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Corso G, Marino E, Zanzottera C, Oliveira C, Bernard L, Macis D, Figueiredo J, Pereira J, Carneiro P, Massari G, Barberis M, De Scalzi AM, Taormina SV, Sajjadi E, Sangalli C, Gandini S, D’Ecclesiis O, Trovato CM, Rotili A, Pesapane F, Nicosia L, La Vecchia C, Galimberti V, Guerini-Rocco E, Bonanni B, Veronesi P. CDH1 Genotype Exploration in Women With Hereditary Lobular Breast Cancer Phenotype. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e247862. [PMID: 38652475 PMCID: PMC11040411 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline CDH1 variants are associated with risk for diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer (LBC) in the so-called hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) syndrome. However, in some circumstances, LBC can be the first manifestation of this syndrome in the absence of diffuse gastric cancer manifestation. Objectives To evaluate the frequency of germline CDH1 variants in women with the hereditary LBC (HLBC) phenotype, somatic CDH1 gene inactivation in germline CDH1 variant carriers' tumor samples, and the association of genetic profiles with clinical-pathological data and survival. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-center, longitudinal, prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2021, with follow-up until January 31, 2023. Women with LBC seen at the European Institute of Oncology were included. Testing for germline CDH1, BRCA1, and BRCA2 genes was performed. Somatic profiling was assessed for germline CDH1 carriers. Main Outcomes and Measures Accurate estimates of prevalence of germline CDH1 variants among patients with HLBC and the association of somatic sequence alteration with HLBC syndrome. The Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model were applied for overall and disease-free survival analysis. Results Of 5429 cases of primary LBC, familial LBC phenotype accounted for 1867 (34.4%). A total of 394 women with LBC were tested, among whom 15 germline CDH1 variants in 15 unrelated families were identified. Among these variants, 6 (40.0%) were P/LP, with an overall frequency of 1.5% (6 of 394). Of the 6 probands with P/LP CDH1 LBC, 5 (83.3%) had a positive family history of BC and only 1 (16.7%) had sporadic juvenile early-onset LBC. No germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants were identified in CDH1 carriers. An inactivating CDH1 mechanism (second hit) was identified in 4 of 6 explored matched tumor samples (66.7%) in P/LP germline carriers. The P/LP CDH1 LBC variant carriers had a significantly lower age at diagnosis compared with the group carrying CDH1 variants of unknown significance or likely benign (42.5 [IQR, 38.3-43.0] vs 51.0 [IQR, 45.0-53.0] years; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, P/LP germline CDH1 variants were identified in individuals not fulfilling the classic clinical criteria for HDGC screening, suggesting that identification of these variants may provide a novel method to test women with LBC with early age at diagnosis and/or positive family history of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corso
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marino
- Clinic Unit of Oncogenomics, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carla Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Loris Bernard
- Clinic Unit of Oncogenomics, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Carneiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Giulia Massari
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Margherita De Scalzi
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Rotili
- Division of Breast Imaging, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Nicosia
- Division of Breast Imaging, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Branch of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology “G.A. Maccacaro,” University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Galimberti
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Shorthouse D, Lister H, Freeman GS, Hall BA. Understanding large scale sequencing datasets through changes to protein folding. Brief Funct Genomics 2024:elae007. [PMID: 38521964 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The expansion of high-quality, low-cost sequencing has created an enormous opportunity to understand how genetic variants alter cellular behaviour in disease. The high diversity of mutations observed has however drawn a spotlight onto the need for predictive modelling of mutational effects on phenotype from variants of uncertain significance. This is particularly important in the clinic due to the potential value in guiding clinical diagnosis and patient treatment. Recent computational modelling has highlighted the importance of mutation induced protein misfolding as a common mechanism for loss of protein or domain function, aided by developments in methods that make large computational screens tractable. Here we review recent applications of this approach to different genes, and how they have enabled and supported subsequent studies. We further discuss developments in the approach and the role for the approach in light of increasingly high throughput experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shorthouse
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Harris Lister
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gemma S Freeman
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Benjamin A Hall
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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3
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Zafar S, Khan K, Badshah Y, Shahid K, Trembley JH, Hafeez A, Ashraf NM, Arslan H, Shabbir M, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Razak S. Exploring the prognostic significance of PKCε variants in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:819. [PMID: 37667176 PMCID: PMC10476323 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein Kinase C-epsilon (PKCε) is a member of the novel subfamily of PKCs (nPKCs) that plays a role in cancer development. Studies have revealed that its elevated expression levels are associated with cervical cancer. Previously, we identified pathogenic variations in its different domains through various bioinformatics tools and molecular dynamic simulation. In the present study, the aim was to find the association of its variants rs1553369874 and rs1345511001 with cervical cancer and to determine the influence of these variants on the protein-protein interactions of PKCε, which can lead towards cancer development and poor survival rates. METHODS The association of the variants with cervical cancer and its clinicopathological features was determined through genotyping analysis. Odds ratio and relative risk along with Fisher exact test were calculated to evaluate variants significance and disease risk. Protein-protein docking was performed and docked complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation to gauge the variants impact on PKCε's molecular interactions. RESULTS This study revealed that genetic variants rs1553369874 and rs1345511001 were associated with cervical cancer. Smad3 interacts with PKCε and this interaction promotes cervical cancer angiogenesis; therefore, Smad3 was selected for protein-protein docking. The analysis revealed PKCε variants promoted aberrant interactions with Smad3 that might lead to the activation of oncogenic pathways. The data obtained from this study suggested the prognostic significance of PRKCE gene variants rs1553369874 and rs1345511001. CONCLUSION Through further in vitro and in vivo validation, these variants can be used at the clinical level as novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameen Zafar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasmin Badshah
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Kanza Shahid
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Janeen H Trembley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System Research Service, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amna Hafeez
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Arslan
- University of Bonn, LIMES Institute (AG-Netea), Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Shabbir
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer: A 2022 Update. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122032. [PMID: 36556253 PMCID: PMC9783673 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is ranked fifth among the most commonly diagnosed cancers, and is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The majority of gastric cancers are sporadic, while only a small percentage, less than 1%, are hereditary. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a rare malignancy, characterized by early-onset, highly-penetrant autosomal dominant inheritance mainly of the germline alterations in the E-cadherin gene (CDH1) and β-catenin (CTNNA1). In the present study, we provide an overview on the molecular basis of HDGC and outline the essential elements of genetic counseling and surveillance. We further provide a practical summary of current guidelines on clinical management and treatment of individuals at risk and patients with early disease.
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Figueiredo J, Mercadillo F, Melo S, Barroso A, Gonçalves M, Díaz-Tasende J, Carneiro P, Robles L, Colina F, Ibarrola C, Perea J, Morais-de-Sá E, Seruca R, Urioste M. Germline CDH1 G212E Missense Variant: Combining Clinical, In Vitro and In Vivo Strategies to Unravel Disease Burden. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174359. [PMID: 34503169 PMCID: PMC8430832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an inherited cancer syndrome associated with CDH1 germline mutations. The increasing detection of CDH1 genetic variants due to multigene panel testing poses a serious clinical challenge and urges the development of effective classification strategies. In this study, we describe the identification of the novel CDH1 G212E variant in a large family strongly affected by diffuse gastric cancer. Through a comprehensive characterization pipeline, we provide evidence of the damaging nature of this genetic alteration, thus impacting patient management and family screening. Abstract E-cadherin, encoded by CDH1, is an essential molecule for epithelial homeostasis, whose loss or aberrant expression results in disturbed cell–cell adhesion, increased cell invasion and metastasis. Carriers of CDH1 germline mutations have a high risk of developing diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer, associated with the cancer syndrome Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC). The ubiquitous availability of cancer panels has led to the identification of an increasing amount of “incidental” CDH1 genetic variants that pose a serious clinical challenge. This has sparked intensive research aiming at an accurate classification of the variants and consequent validation of their clinical relevance. The present study addressed the significance of a novel CDH1 variant, G212E, identified in an unusually large pedigree displaying strong aggregation of diffuse gastric cancer. We undertook a comprehensive pipeline encompassing family data, in silico predictions, in vitro assays and in vivo strategies, which validated the deleterious phenotype induced by this genetic alteration. In particular, we demonstrated that the G212E variant affects the stability and localization, as well as the adhesive and anti-invasive functions of E-cadherin, triggering epithelial disruption and disorganization. Our findings illustrate the clinical implication of a complementary approach for effective variant categorization and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (M.U.)
| | - Fátima Mercadillo
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Soraia Melo
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alicia Barroso
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Margarida Gonçalves
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Díaz-Tasende
- Endoscopy Unit, Gastroenterology Department, 12 de Octubre Universitary Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Patrícia Carneiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis Robles
- Familial Cancer Unit, Medical Oncology Service, 12 de Octubre Universitary Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco Colina
- Pathology Department, 12 de Octubre Universitary Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain or (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Carolina Ibarrola
- Pathology Department, 12 de Octubre Universitary Hospital, 28041 Madrid, Spain or (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - José Perea
- Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Eurico Morais-de-Sá
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.C.); (E.M.-d.-S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Urioste
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (M.U.)
