1
|
Słuczanowska-Głąbowska S, Jankowska O, Staniszewska M, Pawlik A. The Involvement of Semaphorins in the Pathogenesis of Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17235. [PMID: 38139064 PMCID: PMC10743238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins belong to a group of membrane and secretory proteins that act as ligands for several receptor families and are involved in modulating cell signaling pathways. They bind multimeric receptor complexes on the cell membrane to exert their effects and initiate unique intracellular signal transduction cascades. These proteins can influence several processes that are very important for cell function, such as cell division and differentiation. Semaphorins are involved in cell migration, apoptosis, cell adhesion, aggregation, and numerous immune processes due to their immunoregulatory effects. Semaphorins are expressed in keratinocytes, which is why they have become a target for studies on the pathogenesis of skin diseases. Most studies to date on the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases have been carried out in cellular or animal models, and there are few clinical studies evaluating the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis and therapy of skin diseases. In this narrative review, we summarized the current state of knowledge on the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases and their potential importance as targets for therapy. We also tried to present the key findings and weaknesses of previous research in this field. The novelty of this article lies in the comprehensive presentation of the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases, including the results of studies on cell cultures and animal models, elucidating the mechanisms and signaling pathways through which semaphorins affect the development of skin diseases, as well as on the presentation of the results of existing clinical trials evaluating the role of semaphorins in the pathogenesis of skin diseases, and as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.S.-G.); (O.J.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bica C, Tirpe A, Nutu A, Ciocan C, Chira S, Gurzau ES, Braicu C, Berindan-Neagoe I. Emerging roles and mechanisms of semaphorins activity in cancer. Life Sci 2023; 318:121499. [PMID: 36775114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins are regulatory molecules that are linked to the modulation of several cancer processes, such as angiogenesis, cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis, tumor growth, as well as cancer cell survival. Semaphorin (SEMA) activity depends on the cancer histotypes and their particularities. In broad terms, the effects of SEMAs result from their interaction with specific receptors/co-receptors - Plexins, Neuropilins and Integrins - and the subsequent effects upon the downstream effectors (e.g. PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK). The present article serves as an integrative review work, discussing the broad implications of semaphorins in cancer, focusing on cell proliferation/survival, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, stemness, and chemo-resistance/response whilst highlighting their heterogeneity as a family. Herein, we emphasized that semaphorins are largely implicated in cancer progression, interacting with the tumor microenvironment components. Whilst some SEMAs (e.g. SEMA3A, SEMA3B) function widely as tumor suppressors, others (e.g. SEMA3C) act as pro-tumor semaphorins. The differences observed in terms of the biological structure of SEMAs and the particularities of each cancer histotypes require that each semaphorin be viewed as a unique entity, and its roles must be researched accordingly. A more in-depth and comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms that promote and sustain the malignant behavior of cancer cells is of utmost importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bica
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Tirpe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania; Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Cristina Ciocan
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Eugen S Gurzau
- Cluj School of Public Health, College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 7 Pandurilor Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Environmental Health Center, 58 Busuiocului Street, 400240 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400337, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Termini CM, Pang A, Fang T, Roos M, Chang VY, Zhang Y, Setiawan NJ, Signaevskaia L, Li M, Kim MM, Tabibi O, Lin PK, Sasine JP, Chatterjee A, Murali R, Himburg HA, Chute JP. Neuropilin 1 regulates bone marrow vascular regeneration and hematopoietic reconstitution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6990. [PMID: 34848712 PMCID: PMC8635308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation and chemotherapy deplete hematopoietic stem cells and damage the vascular niche wherein hematopoietic stem cells reside. Hematopoietic stem cell regeneration requires signaling from an intact bone marrow (BM) vascular niche, but the mechanisms that control BM vascular niche regeneration are poorly understood. We report that BM vascular endothelial cells secrete semaphorin 3 A (SEMA3A) in response to myeloablation and SEMA3A induces p53 - mediated apoptosis in BM endothelial cells via signaling through its receptor, Neuropilin 1 (NRP1), and activation of cyclin dependent kinase 5. Endothelial cell - specific deletion of Nrp1 or Sema3a or administration of anti-NRP1 antibody suppresses BM endothelial cell apoptosis, accelerates BM vascular regeneration and concordantly drives hematopoietic reconstitution in irradiated mice. In response to NRP1 inhibition, BM endothelial cells increase expression and secretion of the Wnt signal amplifying protein, R spondin 2. Systemic administration of anti - R spondin 2 blocks HSC regeneration and hematopoietic reconstitution which otherwise occurrs in response to NRP1 inhibition. SEMA3A - NRP1 signaling promotes BM vascular regression following myelosuppression and therapeutic blockade of SEMA3A - NRP1 signaling in BM endothelial cells accelerates vascular and hematopoietic regeneration in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Termini
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amara Pang
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiancheng Fang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martina Roos
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vivian Y Chang
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yurun Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicollette J Setiawan
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lia Signaevskaia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mindy M Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Orel Tabibi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paulina K Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua P Sasine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Avradip Chatterjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Division of Immunology, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Heather A Himburg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John P Chute
- Division of Hematology & Cellular Therapy, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chuckran CA, Liu C, Bruno TC, Workman CJ, Vignali DA. Neuropilin-1: a checkpoint target with unique implications for cancer immunology and immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000967. [PMID: 32675311 PMCID: PMC7368550 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy established a new paradigm in cancer treatment: for certain patients curative treatment requires immune reinvigoration. Despite this monumental advance, only 20%–30% of patients achieve an objective response to standard of care immunotherapy, necessitating the consideration of alternative targets. Optimal strategies will not only stimulate CD8+ T cells, but concomitantly modulate immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), most notably regulatory T cells (Treg cells). In this context, the immunoregulatory receptor Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is garnering renewed attention as it reinforces intratumoral Treg cell function amidst inflammation in the TME. Loss of NRP1 on Treg cells in mouse models restores antitumor immunity without sacrificing peripheral tolerance. Enrichment of NRP1+ Treg cells is observed in patients across multiple malignancies with cancer, both intratumorally and in peripheral sites. Thus, targeting NRP1 may safely undermine intratumoral Treg cell fitness, permitting enhanced inflammatory responses with existing immunotherapies. Furthermore, NRP1 has been recently found to modulate tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Emerging data suggest that NRP1 restricts CD8+ T cell reinvigoration in response to checkpoint inhibitors, and more importantly, acts as a barrier to the long-term durability of CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor immunosurveillance. These novel and distinct regulatory mechanisms present an exciting therapeutic opportunity. This review will discuss the growing literature on NRP1-mediated immune modulation which provides a strong rationale for categorizing NRP1 as both a key checkpoint in the TME as well as an immunotherapeutic target with promise either alone or in combination with current standard of care therapeutic regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Chuckran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center and the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center and the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center and the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center and the Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dario Aa Vignali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA .,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Christie SM, Hao J, Tracy E, Buck M, Yu JS, Smith AW. Interactions between semaphorins and plexin-neuropilin receptor complexes in the membranes of live cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100965. [PMID: 34270956 PMCID: PMC8350011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling of semaphorin ligands via their plexin–neuropilin receptors is involved in tissue patterning in the developing embryo. These proteins play roles in cell migration and adhesion but are also important in disease etiology, including in cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. While some structures of the soluble domains of these receptors have been determined, the conformations of the full-length receptor complexes are just beginning to be elucidated, especially within the context of the plasma membrane. Pulsed-interleaved excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy allows direct insight into the formation of protein–protein interactions in the membranes of live cells. Here, we investigated the homodimerization of neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), plexin A2, plexin A4, and plexin D1 using pulsed-interleaved excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy. Consistent with previous studies, we found that Nrp1, plexin A2, and plexin A4 are present as dimers in the absence of exogenous ligand. Plexin D1, on the other hand, was monomeric under similar conditions, which had not been previously reported. We also found that plexin A2 and A4 assemble into a heteromeric complex. Stimulation with semaphorin 3A or semaphorin 3C neither disrupts nor enhances the dimerization of the receptors when expressed alone, suggesting that activation involves a conformational change rather than a shift in the monomer–dimer equilibrium. However, upon stimulation with semaphorin 3C, plexin D1 and Nrp1 form a heteromeric complex. This analysis of interactions provides a complementary approach to the existing structural and biochemical data that will aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies to target these receptors in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin Tracy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthias Buck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valentini E, Di Martile M, Del Bufalo D, D'Aguanno S. SEMAPHORINS and their receptors: focus on the