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He S, Lyu F, Lou L, Liu L, Li S, Jakowitsch J, Ma Y. Anti-tumor activities of Panax quinquefolius saponins and potential biomarkers in prostate cancer. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:273-286. [PMID: 33841008 PMCID: PMC8020356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate carcinoma is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Developing new therapeutic approaches and diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer (PC) is a significant need. The Chinese herbal medicine Panax quinquefolius saponins (PQS) have been reported to show anti-tumor effects. We hypothesized that PQS exhibits anti-cancer activity in human PC cells and we aimed to search for novel biomarkers allowing early diagnosis of PC. METHODS We used the human PC cell line DU145 and the prostate epithelial cell line PNT2 to perform cell viability assays, flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle, and FACS-based apoptosis assays. Microarray-based gene expression analysis was used to display specific gene expression patterns and to search for novel biomarkers. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to demonstrate the expression levels of multiple cancer-related genes. RESULTS Our data showed that PQS inhibited the viability of DU145 cells and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. A significant decrease in DU145 cell invasion and migration were observed after 24 h treatment by PQS. PQS up-regulated the expression levels of p21, p53, TMEM79, ACOXL, ETV5, and SPINT1 while it down-regulated the expression levels of bcl2, STAT3, FANCD2, DRD2, and TMPRSS2. CONCLUSION PQS promoted cells apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of DU145 cells, which suggests that PQS may be effective for treating PC. TMEM79 and ACOXL were expressed significantly higher in PNT2 than in DU145 cells and could be novel biomarker candidates for PC diagnosis.
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Key Words
- ACOXL, Acyl-CoA oxidase-like protein
- Chinese medicinal herbs
- DRD2, dopamine receptor D2
- ETV5, ETS variant 5
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FANCD2, fanconi anemia group D2
- PC, prostate cancer
- PQS, Panax quinquefolius saponins
- Panax quinquefolius
- Potential biomarkers
- Prostate cancer cells
- SPINT1, serine peptidase inhibitor Kunitz type 1
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TCM, Traditional Chinese Medicine
- TMEM79, transmembrane protein 79
- TMPRSS2, transmembrane protease serine 2
- bcl2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- p21, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21
- p53, tumor suppressor p53
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR
- saponins
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fangqiao Lyu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Lou
- The Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Johannes Jakowitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gerges C, Gerges M, Friewald R, Fesler P, Dorfmüller P, Sharma S, Karlocai K, Skoro-Sajer N, Jakowitsch J, Moser B, Taghavi S, Klepetko W, Lang IM. Microvascular Disease in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2020; 141:376-386. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.041515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) is the gold standard treatment for patients with operable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. However, persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) after PEA remains a major determinant of poor prognosis. A concomitant small-vessel arteriopathy in addition to major pulmonary artery obstruction has been suggested to play an important role in the development of persistent PH and survival after PEA. One of the greatest unmet needs in the current preoperative evaluation is to assess the presence and severity of small-vessel arteriopathy. Using the pulmonary artery occlusion technique, we sought to assess the presence and degree of small-vessel disease in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension undergoing PEA to predict postoperative outcome before surgery.
Methods:
Based on pulmonary artery occlusion waveforms yielding an estimate of the effective capillary pressure, we partitioned pulmonary vascular resistance in larger arterial (upstream resistance [R
up
]) and small arterial plus venous components (downstream resistance) in 90 patients before PEA. For validation, lung wedge biopsies were taken from nonobstructed and obstructed lung territories during PEA in 49 cases. Biopsy sites were chosen according to the pulmonary angiogram still frames that were mounted in the operating room. All vessels per specimen were measured in each patient. Percent media (%MT; arteries) and intima thickness (%IT; arteries, veins, and indeterminate vessels) were calculated relative to external vessel diameter.
Results:
Decreased R
up
was an independent predictor of persistent PH (odds ratio per 10%, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.23–0.69];
P
=0.001) and survival (hazard ratio per 10%, 0.03 [95% CI, 0.00–0.33];
p
=0.004). Arterial %MT and %IT of nonobstructed lung territories and venous %IT of obstructed lung territories were significantly increased in patients with persistent PH and nonsurvivors. R
up
correlated inversely with %MT (
r
=–0.72,
P
<0.001) and %IT (
r
=–0.62,
P
<0.001) of arteries from nonobstructed lung territories and with %IT (
r
=–0.44,
P
=0.024) of veins from obstructed lung territories. Receiver operating characteristic analysis disclosed that R
up
<66% predicted persistent PH after PEA, whereas R
up
<60% identified patients with poor prognosis after PEA.
Conclusions:
Pulmonary artery occlusion waveform analysis with estimation of R
up
seems to be a valuable technique for assessing the degree of small-vessel disease and postoperative outcome after PEA in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital (C.G., M.G., R.F., S.S. N.S.-S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital (C.G., M.G., R.F., S.S. N.S.-S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Friewald
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital (C.G., M.G., R.F., S.S. N.S.-S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre Fesler
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, and Department of Internal Medicine Lapeyronie, University Hospital of Montpellier, France (P.F.)
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Germany (P.D.)
| | - Smriti Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital (C.G., M.G., R.F., S.S. N.S.-S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristof Karlocai
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (K.K.)
| | - Nika Skoro-Sajer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital (C.G., M.G., R.F., S.S. N.S.-S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Moser
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery (B.M., S.T., W.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh Taghavi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery (B.M., S.T., W.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery (B.M., S.T., W.K.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene M. Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital (C.G., M.G., R.F., S.S. N.S.-S., I.M.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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3
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Mangold A, Hofbauer TM, Ondracek AS, Artner T, Scherz T, Speidl WS, Krychtiuk KA, Sadushi-Kolici R, Jakowitsch J, Lang IM. Neutrophil extracellular traps and monocyte subsets at the culprit lesion site of myocardial infarction patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16304. [PMID: 31704966 PMCID: PMC6841683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils release their chromatin into the extracellular space upon activation. These web-like structures are called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and have potent prothrombotic and proinflammatory properties. In ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), NETs correlate with increased infarct size. The interplay of neutrophils and monocytes impacts cardiac remodeling. Monocyte subsets are classified as classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes. In the present study, in vitro stimulation with NETs led to an increase of intermediate monocytes and reduced expression of CX3CR1 in all subsets. Intermediate monocytes have been associated with poor outcome, while non-classical CX3CR1-positive monocytes could have reparative function after STEMI. We characterized monocyte subsets and NET markers at the culprit lesion site of STEMI patients (n = 91). NET surrogate markers were increased and correlated with larger infarct size and with fewer non-classical monocytes. Intermediate and especially non-classical monocytes were increased at the culprit site compared to the femoral site. Low CX3CR1 expression of monocytes correlated with high NET markers and increased infarct size. In this translational system, causality cannot be proven. However, our data suggest that NETs interfere with monocytic differentiation and receptor expression, presumably promoting a subset shift at the culprit lesion site. Reduced monocyte CX3CR1 expression may compromise myocardial salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mangold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M Hofbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna S Ondracek
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tyler Artner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Scherz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter S Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin A Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roela Sadushi-Kolici
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Jakowitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene M Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Skoro-Sajer N, Gerges C, Gerges M, Panzenböck A, Jakowitsch J, Kurz A, Taghavi S, Sadushi-Kolici R, Campean I, Klepetko W, Celermajer DS, Lang IM. Usefulness of thrombosis and inflammation biomarkers in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension-sampling plasma and surgical specimens. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:1067-1074. [PMID: 29802084 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) results from persistent pulmonary vascular obstructions, presumably due to inflammatory thrombosis. Because estimates of thrombus volume at diagnosis have no predictive value, we investigated the role of the thrombosis marker, D-dimer, and the inflammation marker, C-reactive protein (CRP), for predicting outcomes in CTEPH. METHODS A total 289 consecutive patients with CTEPH were followed for 57 (median 45 to 69) months. One hundred fifty-seven of these patients underwent surgical pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). D-dimer and CRP were collected at the time of CTEPH diagnosis and their impact on outcome was analyzed using Cox and logistic regression models. Their association with thrombus composition was analyzed utilizing HistoQuest. RESULTS D-dimer and CRP levels were separately and independently predictive of death or need for lung transplantation (p = 0.012 and p = 0.025, respectively). For example, 5-year survival was 90% (confidence limits 84% to 96%) in patients with D-dimer levels <0.5 µg/ml and CRP <1 mg/dl at diagnosis, as compared with 50% (36% to 64%) for patients with D-dimer ≥0.5 µg/ml and CRP ≥1 mg/dl (p < 0.001). D-dimer and CRP both decreased significantly after PEA (p < 0.01). The amount of fresh red thrombus in thrombendarterectomy specimens correlated positively with D-dimer levels at diagnosis (r = 0.37, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS D-dimer and CRP at the time of diagnosis are independent and significant predictors of outcome in CTEPH, available at the time of diagnosis. This observation suggests an important role for fibrin turnover and inflammation in the pathogenesis of CTEPH and the associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Skoro-Sajer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid Panzenböck
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Jakowitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annabella Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh Taghavi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roela Sadushi-Kolici
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ioana Campean
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David S Celermajer
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Irene Marthe Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Gerges C, Gerges M, Fesler P, Pistritto AM, Konowitz NP, Jakowitsch J, Celermajer DS, Lang I. In-depth haemodynamic phenotyping of pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:13993003.00067-2018. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00067-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The commonest cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is left heart disease (LHD). The current classification system for definitions of PH-LHD is under review. We therefore performed prospective in-depth invasive haemodynamic phenotyping in order to assess the site of increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in PH-LHD subsets.Based on pulmonary artery occlusion waveforms yielding an estimate of the effective capillary pressure, we partitioned PVR in larger arterial (Rup, upstream resistance) and small arterial plus venous components (Rds, downstream resistance). In the case of small vessel disease, Rup decreases and Rds increases. Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) testing was used to assess acute vasoreactivity.Right ventricular afterload (PVR, pulmonary arterial compliance and effective arterial elastance) was significantly higher in combined post- and pre-capillary PH (Cpc-PH, n=35) than in isolated post-capillary PH (Ipc-PH, n=20). Right ventricular afterload decreased during inhalation of NO in Cpc-PH and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (n=31), but remained unchanged in Ipc-PH. Rup was similar in Cpc-PH (66.8±10.8%) and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (65.0±12.2%; p=0.530) suggesting small vessel disease, but significantly higher in Ipc-PH (96.5±4.5%; p<0.001) suggesting upstream transmission of elevated left atrial pressure.Right ventricular afterload is driven by elevated left atrial pressure in Ipc-PH and is further increased by elevated small vessel resistance in Cpc-PH. Cpc-PH is responsive to inhaled NO. Our data support current definitions of PH-LHD subsets.