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Zhao H, Hu H, Chen B, Xu W, Zhao J, Huang C, Xing Y, Lv H, Nie C, Wang J, He Y, Wang SQ, Chen XB. Overview on the Role of E-Cadherin in Gastric Cancer: Dysregulation and Clinical Implications. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:689139. [PMID: 34422902 PMCID: PMC8371966 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.689139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of cancer death all over the world. E-cadherin encoded by human CDH1 gene plays important roles in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. Full-length E-cadhrin tethered on the cell membrane mainly mediates adherens junctions between cells and is involved in maintaining the normal structure of epithelial tissues. After proteolysis, the extracellular fragment of the full-length E-cadhein is released into the extracellular environment and the blood, which is called soluble E-cadherin (sE-cadherin). sE-cadherin promots invasion and metastasis as a paracrine/autocrine signaling molecule in the progression of various types of cancer including gastric cancer. This review mainly summarizes the dysregulation of E-cadherin and the regulatory roles in the progression, invasion, metastasis, and drug-resistance, as well as its clinical applications in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichen Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihui Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yishu Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huifang Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caiyun Nie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianzheng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunduan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sai-Qi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Geographical Distribution of E-cadherin Germline Mutations in the Context of Diffuse Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061269. [PMID: 33809393 PMCID: PMC8001745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary E-cadherin (CDH1 gene) germline mutations are associated with the development of the autosomal cancer syndrome known as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. About 30% of families fulfilling the clinical criteria established by the International Gastric Cancer Linkage Consortium have constitutional alterations of the CDH1 gene. Different patterns of CDH1 germline mutations have described as truncating, deletion, insertion, splice site, non sense, silence, and at last, missense alterations. The frequency of the different E-cadherin germline mutations in countries with different incidence rates for gastric carcinoma has reported extremely variable. In this study we aimed to assess the worldwide frequency of CDH1 germline mutations in gastric cancers coming from different geographical areas, using a systematic approach. Abstract Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a complex and multifactorial inherited cancer predisposition syndrome caused by CDH1 germline mutations. Nevertheless, current CDH1 genetic screening recommendations disregard an unbalanced worldwide distribution of CDH1 variants, impacting testing efficacy and patient management. In this systematic review, we collected and analyzed all studies describing CDH1 variants in gastric cancer patients originating from both high- and low-prevalence countries. Selected studies were categorized as family study, series study, and unknown study, according to the implementation of HDGC clinical criteria for genetic testing. Our results indicate that CDH1 mutations are more frequently identified in gastric cancer low-incidence countries, and in the family study group that encompasses cases fulfilling criteria. Considering the type of CDH1 alterations, we verified that the relative frequency of mutation types varies within study groups and geographical areas. In the series study, the missense variant frequency is higher in high-incidence areas of gastric cancer, when compared with non-missense mutations. However, application of variant scoring for putative relevance led to a strong reduction of CDH1 variants conferring increased risk of gastric cancer. Herein, we demonstrate that criteria for CDH1 genetic screening are critical for identification of individuals carrying mutations with clinical significance. Further, we propose that future guidelines for testing should consider GC incidence across geographical regions for improved surveillance programs and early diagnosis of disease.
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8
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Corso G, Montagna G, Figueiredo J, La Vecchia C, Fumagalli Romario U, Fernandes MS, Seixas S, Roviello F, Trovato C, Guerini-Rocco E, Fusco N, Pravettoni G, Petrocchi S, Rotili A, Massari G, Magnoni F, De Lorenzi F, Bottoni M, Galimberti V, Sanches JM, Calvello M, Seruca R, Bonanni B. Hereditary Gastric and Breast Cancer Syndromes Related to CDH1 Germline Mutation: A Multidisciplinary Clinical Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1598. [PMID: 32560361 PMCID: PMC7352390 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin (CDH1 gene) germline mutations are associated with the development of diffuse gastric cancer in the context of the so-called hereditary diffuse gastric syndrome, and with an inherited predisposition of lobular breast carcinoma. In 2019, the international gastric cancer linkage consortium revised the clinical criteria and established guidelines for the genetic screening of CDH1 germline syndromes. Nevertheless, the introduction of multigene panel testing in clinical practice has led to an increased identification of E-cadherin mutations in individuals without a positive family history of gastric or breast cancers. This observation motivated us to review and present a novel multidisciplinary clinical approach (nutritional, surgical, and image screening) for single subjects who present germline CDH1 mutations but do not fulfil the classic clinical criteria, namely those identified as-(1) incidental finding and (2) individuals with lobular breast cancer without family history of gastric cancer (GC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corso
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.); (V.G.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.G.-R.); (N.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Giacomo Montagna
- Breast Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.F.); (M.S.F.); (S.S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Uberto Fumagalli Romario
- Department of Digestive Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Sofia Fernandes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.F.); (M.S.F.); (S.S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Seixas
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.F.); (M.S.F.); (S.S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Franco Roviello
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Cristina Trovato
- Division of Endoscopy, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.G.-R.); (N.F.); (G.P.)
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.G.-R.); (N.F.); (G.P.)
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (E.G.-R.); (N.F.); (G.P.)
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Serena Petrocchi
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anna Rotili
- Division of Breast Imaging, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giulia Massari
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Francesca Magnoni
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Francesca De Lorenzi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Manuela Bottoni
- Division of Plastic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.D.L.); (M.B.)
| | - Viviana Galimberti
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (F.M.); (V.G.)
| | - João Miguel Sanches
- Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Mariarosaria Calvello
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Raquel Seruca
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (J.F.); (M.S.F.); (S.S.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Medical Faculty, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 20141 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (B.B.)
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9
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Wang SC, Yeu Y, Hammer STG, Xiao S, Zhu M, Hong C, Clemenceau JR, Yoon LY, Nassour I, Shen J, Agarwal D, Reznik SI, Mansour JC, Yopp AC, Zhu H, Hwang TH, Porembka MR. Hispanic/Latino Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma Have Distinct Molecular Profiles Including a High Rate of Germline CDH1 Variants. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2114-2124. [PMID: 32269045 PMCID: PMC7489496 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hispanic/Latino patients have a higher incidence of gastric cancer and worse cancer-related outcomes compared with patients of other backgrounds. Whether there is a molecular basis for these disparities is unknown, as very few Hispanic/Latino patients have been included in previous studies. To determine the genomic landscape of gastric cancer in Hispanic/Latino patients, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing on tumor samples from 57 patients; germline analysis was conducted on 83 patients. The results were compared with data from Asian and White patients published by The Cancer Genome Atlas. Hispanic/Latino patients had a significantly larger proportion of genomically stable subtype tumors compared with Asian and White patients (65% vs. 21% vs. 20%, P < 0.001). Transcriptomic analysis identified molecular signatures that were prognostic. Of the 43 Hispanic/Latino patients with diffuse-type cancer, 7 (16%) had germline variants in CDH1. Variant carriers were significantly younger than noncarriers (41 vs. 50 years, P < 0.05). In silico algorithms predicted five variants to be deleterious. For two variants that were predicted to be benign, in vitro modeling demonstrated that these mutations conferred increased migratory capability, suggesting pathogenicity. Hispanic/Latino patients with gastric cancer possess unique genomic landscapes, including a high rate of CDH1 germline variants that may partially explain their aggressive clinical phenotypes. Individualized screening, genetic counseling, and treatment protocols based on patient ethnicity and race may be necessary. SIGNIFICANCE: Gastric cancer in Hispanic/Latino patients has unique genomic profiles that may contribute to the aggressive clinical phenotypes seen in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam C Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Yunku Yeu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Suntrea T G Hammer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shu Xiao
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Min Zhu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Changjin Hong
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jean R Clemenceau
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Lynn Y Yoon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ibrahim Nassour
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeanne Shen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Deepak Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Scott I Reznik
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John C Mansour
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Adam C Yopp
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hao Zhu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Matthew R Porembka
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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10
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Nieto-Nicolau N, Martín-Antonio B, Müller-Sánchez C, Casaroli-Marano RP. In vitro potential of human mesenchymal stem cells for corneal epithelial regeneration. Regen Med 2020; 15:1409-1426. [PMID: 32352350 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for corneal epithelial regeneration in vitro. Materials & methods: Bone marrow MSC (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue MSC were analyzed for corneal epithelial and mesenchymal markers, using limbal stem cells and corneal cells as controls. MSC with better potential were cultured with specific mediums for epithelial induction. Transepithelial electric resistance and wound healing assay with human corneal epithelial cells were performed. Results: BM-MSC showed better potential, increased corneal markers, and higher transepithelial electric resistance values when induced with limbal epithelial culture medium. Induced BM-MSC promoted better wound healing of human corneal epithelial cells by paracrine secretion. Conclusion: BM-MSC has potential for corneal epithelial induction in a protocol compatible with human application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo P Casaroli-Marano
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang I Teixits (BST), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine & Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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CDH1 Mutation Distribution and Type Suggests Genetic Differences between the Etiology of Orofacial Clefting and Gastric Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040391. [PMID: 32260281 PMCID: PMC7231129 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in CDH1, encoding epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), have been implicated in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), lobular breast cancer, and both syndromic and non-syndromic cleft lip/palate (CL/P). Despite the large number of CDH1 mutations described, the nature of the phenotypic consequence of such mutations is currently not able to be predicted, creating significant challenges for genetic counselling. This study collates the phenotype and molecular data for available CDH1 variants that have been classified, using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria, as at least ‘likely pathogenic’, and correlates their molecular and structural characteristics to phenotype. We demonstrate that CDH1 variant type and location differ between HDGC and CL/P, and that there is clustering of CL/P variants within linker regions between the extracellular domains of the cadherin protein. While these differences do not provide for exact prediction of the phenotype for a given mutation, they may contribute to more accurate assessments of risk for HDGC or CL/P for individuals with specific CDH1 variants.