crosstalk between melanoma and hypoxia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:131. [PMID: 33858502 PMCID: PMC8050914 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a condition of oxygen deprivation, is considered a hallmark of tumor microenvironment regulating several pathways and promoting cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Semaphorins, a family of about 20 secreted, transmembrane and GPI-linked glycoproteins, and their cognate receptors (plexins and neuropilins) play a pivotal role in the crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Many studies reported that some semaphorins are involved in the development of a permissive tumor niche, guiding cell-cell communication and, consequently, the development and progression, as well as the response to therapy, of different cancer histotypes, including melanoma. In this review we will summarize the state of art of semaphorins regulation by hypoxic condition in cancer with different origin. We will also describe evidence about the ability of semaphorins to affect the expression and activity of transcription factors activated by hypoxia, such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Finally, we will focus our attention on findings reporting the role of semaphorins in melanocytes transformation, melanoma progression and response to therapy. Further studies are necessary to understand the mechanisms through which semaphorins induce their effect and to shed light on the possibility to use semaphorins or their cognate receptors as prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets in melanoma or other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Valentini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Via Chianesi 53 (00144), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Expression of Semaphorin 3A in Malignant and Normal Bladder Tissue: Immunohistochemistry Staining and Morphometric Evaluation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020109. [PMID: 33546237 PMCID: PMC7913361 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) was shown to play a significant role in different neoplasms. In a previous study by our team, we showed that Sema3A is overexpressed in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC). In this study, we analyzed 43 specimens from patients with the entire spectrum of UC and compared them with samples from 14 normal urothelium using immunostaining and computerized morphometry. The results showed that patients with UC had intense Sema3A staining in the apical layer of the mucosa compared to patients without UC. Moreover, patients with higher grade UC showed intense Sema3A staining across all mucosal layers. Abstract Introduction: Our previous studies showed elevated levels of Semaphorin3a (Sema3A) in the urine of patients with urothelial cancer compared to healthy patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent of Sema3A expression in normal and malignant urothelial tissue using immune-staining microscopic and morphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven paraffin-embedded bladder samples were retrieved from our pathology archive and analyzed: 14 samples of normal urothelium, 21 samples containing low-grade urothelial carcinoma, 13 samples of patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma, 7 samples containing muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma, and 2 samples with pure urothelial carcinoma in situ. All samples were immunostained with anti Sema3A antibodies. The area of tissue stained with Sema3A and its intensity were analyzed using computerized morphometry and compared between the samples’ groups. Results: In normal bladder tissue, very light Sema3A staining was demonstrated on the mucosal basal layer and completely disappeared on the apical layer. In low-grade tumor samples, cells in the basal layer of the mucosa were also lightly stained with Sema3A, but Seama3A expression intensified upon moving apically, reaching its highest level on apical cells exfoliating to the urine. In high grade urothelial tumors, Seama3A staining was intense in the entire thickness of the mucosa. In samples containing carcinoma in situ, staining intensity was high and homogenous in all the neoplastic cells. Conclusions: Sema3A may be serve as a potential non-invasive marker of urothelial cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiao B, Liu S, Tan X, Lu P, Wang D, Xu H. Class-3 semaphorins: Potent multifunctional modulators for angiogenesis-associated diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111329. [PMID: 33545660 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins, the neuronal guidance cues, were shown to have broad influences on pathophysiological processes such as bone remodeling, immune responses, and angiogenesis. In particular, Class-3 Semaphorins (SEMA3) is considered a vital regulator involved in angiogenesis. Scientific evidence has pointed to the role of angiogenesis in many diseases, and numerous efforts have been made to explore the possibilities of curing those diseases by targeting angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the efficacies are limited owing to the complex mechanisms of angiogenesis. Hence, investigating the mechanisms of SEMA3 in angiogenesis may contribute to novel therapeutics for diseases. Previous reviews mainly focused on the various functions of semaphorins in one particular disease, and the specific angiogenesis mechanism of SEMA3 in diverse diseases has not been well elucidated. Additionally, the role of SEMA3 in angiogenesis remains elusive, as contradicting results have been found in different disease types. Some evidence from recent studies implies that, while most SEMA3 molecules inhibit pathological angiogenesis in different diseases, occasionally SEMA3 may also promote angiogenesis. This review summarizes the specific role of SEMA3 in a variety of angiogenesis-associated diseases, and documents SEMA3 may be a promising therapeutic target for treating angiogenesis-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiyang Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xi Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Pei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Danning Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lucarini G, Simonetti O, Lazzarini R, Giantomassi F, Goteri G, Offidani A. Vascular endothelial growth factor/semaphorin-3A ratio and SEMA3A expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:433-442. [PMID: 32516239 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breslow thickness and Clark level are still important factors for cutaneous melanoma, but do not provide a precise prognosis in all cases. It is necessary to find new factors capable of a more accurate prediction of the tumor course. Angiogenesis is essential for tumor development and progression and is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and semaphorins (SEMA), in particular, SEMA3A inhibits angiogenesis by affecting VEGF signaling. However, the prognostic role of angiogenetic factors remains unclear. To date, no information is available on SEMA3A in human melanoma. Microvessel density, immunohistochemical and mRNA VEGF and SEMA3A expression level in 60 thin (Breslow thickness ≤ 1.0 mm), 60 intermediate (1.1-4.0 mm) and 50 thick (>4.0 mm) primary human cutaneous melanomas were investigated and related to clinical/pathological parameters and disease-specific survival. No positive association between Breslow thickness, Clark level, metastasis presence and survival was identified; Clark level was poorly related to survival. VEGF and microvessel density were significantly higher in intermediate and thick melanomas and related to Breslow thickness and Clark level but not to metastasis status and survival. On the contrary, SEMA3A was significantly reduced in intermediate and thick melanomas and associated to metastasis and poor survival. VEGF/SEMA3A ratio was higher in the worst prognosis, resulting the most closely related factor with metastasis and survival. SEMA3A expression and VEGF/SEMA3A ratio turned out to be valuable prognostic biomarkers in patients affected by cutaneous melanoma, in particular with Breslow thickness >1 mm. SEMA3A might serve as a candidate tumor suppressor in cutaneous melanoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Federica Giantomassi
- Unit of Pathologic Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, United Ancona Hospitals, Torrette, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gaia Goteri
- Unit of Pathologic Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, United Ancona Hospitals, Torrette, Ancona, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang X, Shao S, Li L. Characterization of Class-3 Semaphorin Receptors, Neuropilins and Plexins, as Therapeutic Targets in a Pan-Cancer Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071816. [PMID: 32640719 PMCID: PMC7409005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Class-3 semaphorins (SEMA3s), initially characterized as axon guidance cues, have been recognized as key regulators for immune responses, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and drug responses. The functions of SEMA3s are attributed to the activation of downstream signaling cascades mainly mediated by cell surface receptors neuropilins (NRPs) and plexins (PLXNs), yet their roles in human cancers are not completely understood. Here, we provided a detailed pan-cancer analysis of NRPs and PLXNs in their expression, and association with key signal transducers, patient survival, tumor microenvironment (TME), and drug responses. The expression of NRPs and PLXNs were dysregulated in many cancer types, and the majority of them were further dysregulated in metastatic tumors, indicating a role in metastatic progression. Importantly, the expression of these genes was frequently associated with key transducers, patient survival, TME, and drug responses; however, the direction of the association varied for the particular gene queried and the specific cancer type/subtype tested. Specifically, NRP1, NRP2, PLXNA1, PLXNA3, PLXNB3, PLXNC1, and PLXND1 were primarily associated with aggressive phenotypes, whereas the rest were more associated with favorable prognosis. These data highlighted the need to study each as a separate entity in a cancer type- and subtype-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320B Lincoln Tower, 1800 Cannon Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shuai Shao
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43201, USA;