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6
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Skoro-Sajer N, Gerges C, Balint OH, Kohalmi D, Kaldararova M, Simkova I, Jakowitsch J, Gabriel H, Baumgartner H, Gerges M, Sadushi-Kolici R, Celermajer DS, Lang IM. Subcutaneous treprostinil in congenital heart disease-related pulmonary arterial hypertension. Heart 2018; 104:1195-1199. [PMID: 29436381 PMCID: PMC6047165 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous treprostinil in adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) after 12 months of treatment. METHODS Consecutive adult patients with CHD-PAH received subcutaneous treprostinil to maximum tolerated doses in an observational study. RESULTS Advanced CHD-PAH patients with WHO class III or IV disease (n=32, age 40±10 years, 20 females) received treprostinil for suboptimal response to bosentan (n=12), WHO functional class IV disease (FC, n=7) or prior to bosentan approval (n=13). In the multivariate mixed model, mean increase in 6 min walk distance (6-MWD) from baseline to 12 months was 114 m (76; 152) (P<0.001). WHO FC improved significantly (P=0.001) and B-type brain natriuretic peptide decreased from 1259 (375; 2368) pg/mL to 380 (144; 1468) pg/mL (P=0.02). In those 14 patients who had haemodynamic data before and after initiation of treprostinil, pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly (from 18.4±11.1 to 12.6±7.9 Wood units, P=0.003). The most common adverse events were infusion-site erythema and pain. One patient stopped treatment because of intolerable infusion-site pain after 8 months of treatment. No other major treatment-related complications were observed. Five patients died during early follow-up, having experienced a decrease in their 6-MWD prior. CONCLUSIONS Subcutaneous treprostinil therapy is generally safe and effective for at least 12 months and may be used in CHD-related PAH class III and IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Skoro-Sajer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Dora Kohalmi
- György Gottsegen, Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Kaldararova
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Simkova
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Johannes Jakowitsch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Gabriel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Baumgartner
- Division of Adult Congenital and Valvular Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Mario Gerges
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roela Sadushi-Kolici
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Irene Marthe Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Gerges C, Gerges M, Skoro-Sajer N, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Sadushi-Kolici R, Jakowitsch J, Lang MB, Lang IM. Hemodynamic Thresholds for Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension. Chest 2016; 149:1061-73. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.15-0928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Gerges M, Gerges C, Pistritto AM, Lang MB, Trip P, Jakowitsch J, Binder T, Lang IM. Pulmonary Hypertension in Heart Failure. Epidemiology, Right Ventricular Function, and Survival. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:1234-46. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201503-0529oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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9
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Mangold A, Alias S, Scherz T, Hofbauer T, Jakowitsch J, Panzenböck A, Simon D, Laimer D, Bangert C, Kammerlander A, Mascherbauer J, Winter MP, Distelmaier K, Adlbrecht C, Preissner KT, Lang IM. Coronary neutrophil extracellular trap burden and deoxyribonuclease activity in ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome are predictors of ST-segment resolution and infarct size. Circ Res 2014; 116:1182-92. [PMID: 25547404 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mechanisms of coronary occlusion in ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome are poorly understood. We have previously reported that neutrophil (polymorphonuclear cells [PMNs]) accumulation in culprit lesion site (CLS) thrombus is a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize PMN activation at the CLS. We examined the relationships between CLS neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), bacterial components as triggers of NETosis, activity of endogenous deoxyribonuclease, ST-segment resolution, and infarct size. METHODS AND RESULTS We analyzed coronary thrombectomies from 111 patients with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Thrombi were characterized by immunostaining, flow cytometry, bacterial profiling, and immunometric and enzymatic assays. Compared with femoral PMNs, CLS PMNs were highly activated and formed aggregates with platelets. Nucleosomes, double-stranded DNA, neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and myeloid-related protein 8/14 were increased in CLS plasma, and NETs contributed to the scaffolds of particulate coronary thrombi. Copy numbers of Streptococcus species correlated positively with dsDNA. Thrombus NET burden correlated positively with infarct size and negatively with ST-segment resolution, whereas CLS deoxyribonuclease activity correlated negatively with infarct size and positively with ST-segment resolution. Recombinant deoxyribonuclease accelerated the lysis of coronary thrombi ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS PMNs are highly activated in ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome and undergo NETosis at the CLS. Coronary NET burden and deoxyribonuclease activity are predictors of ST-segment resolution and myocardial infarct size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mangold
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Sherin Alias
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Thomas Scherz
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Thomas Hofbauer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Johannes Jakowitsch
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Adelheid Panzenböck
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Daniel Simon
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Daniela Laimer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Christine Bangert
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Andreas Kammerlander
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Julia Mascherbauer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Max-Paul Winter
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Klaus Distelmaier
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Christopher Adlbrecht
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.)
| | - Irene M Lang
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II (A.M., S.A., T.S., T.H., J.J., A.P., D.S., A.K., J.M., M.-P.W., K.D., C.A., I.M.L.), Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology (D.L., C.B.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany (K.T.P.).
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Mangold A, Scherz T, Alias S, Hofbauer T, Jakowitsch J, Bangert C, Pfaffenberger S, Winter MP, Preissner KT, Lang IM. P726Coronary NET burden and DNase activity in ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome are predictors of infarct size. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu098.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Frey MK, Alias S, Winter MP, Redwan B, Stübiger G, Panzenboeck A, Alimohammadi A, Bonderman D, Jakowitsch J, Bergmeister H, Bochkov V, Preissner KT, Lang IM. Splenectomy is modifying the vascular remodeling of thrombosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000772. [PMID: 24584745 PMCID: PMC3959675 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Splenectomy is a clinical risk factor for complicated thrombosis. We hypothesized that the loss of the mechanical filtering function of the spleen may enrich for thrombogenic phospholipids in the circulation, thereby affecting the vascular remodeling of thrombosis. Methods and Results We investigated the effects of splenectomy both in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), a human model disease for thrombus nonresolution, and in a mouse model of stagnant flow venous thrombosis mimicking deep vein thrombosis. Surgically excised thrombi from rare cases of CTEPH patients who had undergone previous splenectomy were enriched for anionic phospholipids like phosphatidylserine. Similar to human thrombi, phosphatidylserine accumulated in thrombi after splenectomy in the mouse model. A postsplenectomy state was associated with larger and more persistent thrombi. Higher counts of procoagulant platelet microparticles and increased leukocyte–platelet aggregates were observed in mice after splenectomy. Histological inspection revealed a decreased number of thrombus vessels. Phosphatidylserine‐enriched phospholipids specifically inhibited endothelial proliferation and sprouting. Conclusions After splenectomy, an increase in circulating microparticles and negatively charged phospholipids is enhanced by experimental thrombus induction. The initial increase in thrombus volume after splenectomy is due to platelet activation, and the subsequent delay of thrombus resolution is due to inhibition of thrombus angiogenesis. The data illustrate a potential mechanism of disease in CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Alias S, Redwan B, Panzenboeck A, Winter MP, Schubert U, Voswinckel R, Frey MK, Jakowitsch J, Alimohammadi A, Hobohm L, Mangold A, Bergmeister H, Sibilia M, Wagner EF, Mayer E, Klepetko W, Hoelzenbein TJ, Preissner KT, Lang IM. Defective angiogenesis delays thrombus resolution: a potential pathogenetic mechanism underlying chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:810-819. [PMID: 24526692 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Restoration of patency is a natural target of vascular remodeling after venous thrombosis that involves vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, as well as leukocytes. Acute pulmonary emboli usually resolve <6 months. However, in some instances, thrombi transform into fibrous vascular obstructions, resulting in occlusion of the deep veins, or in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We proposed that dysregulated thrombus angiogenesis may contribute to thrombus persistence. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice with an endothelial cell-specific conditional deletion of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/kinase insert domain protein receptor were used in a model of stagnant flow venous thrombosis closely resembling human deep vein thrombosis. Biochemical and functional analyses were performed on pulmonary endarterectomy specimens from patients with CTEPH, a human model of nonresolving venous thromboembolism. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of kinase insert domain protein receptor and subsequent ablation of thrombus vascularization delayed thrombus resolution. In accordance with these findings, organized human CTEPH thrombi were largely devoid of vascular structures. Several vessel-specific genes, such as kinase insert domain protein receptor, vascular endothelial cadherin, and podoplanin, were expressed at lower levels in white CTEPH thrombi than in organizing deep vein thrombi and organizing thrombi from aortic aneurysms. In addition, red CTEPH thrombi attenuated the angiogenic response induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSIONS In the present work, we propose a mechanism of thrombus nonresolution demonstrating that endothelial cell-specific deletion of kinase insert domain protein receptor abates thrombus vessel formation, misguiding thrombus resolution. Medical conditions associated with the development of CTEPH may be compromising early thrombus angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Alias
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bassam Redwan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Max P Winter
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe Schubert
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Voswinckel
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maria K Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Lukas Hobohm
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Mangold
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Bergmeister
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eckhard Mayer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kerckhoff Clinic Heart and Lung Centre, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas J Hoelzenbein
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Irene M Lang
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Peter K, Liu J, Shi D, Zhang L, Dong G, Zhang D, He S, Jakowitsch J, Breiteneder H, Ma Y. Improvement of early ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction by a modified traditional Chinese medicine sini decoction. Eur J Integr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Strobl M, Schreiber C, Panzenböck A, Winter MP, Bergmeister H, Jakowitsch J, Mascherbauer J, Lang IM, Wexberg P, Bonderman D. Exhaled nitric oxide measurement to monitor pulmonary hypertension in a pneumonectomy-monocrotaline rat model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L485-90. [PMID: 23893296 PMCID: PMC3798763 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00087.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been suggested as a quantitative marker for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in humans. To further characterize FeNO in PAH we investigated this marker in a rodent model. Since there is no standardized technique for FeNO measurement in animals, we intended to reduce measuring errors and confounders of an existing published method by mathematical modification and tested its applicability in an NO-regulating therapy concept of PAH. Thirty-three male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral pneumonectomy and monocrotaline (MCT) injection and were observed for 49 days. A telemetric catheter was introduced into the left pulmonary artery to continuously record mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), and FeNO was assessed. After 35 days, animals were randomized to receive either oral l-arginine (300 mg/kg) in combination with tetrahydrobiopterin (20 mg/kg) therapy (n = 12) or vehicle (n = 11) daily over a period of 14 days. mPAP at baseline was 17.19 ± 9.62 mmHg, which increased to 53.1 ± 10.63 mmHg 28 days after monocrotaline exposure (P < 0.001). Using the modified technique, we found an inverse correlation between exhaled NO and pulmonary pressures before (r = -0.366, P = 0.043) and after MCT (r = -0.363, P = 0.038) as well as after therapy administration (r = -0.657, P = 0.02). Our modified technique proved robust in a rodent model, since valid and reproducible data were gained and showed an inverse correlation between exhaled NO and mPAP, whereas the existing method did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Strobl
- 2 med. Dept., Rudolfstiftung, Juchgasse 25, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Mascherbauer J, Marzluf BA, Tufaro C, Pfaffenberger S, Graf A, Wexberg P, Panzenböck A, Jakowitsch J, Bangert C, Laimer D, Schreiber C, Karakus G, Hülsmann M, Pacher R, Lang IM, Maurer G, Bonderman D. Cardiac magnetic resonance postcontrast T1 time is associated with outcome in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 6:1056-65. [PMID: 24036385 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.113.000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is incompletely understood, but myocardial extracellular matrix accumulation is thought to play a major role. Our aims were to estimate myocardial extracellular matrix using cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping and to assess the relationship between pathobiology/pathophysiology and prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with suspected HFPEF (n=100) were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. Confirmatory diagnostic tests, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging including T1 mapping, and invasive hemodynamic assessments were performed at baseline. Sixty-one patients with confirmed HFPEF entered a longitudinal outcome-monitoring phase (mean, 22.9±5.0 months), during which 16 had a cardiac event. Cardiac magnetic resonance T1 time (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-0.99; P=0.046), left atrial area (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.13; P<0.01), and pulmonary vascular resistance (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.01; P=0.03) were significantly associated with cardiac events. Patients with T1 times below the median (<388.3 ms) were at greater risk of cardiac events than the rest of the group (P<0.01). Extracellular matrix of left ventricular biopsies (n=9), quantified by TissueFAXS technology correlated with T1 time (R=0.98; P<0.01). T1 time also correlated with right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling (pulmonary vascular resistance: R=-0.36; P<0.01; right ventricular ejection fraction: R=0.28; P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS In the present preliminary study, cardiac magnetic resonance postcontrast T1 time is associated with prognosis in HFPEF, suggesting postcontrast T1 as possible biomarker for HFPEF.