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12
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Tsaur I, Hüsch T, Jüngel E, Schneider F, Schneider M, Haferkamp A, Thomas C, Lieb V, Wach S, Taubert H, Chun FKH, Blaheta RA. sE-cadherin is upregulated in serum of patients with renal cell carcinoma and promotes tumor cell dissemination in vitro. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:355.e1-355.e9. [PMID: 31005422 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cadherin family proteins are involved in the tumorigenesis of several malignancies. However, their significance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been extensively investigated. The current study investigates the potential of several cadherins to perform as biomarkers for tumor detection and exert functional RCC activity. METHODS Pre- and postoperative concentrations of sE-cadherin, cadherin-6, N-cadherin, cadherin-11, cadherin-17, and cadherin-5 were measured in serum of patients undergoing surgery for RCC and correlated to clinical and histopathological parameters. Control serum was obtained from healthy volunteers. A498 and Caki-1 cells were incubated with sE-cadherin and assessed for cell growth, adhesion, and chemotaxis. RESULTS sE-cadherin was significantly upregulated in RCC patients, as compared to controls, and discriminated them with striking accuracy (area under the curve value 0.83). Serum levels remained stable several days after surgery. Treating A498 and Caki-1 cancer cells with various concentrations of sE-cadherin attenuated cell growth and adhesion, while chemotaxis was augmented. CONCLUSIONS sE-cadherin is overexpressed in serum of RCC patients and provides a functional cellular switch from sessility to aggressive dissemination. While sE-cadherin is not tumor-specific and thus inappropriate for population-based screening, further studies are warranted to investigate its role in monitoring RCC and employing it as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tsaur
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Mainz, Germany; University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tanja Hüsch
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Mainz, Germany; University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Eva Jüngel
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Meike Schneider
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Lieb
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix K-H Chun
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Urology, Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Lee K, Krempely K, Roberts ME, Anderson MJ, Carneiro F, Chao E, Dixon K, Figueiredo J, Ghosh R, Huntsman D, Kaurah P, Kesserwan C, Landrith T, Li S, Mensenkamp AR, Oliveira C, Pardo C, Pesaran T, Richardson M, Slavin TP, Spurdle AB, Trapp M, Witkowski L, Yi CS, Zhang L, Plon SE, Schrader KA, Karam R. Specifications of the ACMG/AMP variant curation guidelines for the analysis of germline CDH1 sequence variants. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1553-1568. [PMID: 30311375 PMCID: PMC6188664 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The variant curation guidelines published in 2015 by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) provided the genetics community with a framework to assess variant pathogenicity; however, these rules are not gene specific. Germline pathogenic variants in the CDH1 gene cause hereditary diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer, a clinically challenging cancer predisposition syndrome that often requires a multidisciplinary team of experts to be properly managed. Given this challenge, the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Hereditary Cancer Domain prioritized the development of the CDH1 variant curation expert panel (VCEP) to develop and implement rules for CDH1 variant classifications. Here, we describe the CDH1 specifications of the ACMG/AMP guidelines, which were developed and validated after a systematic evaluation of variants obtained from a cohort of clinical laboratory data encompassing ∼827,000 CDH1 sequenced alleles. Comparing previously reported germline variants that were classified using the 2015 ACMG/AMP guidelines to the CDH1 VCEP recommendations resulted in reduced variants of uncertain significance and facilitated resolution of variants with conflicted assertions in ClinVar. The ClinGen CDH1 VCEP recommends the use of these CDH1-specific guidelines for the assessment and classification of variants identified in this clinically actionable gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Lee
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Fatima Carneiro
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of the University of Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – (i3S), Faculty of Medicine – University of Porto, Porto, PRT
| | - Elizabeth Chao
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Joana Figueiredo
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of the University of Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – (i3S), Faculty of Medicine – University of Porto, Porto, PRT
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuwei Li
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Carla Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of the University of Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – (i3S), Faculty of Medicine – University of Porto, Porto, PRT
| | | | | | | | - Thomas P. Slavin
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Mackenzie Trapp
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leora Witkowski
- Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Partners Healthcare Personalized Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kasmintan A. Schrader
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of the University of Porto, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde – (i3S), Faculty of Medicine – University of Porto, Porto, PRT
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14
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Azadi S, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Omidvar R. Steered Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Quantified Effects of Point Mutation Induced by Breast Cancer on Mechanical Behavior of E-Cadherin. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Corso G, Figueiredo J, La Vecchia C, Veronesi P, Pravettoni G, Macis D, Karam R, Lo Gullo R, Provenzano E, Toesca A, Mazzocco K, Carneiro F, Seruca R, Melo S, Schmitt F, Roviello F, De Scalzi AM, Intra M, Feroce I, De Camilli E, Villardita MG, Trentin C, De Lorenzi F, Bonanni B, Galimberti V. Hereditary lobular breast cancer with an emphasis on E-cadherin genetic defect. J Med Genet 2018; 55:431-441. [PMID: 29929997 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported germline CDH1 mutations in cases of lobular breast cancer (LBC) not associated with the classical hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome. A multidisciplinary workgroup discussed genetic susceptibility, pathophysiology and clinical management of hereditary LBC (HLBC). The team has established the clinical criteria for CDH1 screening and results' interpretation, and created consensus guidelines regarding genetic counselling, breast surveillance and imaging techniques, clinicopathological findings, psychological and decisional support, as well as prophylactic surgery and plastic reconstruction. Based on a review of current evidence for the identification of HLBC cases/families, CDH1 genetic testing is recommended in patients fulfilling the following criteria: (A) bilateral LBC with or without family history of LBC, with age at onset <50 years, and (B) unilateral LBC with family history of LBC, with age at onset <45 years. In CDH1 asymptomatic mutant carriers, breast surveillance with clinical examination, yearly mammography, contrast-enhanced breast MRI and breast ultrasonography (US) with 6-month interval between the US and the MRI should be implemented as a first approach. In selected cases with personal history, family history of LBC and CDH1 mutations, prophylactic mastectomy could be discussed with an integrative group of clinical experts. Psychodecisional support also plays a pivotal role in the management of individuals with or without CDH1 germline alterations. Ultimately, the definition of a specific protocol for CDH1 genetic screening and ongoing coordinated management of patients with HLBC is crucial for the effective surveillance and early detection of LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corso
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- EPIC Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Veronesi
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy.,Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Macis
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Lo Gullo
- Division of Breast Imaging, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Provenzano
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio Toesca
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Ketti Mazzocco
- Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Division of Pathology, Hospital São Joao, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- EPIC Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Soraia Melo
- EPIC Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- EPIC Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Franco Roviello
- Departments of Surgery and Pathology, Le Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Intra
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Feroce
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa De Camilli
- Division of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Trentin
- Division of Breast Imaging, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Galimberti
- Division of Breast Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Milano, Italy
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16
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Spoto CP, Gullo I, Carneiro F, Montgomery EA, Brosens LA. Hereditary gastrointestinal carcinomas and their precursors: An algorithm for genetic testing. Semin Diagn Pathol 2018; 35:170-183. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Mi EZ, Mi EZ, di Pietro M, O'Donovan M, Hardwick RH, Richardson S, Ziauddeen H, Fletcher PC, Caldas C, Tischkowitz M, Ragunath K, Fitzgerald RC. Comparative study of endoscopic surveillance in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer according to CDH1 mutation status. Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 87:408-418. [PMID: 28688938 PMCID: PMC5780354 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) accounts for 1% of gastric cancer cases. For patients with a germline CDH1 mutation, risk-reducing gastrectomy is recommended. However, for those delaying surgery or for families with no causative mutation identified, regular endoscopy is advised. This study aimed to determine the yield of signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) foci in individuals with a CDH1 pathogenic variant compared with those without and how this varies with successive endoscopies. METHODS Patients fulfilling HDGC criteria were recruited to a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Endoscopy was performed according to a strict protocol with visual inspection followed by focal lesion and random biopsy sampling to detect foci of SRCC. Survival analysis determined progression to finding of SRCC according to CDH1 mutation status. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 and 36-item Short Form Health Survey questionnaires assessed quality of life before surveillance and each endoscopy. RESULTS Eighty-five individuals fulfilling HDGC criteria underwent 201 endoscopies; 54 (63.5%) tested positive for CDH1 mutation. SRCC yield was 61.1% in CDH1 mutation carriers compared with 9.7% in noncarriers, and mutation-positive patients had a 10-fold risk of SRCC on endoscopy compared with those with no mutation detected (P < .0005). Yield of SRCC decreased substantially with subsequent endoscopies. Surveillance was associated with improved psychological health. CONCLUSIONS SRCC foci are prevalent in CDH1 mutation carriers and can be detected at endoscopy using a standardized, multiple biopsy sampling protocol. Decreasing yield over time suggests that the frequency of endoscopy might be reduced. For patients with no CDH1 pathogenic variant detected, the cost-to-benefit ratio needs to be assessed in view of the low yield.
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Key Words
- aei, allelic expression imbalance
- cdh1+, cdh1 pathogenic variant
- cdh1-npvd, cdh1 no pathogenic variant detected
- dgc, diffuse gastric cancer
- eortc-qol-c30, european organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire core 30
- gc, gastric cancer
- hdgc, hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
- ppi, proton pump inhibitor
- qol, quality of life
- rrtg, risk-reducing total gastrectomy
- sf-36, 36-item short form health survey
- srcc, signet ring cell carcinoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Z Mi
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ella Z Mi
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Maria O'Donovan
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard H Hardwick
- Department of Oesophago-Gastric Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Richardson
- Familial Gastric Cancer Study, Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krish Ragunath
- NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Predicting the Functional Impact of CDH1 Missense Mutations in Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122687. [PMID: 29231860 PMCID: PMC5751289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of E-cadherin in Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC) is unequivocal. Germline alterations in its encoding gene (CDH1) are causative of HDGC and occur in about 40% of patients. Importantly, while in most cases CDH1 alterations result in the complete loss of E-cadherin associated with a well-established clinical impact, in about 20% of cases the mutations are of the missense type. The latter are of particular concern in terms of genetic counselling and clinical management, as the effect of the sequence variants in E-cadherin function is not predictable. If a deleterious variant is identified, prophylactic surgery could be recommended. Therefore, over the last few years, intensive research has focused on evaluating the functional consequences of CDH1 missense variants and in assessing E-cadherin pathogenicity. In that context, our group has contributed to better characterize CDH1 germline missense variants and is now considered a worldwide reference centre. In this review, we highlight the state of the art methodologies to categorize CDH1 variants, as neutral or deleterious. This information is subsequently integrated with clinical data for genetic counseling and management of CDH1 variant carriers.