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 320B Lincoln Tower, 1800 Cannon Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kar F, Hacioglu C, Senturk H, Donmez DB, Kanbak G, Uslu S. Curcumin and LOXblock-1 ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion induced inflammation and acute kidney injury by suppressing the semaphorin-plexin pathway. Life Sci 2020; 256:118016. [PMID: 32603817 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is one of the most important causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), a clinical syndrome with kidney dysfunction and high mortality rates. New diagnostic biomarkers need to be defined to better illuminate the pathophysiology of AKI. For the first time, we aim to investigate the protective effects of Curcumin which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and 12/15 lipoxygenase inhibitor LOXblock-1 on I/R induced AKI by modulating inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, apoptosis and semaphorin-plexin pathway. MAIN METHODS The rats were divided into five groups, with eight animals per group: Sham, I/R, I/R + DMSO (1%, i.p.), I/R + Curcumin (100 mg/kg, i.p.), I/R + LOXblock-1 (2 μg/kg, i.p.). KEY FINDINGS The renal function biomarkers (BUN, CREA and UA) in serum were significantly increased in the I/R group. The inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1), apoptotic (CYCS and CASP3) and oxidative stress parameters (MDA, MPO, TAS and TOS) measured by ELISA were significantly increased in the I/R group. In histopathological analysis, it was observed that I/R caused serious damage to kidney tissue. SEMA3A was found to increase both serum level and mRNA expression in I/R group. It was observed that curcumin and LOXblock-1 reduce inflammatory processes, oxidative stress and apoptosis via the semaphorin-plexin pathway by both measurements and histopathological analysis. Curcumin was proved more effective than LOXblock-1 with its antioxidant feature in I/R injury. SIGNIFICANCE The current study reveals the protective effects of Curcumin and LOXblock-1 on acute kidney injury by suppressing SEMA3A as a new biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Senturk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Dilek Burukoglu Donmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Sema Uslu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rose M, Duhamel M, Aboulouard S, Kobeissy F, Le Rhun E, Desmons A, Tierny D, Fournier I, Rodet F, Salzet M. The Role of a Proprotein Convertase Inhibitor in Reactivation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Inhibition of Glioma Growth. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 17:31-46. [PMID: 32300641 PMCID: PMC7152595 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumors are characterized by the presence of malignant and non-malignant cells, such as immune cells including macrophages, which are preponderant. Macrophages impact the efficacy of chemotherapy and may lead to drug resistance. In this context and based on our previous work, we investigated the ability to reactivate macrophages by using a proprotein convertases inhibitor. Proprotein convertases process immature proteins into functional proteins, with several of them having a role in immune cell activation and tumorigenesis. Macrophages were treated with a peptidomimetic inhibitor targeting furin, PC1/3, PC4, PACE4, and PC5/6. Their anti-glioma activity was analyzed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics and viability assays in 2D and 3D in vitro cultures. Comparison with temozolomide, the drug used for glioma therapy, established that the inhibitor was more efficient for the reduction of cancer cell density. The inhibitor was also able to reactivate macrophages through the secretion of several immune factors with antitumor properties. Moreover, two proteins considered as good glioma patient survival indicators were also identified in 3D cultures treated with the inhibitor. Finally, we established that the proprotein convertases inhibitor has a dual role as an anti-glioma drug and anti-tumoral macrophage reactivation drug. This strategy could be used together with chemotherapy to increase therapy efficacy in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Rose
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.,Oncovet Clinical Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marie Duhamel
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Soulaimane Aboulouard
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emilie Le Rhun
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Annie Desmons
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Dominique Tierny
- Oncovet Clinical Research (OCR), SIRIC ONCOLille, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Franck Rodet
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), INSERM U1192, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nrp1 is Activated by Konjac Ceramide Binding-Induced Structural Rigidification of the a1a2 Domain. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020517. [PMID: 32102436 PMCID: PMC7072815 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Konjac ceramide (kCer) is a plant-type ceramide composed of various long-chain bases and α-hydroxyl fatty acids. The presence of d4t,8t-sphingadienine is essential for semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-like activity. Herein, we examined the three neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) domains (a1a2, b1b2, or c), and found that a1a2 binds to d4t,8t-kCer and possesses Sema3A-like activity. kCer binds to Nrp1 with a weak affinity of μM dissociation constant (Kd). We wondered whether bovine serum albumin could influence the ligand–receptor interaction that a1a2 has with a single high affinity binding site for kCer (Kd in nM range). In the present study we demonstrated the influence of bovine serum albumin. Thermal denaturation indicates that the a1a2 domain may include intrinsically disordered region (IDR)-like flexibility. A potential interaction site on the a1 module was explored by molecular docking, which revealed a possible Nrp1 activation mechanism, in which kCer binds to Site A close to the Sema3A-binding region of the a1a2 domain. The a1 module then accesses a2 as the IDR-like flexibility becomes ordered via kCer-induced protein rigidity of a1a2. This induces intramolecular interaction between a1 and a2 through a slight change in protein secondary structure.
Collapse
|
14
|
Neuropilin: Handyman and Power Broker in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1223:31-67. [PMID: 32030684 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35582-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 form a small family of transmembrane receptors, which, due to the lack of a cytosolic protein kinase domain, act primarily as co-receptors for various ligands. Performing at the molecular level both the executive and organizing functions of a handyman as well as of a power broker, they are instrumental in controlling the signaling of various receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and other molecules involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenic processes. In this setting, the various neuropilin ligands and interaction partners on various cells of the tumor microenvironment, such as cancer cells, endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells, are surveyed. The suitability of various neuropilin-targeting substances and the intervention in neuropilin-mediated interactions is considered as a possible building block of tumor therapy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chakraborty G, Armenia J, Mazzu YZ, Nandakumar S, Stopsack KH, Atiq MO, Komura K, Jehane L, Hirani R, Chadalavada K, Yoshikawa Y, Khan NA, Chen Y, Abida W, Mucci LA, Lee GSM, Nanjangud GJ, Kantoff PW. Significance of BRCA2 and RB1 Co-loss in Aggressive Prostate Cancer Progression. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:2047-2064. [PMID: 31796516 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous sequencing studies revealed that alterations of genes associated with DNA damage response (DDR) are enriched in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). BRCA2, a DDR and cancer susceptibility gene, is frequently deleted (homozygous and heterozygous) in men with aggressive prostate cancer. Here we show that patients with prostate cancer who have lost a copy of BRCA2 frequently lose a copy of tumor suppressor gene RB1; importantly, for the first time, we demonstrate that co-loss of both genes in early prostate cancer is sufficient to induce a distinct biology that is likely associated with worse prognosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We prospectively investigated underlying molecular mechanisms and genomic consequences of co-loss of BRCA2 and RB1 in prostate cancer. We used CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi-based methods to eliminate these two genes in prostate cancer cell lines and subjected them to in vitro studies and transcriptomic analyses. We developed a 3-color FISH assay to detect genomic deletions of BRCA2 and RB1 in prostate cancer cells and patient-derived mCRPC organoids. RESULTS In human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and LAPC4), loss of BRCA2 leads to the castration-resistant phenotype. Co-loss of BRCA2-RB1 in human prostate cancer cells induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, which is associated with invasiveness and a more aggressive disease phenotype. Importantly, PARP inhibitors attenuate cell growth in human mCRPC-derived organoids and human CRPC cells harboring single-copy loss of both genes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that early identification of this aggressive form of prostate cancer offers potential for improved outcomes with early introduction of PARP inhibitor-based therapy.See related commentary by Mandigo and Knudsen, p. 1784.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joshua Armenia
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ying Z Mazzu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mohammad O Atiq
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kazumasa Komura
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Urology, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lina Jehane
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rahim Hirani
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kalyani Chadalavada
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nabeela A Khan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gouri J Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen LH, Liao CY, Lai LC, Tsai MH, Chuang EY. Semaphorin 6A Attenuates the Migration Capability of Lung Cancer Cells via the NRF2/HMOX1 Axis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13302. [PMID: 31527696 PMCID: PMC6746772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental feature of cancer recurrence. Since recurrence is correlated with high mortality in lung cancer, it follows that reducing cell migration would decrease recurrence and increase survival rates. Semaphorin-6A (SEMA6A), a protein initially known as a regulator of axonal guidance, is down-regulated in lung cancer tissue, and low levels of SEMA6A are associated with cancer recurrence. Thus, we hypothesized that SEMA6A could suppress cancer cell migration. In this study, we found that the migration capability of H1299 lung cancer cells decreased with SEMA6A overexpression, while it increased with SEMA6A silencing. Moreover, silencing of the cellular homeostasis protein Heme-oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and/or the transcription factor Nuclear Factor, Erythroid-2-Like-2 (NRF2) reversed the migration-suppressing effect of SEMA6A and the SEMA6A-driven alterations in expression of urokinase insulin-like-growth-factor-binding-protein-3, Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP9, the downstream effectors of HMOX1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SEMA6A is a potential suppressor of cancer migration that functions through the NRF2/HMOX1 axis. Our results explain why low SEMA6A is linked to high recurrence in the clinical setting and suggest that SEMA6A could be useful as a biomarker or target in lung cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yu Liao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
MicroRNA-192-5p Promote the Proliferation and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell by Targeting SEMA3A. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 25:251-260. [PMID: 26580097 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Side population (SP) cells are a small subset of cells isolated from a cultured cancer cell line with characteristics similar to those of cancer stem cells, such as high metastatic and tumorigenic potentials. However, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear for the malignant properties of SP cells. In this study, SP cells were isolated by staining cultured HCCLM3 cells with fluorescent DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 and sorted by flow cytometry. The proportion of SP cells was 2.79%±0.19% in the HCCLM3 cell line. Compared with non-SP cells, SP cells possessed stronger capability of sphere formation and tumorigenicity, and expressed higher levels of CD133 and CD90. Then, we found that SP cells possessed 25 upregulated and 34 downregulated microRNAs with differences of >3-fold. As one of the upregulated microRNAs, miR-192-5p was computationally predicted to target semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A), a potent suppressor of tumor angiogenesis in various cancer models. Luciferase reporter assay showed that SEMA3A was a direct target of miR-192-5p. Overexpression of miR-192-5p promoted cell proliferation and metastasis targeting SEMA3A in HCCLM3 cells. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that SEMA3A expression was significantly reverse associated with metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. The results indicate that miR-192-5p contributes to targeting SEMA3A in HCCLM3 cells, and this may be used as a target in targeted therapy and a marker for cancer behavior and prognosis.