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Renner MK, Alias S, Winter MP, Redwan B, Stuebiger G, Panzenboeck A, Jakowitsch J, Bergmeister H, Preissner KT, Lang IM. Splenectomy delays thrombus resolution. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht307.p345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Panzenboeck A, Jakowitsch J, Seitelberger R, Bonderman D, Rosenhek R, Baumgartner H, Lang I. Microvessel loss in degenerative aortic valve disease. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Gerges C, Gerges M, Lang MB, Zhang Y, Jakowitsch J, Probst P, Maurer G, Lang IM. Diastolic Pulmonary Vascular Pressure Gradient. Chest 2013; 143:758-766. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Schuchardt M, Toelle M, Huang T, Wiedon A, Van Der Giet M, Mill C, George S, Jeremy J, Santulli G, Illario M, Cipolletta E, Sorriento D, Del Giudice C, Anastasio A, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Jobs A, Wagner C, Kurtz A, De Wit C, Koller A, Suvorava T, Weber M, Dao V, Kojda G, Tsaousi A, Lyon C, Williams H, George S, Barth N, Loot A, Fleming I, Keul P, Lucke S, Graeler M, Heusch G, Levkau B, Biessen E, De Jager S, Bermudez-Pulgarin B, Bot I, Abia R, Van Berkel T, Renger A, Noack C, Zafiriou M, Dietz R, Bergmann M, Zelarayan L, Hammond J, Hamelet J, Van Assche T, Belge C, Vanderper A, Langin D, Herijgers P, Balligand J, Perrot A, Neubert M, Dietz R, Posch M, Oezcelik C, Posch M, Waldmuller S, Perrot A, Berger F, Scheffold T, Bouvagnet P, Ozcelik C, Lebreiro A, Martins E, Lourenco P, Cruz C, Martins M, Bettencourt P, Maciel M, Abreu-Lima C, Pilichou K, Bauce B, Rampazzo A, Carturan E, Corrado D, Thiene G, Basso C, Piccini I, Fortmueller L, Kuhlmann M, Schaefers M, Carmeliet P, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Sanchez J, Rodriguez-Sinovas A, Agullo E, Garcia-Dorado D, Lymperopoulos A, Rengo G, Gao E, Zincarelli C, Koch W, Fontes-Sousa A, Silva S, Gomes M, Ferreira P, Leite-Moreira A, Capuano V, Ferron L, Ruchon Y, Ben Mohamed F, Renaud JF, Morgan P, Falcao-Pires I, Goncalves N, Gavina C, Pinho S, Moura C, Amorim M, Pinho P, Leite-Moreira A, Christ T, Molenaar P, Diez A, Ravens U, Kaumann A, Kletsiou E, Giannakopoulou M, Bozas E, Iliodromitis E, Anastasiou-Nana M, Papathanassoglou E, Chottova Dvorakova M, Mistrova E, Perez N, Slavikova J, Hynie S, Sida P, Klenerova V, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio M, Storelli C, Distante A, De Caterina R, Cingolani H, Zakrzewicz A, Hoffmann C, Hohberg M, Chlench S, Maroski J, Drab M, Siegel G, Pries A, Farrell K, Holt C, Zahradnikova A, Schrot G, Ibatov A, Wilck N, Fechner M, Arias A, Meiners S, Baumann G, Stangl V, Stangl K, Ludwig A, Polakova E, Christ A, Eijgelaar W, Daemen M, Li X, Penfold M, Schall T, Weber C, Schober A, Hintenberger R, Kaun C, Zahradnik I, Pfaffenberger S, Maurer G, Huber K, Wojta J, Demyanets S, Titov V, Nazari-Jahantigh M, Weber C, Schober A, Chin-Dusting J, Zahradnikova A, Vaisman B, Khong S, Remaley A, Andrews K, Hoeper A, Khalid A, Fuglested B, Aasum E, Larsen T, Titov V, Fluschnik N, Carluccio M, Scoditti E, Massaro M, Storelli C, Distante A, De Caterina R, Diebold I, Petry A, Djordjevic T, Belaiba R, Sossalla S, Fratz S, Hess J, Kietzmann T, Goerlach A, O'shea K, Chess D, Khairallah R, Walsh K, Stanley W, Falcao-Pires I, Ort K, Goncalves N, Van Der Velden J, Moreira-Goncalves D, Paulus W, Niessen H, Perlini S, Leite-Moreira A, Azibani F, Tournoux F, Fazal L, Neef S, Polidano E, Merval R, Chatziantoniou C, Samuel J, Delcayre C, Azibani F, Tournoux F, Fazal L, Polidano E, Merval R, Hasenfuss G, Chatziantoniou C, Samuel J, Delcayre C, Mgandela P, Brooksbank R, Maswanganyi T, Woodiwiss A, Norton G, Makaula S, Sartiani L, Maier L, Bucciantini M, Spinelli V, Coppini R, Russo E, Mugelli A, Cerbai E, Stefani M, Sukumaran V, Watanabe K, Ma M, Weinert S, Thandavarayan R, Azrozal W, Sari F, Shimazaki H, Kobayashi Y, Roleder T, Golba K, Deja M, Malinowski M, Wos S, Poitz D, Stieger P, Grebe M, Tillmanns H, Preissner K, Sedding D, Ercan E, Guven A, Asgun F, Ickin M, Ercan F, Herold J, Kaplan A, Yavuz O, Bagla S, Yang Y, Ma Y, Liu F, Li X, Huang Y, Kuka J, Vilskersts R, Schmeisser A, Vavers E, Liepins E, Dambrova M, Mariero L, Rutkovskiy A, Stenslokken K, Vaage J, Duerr G, Suchan G, Heuft T, Strasser J, Klaas T, Zimmer A, Welz A, Fleischmann B, Dewald O, Voelkl J, Haubner B, Kremser C, Mayr A, Klug G, Braun-Dullaeus R, Reiner M, Pachinger O, Metzler B, Pisarenko O, Shulzhenko V, Pelogeykina Y, Khatri D, Studneva I, Barnucz E, Loganathan S, Nazari-Jahantigh M, Hirschberg K, Korkmaz S, Merkely B, Karck M, Szabo G, Bencsik P, Gorbe A, Kocsis G, Csonka C, Csont T, Weber C, Shamloo M, Woodburn K, Ferdinandy P, Szucs G, Kupai K, Csonka C, Csont C, Ferdinandy P, Kocsisne Fodor G, Bencsik P, Schober A, Fekete V, Varga Z, Monostori P, Turi S, Ferdinandy P, Csont T, Leuner A, Eichhorn B, Ravens U, Morawietz H, Babes E, Babes V, Popescu M, Ardelean A, Rus M, Bustea C, Gwozdz P, Csanyi G, Luzak B, Gajda M, Mateuszuk L, Chmura-Skirlinska A, Watala C, Chlopicki S, Kierzkowska I, Sulicka J, Kwater A, Strach M, Surdacki A, Siedlar M, Grodzicki T, Olieslagers S, Pardali L, Tchaikovski V, Ten Dijke P, Waltenberger J, Renner M, Redwan B, Winter M, Panzenboeck A, Jakowitsch J, Sadushi-Kolici R, Bonderman D, Lang I, Toso A, Tanini L, Pizzetti T, Leoncini M, Maioli M, Tedeschi D, Oliviero C, Bellandi F, Toso A, Tanini L, Pizzetti T, Leoncini M, Maioli M, Tedeschi D, Casprini P, Bellandi F, Toso A, Tanini L, Pizzetti T, Leoncini M, Maioli M, Tedeschi D, Amato M, Bellandi F, Molins B, Pena E, Badimon L, Ferreiro Gutierrez J, Ueno M, Alissa R, Dharmashankar K, Capodanno D, Desai B, Bass T, Angiolillo D, Chabielska E, Gromotowicz A, Szemraj J, Stankiewicz A, Zakrzeska A, Mohammed S, Molla F, Soldo A, Russo I, Germano G, Balconi G, Staszewsky L, Latini R, Lynch F, Austin C, Prendergast B, Keenan D, Malik R, Izzard A, Heagerty A, Czikora A, Lizanecz E, Rutkai I, Boczan J, Porszasz R, Papp Z, Edes I, Toth A, Colantuoni A, Vagnani S, Lapi D, Maroz-Vadalazhskaya N, Koslov I, Shumavetz V, Glibovskaya T, Ostrovskiy Y, Koutsiaris A, Tachmitzi S, Kotoula M, Giannoukas A, Tsironi E, Rutkai I, Czikora A, Darago A, Orosz P, Megyesi Z, Edes I, Papp Z, Toth A, Eichhorn B, Schudeja S, Matschke K, Deussen A, Ravens U, Castro M, Cena J, Walsh M, Schulz R, Poddar K, Rha S, Ramasamy S, Park J, Choi C, Seo H, Park C, Oh D, Lebreiro A, Martins E, Almeida J, Pimenta S, Bernardes J, Machado J, Abreu-Lima C, Sabatasso S, Laissue J, Hlushchuk R, Brauer-Krisch E, Bravin A, Blattmann H, Michaud K, Djonov V, Hirschberg K, Tarcea V, Pali S, Korkmaz S, Loganathan S, Merkely B, Karck M, Szabo G, Pagliani L, Faggin E, Rattazzi M, Puato M, Presta M, Grego F, Deriu G, Pauletto P, Kaiser R, Albrecht K, Schgoer W, Theurl M, Beer A, Wiedemann D, Steger C, Bonaros N, Kirchmair R, Kharlamov A, Cabaravdic M, Breuss J, Uhrin P, Binder B, Fiordaliso F, Balconi G, Mohammed S, Maggioni M, Biondi A, Masson S, Cervo L, Latini R, Francke A, Herold J, Soenke W, Strasser R, Braun-Dullaeus R, Hecht N, Vajkoczy P, Woitzik J, Hackbusch D, Gatzke N, Duelsner A, Tsuprykov O, Slavic S, Buschmann I, Kappert K, Massaro M, Scoditti E, Carluccio M, Storelli C, Distante A, De Caterina R, Barandi L, Harmati G, Simko J, Horvath B, Szentandrassy N, Banyasz T, Magyar J, Nanasi P, Kaya A, Uzunhasan I, Yildiz A, Yigit Z, Turkoglu C, Doisne N, Zannad N, Hivert B, Cosnay P, Maupoil V, Findlay I, Virag L, Kristof A, Koncz I, Szel T, Jost N, Biliczki P, Papp J, Varro A, Bukowska A, Skopp K, Hammwoehner M, Huth C, Bode-Boeger S, Goette A, Workman A, Dempster J, Marshall G, Rankin A, Revnic C, Ginghina C, Revnic F, Yakushev S, Petrushanko I, Makhro A, Segato Komniski M, Mitkevich V, Makarov A, Gassmann M, Bogdanova A, Rutkovskiy A, Mariero L, Stenslokken K, Valen G, Vaage J, Dizayee S, Kaestner S, Kuck F, Piekorz R, Hein P, Matthes J, Nurnberg B, Herzig S, Hertel F, Switalski A, Bender K, Kienitz MC, Pott L, Fornai L, Angelini A, Erika Amstalden Van Hove E, Fedrigo M, Thiene G, Heeren R, Kruse M, Pongs O, Lehmann H, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Hammwoehner M, Roehl F, Bukowska A, Bode-Boeger S, Goette A, Radicke S, Cotella C, Sblattero D, Schaefer M, Ravens U, Wettwer E, Santoro C, Seyler C, Kulzer M, Zitron E, Scholz E, Welke F, Thomas D, Karle C, Schmidt K, Radicke S, Dobrev D, Ravens U, Wettwer E, Houshmand N, Menesi D, Ravens U, Wettwer E, Cotella D, Papp J, Varro A, Szuts V, Szuts V, Houshmand N, Puskas L, Jost N, Virag L, Kiss I, Deak F, Varro A, Tereshchenko S, Gladyshev M, Kalachova G, Syshchik N, Gogolashvili N, Dedok E, Evert L, Wenzel J, Brandenburger M, Bogdan R, Richardt D, Reppel M, Hescheler J, Dendorfer A, Terlau H, Wiegerinck R, Galvez-Monton C, Jorge E, Martinez R, Ricart E, Cinca J, Bagavananthem Andavan G, Lemmens Gruber R, Brack K, Coote J, Ng G, Daimi H, Haj Khelil A, Neji A, Ben Hamda K, Maaoui S, Aranega A, Chibani J, Franco Jaime D, Tanko AS, Brack