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Kampmeyer C, Nielsen SV, Clausen L, Stein A, Gerdes AM, Lindorff-Larsen K, Hartmann-Petersen R. Blocking protein quality control to counter hereditary cancers. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:823-831. [PMID: 28779490 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of molecular chaperones and the ubiquitin-proteasome system have already been clinically implemented to counter certain cancers, including multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. The efficacy of this treatment relies on genomic alterations in cancer cells causing a proteostatic imbalance, which makes them more dependent on protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms than normal cells. Accordingly, blocking PQC, e.g. by proteasome inhibitors, may cause a lethal proteotoxic crisis in cancer cells, while leaving normal cells unaffected. Evidence, however, suggests that the PQC system operates by following a better-safe-than-sorry principle and is thus prone to target proteins that are only slightly structurally perturbed, but still functional. Accordingly, implementing PQC inhibitors may also, through an entirely different mechanism, hold potential for other cancers. Several inherited cancer susceptibility syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome and von Hippel-Lindau disease, are caused by missense mutations in tumor suppressor genes, and in some cases, the resulting amino acid substitutions in the encoded proteins cause the cellular PQC system to target them for degradation, although they may still retain function. As a consequence of this over-meticulous PQC mechanism, the cell may end up with an insufficient amount of the abnormal, but functional, protein, which in turn leads to a loss-of-function phenotype and manifestation of the disease. Increasing the amounts of such proteins by stabilizing with chemical chaperones, or by targeting molecular chaperones or the ubiquitin-proteasome system, may thus avert or delay the disease onset. Here, we review the potential of targeting the PQC system in hereditary cancer susceptibility syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kampmeyer
- Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Sofie V Nielsen
- Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Lene Clausen
- Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Amelie Stein
- Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Hartmann-Petersen
- Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
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Cho SY, Park JW, Liu Y, Park YS, Kim JH, Yang H, Um H, Ko WR, Lee BI, Kwon SY, Ryu SW, Kwon CH, Park DY, Lee JH, Lee SI, Song KS, Hur H, Han SU, Chang H, Kim SJ, Kim BS, Yook JH, Yoo MW, Kim BS, Lee IS, Kook MC, Thiessen N, He A, Stewart C, Dunford A, Kim J, Shih J, Saksena G, Cherniack AD, Schumacher S, Weiner AT, Rosenberg M, Getz G, Yang EG, Ryu MH, Bass AJ, Kim HK. Sporadic Early-Onset Diffuse Gastric Cancers Have High Frequency of Somatic CDH1 Alterations, but Low Frequency of Somatic RHOA Mutations Compared With Late-Onset Cancers. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:536-549.e26. [PMID: 28522256 PMCID: PMC6863080 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Early-onset gastric cancer, which develops in patients younger than most gastric cancers, is usually detected at advanced stages, has diffuse histologic features, and occurs more frequently in women. We investigated somatic genomic alterations associated with the unique characteristics of sporadic diffuse gastric cancers (DGCs) from younger patients. METHODS We conducted whole exome and RNA sequence analyses of 80 resected DGC samples from patients 45 years old or younger in Korea. Patients with pathogenic germline mutations in CDH1, TP53, and ATM were excluded from the onset of this analysis, given our focus on somatic alterations. We used MutSig2CV to evaluate the significance of mutated genes. We recruited 29 additional early-onset Korean DGC samples and performed SNP6.0 array and targeted sequencing analyses of these 109 early-onset DGC samples (54.1% female, median age, 38 years). We compared the SNP6.0 array and targeted sequencing data of the 109 early-onset DGC samples with those from diffuse-type stomach tumor samples collected from 115 patients in Korea who were 46 years or older (late onset) at the time of diagnosis (controls; 29.6% female, median age, 67 years). We compared patient survival times among tumors from different subgroups and with different somatic mutations. We performed gene silencing of RHOA or CDH1 in DGC cells with small interfering RNAs for cell-based assays. RESULTS We identified somatic mutations in the following genes in a significant number of early-onset DGCs: the cadherin 1 gene (CDH1), TP53, ARID1A, KRAS, PIK3CA, ERBB3, TGFBR1, FBXW7, RHOA, and MAP2K1. None of 109 early-onset DGC cases had pathogenic germline CDH1 mutations. A higher proportion of early-onset DGCs had mutations in CDH1 (42.2%) or TGFBR1 (7.3%) compared with control DGCs (17.4% and 0.9%, respectively) (P < .001 and P = .014 for CDH1 and TGFBR1, respectively). In contrast, a smaller proportion of early-onset DGCs contained mutations in RHOA (9.2%) than control DGCs (19.1%) (P = .033). Late-onset DGCs in The Cancer Genome Atlas also contained less frequent mutations in CDH1 and TGFBR1 and more frequent RHOA mutations, compared with early-onset DGCs. Early-onset DGCs from women contained significantly more mutations in CDH1 or TGFBR1 than early-onset DGCs from men. CDH1 alterations, but not RHOA mutations, were associated with shorter survival times in patients with early-onset DGCs (hazard ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-7.7). RHOA activity was reduced by an R5W substitution-the RHOA mutation most frequently detected in early-onset DGCs. Silencing of CDH1, but not RHOA, increased migratory activity of DGC cells. CONCLUSIONS In an integrative genomic analysis, we found higher proportions of early-onset DGCs to contain somatic mutations in CDH1 or TGFBR1 compared with late-onset DGCs. However, a smaller proportion of early-onset DGCs contained somatic mutations in RHOA than late-onset DGCs. CDH1 alterations, but not RHOA mutations, were associated with shorter survival times of patients, which might account for the aggressive clinical course of early-onset gastric cancer. Female predominance in early-onset gastric cancer may be related to relatively high rates of somatic CDH1 and TGFBR1 mutations in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Cho
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Park
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Liu
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Yang
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Um
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ri Ko
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Il Lee
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wan Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hwa Kwon
- Department of Pathology and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Youn Park
- Department of Pathology and BioMedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital and Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Sang Song
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Hur
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Han
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyung Chang
- Department of Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sik Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Yook
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Won Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Su Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seob Lee
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Nina Thiessen
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - An He
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chip Stewart
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Dunford
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jaegil Kim
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Juliann Shih
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts;,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gordon Saksena
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew D. Cherniack
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts;,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven Schumacher
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Amaro-Taylor Weiner
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mara Rosenberg
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Gad Getz
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eun Gyeong Yang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Ryu
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Adam J. Bass
- Cancer Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts;,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hark Kyun Kim
- National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
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Limbal Stem Cells from Aged Donors Are a Suitable Source for Clinical Application. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3032128. [PMID: 28042298 PMCID: PMC5155095 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3032128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cells (LSC) are the progenitor cells that maintain the transparency of the cornea. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) leads to corneal opacity, inflammation, scarring, and blindness. A clinical approach to treat this condition consists in LSC transplantation (LSCT) after ex vivo expansion of LSC. In unilateral LSCD, an autologous transplant is possible, but cases of bilateral LSCD require allogenic LSCT. Cadaveric donors represent the most important source of LSC allografts for treatment of bilateral LSCD when living relative donors are not available. To evaluate the suitability of aged cadaveric donors for LSCT, we compared three pools of LSC from donors of different ages (<60 years, 60–75 years, and >75 years). We evaluated graft quality in terms of percent of p63-positive (p63+) cells by immunofluorescence, colony forming efficiency, and mRNA and protein expression of p63, PAX6, Wnt7a, E-cadherin, and cytokeratin (CK) 12, CK3, and CK19. The results showed that LSC cultures from aged donors can express ≥3% of p63+ cells—considered as the minimum value for predicting favorable clinical outcomes after LSCT—suggesting that these cells could be a suitable source of LSC for transplantation. Our results also indicate the need to evaluate LSC graft quality criteria for each donor.