Collapse
|
18
|
Semaphorin 3A gets involved in the establishment of mouse tooth eruptive pathway. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:427-434. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
19
|
Karpuz T, Araz M, Korkmaz L, Kılınc I, Findik S, Karaagaç M, Eryilmaz MK, Artac M. The Prognostic Value of Serum Semaphorin3A and VEGF Levels in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2019; 51:491-497. [PMID: 31218581 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite new treatment options in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), new prognostic markers are still needed to determine optimal chemoregimen especially for anti-angiogenesis drugs. In this study, we evaluated the serum semaphorin and VEGF-A levels as prognostic factors in patients with mCRC. METHODS Patients with diagnosed mCRC who were treated with first-line bevacizumab plus chemotherapy were included in the study. Venous blood samples of 37 patients with metastatic colon cancer were taken, and serum semaphorin 3A and VEGF-A levels were studied in pre-treatment and the 1st and third months after the treatment was initiated. RESULTS Totally, 37 patients were enrolled in the study. The patients' mean age was 62 years. Twenty-eight (49%) of the patients were male, and 19 (51%) were female. Serum semaphorin3A (sema3A) levels of the patients were 5.4 ± 7.4 ng/ml before the treatment, 3.5 ± 3.3 ng/ml at the first month, and 3.5 ± 3.7 ng/ml at the third month. Serum VEGF-A levels were 27.7 ± 32.9 ng/l before the treatment, 23.1 ± 28.1 ng/l at the first month, and 28.9 ± 30.2 ng/l at the third month. There was no significant correlation between the survival and pre-treatment VEGF-A level (p = 0.064). Overall survival (OS) was statistically significantly higher in patients with pre-treatment semaphorin 3A levels below 5.4 ng/ml than higher than 5.4 ng/ml (10.5 months vs 4.5 months, respectively, HR 0.23, 95% CI 19.635-11,391, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Pre-treatment semaphorin 3A level can be a prognostic marker for the mCRC patients who were treated with bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Karpuz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Saraykoy Akyokus Street, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Araz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Saraykoy Akyokus Street, 42080, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Levent Korkmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Saraykoy Akyokus Street, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kılınc
- Department of Biochemistry, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Saraykoy Akyokus Street, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sidika Findik
- Department of Pathology, Saraykoy Akyokus Street, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, postal code, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Karaagaç
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Saraykoy Akyokus Street, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melek Karakurt Eryilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Saraykoy Akyokus Street, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Artac
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine, Saraykoy Akyokus Street, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schütz R, Rawlings A, Wandeler E, Jackson E, Trevisan S, Monneuse J, Bendik I, Massironi M, Imfeld D. Bio-derived hydroxystearic acid ameliorates skin age spots and conspicuous pores. Int J Cosmet Sci 2019; 41:240-256. [PMID: 30955220 PMCID: PMC6852045 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report on the preparation and efficacy of 10-hydroxystearic acid (HSA) that improves facial age spots and conspicuous pores. METHODS The hydration of oleic acid into HSA was catalyzed by the oleate hydratase from Escherichia coli. Following treatment with HSA, collagen type I and type III was assessed in primary human dermal fibroblasts together with collagen type III, p53 protein levels and sunburn cells (SBC) after UVB irradiation (1 J cm-2 ) by immunohistochemistry on human ex vivo skin. UVB-induced expression of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1) was determined from full thickness skin by RT-qPCR. Modification of the fibroblast secretome by HSA was studied by mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. In a full-face, double blind, vehicle-controlled trial HSA was assessed for its effects on conspicuous facial pore size and degree of pigmentation of age spots in Caucasian women over an 8-week period. RESULTS HSA was obtained in enantiomeric pure, high yield (≥80%). Collagen type I and type III levels were dose-dependently increased (96% and 244%; P < 0.01) in vitro and collagen type III in ex vivo skin by +57% (P < 0.01) by HSA. HSA also inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 gene expression (83%; P < 0.01) and mitigated SBC induction (-34% vs. vehicle control) and reduced significantly UV-induced p53 up-regulation (-46% vs. vehicle control; P < 0.01) in irradiated skin. HSA modified the fibroblast secretome with significant increases in proteins associated with the WNT pathway that could reduce melanogenesis and proteins that could modify dermal fibroblast activity and keratinocyte differentiation to account for the alleviation of conspicuous pores. Docking studies in silico and EC50 determination in reporter gene assays (EC50 5.5 × 10-6 M) identified HSA as a peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist. Clinically, HSA showed a statistically significant decrease of surface and volume of skin pores (P < 0.05) after 8 weeks of application and age spots became significantly less pigmented than the surrounding skin (contrast, P < 0.05) after 4 weeks. CONCLUSION HSA acts as a PPARα agonist to reduce the signs of age spots and conspicuous pores by significantly modulating the expression of p53, SBC, MMP-1 and collagen together with major changes in secreted proteins that modify keratinocyte, melanocyte and fibroblast cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Schütz
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | | | - E. Wandeler
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | - E. Jackson
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | | | | | - I. Bendik
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| | | | - D. Imfeld
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.KaiseraugstSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lavi N, Kessler O, Ziv K, Nir-Zvi I, Mumblat Y, Eiza N, Paran Y, Brenner B, Vadasz Z, Neufeld G. Semaphorin-3A inhibits multiple myeloma progression in a mouse model. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1283-1291. [PMID: 30102336 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that progression of multiple myeloma (MM) is associated with downregulation of semaphorin-3A (sema3A) expression in bone marrow endothelial cells. We therefore determined if serum sema3A concentrations are correlated with MM progression and if sema3A can affect MM progression. We find that the concentration of sema3A in sera of MM patients is strongly reduced and that the decrease is correlated with disease progression. A similar depletion is found in patients having acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia but not in cancer forms that do not involve the bone marrow such as in colon cancer. Expression of a modified sema3A [furin-resistant sema3A (FR-sema3A)] stabilized against cleavage by furin-like proprotein convertases in CAG MM cells did not affect their behavior in-vitro. CAG cells injected into the tail vein of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice home to the bone marrow and proliferate, mimicking MM disease progression. Disease progression in mice injected with CAG cells expressing FR-sema3A was inhibited, resulting in prolonged survival and a lower incidence of bone lesions. Histological examination and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed that FR-sema3A expression reduced the infiltration of the CAG cells into the bone marrow, reduced bone marrow necrosis and reduced angiogenesis induced by the MM cells in the bone marrow. Our results suggest that measurement of sema3A serum concentrations may be of use for the diagnosis and for the monitoring of malignancies of the bone marrow such as MM. Furthermore, our results suggest that FR-sema3A may perhaps find use as an inhibitor of MM disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Lavi
- Cancer Research Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofra Kessler
- Cancer Research Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Keren Ziv
- Cancer Research Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Nir-Zvi
- Cancer Research Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yelena Mumblat
- Cancer Research Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nasrene Eiza
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Paran
- Cancer Research Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Benjamin Brenner
- Cancer Research Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zahava Vadasz
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gera Neufeld
- Cancer Research Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Li R, Lin C, Qin Y, Ma S. Penalized integrative semiparametric interaction analysis for multiple genetic datasets. Stat Med 2019; 38:3221-3242. [PMID: 30993736 DOI: 10.1002/sim.8172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we consider a semiparametric additive partially linear interaction model for the integrative analysis of multiple genetic datasets. The goals are to identify important genetic predictors and gene-gene interactions and to estimate the nonparametric functions that describe the environmental effects at the same time. To find the similarities and differences of the genetic effects across different datasets, we impose a group structure on the regression coefficients matrix under the homogeneity assumption, ie, models for different datasets share the same sparsity structure, but the coefficients may differ across datasets. We develop an iterative approach to estimate the parameters of main effects, interactions and nonparametric functions, where a reparametrization of interaction parameters is implemented to meet the strong hierarchy assumption. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method in identification, estimation, and prediction in a series of numerical studies. We also apply the proposed method to the Skin Cutaneous Melanoma data and the lung cancer data from the Cancer Genome Atlas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,Statistical Consulting Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,Statistical Consulting Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Cunjie Lin
- Center for Applied Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,Statistical Consulting Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Qin
- Department of Operations, Business Analytics and Information Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinatti, Ohio
| | - Shuangge Ma