K, Coote J, Ng G, Doisne N, Hivert B, Cosnay P, Findlay I, Maupoil V, Daniel JM, Bielenberg W, Stieger P, Tillmanns H, Sedding D, Fortini C, Toffoletto B, Fucili A, Beltrami A, Fiorelli V, Francolini G, Ferrari R, Beltrami C, Castellani C, Ravara B, Tavano R, Thiene G, Vettor R, De Coppi P, Papini E, Angelini A, Molla F, Soldo A, Biondi A, Staszewsky L, Russo I, Gunetti M, Fagioli F, Latini R, Suffredini S, Sartiani L, Stillitano F, Mugelli A, Cerbai E, Krausgrill B, Halbach M, Soemantri S, Schenk K, Lange N, Hescheler J, Saric T, Muller-Ehmsen J, Kavanagh D, Zhao Y, Yemm A, Kalia N, Wright E, Farrell K, Wallrapp C, Geigle P, Lewis A, Stratford P, Malik N, Holt C, Krausgrill B, Raths M, Halbach M, Schenk K, Hescheler J, Muller-Ehmsen J, Zagallo M, Luni C, Serena E, Cimetta E, Zatti S, Giobbe G, Elvassore N, Serena E, Cimetta E, Zaglia T, Zatti S, Zambon A, Gordon K, Elvassore N, Mioulane M, Foldes G, Ali N, Harding S, Gorbe A, Szunyog A, Varga Z, Pirity M, Rungaruniert S, Dinnyes A, Csont T, Ferdinandy P, Foldes G, Mioulane M, Iqbal A, Schneider MD, Ali N, Harding S, Babes E, Babes V, Khodjaeva E, Ibadov R, Khalikulov K, Mansurov A, Astvatsatryan A, Senan M, Astvatsatryan A, Senan M, Nemeth A, Lenkey Z, Ajtay Z, Cziraki A, Sulyok E, Horvath I, Lobenhoffer J, Bode-Boger S, Li J, He Y, Yang X, Wang F, Xu H, Li X, Zhao X, Lin Y, Juszynski M, Ciszek B, Jablonska A, Stachurska E, Ratajska A, Atkinson A, Inada S, Li J, Sleiman R, Zhang H, Boyett M, Dobrzynski H, Fedorenko O, Hao G, Atkinson A, Yanni J, Buckley D, Anderson R, Boyett M, Dobrzynski H, Ma Y, Ma X, Hu Y, Yang Y, Huang D, Liu F, Huang Y, Liu C, Jedrzejczyk T, Balwicki L, Wierucki L, Zdrojewski T, Makhro A, Agarkova I, Vogel J, Gassmann M, Bogdanova A, Korybalska K, Pyda M, Witowski J, Ibatov A, Sozmen N, Seymen A, Tuncay E, Turan B, Huang Y, Ma Y, Yang Y, Liu F, Chen B, Li X, Houston-Feenstra L, Chiong JR, Jutzy K, Furundzija V, Kaufmann J, Kappert K, Meyborg H, Fleck E, Stawowy P, Ksiezycka-Majczynska E, Lubiszewska B, Kruk M, Kurjata P, Ruzyllo W, Ibatov A, Driesen R, Coenen T, Fagard R, Sipido K, Petrov V, Aksentijevic D, Lygate C, Makinen K, Sebag-Montefiore L, Medway D, Schneider J, Neubauer S, Gasser R, Holzwart E, Rainer P, Von Lewinski D, Maechler H, Gasser S, Roessl U, Pieske B, Krueger J, Kintscher U, Kappert K, Podramagi T, Paju K, Piirsoo A, Roosimaa M, Kadaja L, Orlova E, Ruusalepp A, Seppet E, Auquier J, Ginion A, Hue L, Horman S, Beauloye C, Vanoverschelde J, Bertrand L, Fekete V, Zvara A, Pipis J, Konya C, Csonka C, Puskas L, Csont T, Ferdinandy P, Gasser S, Rainer P, Holzwart E, Roessl U, Kraigher-Krainer E, Von Lewinksi D, Pieske B, Gasser R, Gonzalez-Loyola A, Barba I, Rodriguez-Sinovas A, Fernandez-Sanz C, Agullo E, Ruiz-Meana M, Garcia-Dorado D, Forteza M, Bodi Peris V, Monleon D, Mainar L, Morales J, Moratal D, Trapero I, Chorro F, Leszek P, Sochanowicz B, Szperl M, Kolsut P, Piotrowski W, Rywik T, Danko B, Kruszewski M, Stanley W, Khairallah R, Khanna N, O'shea K, Kristian T, Hecker P, Des Rosiers R, Fiskum G, Fernandez-Alfonso M, Guzman-Ruiz R, Somoza B, Gil-Ortega M, Attane C, Castan-Laurell I, Valet P, Ruiz-Gayo M, Maroz-Vadalazhskaya N, Denissevich T, Shumavetz V, Ostrovskiy Y, Schrepper A, Schwarzer M, Amorim P, Schoepe M, Mohr F, Doenst T, Chiellini G, Ghelardoni S, Saba A, Marchini M, Frascarelli S, Raffaelli A, Scanlan T, Zucchi R, Van Den Akker N, Molin D, Kolk F, Jeukens F, Olde Engberink R, Waltenberger J, Post M, Van Den Akker N, Molin D, Verbruggen S, Schulten H, Post M, Waltenberger J, Rochais F, Kelly R, Aberg M, Johnell M, Wickstrom M, Siegbahn A, Dimitrakis P, Groppalli V, Ott D, Seifriz F, Suter T, Zuppinger C, Kashcheyeu Y, Mueller R, Wiesen M, Saric T, Gruendemann D, Hescheler J, Herzig S, Falcao-Pires I, Fontes-Sousa A, Lopes-Conceicao L, Bras-Silva C, Leite-Moreira A, Bukauskas F, Palacios-Prado N, Norheim F, Raastad T, Thiede B, Drevon C, Haugen F, Lindner D, Westermann D, Zietsch C, Schultheiss HP, Tschoepe C, Horn M, Graham H, Hall M, Richards M, Clarke J, Dibb K, Trafford A, Cheng CF, Lin H, Eigeldiger-Berthou S, Buntschu P, Frobert A, Flueck M, Tevaearai H, Kadner A, Mikhailov A, Torrado M, Centeno A, Lopez E, Lourido L, Castro Beiras A, Popov T, Srdanovic I, Petrovic M, Canji T, Kovacevic M, Jovelic A, Sladojevic M, Panic G, Kararigas G, Fliegner D, Regitz-Zagrosek V, De La Rosa Sanchez A, Dominguez J, Sedmera D, Franco D, Aranega A, Medunjanin S, Burgbacher F, Schmeisser A, Strasser R, Braun-Dullaeus R, Li X, Ma Y, Yang Y, Liu F, Han W, Chen B, Zhang J, Gao X, Bayliss C, Song W, Stuckey D, Dyer E, Leung MC, Monserrat L, Marston S, Sorriento D, Santulli G, Fusco A, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G, Revnic C, Ginghina C, Revnic F, Paillard M, Liang J, Strub G, Gomez L, Hait N, Allegood J, Lesnefsky E, Spiegel S, Zuchi C, Coiro S, Bettini M, Ciliberti G, Mancini I, Tritto I, Becker L, Ambrosio G, Adam T, Sharp S, Opie L, Lecour S, Khaliulin I, Parker J, Halestrap A, Kandasamy A, Schulz R, Schoepe M, Schwarzer M, Schrepper A, Osterholt M, Amorim P, Mohr F, Doenst T, Fernandez-Sanz C, Ruiz-Meana M, Miro-Casas E, Agullo E, Boengler K, Schulz R, Garcia-Dorado D, Menazza S, Canton M, Sheeran F, Di Lisa F, Pepe S, Borchi E, Manni M, Bargelli V, Giordano C, D'amati G, Cerbai E, Nediani C, Raimondi L, Micova P, Balkova P, Kolar F, Neckar J, Novak F, Novakova O, Schuchardt M, Toelle M, Pruefer N, Pruefer J, Jankowski V, Jankowski J, Van Der Giet M, Han W, Su Y, Zervou S, Aksentijevic D, Lygate C, Neubauer S, Seidel B, Korkmaz S, Radovits T, Hirschberg K, Loganathan S, Barnucz E, Karck M, Szabo G, Aggeli I, Kefaloyianni E, Beis I, Gaitanaki C, Lacerda L, Somers S, Opie L, Lecour S, Brack K, Coote J, Ng G, Paur H, Nikolaev V, Lyon A, Harding S, Bras-Silva C. Sunday, 18 July 2010. Cardiovasc Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Adlbrecht C, Distelmaier K, Bonderman D, Beran G, Redwan B, Strunk G, Binder T, Jakowitsch J, Probst P, Heinze G, Maurer G, Lang IM. Long-term outcome after thrombectomy in acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:233-41. [PMID: 20100234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current data appear in favour of thrombectomy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, information on long-term outcome after thrombectomy is limited. We performed a retrospective long-term study to assess the risk of cardiac re-hospitalizations and survival after discharge from the index hospitalization for STEMI. METHODS Patients originally randomized to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with thrombectomy vs. standard PCI were included in a retrospective long-term observational study. The primary study endpoint was the combined risk for all-cause death or cardiac re-hospitalization after index discharge under optimal medical therapy. The cumulative number of cardiac hospitalization days and ventricular remodelling assessed by echocardiography and plasma biomarkers were secondary endpoints. RESULTS Of 94 STEMI patients who had been randomized between 11/2000 and 03/2003, 89 patients consented to long-term follow-up. A total of 43 patients had been allocated to thrombectomy and 46 to standard primary PCI. The minimum follow-up time was 1115 days. There was a significantly lower risk for death or cardiac re-hospitalization for patients of the thrombectomy group (hazard ratio = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49-0.98, P = 0.036). The incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction was not different (P = 0.343). No differences in cardiac remodelling were detected by echocardiography, with the exception that heart-type fatty acid binding protein at 53.2 +/- 17 months was lower in the thrombectomy group (P = 0.045). CONCLUSION Thrombectomy in STEMI may decrease the long-term risk for death or cardiac re-hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Adlbrecht
- Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Distelmaier K, Adlbrecht C, Jakowitsch J, Winkler S, Dunkler D, Gerner C, Wagner O, Lang IM, Kubicek M. Local complement activation triggers neutrophil recruitment to the site of thrombus formation in acute myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost 2009; 102:564-72. [PMID: 19718478 DOI: 10.1160/th09-02-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture with subsequent mural thrombus formation is considered the main event compromising epicardial flow in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the precise mechanisms underlying acute coronary occlusion are unknown. We compared the proteomic profiles of systemic plasma and plasma derived from the site of thrombus formation of patients with AMI by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and ELISA. We identified a local activation of the complement system, with selective accumulation of the complement activator C-reactive protein (CRP) and the downstream complement effectors C3a and C5a. CRP in coronary thrombus co-localised with C1q and C3 immunoreactivities, suggesting classical complement activation. In vitro, coronary thrombus derived plasma enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis in a C5a dependent fashion. In vivo, neutrophil accumulation at the site of thrombus formation paralleled the time delay from symptom onset to first balloon inflation or aspiration, and was correlated with C5a and enzymatic infarct size. We present the first direct evidence for localised complement activation in acute coronary thrombi. Our data indicate that local complement effectors amplify the vascular occlusion process in AMI by enhanced neutrophil recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Distelmaier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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22