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Mestre T, Figueiredo J, Ribeiro AS, Paredes J, Seruca R, Sanches JM. Quantification of topological features in cell meshes to explore E-cadherin dysfunction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25101. [PMID: 27151223 PMCID: PMC4858654 DOI: 10.1038/srep25101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer, defective E-cadherin leads to cell detachment, migration and metastization. Further, alterations mediated by E-cadherin dysfunction affect cell topology and tissue organization. Herein, we propose a novel quantitative approach, based on microscopy images, to analyse abnormal cellular distribution patterns. We generated undirected graphs composed by sets of triangles which accurately reproduce cell positioning and structural organization within each image. Network analysis was developed by exploring triangle geometric features, namely area, edges length and formed angles, as well as their variance, when compared with the respective equilateral triangles. We generated synthetic networks, mimicking the diversity of cell-cell interaction patterns, and evaluated the applicability of the selected metrics to study topological features. Cells expressing wild-type E-cadherin and cancer-related mutants were used to validate our strategy. Specifically, A634V, R749W and P799R cancer-causing mutants present more disorganized spatial distribution when compared with wild-type cells. Moreover, P799R exhibited higher length and angle distortions and abnormal cytoskeletal organization, suggesting the formation of very dynamic and plastic cellular interactions. Hence, topological analysis of cell network diagrams is an effective tool to quantify changes in cell-cell interactions and, importantly, it can be applied to a myriad of processes, namely tissue morphogenesis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Mestre
- Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Miguel Sanches
- Institute for Systems and Robotics, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal
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van der Post RS, Vogelaar IP, Manders P, van der Kolk LE, Cats A, van Hest LP, Sijmons R, Aalfs CM, Ausems MGEM, Gómez García EB, Wagner A, Hes FJ, Arts N, Mensenkamp AR, van Krieken JH, Hoogerbrugge N, Ligtenberg MJL. Accuracy of Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer Testing Criteria and Outcomes in Patients With a Germline Mutation in CDH1. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:897-906.e19. [PMID: 26072394 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Germline mutations in the cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin gene (CDH1) cause a predisposition to gastric cancer. We evaluated the ability of the internationally accepted hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) criteria to identify individuals with pathogenic mutations in CDH1, and assessed their outcomes. The criteria were as follows: families with 2 or more cases of gastric cancer, with at least 1 patient diagnosed with diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) before age 50; families with 3 or more cases of DGC; families with 1 DGC before the age of 40; and families with a history of DGC and lobular breast cancer, with 1 diagnosis before the age of 50. METHODS We collected results of a CDH1 mutation analysis of 578 individuals from 499 families tested in The Netherlands between 1999 and 2014 (118 families met the HDGC criteria for testing and 236 did not; there were 145 families with incomplete data and/or availability of only first-degree relatives). Data were linked with family histories and findings from clinical and pathology analyses. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the overall survival of patients with and without CDH1 mutations. RESULTS In a cohort study in The Netherlands, the HDGC criteria identified individuals with a germline CDH1 mutation with a positive predictive value of 14% and 89% sensitivity. There were 18 pathogenic CDH1 mutations in 499 families (4%); 16 of these mutations were detected in the 118 families who met the HDGC criteria for testing. One pathogenic CDH1 mutation was detected in the 236 families who did not meet HDGC criteria and 1 in the 145 families with incomplete data and/or availability of only first-degree relatives. No CDH1 mutations were found in the 67 families whose members developed intestinal-type gastric cancer, or in the 22 families whose families developed lobular breast cancer. Among patients who fulfilled the HDGC criteria and had pathogenic CDH1 mutations, 36% survived for 1 year and 4% survived for 5 years; among patients who fulfilled the HDGC criteria but did not carry pathogenic CDH1 mutations, 48% survived for 1 year and 13% survived for 5 years (P = .014 for comparative survival analysis between patients with and without a CDH1 mutation). CONCLUSIONS All individuals with a CDH1 mutation had a personal or family history of diffuse gastric cancer. Patients with gastric cancer and germline CDH1 mutations had shorter survival times than patients who met the HDGC criteria but did not have CDH1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S van der Post
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid P Vogelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peggy Manders
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lizet E van der Kolk
- Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Cats
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liselotte P van Hest
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Sijmons
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cora M Aalfs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Encarna B Gómez García
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Wagner
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J Hes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Arts
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Tan RYC, Ngeow J. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: What the clinician should know. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 7:153-160. [PMID: 26380059 PMCID: PMC4569593 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i9.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an inherited autosomal dominant syndrome with a penetrance of up to 80% affecting diverse geographic populations. While it has been shown to be caused mainly by germline alterations in the E-cadherin gene (CDH1), problematically, the genetic diagnosis remains unknown in up to 60% of patients. Given the important knowledge gaps regarding the syndrome, asymptomatic carriers of CDH1 mutations are advised for a prophylactic total gastrectomy. Intensive annual endoscopic surveillance is the alternative for carriers who decline gastrectomy. As HDGCs have a prolonged indolent phase, this provides a window of opportunity for surveillance and treatment. Recent findings of other gene defects in CTNNA1 and MAP3K6, as well as further characterization of CDH1 mutations and their pathogenicity will change the way HDGC patients are counselled for screening, surveillance and treatment. This review will bring the reader up to date with these changes and discuss future directions for research; namely more accurate risk stratification and surveillance methods to improve clinical care of HDGC patients.
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Brito LA, Yamamoto GL, Melo S, Malcher C, Ferreira SG, Figueiredo J, Alvizi L, Kobayashi GS, Naslavsky MS, Alonso N, Felix TM, Zatz M, Seruca R, Passos-Bueno MR. Rare Variants in the Epithelial Cadherin Gene Underlying the Genetic Etiology of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:1029-33. [PMID: 26123647 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic orofacial cleft (NSOFC) is a complex disease of still unclear genetic etiology. To investigate the contribution of rare epithelial cadherin (CDH1) gene variants to NSOFC, we target sequenced 221 probands. Candidate variants were evaluated via in vitro, in silico, or segregation analyses. Three probably pathogenic variants (c.760G>A [p.Asp254Asn], c.1023T>G [p.Tyr341*], and c.2351G>A [p.Arg784His]) segregated according to autosomal dominant inheritance in four nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) families (Lod score: 5.8 at θ = 0; 47% penetrance). A fourth possibly pathogenic variant (c.387+5G>A) was also found, but further functional analyses are needed (overall prevalence of CDH1 candidate variants: 2%; 15.4% among familial cases). CDH1 mutational burden was higher among probands from familial cases when compared to that of controls (P = 0.002). We concluded that CDH1 contributes to NSCL/P with mainly rare, moderately penetrant variants, and CDH1 haploinsufficiency is the likely etiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Abreu Brito
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Lopes Yamamoto
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Soraia Melo
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Malcher
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Simone Gomes Ferreira
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucas Alvizi
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gerson Shigeru Kobayashi
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Michel Satya Naslavsky
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Nivaldo Alonso
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Temis Maria Felix
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Raquel Seruca
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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26
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Abstract
Hereditary gastric cancer syndromes are a rare but distinct cause of gastric cancers. The genetic mutations underlying most affected families are unknown. Mutations of CDH1 occur in some patients affected by hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, and is the only practical marker for guiding management. Carriers of CDH1 mutations are at risk for a highly penetrant, aggressive and early-onset diffuse-type gastric cancer, and these individuals are usually offered prophylactic total gastrectomy. Further research is required to identify other genetic mutations responsible for these syndromes to improve our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms and optimize the clinical management of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Colvin
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Noriko Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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27
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van der Post RS, Vogelaar IP, Carneiro F, Guilford P, Huntsman D, Hoogerbrugge N, Caldas C, Schreiber KEC, Hardwick RH, Ausems MGEM, Bardram L, Benusiglio PR, Bisseling TM, Blair V, Bleiker E, Boussioutas A, Cats A, Coit D, DeGregorio L, Figueiredo J, Ford JM, Heijkoop E, Hermens R, Humar B, Kaurah P, Keller G, Lai J, Ligtenberg MJL, O'Donovan M, Oliveira C, Pinheiro H, Ragunath K, Rasenberg E, Richardson S, Roviello F, Schackert H, Seruca R, Taylor A, ter Huurne A, Tischkowitz M, Joe STA, van Dijck B, van Grieken NCT, van Hillegersberg R, van Sandick JW, Vehof R, van Krieken JH, Fitzgerald RC. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: updated clinical guidelines with an emphasis on germline CDH1 mutation carriers. J Med Genet 2015; 52:361-74. [PMID: 25979631 PMCID: PMC4453626 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Germline CDH1 mutations confer a high lifetime risk of developing diffuse gastric (DGC) and lobular breast cancer (LBC). A multidisciplinary workshop was organised to discuss genetic testing, surgery, surveillance strategies, pathology reporting and the patient's perspective on multiple aspects, including diet post gastrectomy. The updated guidelines include revised CDH1 testing criteria (taking into account first-degree and second-degree relatives): (1) families with two or more patients with gastric cancer at any age, one confirmed DGC; (2) individuals with DGC before the age of 40 and (3) families with diagnoses of both DGC and LBC (one diagnosis before the age of 50). Additionally, CDH1 testing could be considered in patients with bilateral or familial LBC before the age of 50, patients with DGC and cleft lip/palate, and those with precursor lesions for signet ring cell carcinoma. Given the high mortality associated with invasive disease, prophylactic total gastrectomy at a centre of expertise is advised for individuals with pathogenic CDH1 mutations. Breast cancer surveillance with annual breast MRI starting at age 30 for women with a CDH1 mutation is recommended. Standardised endoscopic surveillance in experienced centres is recommended for those opting not to have gastrectomy at the current time, those with CDH1 variants of uncertain significance and those that fulfil hereditary DGC criteria without germline CDH1 mutations. Expert histopathological confirmation of (early) signet ring cell carcinoma is recommended. The impact of gastrectomy and mastectomy should not be underestimated; these can have severe consequences on a psychological, physiological and metabolic level. Nutritional problems should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S van der Post
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid P Vogelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Parry Guilford
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Huntsman
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Richard H Hardwick
- Department of Oesophago-Gastric Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Bardram
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tanya M Bisseling
- Department of Gastroenterology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eveline Bleiker
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology/Family Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annemieke Cats
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/ Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Coit
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lynn DeGregorio
- The DeGregorio Family Foundation for Stomach and Esophageal Cancer Research, Pleasantville, New York, USA
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - James M Ford
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Esther Heijkoop
- Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosella Hermens
- Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bostjan Humar
- Division of Surgical Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Suisse
| | - Pardeep Kaurah
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gisella Keller
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lai
- No Stomach For Cancer, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria O'Donovan
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pinheiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Krish Ragunath
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Queens Medical Centre campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Susan Richardson
- Department of Oncology, Familial Gastric Cancer Registry, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franco Roviello
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Hans Schackert
- Department of Surgical Research, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Amy Taylor
- Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sheena Tjon A Joe
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Johanna W van Sandick
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Vehof
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Han van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge NHS Foundation Trust
- MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Department Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals, UK
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28
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Oliveira C, Pinheiro H, Figueiredo J, Seruca R, Carneiro F. Familial gastric cancer: genetic susceptibility, pathology, and implications for management. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:e60-70. [PMID: 25638682 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(14)71016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Familial gastric cancer comprises at least three major syndromes: hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach, and familial intestinal gastric cancer. The risk of development of gastric cancer is high in families affected b-y these syndromes, but only hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is genetically explained (caused by germline alterations of CDH1, which encodes E-cadherin). Gastric cancer is also associated with a range of several cancer-associated syndromes with known genetic causes, such as Lynch, Li-Fraumeni, Peutz-Jeghers, hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndromes, familial adenomatous polyposis, and juvenile polyposis. We present contemporary knowledge on the genetics, pathogenesis, and clinical features of familial gastric cancer, and discuss research and technological developments, which together are expected to open avenues for new genetic testing approaches and novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Oliveira
- Ipatimub-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology & Instituto Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pinheiro
- Ipatimub-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology & Instituto Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- Ipatimub-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology & Instituto Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Ipatimub-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology & Instituto Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Ipatimub-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology & Instituto Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar S João, Porto, Portugal.