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.,Department of Biostatistics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Niland S, Eble JA. Neuropilins in the Context of Tumor Vasculature. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030639. [PMID: 30717262 PMCID: PMC6387129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 and Neuropilin-2 form a small family of plasma membrane spanning receptors originally identified by the binding of semaphorin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Having no cytosolic protein kinase domain, they function predominantly as co-receptors of other receptors for various ligands. As such, they critically modulate the signaling of various receptor tyrosine kinases, integrins, and other molecules involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological angiogenic processes. This review highlights the diverse neuropilin ligands and interacting partners on endothelial cells, which are relevant in the context of the tumor vasculature and the tumor microenvironment. In addition to tumor cells, the latter contains cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. Based on the prevalent neuropilin-mediated interactions, the suitability of various neuropilin-targeted substances for influencing tumor angiogenesis as a possible building block of a tumor therapy is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ding W, Cao Y, Xing F, Tao M, Fu H, Luo H, Yang X. A Preliminary Study of the Effect of Semaphorin 3A and Acitretin on the Proliferation, Migration, and Apoptosis of HaCaT Cells. Indian J Dermatol 2019; 64:250. [PMID: 31148871 PMCID: PMC6537688 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_179_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is significantly elevated in psoriatic patients and is associated with the severity of the psoriasis. Due to the effect of inhibiting production of VEGF, acitretin can effectively treat psoriasis. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) restrain tumor growth and angiogenesis by partially reversing VEGF effects on tumor. However, the role of Sema3A in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is unclear. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of VEGF, Sema3A, and acitretin on HaCaT cells, to see whether Sema3A could be a beneficial factor in psoriasis, as well as acitretin. Materials and Methods: Functional analysis of VEGF, Sema3A, and acitretin was carried out using HaCaT cells cultured under different treatments. Cell counting kit-8 method, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, transwell migration, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot test were performed to measure proliferation, colony formation, migration, apoptosis, and the expression of Bcl2, Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9 of HaCaT cells. Results: Sema3A and acitretin inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of HaCaT cells, while induced the apoptosis of HaCaT cells by inhibiting the expression of Bcl2, and promoting the expression of Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9, which were opposite to VEGF. Sema3A and acitretin partially reversed the function of VEGF. Conclusions: Like acitretin, exogenous supplement of Sema3A may correct the abnormal proliferation and apoptosis procedure of HaCaT cells, and partially reverse the function of VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengling Xing
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maocan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyang Fu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parsa S, Sharifzadeh S, Monabati A, Seyyedi N, Ranjbaran R, Baghbani MR, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh A. Overexpression of Semaphorin-3A and Semaphorin-4D in the Peripheral Blood from Newly Diagnosed Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2019; 13:25-34. [PMID: 31205625 PMCID: PMC6557972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Semaphorins play prominent roles in physiological and pathological processes such as vascular development, tumor growth and immune responses. Semaphorins have different roles in various kinds of cancers, but there is no study concerning their expression in the chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This study aimed to assess the SEMA3A, SEMA4A and SEMA4D expression in patients with CLL. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood specimens were collected from 30 newly-diagnosed untreated patients with CLL and 30 healthy subjects as a control group. The SEMA3A, SEMA4A and SEMA4D expression was determined by real-time PCR method. Results: The fold change expression of SEMA3A and SEMA4D was 7.58 ± 2.66 and 3.20 ± 0.99 in patients with CLL, and was 1.01 ± 0.31 and 1.00 ± 0.27 in healthy subjects, respectively. The CLL patients expressed higher amounts of SEMA3A and SEMA4D in comparison with healthy subjects (P<0.02 and P<0.03, respectively). The fold change expression of SEMA3A in patients with stage II (11.12 ± 5.35) was also higher than patients with stage I (4.49 ± 1.61, P<0.05). No significant difference was also observed in the expression of SEMA4A and SEMA4D between patients with stage I and stage II CLL. In both CLL and control groups, the fold change expression of SEMA3A was higher in men than in women (P<0.03 and P<0.02, respectively). Conclusion: The results of the study indicated elevated expression of the SEMA3A and SEMA4D in patients with CLL. The SEMA3A expression was influenced by tumor stage and gender of participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Parsa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sharifzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory Science and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Monabati
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Noorossadat Seyyedi
- Diagnostic Laboratory Science and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbaran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Science and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Baghbani
- Diagnostic Laboratory Science and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee CCW, Munuganti RSN, Peacock JW, Dalal K, Jiao IZF, Shepherd A, Liu L, Tam KJ, Sedgwick CG, Bhasin S, Lee KCK, Gooding L, Vanderkruk B, Tombe T, Gong Y, Gleave ME, Cherkasov A, Ong CJ. Targeting Semaphorin 3C in Prostate Cancer With Small Molecules. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:1381-1394. [PMID: 30534631 PMCID: PMC6280316 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the amenability of early-stage prostate cancer to surgery and radiation therapy, locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer is clinically problematic. Chemical castration is often used as a first-line therapy for advanced disease, but progression to the castration-resistant prostate cancer phase occurs with dependable frequency, largely through mutations to the androgen receptor (AR), aberrant AR signaling, and AR-independent mechanisms, among other causes. Semaphorin 3C (SEMA3C) is a secreted signaling protein that is essential for cardiac and neuronal development and has been shown to be regulated by the AR, to drive epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stem features in prostate cells, to activate receptor tyrosine kinases, and to promote cancer progression. Given that SEMA3C is linked to several key aspects of prostate cancer progression, we set out to explore SEMA3C inhibition by small molecules as a prospective cancer therapy. A homology-based SEMA3C protein structure was created, and its interaction with the neuropilin (NRP)-1 receptor was modeled to guide the development of the corresponding disrupting compounds. Experimental screening of 146 in silico‒identified molecules from the National Cancer Institute library led to the discovery of four promising candidates that effectively bind to SEMA3C, inhibit its association with NRP1, and attenuate prostate cancer growth. These findings provide proof of concept for the feasibility of inhibiting SEMA3C with small molecules as a therapeutic approach for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung C W Lee
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - James W Peacock
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kush Dalal
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ivy Z F Jiao
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley Shepherd
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liangliang Liu
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin J Tam
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin G Sedgwick
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Satyam Bhasin
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin C K Lee
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luke Gooding
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin Vanderkruk
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tabitha Tombe
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yifan Gong
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Ong
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Semaphorin 5A drives melanoma progression: role of Bcl-2, miR-204 and c-Myb. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:278. [PMID: 30454024 PMCID: PMC6245779 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, is characterized by high rates of metastasis, drug resistance and mortality. Here we investigated the role of Semaphorin 5A (Sema5A) on the properties associated with melanoma progression and the factors involved in Sema5A regulation. Methods Western blotting, qRT-PCR, Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, immunohistochemistry of melanoma patient specimens and xenograft tissues, in vitro Transwell assay for cell migration and invasion evaluation, in vitro capillary-like structure formation analysis. Results A significant correlation of Sema5A mRNA expression and melanoma progression was observed by analyzing GEO profile dataset. Endogenous Sema5A protein was detected in 95% of human melanoma cell lines tested, in 70% of metastatic specimens from patients affected by melanoma, and 16% of in situ melanoma specimens showed a focal positivity. We demonstrated that Sema5A regulates in vitro cell migration and invasion and the formation of vasculogenic structures. We also found an increase of Sema5A at both mRNA and protein level after forced expression of Bcl-2. By use of transcriptional and proteasome inhibitors, we showed that Bcl-2 increases the stability of Sema5A mRNA and protein. Moreover, by ChIP we demonstrated that Sema5A expression is under the control of the transcription factor c-Myb and that c-Myb recruitment on Sema5A promoter is increased after Bcl-2 overexpression. Finally, a concomitant decrease in the expression of Sema5A, Bcl-2 and c-Myb proteins was observed in melanoma cells after miR-204 overexpression. Conclusion Overall our data provide evidences supporting the role of Sema5A in melanoma progression and the involvement of Bcl-2, miR-204 and c-Myb in regulating its expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0933-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bidirectional regulation of bone formation by exogenous and osteosarcoma-derived Sema3A. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6877. [PMID: 29720701 PMCID: PMC5932056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a secreted member of the Semaphorin family, increases osteoblast differentiation, stimulates bone formation and enhances fracture healing. Here, we report a previously unknown role of Sema3A in the regulation of ectopic bone formation and osteolysis related to osteosarcoma. Human recombinant (exogenous) Sema3A promoted the expression of osteoblastic phenotype in a panel of human osteosarcoma cell lines and inhibited the ability of these cells to migrate and enhance osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In vivo, administration of exogenous Sema3A in mice after paratibial inoculation of KHOS cells increased bone volume in non-inoculated and tumour-bearing legs. In contrast, Sema3A overexpression reduced the ability of KHOS cells to cause ectopic bone formation in mice and to increase bone nodule formation by engaging DKK1/β-catenin signalling. Thus, Sema3A is of potential therapeutic efficacy in osteosarcoma. However, inhibition of bone formation associated with continuous exposure to Sema3A may limit its long-term usefulness as therapeutic agent.