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Ma Y, Jakowitsch J, Deusch O, Henze K, Martin W, Löffelhardt W. Transketolase from Cyanophora paradoxa: in vitro import into cyanelles and pea chloroplasts and a complex history of a gene often, but not always, transferred in the context of secondary endosymbiosis. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2009; 56:568-76. [PMID: 19883445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The glaucocystophyte Cyanophora paradoxa is an obligatorily photoautotrophic biflagellated protist containing cyanelles, peculiar plastids surrounded by a peptidoglycan layer between their inner and outer envelope membranes. Although the 136-kb cyanelle genome surpasses higher plant chloroplast genomes in coding capacity by about 50 protein genes, these primitive plastids still have to import >2,000 polypeptides across their unique organelle wall. One such protein is transketolase, an essential enzyme of the Calvin cycle. We report the sequence of the pre-transketolase cDNA from C. paradoxa and in vitro import experiments of precursor polypeptides into cyanelles and into pea chloroplasts. The transit sequence clearly indicates the localization of the gene product to cyanelles and is more similar to the transit sequences of the plant homologues than to transit sequences of other cyanelle precursor polypeptides with the exception of a cyanelle consensus sequence at the N-terminus. The mature sequence reveals conservation of the thiamine pyrophosphate binding site. A neighbor-net planar graph suggests that Cyanophora, higher plants, and the photosynthetic protist Euglena gracilis acquired their nuclear-encoded transketolase genes via endosymbiotic gene transfer from the cyanobacterial ancestor of plastids; in the case of Euglena probably entailing two transfers, once from the plastid in the green algal lineage and once again in the secondary endosymbiosis underlying the origin of Euglena's plastids. By contrast, transketolase genes in some eukaryotes with secondary plastids of red algal origin, such as Thalassiosira pseudonana, have retained the pre-existing transketolase gene germane to their secondary host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Vienna, Dr. Bohrgasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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23
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Bonderman D, Jakowitsch J, Adlbrecht C, Schemper M, Kyrle PA, Schönauer V, Exner M, Klepetko W, Kneussl MP, Maurer G, Lang I. Medical conditions increasing the risk of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Thromb Haemost 2009; 93:512-6. [PMID: 15735803 DOI: 10.1160/th04-10-0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is characterized by organized thromboemboli that obstruct the pulmonary vascular bed. Although CTEPH is a serious complication of acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism in 4% of cases, signs, symptoms and classical risk factors for venous thromboembolism are lacking. The aim of the present study was to identify medical conditions conferring an increased risk of CTEPH. We performed a case-control-study comparing 109 consecutive CTEPH patients to 187 patients with acute pulmonary embolism that was confirmed by a high probability lung scan. Splenectomy (odds ratio=13, 95% CI 2.7-127), ventriculo-atrial (VA-) shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus (odds ratio=13, 95% CI 2.5-129) and chronic inflammatory disorders, such as osteomyelitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, odds ratio=67, 95% CI 7.9-8832) were associated with an increased risk of CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bonderman
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Cardiology, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Adlbrecht C, Hülsmann M, Strunk G, Berger R, Mörtl D, Struck J, Morgenthaler NG, Bergmann A, Jakowitsch J, Maurer G, Lang IM, Pacher R. Prognostic value of plasma midregional pro-adrenomedullin and C-terminal-pro-endothelin-1 in chronic heart failure outpatients. Eur J Heart Fail 2009; 11:361-6. [PMID: 19190023 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfp004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The identification of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients at high risk of adverse outcome remains a challenge. New peptides are emerging that may give additional information. In CHF patients, endothelin (ET) levels predict mortality risk. Adrenomedullin has been shown to predict mortality in ischaemic heart failure, but not in unselected or non-ischaemic CHF patients. Moreover, ADM and ET have never been assessed in one model. The aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of midregional-pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) and C-terminal-pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET-1) in outpatients with CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured plasma MR-proADM and CT-proET-1 levels in 786 consecutive CHF outpatients and compared them with B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. At 24-month follow-up, 233 patients had died. A stepwise forward Cox regression model with age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, NYHA > II, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), MR-proADM, CT-proET-1, and BNP as possible predictors revealed that MR-proADM levels [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.77, P < 0.001] in addition to age (HR = 1.02, P = 0.004), ejection fraction (HR = 0.98, P = 0.004), and NYHA > II (HR = 1.86, P < 0.001) were predictors of death at 24 months. When the analysis was repeated dependent on NYHA-stage, MR-proADM (HR = 2.12, P < 0.001) and LVEF (HR = 0.96, P = 0.006) were significant markers, but only in patients with mild/moderate CHF. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that MR-proADM may be an important prognostic humoral marker, especially in mild/moderately symptomatic and non-ischaemic CHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Adlbrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Skoro-Sajer N, Hack N, Sadushi-Koliçi R, Bonderman D, Jakowitsch J, Klepetko W, Hoda MAR, Kneussl MP, Fedullo P, Lang IM. Pulmonary Vascular Reactivity and Prognosis in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2009; 119:298-305. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.794610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Surgical pulmonary endarterectomy is the preferred treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Persistent pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy has been recognized as a major determinant of poor outcome. We tested whether acute vasoreactivity identifies chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension patients prone to develop persistent/recurrent pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy and whether the degree of acute vasoreactivity affects survival or freedom from lung transplantation.
Methods and Results—
Right-sided heart catheterization at baseline and after inhalation of 40 ppm nitric oxide for 20 minutes was performed in 103 patients (56.3±15.3 years old, 53 women). Reductions in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (ΔmPAP; −8.8±12.6%;
P
<0.0001) and pulmonary vascular resistance (−16.1±18.1%;
P
<0.0001) and an increase in mixed venous saturation during inhaled nitric oxide (9.1±11.6%;
P
<0.0001) were observed. Sixty-two patients underwent pulmonary endarterectomy after a median of 49 days (25th and 75th percentiles: 24 and 123 days). Operated patients were followed up for a median of 70.9 months (25th and 75th percentiles: 14 and 97 months). Change in mPAP during inhaled NO was identified as a predictor of persistent/recurrent pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary endarterectomy. Patients experiencing a reduction in mPAP >10.4% with nitric oxide inhalation had a better postoperative outcome. A significant correlation was found between ΔmPAP and immediate postoperative pulmonary vascular resistance (
r
=0.5,
P
<0.0001).