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29
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Pinheiro H, Oliveira C, Seruca R, Carneiro F. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer - pathophysiology and clinical management. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014; 28:1055-68. [PMID: 25439071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer is an autosomal dominant inherited gastric cancer syndrome caused by germline alterations in CDH1 (E-cadherin) and CTNNA1 (alpha-E-catenin) genes. Germline CDH1 alterations encompass small frameshifts, splice-site, nonsense, and missense mutations, as well as large rearrangements. Most CDH1 truncating mutations are pathogenic, and several missense CDH1 mutations have a deleterious effect on E-cadherin function. CDH1 testing should be performed in probands. Screening of at-risk individuals is indicated from the age of consent following counselling with a multidisciplinary team. In mutation-positive individuals prophylactic gastrectomy is recommended. Endoscopic surveillance is an option for those refusing/postponing gastrectomy, those with mutations of undetermined significance, and in CDH1-negative families. Ongoing research focus on the search of genetic causes other than CDH1 or CTNNA1 germline defects; assessment of the pathogenicity and penetrance of CDH1 missense mutations and identification of somatic mechanisms behind the progression from early (indolent) lesions to invasive (lethal) carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Pinheiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Dept. of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4100-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Dept. of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4100-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Dept. of Pathology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4100-319 Porto, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4100-319 Porto, Portugal.
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30
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Corso G, Figueiredo J, Biffi R, Trentin C, Bonanni B, Feroce I, Serrano D, Cassano E, Annibale B, Melo S, Seruca R, De Lorenzi F, Ferrara F, Piagnerelli R, Roviello F, Galimberti V. E-cadherin germline mutation carriers: clinical management and genetic implications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:1081-94. [PMID: 25332147 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is an autosomic dominant syndrome associated with E-cadherin protein (CDH1) gene germline mutations. Clinical criteria for genetic screening were revised in 2010 by the International Gastric Cancer Linkage Consortium at the Cambridge meeting. About 40 % of families fulfilling clinical criteria for this inherited disease present deleterious CDH1 germline mutations. Lobular breast cancer is a neoplastic condition associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome. E-cadherin constitutional mutations have been described in both settings, in gastric and breast cancers. The management of CDH1 asymptomatic mutation carriers requires a multidisciplinary approach; the only life-saving procedure is the prophylactic total gastrectomy after thorough genetic counselling. Several prophylactic gastrectomies have been performed to date; conversely, no prophylactic mastectomies have been described in CDH1 mutant carriers. However, the recent discovery of novel germline alterations in pedigree clustering only for lobular breast cancer opens up a new debate in the management of these individuals. In this critical review, we describe the clinical management of CDH1 germline mutant carriers providing specific recommendations for genetic counselling, clinical criteria, surveillance and/ or prophylactic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Corso
- Molecular Senology Unit, via G. Ripamonti 435, European Institute of Oncology, 20141, Milan, Italy,
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31
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Sanches JM, Figueiredo J, Fonseca M, Durães C, Melo S, Esménio S, Seruca R. Quantification of mutant E-cadherin using bioimaging analysis of in situ fluorescence microscopy. A new approach to CDH1 missense variants. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:1072-9. [PMID: 25388006 PMCID: PMC4795115 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations result in full-length proteins containing an amino acid substitution that can be neutral or deleterious, interfering with the normal conformation, localization, and function of a protein. A striking example is the presence of CDH1 (E-cadherin gene) germline missense variants in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), which represent a clinical burden for genetic counseling and surveillance of mutation carriers and their families. CDH1 missense variants can compromise not only the function of E-cadherin but also its expression pattern. Here, we propose a novel method to characterize E-cadherin signature in order to identify cases with E-cadherin deregulation and functional impairment. The strategy includes a bioimaging pipeline to quantify the expression level and characterize the distribution of the protein from in situ immunofluorescence images. The algorithm computes 1D (dimension intensity) radial and internuclear fluorescence profiles to generate expression outlines and 2D virtual cells representing a typical cell within the populations analyzed. Using this new approach, we verify that cells expressing mutant forms of E-cadherin display fluorescence profiles distinct from those of the wild-type cells. Mutant proteins showed a significantly decrease of fluorescence intensity at the membrane and often abnormal expression peaks in the cytoplasm, reflecting the underlying molecular mechanism of trafficking deregulation. Our results suggest employing this methodology as a complementary approach to evaluate the pathogenicity of E-cadherin missense variants. Moreover, it can be applied to a wide range of proteins and, more importantly, to diseases characterized by aberrant protein expression or trafficking deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Miguel Sanches
- Institute for Systems and Robotics and Department of Bioengineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- Department of Cancer Genetics, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Martina Fonseca
- Institute for Systems and Robotics and Department of Bioengineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília Durães
- Department of Cancer Genetics, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Soraia Melo
- Department of Cancer Genetics, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Esménio
- Institute for Systems and Robotics and Department of Bioengineering from the Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- 1] Department of Cancer Genetics, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal [2] Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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32
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Zhang L, Xiao A, Ruggeri J, Bacares R, Somar J, Melo S, Figueiredo J, Simões-Correia J, Seruca R, Shah MA. The germline CDH1 c.48 G>C substitution contributes to cancer predisposition through generation of a pro-invasive mutation. Mutat Res 2014; 770:106-11. [PMID: 25771876 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutation screening of CDH1 is a standard of care for patients who meet criteria for Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC). In this setting, the classification of the sequence variants found in CDH1 is a critical step for risk management of patients with HDGC. In this report, we describe a germline CDH1 c.48 G>C variant found in a 21 year old woman and her living great uncle, who were both diagnosed with gastric cancer and belong to a family with high incidence of this type of cancer. This variant occurs at the last nucleotide of exon 1 and presumably results in a Gln-to-His change at codon 16 (Q16H). We used cloning strategies to evaluate the effects on mRNA stability and found that 5/27 and 0/17 clones have the "C" mutant allele in patient and her great uncle, respectively. In vitro functional studies revealed that the germline missense mutant (Q16H) had a pro-invasive cell behavior. Both results (functional and clinical) support the conclusion that the CDH1 c.48 G>C (Q16H) variant contributes to HDGC through the generation of a pathogenic missense mutation with loss of anti-invasive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | | | - Ruben Bacares
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joshua Somar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Soraia Melo
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Simões-Correia
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manish A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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33
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Levels of soluble E-cadherin in breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:408047. [PMID: 25535613 PMCID: PMC4182303 DOI: 10.1155/2014/408047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soluble E-cadherin is a 80 kDa protein fragment coming from the proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of the full length epithelial cadherin, a molecule involved in cell adhesion/polarity and tissue morphogenesis. In comparison with normal epithelia, cancer cells show a decreased cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion, and sE-cad levels normally increase in body fluids (blood and urine). This review focuses on soluble E-cadherin in sera of patients affected by three solid cancers (breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers) and how its levels correlate or not with some cancer parameters (e.g., dimension, progression, and localisation). We will describe the main proteomics approaches adopted to measure sE-cad both in vivo and in vitro and the most important findings about its behaviour in cancer dynamics.
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34
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Resolving the molecular mechanism of cadherin catch bond formation. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3941. [PMID: 24887573 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical cadherin Ca(2+)-dependent cell-cell adhesion proteins play key roles in embryogenesis and in maintaining tissue integrity. Cadherins mediate robust adhesion by binding in multiple conformations. One of these adhesive states, called an X-dimer, forms catch bonds that strengthen and become longer lived in the presence of mechanical force. Here we use single-molecule force-clamp spectroscopy with an atomic force microscope along with molecular dynamics and steered molecular dynamics simulations to resolve the molecular mechanisms underlying catch bond formation and the role of Ca(2+) ions in this process. Our data suggest that tensile force bends the cadherin extracellular region such that they form long-lived, force-induced hydrogen bonds that lock X-dimers into tighter contact. When Ca(2+) concentration is decreased, fewer de novo hydrogen bonds are formed and catch bond formation is eliminated.