Collapse
|
29
|
Hei Yuan HS, Katyal S, Anderson JE. A mechanism for semaphorin-induced apoptosis: DNA damage of endothelial and myogenic cells in primary cultures from skeletal muscle. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22618-22630. [PMID: 29854302 PMCID: PMC5978252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One hallmark of cancer is its ability to recruit a vascular supply to support rapid growth. Suppression of angiogenesis holds potential as a second-line or adjuvant therapy to stunt cancer growth, progression, metastasis, and post-resection regeneration. To begin to test the hypothesis that semaphorin 3A and 3F together, will induce endothelial cell apoptosis by inducing DNA damage, mixed primary cultures isolated from normal adult mouse skeletal muscle were treated for 48 hr with Sema3A ± Sema3F (100ng/mL). Changes in surviving-cell density, DNA synthesis, DNA repair (gamma-Histone 2AX, γH2AX, an indirect measure for DNA damage), and apoptotic DNA fragmentation (TUNEL staining) were assayed in cultures of CD31+ endothelial and desmin+ muscle cells. Sema3F increased DNA damage-associated DNA repair in both cell types. Co-treatment with Sema3A+3F increased γH2AX staining ~25-fold over control levels, and further increased apoptosis compared to control and Sema3A alone. Results were negated by treatment with neutralizing anti-semaphorin antibodies and are interpreted as suggesting that Sema3A may sensitize endothelial but not muscle cells to Sema3F-induced DNA damage. These preliminary findings on a complex system of interacting cells may contribute to developing applications that could target angiogenic regulatory mechanisms for their therapeutic potential against cancer progression and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haynes Shek Hei Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba, Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sachin Katyal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba, Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Judy E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu L, Wang J, Song X, Zhu Q, Shen S, Zhang W. Semaphorin 3A promotes osteogenic differentiation in human alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3489-3494. [PMID: 29545873 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) in the osteogenic differentiation of human alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hABMMSCs). To investigate whether Sema3A affects hABMMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, a stable Sema3A-overexpression cell line was generated by infection with the pAdCMV-SEMA3A-MCS-EGFP vector. Cell counting kit-8 and clone formation assays were performed to determine the proliferation ability of hABMMSCs, while cell osteogenic differentiation was assayed using Alizarin Red S staining. In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect the mRNA expression level of osteogenesis-associated genes, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (Opn) and osteocalcin (Ocn), during the osteogenic differentiation. The results revealed that, compared with the normal control group, the cell morphology of the infected cells was stable and no significant alterations were observed. Overexpression of Sema3A in hABMMSCs significantly increased the cell proliferation ability compared with the control group. Furthermore, the Alizarin Red S staining assay results indicated that the ossification process of hABMMSCs overexpressing Sema3A was evidently faster in comparison with that of the control group cells. Overexpression of Sema3A by pAdCMV-SEMA3A-MCS-EGFP infection also significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of the osteogenic marker genes Runx2, Opn and Ocn. In conclusion, Sema3A was observed to be a key positive regulator in hABMMSC osteogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qingping Zhu
- Department of Very Important People (VIP), Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Shen
- Department of Very Important People (VIP), Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Very Important People (VIP), Research Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Stomatological Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang C, Wang Y, Huang JH, Liu W. Sema3A drastically suppresses tumor growth in oral cancer Xenograft model of mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:55. [PMID: 28683823 PMCID: PMC5501443 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple studies suggest anti-angiogenesis to be a promising and rational option in cancer treatment. Interestingly, the axonal sprouting inhibitor semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), a potent suppressor of tumor angiogenesis in various cancer models, is lowly expressed in human oral cancer. Thus, we hypothesized that overexpression of Sema3A in human oral cancer cells may have potential therapeutic effects. Methods The LentiSema3A-EGFP was first constructed and transduced to the tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line SSC-9. Angiogenesis assay was performed with endothelial cell tube formation assay and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Tumor xenografts model was used to evaluate the effect of Sema3a on the tumor growth. Finally, western blot was performed to study the mechanisms of inhibiting angiogenesis by Sema3A. Results In vitro and in vivo approaches revealed that Sema3A significantly inhibited tube formation of endothelial cells and reduced angiogenesis in CAM assay. In addition, overexpression of Sema3A in the tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line SSC-9 resulted in significantly reduced angiogenesis and drastically suppressed tumor growth in mice. Mechanistically, Sema3A inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGFR2, as well as Src and FAK, downstream of the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that overexpression of Sema3A in oral cancer cells drastically suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis. Our findings provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutics in the management of oral cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Oral Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
| | - Weixian Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rienks M, Carai P, Bitsch N, Schellings M, Vanhaverbeke M, Verjans J, Cuijpers I, Heymans S, Papageorgiou A. Sema3A promotes the resolution of cardiac inflammation after myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:42. [PMID: 28540528 PMCID: PMC5443852 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Optimal healing after myocardial infarction requires not only the induction of inflammation, but also its timely resolution. In patients, 30 days post myocardial infarction, circulating monocytes have increased expression of Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) as compared to directly after admission. This increased expression coincides with increased expression of Cx3CR1—a marker of non-classical monocytes that are important for immune resolution hence proper wound healing. In mice, the expression of Sema3A also increases in response to myocardial ischemia being expressed by infiltrating leukocytes. Comparing Sema3A heterozygote (HZ) and wild type (WT) mice post myocardial infarction, revealed increased presence of leukocytes in the cardiac tissues of HZ mice as compared to WT, with no differences in capillary density, collagen deposition, cardiomyocyte surface area, chemokine—or adhesion molecules expression. Whilst infarct sizes were similar 14 days after myocardial infarction in both genotypes, Sema3A HZ mice had thinner infarcts and reduced cardiac function as compared to their WT littermates. In vitro experiments were conducted to study the role of Sema3A in inflammation and resolution of inflammation as a potential explanation for the differences in leukocyte recruitment and cardiac function observed in our in vivo experiments. Here, recombinant Sema3A protein was able to affect the pro-inflammatory state of cultured bone marrow derived macrophages. First, the pro-inflammatory state was altered by the induced apoptosis of classical macrophages in the presence of Sema3A. Second, Sema3A promoted the polarization of classical macrophages to resolution-phase macrophages and enhanced their efferocytotic ability, findings that were reflected in the infarcted cardiac tissue of the Sema3A HZ mice. Finally, we demonstrated that besides promoting resolution of inflammation, Sema3A was also able to retard the migration of monocytes to the myocardium. Collectively our data demonstrate that Sema3A reduces cardiac inflammation and improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction by promoting the resolution of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Rienks
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Paolo Carai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicole Bitsch
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Schellings
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Verjans
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ilona Cuijpers
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Papageorgiou
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Z, Chen J, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Liu L, Wu H, Ye J, Zhang W, Qi B, Wu Y, Song X. Axon guidance molecule semaphorin3A is a novel tumor suppressor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6048-62. [PMID: 26755661 PMCID: PMC4868739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin3A (SEMA3A), an axon guidance molecule in the nervous system, plays an inhibitory role in oncogenesis. Here, we investigated the expression pattern and biological roles of SEMA3A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by gain-of-function assays using adenovirus transfection and recombinant human SEMA3A protein. In addition, we explored the therapeutic efficacy of SEMA3A against HNSCC in vivo. We found that lower expression of SEMA3A correlated with shorter overall survival and had independent prognostic importance in patients with HNSCC. Both genetic and recombinant SEMA3A protein inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis, accompanied by decreased cyclin E, cyclin D, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 and increased P21, P27, activated caspase-5 and caspase-7. Moreover, over-expression of SEMA3A suppressed migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition due in part to the inhibition of NF-κB and SNAI2 in HNSCC cell lines. Furthermore, intratumoral SEMA3A delivery significantly stagnated tumor growth in a xenograft model. Taken together, our results indicate that SEMA3A serves as a tumor suppressor during HNSCC tumorigenesis and a new target for the treatment of HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zilu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Heming Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinhai Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yunong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Semaphorin 3A Increases FAK Phosphorylation at Focal Adhesions to Modulate MDA-MB-231 Cell Migration and Spreading on Different Substratum Concentrations. Int J Breast Cancer 2017; 2017:9619734. [PMID: 28182100 PMCID: PMC5274681 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9619734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between integrin-mediated adhesions and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are important regulators of cell migration and spreading. However, mechanisms by which extracellular ligands regulate cell migration and spreading in response to changes in substratum concentration are not well understood. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) has been shown to inhibit cell motility and alter integrin signaling in various cell types. We propose that Sema3A alters focal adhesions to modulate breast carcinoma cell migration and spreading on substrata coated with different concentrations of ECM. We demonstrate that Sema3A inhibits MDA-MB-231 cell migration and spreading on substrata coated with high concentrations of collagen and fibronectin but enhances migration and spreading at lower concentrations of collagen and fibronectin. Sema3A increases focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation at tyrosine 397 (pFAK397) at focal adhesions on all substratum concentrations of collagen and fibronectin but decreased pFAK397 levels on laminin. Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibition blocks the Sema3A-mediated effects on cell migration, spreading, and pFAK397 at focal adhesions when cultured on all concentrations of collagen. These results suggest that Sema3A shifts the optimal level of cell-matrix adhesions to a nonoptimal ECM coating concentration, in particular collagen, to yield maximal cell migration and spreading that may be mediated through a ROCK-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
|
35
|