Conclusions—
A total of 80 (77.7%) of 103 patients demonstrated acute pulmonary vascular reactivity of some degree. A decrease in mPAP >10.4% under inhaled nitric oxide is a predictor of long-term survival and freedom from lung transplantation in adult patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who are undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Skoro-Sajer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (N.S.-S., R.S.-K., D.B., J.J., I.M.L.), Section of Medical Statistics (N.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (W.K., M.A.R.H.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna; Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien (M.P.K.), Vienna, Austria; and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.F.), University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Niklas Hack
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (N.S.-S., R.S.-K., D.B., J.J., I.M.L.), Section of Medical Statistics (N.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (W.K., M.A.R.H.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna; Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien (M.P.K.), Vienna, Austria; and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.F.), University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Roela Sadushi-Koliçi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (N.S.-S., R.S.-K., D.B., J.J., I.M.L.), Section of Medical Statistics (N.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (W.K., M.A.R.H.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna; Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien (M.P.K.), Vienna, Austria; and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.F.), University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Diana Bonderman
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (N.S.-S., R.S.-K., D.B., J.J., I.M.L.), Section of Medical Statistics (N.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (W.K., M.A.R.H.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna; Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien (M.P.K.), Vienna, Austria; and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.F.), University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Johannes Jakowitsch
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (N.S.-S., R.S.-K., D.B., J.J., I.M.L.), Section of Medical Statistics (N.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (W.K., M.A.R.H.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna; Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien (M.P.K.), Vienna, Austria; and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.F.), University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Walter Klepetko
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (N.S.-S., R.S.-K., D.B., J.J., I.M.L.), Section of Medical Statistics (N.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (W.K., M.A.R.H.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna; Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien (M.P.K.), Vienna, Austria; and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.F.), University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Mir Ali Reza Hoda
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (N.S.-S., R.S.-K., D.B., J.J., I.M.L.), Section of Medical Statistics (N.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (W.K., M.A.R.H.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna; Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien (M.P.K.), Vienna, Austria; and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.F.), University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Meinhard P. Kneussl
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (N.S.-S., R.S.-K., D.B., J.J., I.M.L.), Section of Medical Statistics (N.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (W.K., M.A.R.H.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna; Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien (M.P.K.), Vienna, Austria; and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.F.), University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Peter Fedullo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (N.S.-S., R.S.-K., D.B., J.J., I.M.L.), Section of Medical Statistics (N.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (W.K., M.A.R.H.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna; Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien (M.P.K.), Vienna, Austria; and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.F.), University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Irene M. Lang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology (N.S.-S., R.S.-K., D.B., J.J., I.M.L.), Section of Medical Statistics (N.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (W.K., M.A.R.H.), Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna; Wilhelminenspital der Stadt Wien (M.P.K.), Vienna, Austria; and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (P.F.), University of California, San Diego, Calif
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Bonderman D, Jakowitsch J, Redwan B, Bergmeister H, Renner MK, Panzenböck H, Adlbrecht C, Georgopoulos A, Klepetko W, Kneussl M, Lang IM. Role for staphylococci in misguided thrombus resolution of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:678-84. [PMID: 18239156 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.156000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute pulmonary emboli usually resolve within 6 months. However, in 0.1% to 3.8% of cases thrombus transforms into fibrous masses. If vascular obstruction is severe, the resulting condition is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Patients who carry ventriculo-atrial (VA-) shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus and report a history of shunt infection are at an increased risk for CTEPH. Because CTEPH lacks traditional plasmatic risk factors for venous thromboembolism, we hypothesized that delayed thrombus resolution rather than abnormal coagulation is important, and that bacterial infection would be important for this misguidance. METHODS AND RESULTS Human CTEPH thromboemboli were harvested during pulmonary endarterectomy. The effects of Staphylococcal infection on thrombus organization were examined in a murine model of stagnant-flow venous thrombosis. Staphylococcal DNA, but not RNA, was detected in 6 of 7 thrombi from VA shunt carriers. In the mouse model, staphylococcal infection delayed thrombus resolution in parallel with upregulation of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta and connective tissue growth factor. CONCLUSIONS In the present work, we propose a mechanism of disease demonstrating that infection with Staphylococci enhances fibrotic vascular remodeling after thrombosis, resulting in misguided thrombus resolution. Thrombus infection appears to be a trigger in the evolution of CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bonderman
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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27
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Skoro-Sajer N, Mittermayer F, Panzenboeck A, Bonderman D, Sadushi R, Hitsch R, Jakowitsch J, Klepetko W, Kneussl MP, Wolzt M, Lang IM. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is increased in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:1154-60. [PMID: 17872491 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200702-278oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a potent endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, is increased in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and associated with unfavorable outcome. OBJECTIVES Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), although principally amenable to surgical removal of major pulmonary arterial obstructions by pulmonary endarterectomy, may show a small-vessel pulmonary arteriopathy similar to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. We hypothesized that ADMA plasma levels are increased in patients with CTEPH. METHODS We measured ADMA by high-performance liquid chromatography at the time of diagnosis in 135 patients with CTEPH. Inoperability in 66 patients was based on an imbalance between severity of pulmonary hypertension and morphologic lesions. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS ADMA plasma levels were significantly elevated in patients, compared with 40 matched control subjects (0.62 [0.51-0.73] vs. 0.51 [0.45-0.6] micromol/L, P = 0.0002). At baseline, ADMA plasma concentrations correlated with mixed venous saturation (r = -0.25, P = 0.005), right atrial pressure (r = 0.35, P < 0.0001), and cardiac index (r = -0.21, P = 0.01). Patients who underwent surgery demonstrated lower ADMA levels at baseline than inoperable patients (0.60 [0.5-0.68] vs. 0.63 [0.53-0.85] micromol/L, P = 0.02), with a further decrease 12 +/- 1 months after pulmonary endarterectomy (P = 0.02). Endothelial NOS expression in endothelial cells was low in patients with elevated ADMA plasma levels. Survival of patients with ADMA plasma levels >/= 0.64 micromol/L was worse than in patients with ADMA plasma levels < 0.64 micromol/L. CONCLUSIONS ADMA plasma levels correlate with the severity of pulmonary vascular disease and predict outcome in patients with CTEPH. Measurement of ADMA plasma levels may be useful for estimating the degree of small-vessel arteriopathy in CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Skoro-Sajer
- Professor of Vascular Biology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Adlbrecht C, Bonderman D, Plass C, Jakowitsch J, Beran G, Sperker W, Siostrzonek P, Glogar D, Maurer G, Lang IM. Active endothelin is an important vasoconstrictor in acute coronary thrombi. Thromb Haemost 2007; 97:642-9. [PMID: 17393028 DOI: 10.1160/th06-08-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome is characterized by compromised blood flow at the epicardial and microvascular levels. We have previously shown that thrombectomy in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) accelerates ST-segment resolution, possibly by preventing distal embolization. We hypothesized that thrombus constituents contribute to microcirculatory dysfunction. Therefore, we analyzed the molecular and cellular composition of acute coronary thrombi, and correlated vasoconstrictive mediators with the magnitude of ST-segment resolution within one hour of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Fresh coronary thrombi were retrieved in 35 consecutive STEMI patients who were treated with the X-Sizer thrombectomy catheter, and thrombus cell counts and vasoconstrictor concentrations were assessed. Twelve-lead ECG recordings were analyzed prior to and one hour after PCI. Concentration of endothelin (ET) was 20.0 (7.9-52.2) fmol/ml in thrombus compared with 0.1 (0.1-0.3) fmol/ml in corresponding peripheral plasma (p < 0.0001), representing a selective 280 (70.0-510.0)-fold enrichment, exceeding enrichment of noradrenaline, angiotensin II and serotonin. Human coronary thrombus homogenates exerted vasoconstriction of porcine coronary artery rings that was inhibited by the dual ET receptor blocker tezosentan. Extracted ET (r = 0.523 p = 0.026) and number of leukocytes (r = 0.555 p = 0.017) were correlated with the magnitude of ST-segment resolution. In conclusion, the amount of active ET and white blood cells aspirated from STEMI target vessels correlated with improvement of territorial microcirculatory function as illustrated by enhanced ST-segment resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Adlbrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
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Bonderman D, Skoro-Sajer N, Jakowitsch J, Adlbrecht C, Dunkler D, Taghavi S, Klepetko W, Kneussl M, Lang IM. Predictors of Outcome in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. Circulation 2007; 115:2153-8. [PMID: 17420352 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.661041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is characterized by intraluminal thrombus organization and fibrous obliteration of pulmonary arteries. Recently, associated medical conditions such as splenectomy, ventriculoatrial shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus, permanent central intravenous lines, inflammatory bowel disease, and osteomyelitis were found to be associated with the development of CTEPH. The study aim was to define the impact of these novel risk factors on survival.
Methods and Results—
Between January 1992 and December 2006, 181 patients diagnosed with CTEPH were tracked with the use of our center’s customized computer database. A Cox regression model was used to examine relations between survival and associated medical conditions, age, sex, hemodynamic parameters, modified New York Heart Association functional class at diagnosis, CTEPH type, pulmonary endarterectomy, and anti-cardiolipin antibodies/lupus anticoagulant. During a median observation time of 22.1 (range, 0.03 to 152) months, the clinical end point of cardiovascular death or lung transplantation occurred in 48 cases (27%). Pulmonary endarterectomy (hazard ratio, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.41;
P
=0.0003), associated medical conditions (hazard ratio, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.70 to 5.92;
P
=0.0003), and pulmonary vascular resistance (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.04;
P
=0.04) were predictors of survival. Thirty-day postoperative mortality (24% versus 9%) and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary hypertension (92% versus 20%) were substantially higher in patients with associated medical conditions.
Conclusions—
CTEPH-predisposing medical conditions, such as splenectomy, permanent central intravenous lines, and certain inflammatory disorders, predict poor survival in CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bonderman
- Departments of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Skoro-Sajer N, Bonderman D, Wiesbauer F, Harja E, Jakowitsch J, Klepetko W, Kneussl MP, Lang IM. Treprostinil for severe inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:483-9. [PMID: 17319903 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) results from non-resolving pulmonary thromboemboli that are resistant to plasmatic anticoagulation. Because of a secondary pulmonary arteriopathy accompanying major vessel obstruction, the disorder may be a target for vasodilator therapy. OBJECTIVES In an open-label uncontrolled study, we investigated the prostacyclin analog treprostinil given s.c. in patients with severe inoperable CTEPH. METHODS Between September 1999 and September 2005, 25 patients were included if their World Health Organization (WHO) functional class was III or IV, if their six-minute walking distance (6-MWD) RESULTS Treprostinil-treated patients demonstrated significant improvements in 6-MWD (P = 0.01), WHO functional class (P = 0.001), B-type brain natriuretic peptide plasma levels (P = 0.02), cardiac outputs (P = 0.007) and pulmonary vascular resistances (P = 0.01) after 19 +/- 6.3 months. Treprostinil plasma concentrations correlated with drug dose (P < 0.001), indicating stable absorption over time. Long-term survival was significantly better than in controls. CONCLUSIONS Treprostinil improves exercise capacity, hemodynamics and survival in patients with severe inoperable CTEPH. We speculate that the effects may be explained by a combined vasodilatory, platelet-antagonistic and potential antiproliferative action of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Skoro-Sajer