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35
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Kiel C, Serrano L. Structure-energy-based predictions and network modelling of RASopathy and cancer missense mutations. Mol Syst Biol 2014; 10:727. [PMID: 24803665 PMCID: PMC4188041 DOI: 10.1002/msb.20145092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras/MAPK syndromes ('RASopathies') are a class of developmental disorders caused by germline mutations in 15 genes encoding proteins of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway frequently involved in cancer. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in mutations of the same protein causing either cancer or RASopathies. Here, we shed light on 956 RASopathy and cancer missense mutations by combining protein network data with mutational analyses based on 3D structures. Using the protein design algorithm FoldX, we predict that most of the missense mutations with destabilising energies are in structural regions that control the activation of proteins, and only a few are predicted to compromise protein folding. We find a trend that energy changes are higher for cancer compared to RASopathy mutations. Through network modelling, we show that partly compensatory mutations in RASopathies result in only minor downstream pathway deregulation. In summary, we suggest that quantitative rather than qualitative network differences determine the phenotypic outcome of RASopathy compared to cancer mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kiel
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Lee YS, Cho YS, Lee GK, Lee S, Kim YW, Jho S, Kim HM, Hong SH, Hwang JA, Kim SY, Hong D, Choi IJ, Kim BC, Kim BC, Kim CH, Choi H, Kim Y, Kim KW, Kong G, Kim HL, Bhak J, Lee SH, Lee JS. Genomic profile analysis of diffuse-type gastric cancers. Genome Biol 2014; 15:R55. [PMID: 24690483 PMCID: PMC4056347 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2014-15-4-r55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomach cancer is the third deadliest among all cancers worldwide. Although incidence of the intestinal-type gastric cancer has decreased, the incidence of diffuse-type is still increasing and its progression is notoriously aggressive. There is insufficient information on genome variations of diffuse-type gastric cancer because its cells are usually mixed with normal cells, and this low cellularity has made it difficult to analyze the genome. RESULTS We analyze whole genomes and corresponding exomes of diffuse-type gastric cancer, using matched tumor and normal samples from 14 diffuse-type and five intestinal-type gastric cancer patients. Somatic variations found in the diffuse-type gastric cancer are compared to those of the intestinal-type and to previously reported variants. We determine the average exonic somatic mutation rate of the two types. We find associated candidate driver genes, and identify seven novel somatic mutations in CDH1, which is a well-known gastric cancer-associated gene. Three-dimensional structure analysis of the mutated E-cadherin protein suggests that these new somatic mutations could cause significant functional perturbations of critical calcium-binding sites in the EC1-2 junction. Chromosomal instability analysis shows that the MDM2 gene is amplified. After thorough structural analysis, a novel fusion gene TSC2-RNF216 is identified, which may simultaneously disrupt tumor-suppressive pathways and activate tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS We report the genomic profile of diffuse-type gastric cancers including new somatic variations, a novel fusion gene, and amplification and deletion of certain chromosomal regions that contain oncogenes and tumor suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Su Lee
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sung Cho
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, 443-270 Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Kook Lee
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Tissue Bank, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Lee
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, 443-270 Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- Gastric Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoong Jho
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, 443-270 Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Min Kim
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, 443-270 Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Hong
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Hwang
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-young Kim
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwan Hong
- Cancer Genomics Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ju Choi
- Gastric Cancer Branch, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Kim
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, 443-270 Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, 443-270 Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Chul Kim
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, 443-270 Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hong Kim
- Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, 443-270 Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Choi
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, 443-270 Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngju Kim
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Tissue Bank, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Wook Kim
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Tissue Bank, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Kong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bhak
- Personal Genomics Institute, Genome Research Foundation, 443-270 Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Theragen BiO Institute, TheragenEtex, 443-270 Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Program in Nano Science and Technology, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology Nano Science and Technology, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Soo Lee
- Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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McKeone R, Wikstrom M, Kiel C, Rakoczy PE. Assessing the correlation between mutant rhodopsin stability and the severity of retinitis pigmentosa. Mol Vis 2014; 20:183-99. [PMID: 24520188 PMCID: PMC3919671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Following a previous study that demonstrated a correlation between rhodopsin stability and the severity of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), we investigated whether predictions of severity can be improved with a regional analysis of this correlation. The association between changes to the stability of the protein and the relative amount of rhodopsin reaching the plasma membrane was assessed. METHODS Crystallography-based estimations of mutant rhodopsin stability were compared with descriptions in the scientific literature of the visual function of mutation carriers to determine the extent of associations between rhodopsin stability and clinical phenotype. To test the findings of this analysis, three residues of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged rhodopsin plasmid were targeted with site-directed random mutagenesis to generate mutant variants with a range of stability changes. These plasmids were transfected into HEK-293 cells, and then flow cytometry was used to measure rhodopsin on the cells' plasma membrane. The GFP signal was used to measure the ratio between this membrane-bound rhodopsin and total cellular rhodopsin. FoldX stability predictions were then compared with the surface staining data and clinical data from the database to characterize the relationship between rhodopsin stability, the severity of RP, and the expression of rhodopsin at the cell surface. RESULTS There was a strong linear correlation between the scale of the destabilization of mutant variants and the severity of retinal disease. A correlation was also seen in vitro between stability and the amount of rhodopsin at the plasma membrane. Rhodopsin is drastically reduced on the surface of cells transfected with variants that differ in their inherent stability from the wild-type by more than 2 kcal/mol. Below this threshold, surface levels are closer to those of the wild-type. CONCLUSIONS There is a correlation between the stability of rhodopsin mutations and disease severity and levels of membrane-bound rhodopsin. Measuring membrane-bound rhodopsin with flow cytometry could improve prognoses for poorly characterized mutations and could provide a platform for measuring the effectiveness of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard McKeone
- Department of Molecular Ophthalmology, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Matthew Wikstrom
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Christina Kiel
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. Elizabeth Rakoczy
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
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Simões-Correia J, Silva DI, Melo S, Figueiredo J, Caldeira J, Pinto MT, Girão H, Pereira P, Seruca R. DNAJB4 molecular chaperone distinguishes WT from mutant E-cadherin, determining their fate in vitro and in vivo. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:2094-105. [PMID: 24293545 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin (Ecad) is a well-known invasion suppressor and its loss of expression is common in invasive carcinomas. Germline Ecad mutations are the only known genetic cause of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), demonstrating the causative role of Ecad impairment in gastric cancer. HDGC-associated Ecad missense mutations can lead to folding defects and premature proteasome-dependent endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), but the molecular determinants for this fate were unidentified. Using a Drosophila-based genetic screen, we found that Drosophila DnaJ-1 interacts with wild type (WT) and mutant human Ecad in vivo. DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 4 (DNAJB4), the human homolog of DnaJ-1, influences Ecad localization and stability even in the absence of Ecad endogenous promoter, suggesting a post-transcriptional level of regulation. Increased expression of DNAJB4 leads to stabilization of WT Ecad in the plasma membrane, while it induces premature degradation of unfolded HDGC mutants in the proteasome. The interaction between DNAJB4 and Ecad is direct, and is increased in the context of the unfolded mutant E757K, especially when proteasome degradation is inhibited, suggesting that DNAJB4 is a molecular mediator of ERAD. Post-translational regulation of native Ecad by DNAJB4 molecular chaperone is sufficient to influence cell adhesion in vitro. Using a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay with gastric cancer derived cells, we demonstrate that DNAJB4 stimulates the anti-invasive function of WT Ecad in vivo. Additionally, the expression of DNAJB4 and Ecad is concomitantly decreased in human gastric carcinomas. Altogether, we demonstrate that DNAJB4 is a sensor of Ecad structural features that might contribute to gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Simões-Correia
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
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Garziera M, Canzonieri V, Cannizzaro R, Geremia S, Caggiari L, De Zorzi M, Maiero S, Orzes E, Perin T, Zanussi S, De Paoli P, De Re V. Identification and characterization of CDH1 germline variants in sporadic gastric cancer patients and in individuals at risk of gastric cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77035. [PMID: 24204729 PMCID: PMC3812172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To screen and characterize germline variants for E-cadherin (CDH1) in non-hereditary gastric cancer (GC) patients and in subjects at risk of GC. Methods 59 GCs, 59 first degree relatives (FDRs) of GC, 20 autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAGs) and 52 blood donors (BDs) were analyzed for CDH1 by direct sequencing, structural modelling and bioinformatics. Functional impact on splicing was assessed for intronic mutations. E-cadherin/β-catenin immunohistochemical staining and E-cadherin mRNA quantification using RT-PCR were performed. Results In GCs, 4 missense variants (p.G274S; p.A298T; p.T470I; p.A592T), 1 mutation in the 5′UTR (−71C>G) and 1 mutation in the intronic IVS12 (c.1937-13T>C) region were found. First pathogenic effect of p.A298T mutation was predicted by protein 3D modelling. The novel p.G274S mutation showed a no clear functional significance. Moreover, first, intronic IVS12 (c.1937-13T>C) mutation was demonstrated to lead to an aberrant CDH1 transcript with exon 11 deletion. This mutation was found in 2 GCs and in 1 BD. In FDRs, we identified 4 variants: the polymorphic (p.A592T) and 3 mutations in untranslated regions with unidentified functional role except for the 5′UTR (−54G>C) that had been found to decrease CDH1 transcription. In AMAGs, we detected 2 alterations: 1 missense (p.A592T) and 1 novel variant (IVS1 (c.48+7C>T)) without effect on CDH1 splicing. Several silent and polymorphic substitutions were found in all the groups studied. Conclusions Overall our study improves upon the current characterization of CDH1 mutations and their functional role in GC and in individuals at risk of GC. Mutations found in untranslated regions and data on splicing effects deserve a particular attention like associated with a reduced E-cadherin amount. The utility of CDH1 screening, in addition to the identification of other risk factors, could be useful for the early detection of GC in subjects at risk (i.e. FDRs and AMAGs), and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Garziera