Neufeld G, Mumblat Y, Smolkin T, Toledano S, Nir-Zvi I, Ziv K, Kessler O. The role of the semaphorins in cancer. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:652-674. [PMID: 27533782 PMCID: PMC5160032 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1197478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors, but have subsequently been implicated also in the regulation of immune responses, angiogenesis, organ formation, and a variety of additional physiological and developmental functions. The semaphorin family contains more then 20 genes divided into 7 subfamilies, all of which contain the signature sema domain. The semaphorins transduce signals by binding to receptors belonging to the neuropilin or plexin families. Additional receptors which form complexes with these primary semaphorin receptors are also frequently involved in semaphorin signaling. Recent evidence suggests that semaphorins also fulfill important roles in the etiology of multiple forms of cancer. Some semaphorins have been found to function as bona-fide tumor suppressors and to inhibit tumor progression by various mechanisms while other semaphorins function as inducers and promoters of tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gera Neufeld
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yelena Mumblat
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tatyana Smolkin
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shira Toledano
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Nir-Zvi
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Keren Ziv
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofra Kessler
- Cancer Research and Vascular Biology Center, The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yamada D, Takahashi K, Kawahara K, Maeda T. Autocrine Semaphorin3A signaling is essential for the maintenance of stem-like cells in lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:375-379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
37
|
Neufeld G, Mumblat Y, Smolkin T, Toledano S, Nir-Zvi I, Ziv K, Kessler O. The semaphorins and their receptors as modulators of tumor progression. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 29:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
38
|
Yamada D, Watanabe S, Kawahara K, Maeda T. Plexin A1 signaling confers malignant phenotypes in lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:75-80. [PMID: 27717823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant changes to several signaling pathways because of genetic mutations or increased cytokine production are critical for tumor cells to become malignant. Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) acts as a bivalent factor that suppresses or promotes tumor development in different pathological backgrounds. Previously, we showed that SEMA3A positively regulated the proliferative and glycolytic activities of mouse-derived Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Plexins A1-A4 (PLXNA1-PLXNA4) are SEMA3A receptors; however, it is not known which subtype is critical for oncogenic SEMA3A signaling. We used LLC cells to investigate the role of PLXNA1 in oncogenic SEMA3A signaling. Using short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown, we investigated the effects of constitutive inhibition of Plxna1 on cell proliferation, metabolic dependency, and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) sensitivity. We found that Plxna1 knockdown did not affect apoptosis but resulted in decreased cell proliferation and reductions in mRNA expression levels of proliferation-marker genes, such as Ccnd1, Pcna, and Myc. In addition, we found decreased mRNA expression levels of glycolysis-associated genes, such as Pkm2 and Ldha, and decreased lactate production. In contrast, we found no changes in the mRNA expression levels of oxidative phosphorylation-associated genes, such as Cycs, Cox5a, and Atp5g1. We found that Plxna1 knockdown conferred resistance to glucose starvation but increased cytotoxicity to oligomycin. Plxna1 or Sema3a knockdown caused an increased sensitivity to the EGFR-TKIs gefitinib and erlotinib, in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. These findings demonstrate that PLXNA1 mediates the acquisition of malignant phenotypes induced by autocrine SEMA3A signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, 265-1 Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yamada D, Kawahara K, Maeda T. mTORC1 is a critical mediator of oncogenic Semaphorin3A signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:475-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
40
|
Mirzaei H, Naseri G, Rezaee R, Mohammadi M, Banikazemi Z, Mirzaei HR, Salehi H, Peyvandi M, Pawelek JM, Sahebkar A. Curcumin: A new candidate for melanoma therapy? Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1683-95. [PMID: 27280688 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma remains among the most lethal cancers and, in spite of great attempts that have been made to increase the life span of patients with metastatic disease, durable and complete remissions are rare. Plants and plant extracts have long been used to treat a variety of human conditions; however, in many cases, effective doses of herbal remedies are associated with serious adverse effects. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol that shows a variety of pharmacological activities including anti-cancer effects, and only minimal adverse effects have been reported for this phytochemical. The anti-cancer effects of curcumin are the result of its anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic and immunomodulatory properties. At the molecular and cellular level, curcumin can blunt epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and affect many targets that are involved in melanoma initiation and progression (e.g., BCl2, MAPKS, p21 and some microRNAs). However, curcumin has a low oral bioavailability that may limit its maximal benefits. The emergence of tailored formulations of curcumin and new delivery systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles and phospholipid complexes has led to the enhancement of curcumin bioavailability. Although in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that curcumin and its analogues can be used as novel therapeutic agents in melanoma, curcumin has not yet been tested against melanoma in clinical practice. In this review, we summarized reported anti-melanoma effects of curcumin as well as studies on new curcumin formulations and delivery systems that show increased bioavailability. Such tailored delivery systems could pave the way for enhancement of the anti-melanoma effects of curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Naseri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of pharmaceutical biotechnology, Faculty of pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Zarrin Banikazemi
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Peyvandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - John M Pawelek
- Department of Dermatology and the Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yamada D, Kawahara K, Ozaki M, Maeda T. Tumor cell-derived secretory factor downregulates Semaphorin-3a in osteoblasts by activating mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:942-4. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1136881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We found that conditioned medium derived from Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells down-regulated Semaphorin3a (Sema3a) mRNA expression and increased the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, mTORC1 inhibition with rapamycin counteracted the effect of conditioned media on Sema3a mRNA expression. These results suggest that tumor cells decrease Sema3a mRNA expression in osteoblast in an mTORC1-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masanobu Ozaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takehiko Maeda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Huang C, Wang Y, Huang JH, Zhang J, Wang Z, Liu W. WITHDRAWN: Lentiviral Mediated Overexpression of Sema3A in Oral Cancer Cells Decreases Tumor Growth by Inhibiting Angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015:S0006-291X(15)30081-4. [PMID: 26051279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Oral Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Key Laboratory of Surgery of Liaoning Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Liiaoning Medical University, Jinzhou China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Department of Key Laboratory of Surgery of Liaoning Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Liiaoning Medical University, Jinzhou China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Weixian Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Loginov VI, Dmitriev AA, Senchenko VN, Pronina IV, Khodyrev DS, Kudryavtseva AV, Krasnov GS, Gerashchenko GV, Chashchina LI, Kazubskaya TP, Kondratieva TT, Lerman MI, Angeloni D, Braga EA, Kashuba VI. Tumor Suppressor Function of the SEMA3B Gene in Human Lung and Renal Cancers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123369. [PMID: 25961819 PMCID: PMC4427300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SEMA3B gene is located in the 3p21.3 LUCA region, which is frequently affected in different types of cancer. The objective of our study was to expand our knowledge of the SEMA3B gene as a tumor suppressor and the mechanisms of its inactivation. In this study, several experimental approaches were used: tumor growth analyses and apoptosis assays in vitro and in SCID mice, expression and methylation assays and other. With the use of the small cell lung cancer cell line U2020 we confirmed the function of SEMA3B as a tumor suppressor, and showed that the suppression can be realized through the induction of apoptosis and, possibly, associated with the inhibition of angiogenesis. In addition, for the first time, high methylation frequencies have been observed in both intronic (32-39%) and promoter (44-52%) CpG-islands in 38 non-small cell lung carcinomas, including 16 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 22 adenocarcinomas (ADC), and in 83 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). Correlations between the methylation frequencies of the promoter and the intronic CpG-islands of SEMA3B with tumor stage and grade have been revealed for SCC, ADC and ccRCC. The association between the decrease of the SEMA3B mRNA level and hypermethylation of the promoter and the intronic CpG-islands has been estimated in renal primary tumors (P < 0.01). Using qPCR, we observed on the average 10- and 14-fold decrease of the SEMA3B mRNA level in SCC and ADC, respectively, and a 4-fold decrease in ccRCC. The frequency of this effect was high in both lung (92-95%) and renal (84%) tumor samples. Moreover, we showed a clear difference (P < 0.05) of the SEMA3B relative mRNA levels in ADC with and without lymph node metastases. We conclude that aberrant expression and methylation of SEMA3B could be suggested as markers of lung and renal cancer progression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- CpG Islands
- DNA Methylation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Semaphorins/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly I. Loginov
- Laboratory of Pathogenomics and Transcriptomics, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Complex Inherited Diseases, Research Center of Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pathomorphology, P.A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 125284, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera N. Senchenko
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Pronina
- Laboratory of Pathogenomics and Transcriptomics, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Complex Inherited Diseases, Research Center of Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Khodyrev
- Laboratory of Genetics, Federal Research Clinical Center of Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pathomorphology, P.A. Herzen Moscow Cancer Research Institute, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 125284, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Genomics, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 105064, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ganna V. Gerashchenko
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Larisa I. Chashchina
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana P. Kazubskaya
- Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana T. Kondratieva
- Research Institute of Clinical Oncology, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Debora Angeloni
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora A. Braga
- Laboratory of Pathogenomics and Transcriptomics, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Complex Inherited Diseases, Research Center of Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Post Genomic Molecular Genetic Research, Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Kashuba