- Division of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Bonderman D, Nowotny R, Skoro-Sajer N, Jakowitsch J, Adlbrecht C, Klepetko W, Lang IM. Bosentan therapy for inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2005; 128:2599-603. [PMID: 16236930 DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.4.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bosentan, an oral endothelin (ET)-A/ET-B receptor antagonist, is effective in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and efficacy of bosentan therapy in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). DESIGN Case series. SETTING Pulmonary Hypertension Unit of the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. PATIENTS Sixteen patients (9 women and 7 men; mean age +/- SD, 70 +/- 13 years). INTERVENTION Off-label bosentan treatment over 6 months. MEASUREMENTS Changes from baseline in liver enzymes, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, 6-min walking distance (6-MWD), and serum amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP). RESULTS After 6 months, NYHA functional class improved by one class in 11 patients. Mean 6-MWDs increased from 299 +/- 131 m at baseline to 391 +/- 110 m at 6 months (p = 0.01). In parallel, proBNP decreased from 3,365 +/- 2,923 to 1,755 +/- 1,812 pg/mL (p = 0.01). Neither aspartate aminotransferase (25 +/- 2 U/L vs 25 +/- 2 U/L, p = 0.25) nor alanine aminotransferase (23 +/- 12 U/L vs 24 +/- 9 U/L, p = 0.57) changed significantly. Limitations of the study were uncontrolled design and small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a beneficial effect of the oral dual ET receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with inoperable CTEPH, urging the need for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bonderman
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Bonderman D, Turecek PL, Jakowitsch J, Weltermann A, Adlbrecht C, Schneider B, Kneussl M, Rubin LJ, Kyrle PA, Klepetko W, Maurer G, Lang IM. High prevalence of elevated clotting factor VIII in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Thromb Haemost 2003; 90:372-6. [PMID: 12958604 DOI: 10.1160/th03-02-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is an enigmatic disorder lacking signs, symptoms and classical risk factors for venous thromboembolism. The objective of the prospective case controlled study, carried out at the Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, University Hospital Vienna, Austria, was to investigate whether plasma FVIII is elevated in CTEPH patients. The study examined 122 consecutive patients diagnosed with CTEPH. Plasma FVIII was measured and compared with plasma FVIII of healthy controls (n = 82) and of patients with nonthromboembolic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, n = 88). Results show that CTEPH patients had higher FVIII levels than controls (233 +/- 83IU/dl versus 123 +/- 40IU/dl, p < 0.0001) and PAH patients (158 +/- 61IU/dl, p < 0.0001). Plasma FVIII one year after surgery (212 +/- 94IU/dl) was statistically unchanged compared with preoperative values (FVIII: 226 +/- 88IU/dl, n = 25). FVIII > 230IU/dl was more prevalent in CTEPH patients (41%) than in controls (5%, p < 0.0001) and PAH patients (22%, p = 0.022). We can conclude that elevated plasma FVIII is the first prothrombotic factor identified in a large proportion of CTEPH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bonderman
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Rosenhek R, Korschineck I, Gharehbaghi-Schnell E, Jakowitsch J, Bonderman D, Huber K, Czerny M, Schleef RR, Maurer G, Lang IM. Fibrinolytic balance of the arterial wall: pulmonary artery displays increased fibrinolytic potential compared with aorta. J Transl Med 2003; 83:871-6. [PMID: 12808122 DOI: 10.1097/01.lab.0000073127.46392.9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Classic pulmonary thromboembolism research has documented that large pulmonary thromboemboli lyse spontaneously, suggesting potent fibrinolytic activity in human pulmonary artery (Pa). This concept conflicts with published animal studies in which the proximal Pa was reported to be devoid of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) expression. The current study used in situ hybridization protocols to demonstrate t-PA expression in samples of human main Pa (n = 30). Real-time PCR was used to demonstrate quantitatively that the levels of t-PA transcripts were higher than those of its primary regulator [ie, plasminogen activator-inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)] in the Pa samples. Immunologic and functional assays extended these observations by demonstrating that levels of t-PA antigen were higher than PAI-1 antigen, which resulted in the detection of free t-PA activity. This contrasted with the fibrinolytic balance of matched samples of aorta (n = 6) in which PAI-1 transcripts and antigen values were higher than the corresponding t-PA values, and only M(r) 110 kDa t-PA-PAI-1 complexes could be detected in functional assays. To assess the relative fibrinolytic contribution of the endothelial cell layer, Pa endothelial cells and aortic endothelial cells were scraped and propagated in culture for 20 +/- 6 days. Pa endothelial cell-conditioned media revealed increased t-PA/PAI-1 antigen ratios. Taken together, our data indicate that the balance between t-PA and PAI-1 is shifted in human main Pa to favor net PA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Rosenhek
- Department of Cardiology, University of Vienna, and the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
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Kunz C, Narangajavana J, Jakowitsch J, Park YD, Delon TR, Kovarik A, Koukalová B, van der Winden J, Moscone E, Aufsatz W, Mette MF, Matzke M, Matzke AJM. Studies on the effects of a flanking repetitive sequence on the expression of single-copy transgenes in Nicotiana sylvestris and in N. sylvestris-N. tomentosiformis hybrids. Plant Mol Biol 2003; 52:203-15. [PMID: 12825700 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023937006311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To test the influence of a Nicotiana tomentosiformis repetitive sequence (R8.3) on transgene expression in N. sylvestris and in N. sylvestris-N. tomentosiformis hybrids, the R8.3 sequence was placed upstream of a nopaline synthase promoter (NOSpro)-NPTII reporter gene in a T-DNA construct. A number of transgenic N. sylvestris lines were produced and in most, the NPTII gene was expressed. In one line, however, the NPTII gene became silenced and methylated in the NOSpro region. The silenced locus was able to trans-inactivate and induce methylation of two stably expressed transgene loci comprising a similar construct. Nucleotide sequence analyses of the three transgene loci revealed that they each contained a single incomplete copy of the T-DNA, which had sustained deletions of varying sizes in the R8.3 region. Paradoxically, the R8.3 DNA upstream of the two active, unmethylated NOSpro-NPTII genes was highly methylated, whereas the R8.3 DNA upstream of the silenced, methylated NOSpro-NPTII gene was less methylated. The methylated portions of the R8.3 sequence corresponded to retroelement remnants. An active NOSpro-NPTII gene downstream of a nearly intact R8.3 sequence did not become methylated in N. sylvestris-N. tomentosiformis hybrids. Thus, methylation in the R8.3 sequence did not spread into adjoining transgene promoters and the effect of the R8.3 dispersed repeat family on transgene expression was negligible. The silencing phenomena observed with the three single-copy transgene loci are discussed in the context of other possible triggers of silencing.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Plant/chemistry
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- DNA, Plant/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Hybridization, Genetic
- Kanamycin Kinase/genetics
- Kanamycin Kinase/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Transgenes/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kunz
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Bonderman D, Teml A, Jakowitsch J, Adlbrecht C, Gyöngyösi M, Sperker W, Lass H, Mosgoeller W, Glogar DH, Probst P, Maurer G, Nemerson Y, Lang IM. Coronary no-reflow is caused by shedding of active tissue factor from dissected atherosclerotic plaque. Blood 2002; 99:2794-800. [PMID: 11929768 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.8.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defined angiographically, no-reflow (NR) manifests as an acute reduction in coronary flow in the absence of epicardial vessel obstruction. One candidate protein to cause coronary NR is tissue factor (TF), which is abundant in atherosclerotic plaque and a cofactor for activated plasma coagulation factor VII. Scrapings from atherosclerotic carotid arteries contained TF activity (corresponding to 33.03 +/- 13.00 pg/cm(2) luminal plaque surface). Active TF was sedimented, indicating that TF was associated with membranes. Coronary blood was drawn from 6 patients undergoing coronary interventions with the distal protection device PercuSurge GuardWire (Traatek, Miami, FL). Fine particulate material that was recovered from coronary blood showed TF activity (corresponding to 91.1 +/- 62.16 pg/mL authentic TF). To examine the role of TF in acute coronary NR, blood was drawn via a catheter from coronary vessels in 13 patients during NR and after restoration of flow. Mean TF antigen levels were elevated during NR (194.3 +/- 142.8 pg/mL) as compared with levels after flow restoration (73.27 +/- 31.90 pg/mL; P =.02). To dissect the effects of particulate material and purified TF on flow, selective intracoronary injection of atherosclerotic material or purified relipidated TF was performed in a porcine model. TF induced NR in the model, thus strengthening the concept that TF is causal, not just a bystander to atherosclerotic plaque material. The data suggest that active TF is released from dissected coronary atherosclerotic plaque and is one of the factors causing the NR phenomenon. Thus, blood-borne TF in the coronary circulation is a major determinant of flow.
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36
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Mette M, Kanno T, Aufsatz W, Jakowitsch J, van der Winden J, Matzke M, Matzke A. Endogenous viral sequences and their potential contribution to heritable virus resistance in plants. EMBO J 2002; 21:461-9. [PMID: 11823438 PMCID: PMC125834 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/21.3.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2001] [Revised: 10/16/2001] [Accepted: 11/27/2001] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco endogenous pararetroviruses (TEPRVs) represent the first virus-derived repetitive sequence family found in plants. The sequence conservation of TEPRVs and the lack of an exogenous form of the virus suggest that TEPRVs serve a beneficial function, perhaps by furnishing virus resistance via homologous sequence interactions. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that TEPRVs are methylated and negligibly transcribed. Moreover, transgenes driven by the TEPRV enhancer are silenced and methylated when introduced into tobacco, but remain active and unmethylated in non-host species devoid of sequences homologous to TEPRVs. In transgenic Arabidopsis, the TEPRV enhancer is active primarily in shoot meristems. This suggests that the virus giving rise to TEPRVs could infect germ cell precursors, a prerequisite for meiotically heritable insertions into host chromosomes. The copy number, organization and methylation of TEPRVs in tetraploid tobacco and one of its diploid ancestors, Nicotiana sylvestris, the presumed original host for the virus, have remained constant since polyploid formation. The remarkable conservation of these features in two independently evolving species further supports a role for TEPRVs in viral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M.A. Matzke
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Billrothstrasse 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
Corresponding author e-mail:
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Ma Y, Jakowitsch J, Maier TL, Bayer MG, Müller NE, Schenk HE, Löffelhardt W. ATP citrate lyase in the glaucocystophyte alga Cyanophora paradoxa is a cytosolic enzyme: characterisation of the gene for the large subunit at the cDNA and genomic levels. Mol Genet Genomics 2001; 266:231-8. [PMID: 11683264 DOI: 10.1007/s004380100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The single-copy gene for the large subunit of ATP citrate lyase (ACL) from the alga Cyanophora paradoxa was characterized at the cDNA and genome levels. The gene product showed high sequence similarity to its mammalian counterparts, but is smaller in size, as is also found for the fungal subunit Acl1 and, most probably, for the corresponding subunit from Arabidopsis thaliana. The C. paradoxa gene is interrupted by at least 12 introns of 53-65 bp with conserved border and branchpoint sequences, and the product lacks a stroma-targeting peptide. Enzyme activity was found in the cytosol of C. paradoxa but not in the plastid (cyanelle) fraction. This is in contrast to the subcellular distribution of ATP citrate lyases in higher plants, where both chloroplast and cytosolic enzymes have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie der Universität Wien and Ludwig-Boltzmann-Forschungsstelle für Biochemie, Vienna, Austria
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Matzke M, Mette MF, Jakowitsch J, Kanno T, Moscone EA, van der Winden J, Matzke AJ. A test for transvection in plants: DNA pairing may lead to trans-activation or silencing of complex heteroalleles in tobacco. Genetics 2001; 158:451-61. [PMID: 11333252 PMCID: PMC1461637 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/158.1.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To study whether DNA pairing that influences gene expression can take place in somatic plant cells, a system designed to mimic transvection was established in transgenic tobacco. Pairing was evaluated by testing whether an enhancerless GUS gene on one allele could be activated in trans by an enhancer on the second allele. The required heteroalleles were obtained at four genomic locations using Cre-lox-mediated recombination. In one transgenic line, elevated GUS activity was observed with the heteroallelic combination, suggesting that trans-activation occurred. Conversely, when the unaltered allele was homozygous, GUS activity dropped to hemizygous levels in a silencing phenomenon resembling dosage compensation. Double-stranded GUS RNAs or small GUS RNAs indicative of RNA-based silencing mechanisms were not detected in plants displaying reduced GUS activity. These results suggested that a transgene locus capable of pairing, as revealed by trans-activation, could also become silenced in an RNA-independent manner, thus linking DNA pairing and gene silencing. The transgene locus was complex and comprised an inverted repeat, which possibly potentiated allelic interactions. The locus was unable to trans-activate transgenes at ectopic sites, further implicating allelic pairing in the transvection effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matzke
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Billrothstrasse 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Matzke MA, Mette MF, Aufsatz W, Jakowitsch J, Matzke AJ. Host defenses to parasitic sequences and the evolution of epigenetic control mechanisms. Genetica 2000; 107:271-87. [PMID: 10952218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of transgene silencing effects in plants and other eukaryotic organisms has revealed novel mechanisms of epigenetic regulation that are based on recognition of nucleic acid sequence homology. These homology-dependent gene silencing phenomena are characterized by an inverse relationship between copy number of a particular sequence and expression levels. Depending on whether promoter regions or transcribed sequences are repeated, silencing occurs at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, respectively. Different silencing effects involving DNA-DNA or RNA-DNA associations in the nucleus, and RNA-RNA interactions in the cytoplasm appear to reflect distinct host defense responses to parasitic sequences, including transposable elements (TEs), viroids and RNA viruses. Natural epigenetic phenomena that resemble transgene silencing effects often involve endogenous genes comprising recognizable TE sequences or rearrangements generated by TEs and can thus be interpreted in terms of host defense systems. A genome defense that inactivates TEs by methylation might have been recruited during evolution to regulate the transcription of plant and vertebrate genes that contain remnants of TE insertions in promoter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Matzke
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Salzburg.