- Departement of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- CEB-Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Caggiari
- Departement of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Mariangela De Zorzi
- Departement of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Stefania Maiero
- Gastroenterology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Enrico Orzes
- Gastroenterology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Stefania Zanussi
- Microbiology-Immunology and Virology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Paolo De Paoli
- Scientific Director, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Valli De Re
- Departement of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Carneiro P, Figueiredo J, Bordeira-Carriço R, Fernandes MS, Carvalho J, Oliveira C, Seruca R. Therapeutic targets associated to E-cadherin dysfunction in gastric cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1187-201. [PMID: 23957294 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.827174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) plays a key role in epithelial cell-cell adhesion, contributing to tissue differentiation and homeostasis. Throughout the past decades, research has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying E-cadherin's role in tumor progression, namely in invasion and metastization. Emerging evidence established E-cadherin as a tumor suppressor and suggests that targeting E-cadherin or downstream signaling molecules may constitute effective cancer therapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review aims to cover E-cadherin-mediated signaling during cancer development and progression and highlight putative therapeutic targets. EXPERT OPINION Reconstitution of E-cadherin expression or targeting of E-cadherin downstream molecules holds promise in cancer therapies. Considering the high frequency of CDH1 promoter hypermethylation as a second hit in malignant lesions from hereditary diffuse gastric cancer patients, histone deacetylase inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents in combination with conventional chemotherapy, specifically in initial tumor stages. Concerning E-cadherin-mediated signaling, we propose that HER receptors (as epidermal growth factor receptor) and Notch downstream targets are clinically relevant and should be considered in gastric cancer therapeutics and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Carneiro
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto , Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto , Portugal +00351 225570700 ; +00351 225570799 ;
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Gulati S, Cheng TMK, Bates PA. Cancer networks and beyond: interpreting mutations using the human interactome and protein structure. Semin Cancer Biol 2013; 23:219-26. [PMID: 23680723 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, with the advances in next-generation sequencing, a large number of cancer mutations have been identified and accumulated in public repositories. Coupled to this is our increased ability to generate detailed interactome maps that help to enrich our knowledge of the biological implications of cancer mutations. As a result, network analysis approaches have become an invaluable tool to predict and interpret mutations that are associated with tumour survival and progression. Our understanding of cancer mechanisms is further enhanced by mapping protein structure information to such networks. Here we review the current methodologies for annotating the functional impacts of cancer mutations, which range from analysis of protein structures to protein-protein interaction network studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Gulati
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
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McCorvie TJ, Timson DJ. In silico prediction of the effects of mutations in the human UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase gene: towards a predictive framework for type III galactosemia. Gene 2013; 524:95-104. [PMID: 23644136 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme UDP-galactose 4'-epimerase (GALE) catalyses the reversible epimerisation of both UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetyl-galactosamine. Deficiency of the human enzyme (hGALE) is associated with type III galactosemia. The majority of known mutations in hGALE are missense and private thus making clinical guidance difficult. In this study a bioinformatics approach was employed to analyse the structural effects due to each mutation using both the UDP-glucose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine bound structures of the wild-type protein. Changes to the enzyme's overall stability, substrate/cofactor binding and propensity to aggregate were also predicted. These predictions were found to be in good agreement with previous in vitro and in vivo studies when data was available and allowed for the differentiation of those mutants that severely impair the enzyme's activity against UDP-galactose. Next this combination of techniques were applied to another twenty-six reported variants from the NCBI dbSNP database that have yet to be studied to predict their effects. This identified p.I14T, p.R184H and p.G302R as likely severely impairing mutations. Although severely impaired mutants were predicted to decrease the protein's stability, overall predicted stability changes only weakly correlated with residual activity against UDP-galactose. This suggests other protein functions such as changes in cofactor and substrate binding may also contribute to the mechanism of impairment. Finally this investigation shows that this combination of different in silico approaches is useful in predicting the effects of mutations and that it could be the basis of an initial prediction of likely clinical severity when new hGALE mutants are discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J McCorvie
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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Esménio S, Figueiredo J, Seruca R, Sanches JM. E-Cadherin Radial Distribution Characterization for Mutation Detection Purposes. PATTERN RECOGNITION AND IMAGE ANALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Vogelaar IP, Figueiredo J, van Rooij IALM, Simões-Correia J, van der Post RS, Melo S, Seruca R, Carels CEL, Ligtenberg MJL, Hoogerbrugge N. Identification of germline mutations in the cancer predisposing gene CDH1 in patients with orofacial clefts. Hum Mol Genet 2012. [PMID: 23197654 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFC) are among the most common birth defects worldwide. The etiology of non-syndromic OFC is still largely unknown. During embryonic development, the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin, encoded by CDH1, is highly expressed in the median edge epithelium of the palate. Furthermore, in multiple families with CDH1 mutations, OFC cases are observed. To determine whether CDH1 is a causative gene for non-syndromic OFC and to assess whether CDH1 mutation screening in non-syndromic OFC patients enables identification of families at risk of cancer, direct sequencing of the full coding sequence of CDH1 was performed in a cohort of 81 children with non-syndromic OFC. Eleven children had heterozygous CDH1 sequence variants, 5 cases with 4 distinct missense mutations and 8 cases with 4 intronic variants. Using a combination of in silico predictions and in vitro functional assays, three missense mutations in four non-syndromic OFC patients were predicted to be damaging to E-cadherin protein function. The intronic variants including one tested in an in vitro assay appeared to be benign, showing no influence on splicing. Functionally relevant heterozygous CDH1 missense mutations were found in 4 out of 81 (5%) patients with non-syndromic OFC. This finding opens a new pathway to reveal the molecular basis of non-syndromic OFC. Cancer risk among carriers of these mutations needs to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid P Vogelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
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Folliculin, the product of the Birt-Hogg-Dube tumor suppressor gene, interacts with the adherens junction protein p0071 to regulate cell-cell adhesion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47842. [PMID: 23139756 PMCID: PMC3490959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) is a tumor suppressor gene syndrome associated with fibrofolliculomas, cystic lung disease, and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. In seeking to elucidate the pathogenesis of BHD, we discovered a physical interaction between folliculin (FLCN), the protein product of the BHD gene, and p0071, an armadillo repeat containing protein that localizes to the cytoplasm and to adherens junctions. Adherens junctions are one of the three cell-cell junctions that are essential to the establishment and maintenance of the cellular architecture of all epithelial tissues. Surprisingly, we found that downregulation of FLCN leads to increased cell-cell adhesion in functional cell-based assays and disruption of cell polarity in a three-dimensional lumen-forming assay, both of which are phenocopied by downregulation of p0071. These data indicate that the FLCN-p0071 protein complex is a negative regulator of cell-cell adhesion. We also found that FLCN positively regulates RhoA activity and Rho-associated kinase activity, consistent with the only known function of p0071. Finally, to examine the role of Flcn loss on cell-cell adhesion in vivo, we utilized keratin-14 cre-recombinase (K14-cre) to inactivate Flcn in the mouse epidermis. The K14-Cre-Bhd(flox/flox) mice have striking delays in eyelid opening, wavy fur, hair loss, and epidermal hyperplasia with increased levels of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. These data support a model in which dysregulation of the FLCN-p0071 interaction leads to alterations in cell adhesion, cell polarity, and RhoA signaling, with broad implications for the role of cell-cell adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of human disease, including emphysema and renal cell carcinoma.
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The importance of E-cadherin binding partners to evaluate the pathogenicity of E-cadherin missense mutations associated to HDGC. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:301-9. [PMID: 22850631 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC), CDH1 germline gene alterations are causative events in 30% of the cases. In 20% of HDGC families, CDH1 germline mutations are of the missense type and the mutation carriers constitute a problem in terms of genetic counseling and surveillance. To access the pathogenic relevance of missense mutations, we have previously developed an in vitro method to functionally characterize them. Pathogenic E-cadherin missense mutants fail to aggregate and become more invasive, in comparison with cells expressing the wild-type (WT) protein. Herein, our aim was to develop a complementary method to unravel the pathogenic significance of E-cadherin missense mutations. We used cells stably expressing WT E-cadherin and seven HDGC-associated mutations (five intracellular and two extracellular) and studied by proximity ligation assays (PLA) how these mutants bind to fundamental regulators of E-cadherin function and trafficking. We focused our attention on the interaction with: p120, β-catenin, PIPKIγ and Hakai. We showed that cytoplasmic E-cadherin mutations affect the interaction of one or more binding partners, compromising the E-cadherin stability at the plasma membrane and likely affecting the adhesion complex competence. In the present work, we demonstrated that the study of the interplay between E-cadherin and its binding partners, using PLA, is an easy, rapid, quantitative and highly reproducible technique that can be applied in routine labs to verify the pathogenicity of E-cadherin missense mutants for HDGC diagnosis, especially those located in the intracellular domain of the protein.
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Carneiro P, Fernandes MS, Figueiredo J, Caldeira J, Carvalho J, Pinheiro H, Leite M, Melo S, Oliveira P, Simões-Correia J, Oliveira MJ, Carneiro F, Figueiredo C, Paredes J, Oliveira C, Seruca R. E-cadherin dysfunction in gastric cancer--cellular consequences, clinical applications and open questions. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2981-9. [PMID: 22841718 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin plays a major role in cell-cell adhesion and inactivating germline mutations in its encoding gene predispose to hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. Evidence indicates that aside from its recognized role in early tumourigenesis, E-cadherin is also pivotal for tumour progression, including invasion and metastization. Herein, we discuss E-cadherin alterations found in a cancer context, associated cellular effects and signalling pathways, and we raise new key questions that will impact in the management of GC patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Carneiro
- IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, Porto, Portugal
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