- Department of Molecular Oncogenetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mishra R, Kumar D, Tomar D, Chakraborty G, Kumar S, Kundu GC. The potential of class 3 semaphorins as both targets and therapeutics in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:427-42. [PMID: 25434284 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.986095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Semaphorins have been originally identified as a family of evolutionary conserved soluble or membrane-associated proteins involved in diverse developmental phenomena. This family of proteins profoundly influences numerous pathophysiological processes, including organogenesis, cardiovascular development and immune response. Apart from steering the neural networking process, these are implicated in a broad range of biological operations including regulation of tumor progression and angiogenesis. AREAS COVERED Members of class 3 semaphorin family are known to modulate various cellular processes involved in malignant transformation. Some of the family members trigger diverse signaling processes involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis by binding with plexin and neuropilin. A better understanding of the various signaling mechanisms by which semaphorins modulate tumor progression and angiogenesis may serve as crucial tool in crafting new semaphorin-based anticancer therapy. These include treatment with recombinant tumor suppressive semaphorins or inhibition of tumor-promoting semaphorins by their specific siRNAs, small-molecule inhibitors or specific receptors using neutralizing antibodies or blocking peptides that might serve as novel strategies for effective management of cancers. EXPERT OPINION This review focuses on all the possible avenues to explore various members of class 3 semaphorin family to serve as therapeutics for combating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalin Mishra
- Loboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Center for Cell Science (NCCS) , Pune 411007 , India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pandey V, Wu ZS, Zhang M, Li R, Zhang J, Zhu T, Lobie PE. Trefoil factor 3 promotes metastatic seeding and predicts poor survival outcome of patients with mammary carcinoma. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:429. [PMID: 25266665 PMCID: PMC4303111 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recurrence or early metastasis remains the predominant cause of mortality in patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) mammary carcinoma (MC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the initial progression of ER+ MC to metastasis remains poorly understood. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is an estrogen-responsive oncogene in MC. Herein, we provide evidence for a functional role of TFF3 in metastatic progression of ER+ MC. Methods The association of TFF3 expression with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcome in a cohort of MC patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of TFF3 in MCF7 and T47D cells was modulated by forced expression or siRNA-mediated depletion of TFF3. mRNA and protein levels were determined using qPCR and western blot. The functional effect of modulation of TFF3 expression in MC cells was determined in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic analyses were performed using reporter constructs, modulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression, and pharmacological inhibitors against c-SRC and STAT3 activity. Results TFF3 protein expression was positively associated with larger tumour size, lymph node metastasis, higher stage, and poor survival outcome. Forced expression of TFF3 in ER+ MC cells stimulated colony scattering, cell adhesion to a Collagen I-coated matrix, colony formation on a Collagen I- or Matrigel-coated matrix, endothelial cell adhesion, and transmigration through an endothelial cell barrier. In vivo, forced expression of TFF3 in MCF7 cells stimulated the formation of metastatic nodules in animal lungs. TFF3 regulation of the mRNA levels of epithelial, mesenchymal, and metastatic-related genes in ER+ MC cells were consistent with the altered cell behaviour. Forced expression of TFF3 in ER+ MC cells stimulated phosphorylation of c-SRC that subsequently increased STAT3 activity, which lead to the downregulation of E-cadherin. siRNA-mediated depletion of TFF3 reduced the invasiveness of ER+ MC cells. Conclusions TFF3 expression predicts metastasis and poor survival outcome of patients with MC and functionally stimulates cellular invasion and metastasis of ER+ MC cells. Adjuvant functional inhibition of TFF3 may therefore be considered to ameliorate outcome of ER+ MC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0429-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
46
|
Nasarre P, Gemmill RM, Drabkin HA. The emerging role of class-3 semaphorins and their neuropilin receptors in oncology. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1663-87. [PMID: 25285016 PMCID: PMC4181631 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s37744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The semaphorins, discovered over 20 years ago, are a large family of secreted or transmembrane and glycophosphatidylinositol -anchored proteins initially identified as axon guidance molecules crucial for the development of the nervous system. It has now been established that they also play important roles in organ development and function, especially involving the immune, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems, and in pathological disorders, including cancer. During tumor progression, semaphorins can have both pro- and anti-tumor functions, and this has created complexities in our understanding of these systems. Semaphorins may affect tumor growth and metastases by directly targeting tumor cells, as well as indirectly by interacting with and influencing cells from the micro-environment and vasculature. Mechanistically, semaphorins, through binding to their receptors, neuropilins and plexins, affect pathways involved in cell adhesion, migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival. Importantly, neuropilins also act as co-receptors for several growth factors and enhance their signaling activities, while class 3 semaphorins may interfere with this. In this review, we focus on the secreted class 3 semaphorins and their neuropilin co-receptors in cancer, including aspects of their signaling that may be clinically relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nasarre
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Bollig-Fischer A, Marchetti L, Mitrea C, Wu J, Kruger A, Manca V, Drăghici S. Modeling time-dependent transcription effects of HER2 oncogene and discovery of a role for E2F2 in breast cancer cell-matrix adhesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 30:3036-43. [PMID: 25028721 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Oncogenes are known drivers of cancer phenotypes and targets of molecular therapies; however, the complex and diverse signaling mechanisms regulated by oncogenes and potential routes to targeted therapy resistance remain to be fully understood. To this end, we present an approach to infer regulatory mechanisms downstream of the HER2 driver oncogene in SUM-225 metastatic breast cancer cells from dynamic gene expression patterns using a succession of analytical techniques, including a novel MP grammars method to mathematically model putative regulatory interactions among sets of clustered genes. RESULTS Our method highlighted regulatory interactions previously identified in the cell line and a novel finding that the HER2 oncogene, as opposed to the proto-oncogene, upregulates expression of the E2F2 transcription factor. By targeted gene knockdown we show the significance of this, demonstrating that cancer cell-matrix adhesion and outgrowth were markedly inhibited when E2F2 levels were reduced. Thus, validating in this context that upregulation of E2F2 represents a key intermediate event in a HER2 oncogene-directed gene expression-based signaling circuit. This work demonstrates how predictive modeling of longitudinal gene expression data combined with multiple systems-level analyses can be used to accurately predict downstream signaling pathways. Here, our integrated method was applied to reveal insights as to how the HER2 oncogene drives a specific cancer cell phenotype, but it is adaptable to investigate other oncogenes and model systems. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Accessibility of various tools is listed in methods; the Log-Gain Stoichiometric Stepwise algorithm is accessible at http://www.cbmc.it/software/Software.php.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliccia Bollig-Fischer
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, 38068 Rovereto, Italy, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, 38068 Rovereto, Italy, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Luca Marchetti
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, 38068 Rovereto, Italy, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, 38068 Rovereto, Italy, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Cristina Mitrea
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, 38068 Rovereto, Italy, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jiusheng Wu
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, 38068 Rovereto, Italy, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, 38068 Rovereto, Italy, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Adéle Kruger
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, 38068 Rovereto, Italy, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Vincenzo Manca
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, 38068 Rovereto, Italy, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sorin Drăghici
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, 38068 Rovereto, Italy, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy, The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology, 38068 Rovereto, Italy, Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tang C, Gao X, Liu H, Jiang T, Zhai X. Decreased expression of SEMA3A is associated with poor prognosis in gastric carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:4782-4794. [PMID: 25197349 PMCID: PMC4152039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE SEMA3A (semaphorin-3A), is a secreted protein that belongs to the semaphorin family and can function as both a chemoattractive agent or a chemorepulsive agent. SEMA3A has been shown to be a tumor suppressor in various cancers. This study investigated the expression of SEMA3A in gastric cancer and its prognostic value for gastric cancer patients. METHODS We examined the expression of SEMA3A in paired cancerous and matched adjacent noncancerous gastric mucosa tissues by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. In vitro, we evaluate the effects of SEMA3A on gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration by MTT, transwell and wound-healing assays. Furthermore, we analyzed SEMA3A expression in 128 patients who underwent resection procedures using immunohistochemistry. The relationships between the SEMA3A expression levels, the clinicopathological factors, and patient survival were investigated. RESULTS Our results revealed decreased SEMA3A mRNA (P = 0.0037) and protein (P = 0.033) expression in tumor tissue samples compared with matched adjacent non-tumorous tissue samples. Overexpression of SEMA3A inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Immunohistochemical staining data showed that SEMA3A expression was significantly decreased in 54.68% of gastric cancer cases. In addition, the chi-square test revealed that low SEMA3A expression was significantly correlated with poor differentiation (P = 0.015), Vascular invasion (P = 0.001), depth of invasion (P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.029), distant metastasis (P = 0.002) and advanced TNM stage (P = 0.003). SEMA3A expression was positively correlated with clinical TNM stage, that suggested the more advanced clinical TNM stage corresponding to the lower expression level of SEMA3A (rs = -0.322, P < 0.001) by Spearman rank correlation analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that low expression of SEMA3A was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis for gastric cancer patients (P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that SEMA3A expression was an independent prognostic factor of the overall survival rate of patients with gastric cancer. CONCLUSION SEMA3A expression decreased significantly as gastric cancer progressed and metastasized, suggesting that SEMA3A might serve as a candidate tumor suppressor and a potential prognostic biomarker in gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Treps L, Le Guelte A, Gavard J. Emerging roles of Semaphorins in the regulation of epithelial and endothelial junctions. Tissue Barriers 2014; 1:e23272. [PMID: 24665374 PMCID: PMC3879177 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.23272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue barriers maintain homeostasis, protect underlying tissues, are remodeled during organogenesis and injury and limit aberrant proliferation and dissemination. In this context, endothelial and epithelial intercellular junctions are the primary targets of various cues. This cellular adaptation requires plasticity and dynamics of adhesion molecules and the associated cytoskeleton, as well as the adhesive-linked signaling platforms. It is therefore not surprising that the guidance molecules from the Semaphorin family arise as novel modifiers of epithelia and endothelia in development and diseases. This review will focus on the actions of Semaphorins, and their cognate receptors, Plexins and Neuropilins, on epithelial and endothelial barrier properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Treps
- CNRS; UMR8104; Paris, France ; Inserm; U1016; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cite; Paris, France
| | - Armelle Le Guelte
- CNRS; UMR8104; Paris, France ; Inserm; U1016; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cite; Paris, France
| | - Julie Gavard
- CNRS; UMR8104; Paris, France ; Inserm; U1016; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cite; Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|