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Steiner JM, Serrano A, Allmaier G, Jakowitsch J, Löffelhardt W. Cytochrome c6 from Cyanophora paradoxa. Characterization of the protein and the cDNA of the precursor and import into isolated cyanelles. Eur J Biochem 2000; 267:4232-4241. [PMID: 10866828 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the eukaryotic alga Cyanophora paradoxa, which does not contain plastocyanin, photosynthetic electron transport from the cytochrome b6/f complex to photosystem I is mediated by cytochrome c6. Cytochrome c6 was purified to homogeneity by column chromatography and FPLC. The relative molecular mass of the holoprotein was determined by two different mass spectrometric methods (californium-252 plasma desorption and UV matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization) giving 9251 +/- 3.3 Da. N-terminal Edman microsequencing yielded information on approx. 30 amino acid residues. Based on these data and on highly conserved regions of cytochromes c6, degenerate oligonucleotides were designed and used for PCR to amplify the genomic DNA of C. paradoxa. Screening of a C. paradoxa cDNA library yielded several clones coding for preapo-cytochrome c6. The deduced sequence of the mature protein was verified by plasma desorption mass spectrometric peptide mapping and shows high similarity to those of cytochromes c6 from cyanobacteria and algae. Cytochrome c6 appears to be encoded by a single nuclear gene (petJ) in C. paradoxa. As the mature protein is located in the lumen of the thylakoid membrane, it has to traverse three biological membranes as well as the unique peptidoglycan layer of the cyanelles before it reaches its final subcellular locale. Thus the transit sequence is composed of two different targeting signals: a stroma targeting peptide resembling those of higher plants with respect to hydropathy plots and amino acid composition and a hydrophobic signal peptide functioning as a thylakoid-traversing domain. There are indications for alternative sorting of part of the cyanelle cytochrome c6 pool to the periplasmic space. This is the first known bipartite transit sequence of a cyanelle precursor protein from C. paradoxa, a model organism concerning the endosymbiotic origin of plastids. Labeled precursor is efficiently imported into isolated cyanelles, then routed into thylakoids and processed to the mature protein. Hitherto, in vitro protein translocation was not reported for cyanobacterial-type thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Steiner
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie der Universität Wien und Ludwig-Boltzmann-Forschungsstelle für Biochemie, der Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Jakowitsch J, Mette MF, van Der Winden J, Matzke MA, Matzke AJ. Integrated pararetroviral sequences define a unique class of dispersed repetitive DNA in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:13241-6. [PMID: 10557305 PMCID: PMC23932 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.23.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/1999] [Accepted: 09/16/1999] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although integration of viral DNA into host chromosomes occurs regularly in bacteria and animals, there are few reported cases in plants, and these involve insertion at only one or a few sites. Here, we report that pararetrovirus-like sequences have integrated repeatedly into tobacco chromosomes, attaining a copy number of approximately 10(3). Insertion apparently occurred by illegitimate recombination. From the sequences of 22 independent insertions recovered from a healthy plant, an 8-kilobase genome encoding a previously uncharacterized pararetrovirus that does not contain an integrase function could be assembled. Preferred boundaries of the viral inserts may correspond to recombinogenic gaps in open circular viral DNA. An unusual feature of the integrated viral sequences is a variable tandem repeat cluster, which might reflect defective genomes that preferentially recombine into plant DNA. The recurrent invasion of pararetroviral DNA into tobacco chromosomes demonstrates that viral sequences can contribute significantly to plant genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jakowitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Billrothstrasse 11 A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Jakowitsch J, Papp I, Moscone EA, van der Winden J, Matzke M, Matzke AJ. Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a transgene locus that induces silencing and methylation of homologous promoters in trans. Plant J 1999; 17:131-140. [PMID: 10074712 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1999.00357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One type of homology-dependent gene silencing in transgenic plants involves a silencing locus that is able to transcriptionally inactivate and methylate an unlinked target locus with which it shares sequence identity in promoter regions. In a manner resembling paramutation of endogenous genes, the target locus reactivates and loses methylation progressively over several generations after segregating away from the silencing locus, which autonomously acquires stable methylation. To investigate the origins of trans-silencing ability and susceptibility, we have analyzed the structures, flanking DNA sequences and chromosomal locations of a nopaline synthase promoter silencing locus, H2, and a sensitive target locus, K81. A partially resistant target locus, K alpha has been characterized molecularly. The complex and scrambled H2 locus comprises six copies of the nopaline synthase promoter, two of which are collinear with prokaryotic non-T-DNA sequences, and is integrated close to a region of intercalary heterochromatin. These features probably contribute collectively to the silencing ability because H2 subclones reintroduced into random locations in the K81 genome did not frequently induce silencing. Both the K81 and K alpha loci have simple structures, although the former contains non-T-DNA prokaryotic sequences that are also present at H2, and they are flanked by low copy plant DNA. H2 and K81 might interact effectively because they are present on morphologically similar chromosomes from the T subgenome of allotetraploid tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jakowitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Salzburg, Austria
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Jakowitsch J, Papp I, Matzke MA, Matzke AJ. Identification of a new family of highly repetitive DNA, NTS9, that is located predominantly on the S9 chromosome of tobacco. Chromosome Res 1998; 6:649-51. [PMID: 10099879 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009265713279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Jakowitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Salzburg, Austria
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Jakowitsch J, Neumann-Spallart C, Ma Y, Steiner J, Schenk HE, Bohnert HJ, Löffelhardt W. In vitro import of pre-ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase from Cyanophora paradoxa into cyanelles and into pea chloroplasts. FEBS Lett 1996; 381:153-5. [PMID: 8641427 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Using a novel cyanelle isolation procedure we showed that pre-ferredoxin-NADP+-oxidoreductase (pre-FNR) from C. paradoxa is translocated in vitro across the peptidoglycan-containing cyanelle envelope. Efficient import was also observed in a heterologous system with pea chloroplasts as the recipient organelles. These results support the conclusion derived from comparative analysis of plastid genome organization, that all plastids originate from a common semi-autonomous endosymbiotic ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jakowitsch
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie der Universität Wien und Ludwig-Boltzmann-Forschungsstelle für Biochemie, Austria
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Jakowitsch J, Bayer MG, Maier TL, Lüttke A, Gebhart UB, Brandtner M, Hamilton B, Neumann-Spallart C, Michalowski CB, Bohnert HJ. Sequence analysis of pre-ferredoxin-NADP(+)-reductase cDNA from Cyanophora paradoxa specifying a precursor for a nucleus-encoded cyanelle polypeptide. Plant Mol Biol 1993; 21:1023-1033. [PMID: 8490125 DOI: 10.1007/bf00023600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA clone for pre-ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) was obtained by screening a Cyanophora paradoxa expression library with antibodies specific for cyanelle FNR. The 1.4 kb transcript was derived from a single-copy gene. The precursor (41 kDa) and mature forms (34 kDa) of FNR were identified by western blotting of in vitro translation products and cyanelle extracts, respectively. The derived amino acid sequence of the mature form was corroborated by data from N-terminal protein sequencing and yielded identity scores from 58% to 62% upon comparison with cyanobacterial FNRs. Sequence conservation seemed to be even more pronounced in comparison with enzymes from higher plants, but using the neighbor joining method the C. paradoxa sequence was clearly positioned between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequences. The transit peptide of 65 or 66 amino acids appeared to be totally unrelated to those from spinach, pea and ice plant but showed overall characteristics of stroma-targeting peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jakowitsch
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Universität Wien, Austria
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Neumann-Spallart C, Jakowitsch J, Kraus M, Brandtner M, Bohnert HJ, Löffelhardt W. rps10, unreported for plastid DNAs, is located on the cyanelle genome of Cyanophora paradoxa and is cotranscribed with the str operon genes. Curr Genet 1991; 19:313-5. [PMID: 1907893 DOI: 10.1007/bf00355061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
rps10, encoding the plastid ribosomal protein S10, is a nuclear gene in higher plants and green algae, and is missing from the large ribosomal protein gene cluster of chlorophyll b-type plastids that contains components of the prokaryotic S10, spc and alpha operons. The cyanelle genome of Cyanophora paradoxa is shown to harbor rps10 as another specific feature of its organization. However, this novel plastid gene is not contiguous with the genes of the "S10" operon, but is adjacent to, and cotranscribed with, the str operon, a trait also found in archaebacteria.
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Neumann-Spallart C, Brandtner M, Kraus M, Jakowitsch J, Bayer MG, Maier TL, Schenk HE, Löffelhardt W. The petFI gene encoding ferredoxin I is located close to the str operon on the cyanelle genome of Cyanophora paradoxa. FEBS Lett 1990; 268:55-8. [PMID: 2116981 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)80971-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The petFI gene encoding ferredoxin I was localized in the large single copy region of cyanelle DNA by heterologous hybridization. Sequence analysis revealed an ORF of 99 amino acids (including the N-terminal processed methionine) at a position 477 bp from the 3' end of tufA but on the opposite strand. The 25 amino-terminal residues well corresponded to partial sequences obtained with purified cyanelle ferredoxin. The assignment of yet another gene that is not found on the genomes of chlorophyll b-type plastids to cyanelle DNA again corroborates the special position of cyanelles serving as a model for plastid evolution from endocytobiotic cyanobacteria.
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Janssen I, Jakowitsch J, Michalowski CB, Bohnert HJ, Löffelhardt W. Evolutionary relationship of psbA genes from cyanobacteria, cyanelles and plastids. Curr Genet 1989; 15:335-40. [PMID: 2507175 DOI: 10.1007/bf00419913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The psbA gene is part of the reaction center of photosystem II in cyanobacteria and the plastids of higher plants. Its primary sequence is highly conserved among all species investigated so far and its sequence shows homologies with the L and M subunits of the reaction center of photosynthetic bacteria. We have analyzed the psbA homolog from a eukaryotic alga, Cyanophora paradoxa, where the gene is encoded on cyanelle DNA. These cyanelles are surrounded by a murein sacculus and resemble cyanobacteria in many other characteristics, although they are genuine organelles that functionally replace plastids. Analysis of the gene revealed a psbA protein identical in length (360 codons) with the cyanobacterial counterpart. The overall sequence identity is, however, more pronounced between cyanelle psbA and the shorter (353 amino acids) psbA product found in higher plants. These data strongly support the postulated bridge position of cyanelles between chloroplasts and free-living cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Janssen
- Institut für Allgemeine Biochemie, Universität Wien, Austria
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