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Veríssimo SN, Cunha SC, Fernandes JO, Casero M, Ramos JA, Norte AC, Paiva VH. Dynamics and effects of plastic contaminants' assimilation in gulls. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106396. [PMID: 38341982 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are persistent disrupters assimilated by organisms, yet little is known about their link to plastic ingestion and health effects. In an experiment, two groups of yellow-legged/lesser black-backed gulls (Larus michahellis/Larus fuscus) were fed plastics with BDE99 to assess leaching into brain, preen oil, liver and fat tissues and evaluate effects on health and stress parameters. Although most plastic was regurgitated, we observed a clear relation between plastic ingestion and chemical leaching. BDE99 exhibited higher levels in brain tissue of gulls from the plastic groups. Also, only values of cholinesterases measured in plasma were significantly reduced in the 'plastic' groups. Cholinesterase activity in the brain also tended to decrease, suggesting a negative effect in gulls' neurofunction. Results indicate that chemical leaching occurs, even when plastics stay in the stomach for a short period of time and showed that this can affect gulls' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Veríssimo
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Casero
- Wildlife Rehabilitation and Investigation Center (RIAS) - Associação ALDEIA, Ria Formosa Natural Park, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Jaime A Ramos
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Norte
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vitor H Paiva
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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Bjedov D, Velki M, Lackmann C, Begović L, Mikuška T, Jurinović L, Mikuška A. Blood biomarkers in white stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings show different responses in several areas of Croatia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 337:547-558. [PMID: 35201670 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
White stork nestlings can provide quantitative data on the quality of the environment, as they are dependent on their parents that provide locally foraged food. Blood was sampled from the brachial vein (n = 109) and the sampling was performed in parallel with ringing during breeding season 2020 from five areas in eastern Croatia: Lonjsko polje, Jelas polje, Slavonski Brod-east, Podunavlje, and Donje Podravlje. In the present study, for the first time in Croatia, the following enzymatic biomarkers were assessed in white stork nestlings: activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as nonenzymatic biomarkers: levels of glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). All endpoints were measured in two blood fractions: plasma and a postmitochondrial fraction (S9). Nestlings from Podunavlje and Donje Podravlje, areas known for intensive agriculture, showed lower AChE and CES activity when compared to the other investigated areas, indicating the presence of inhibitory xenobiotics. Higher oxidative stress was observed in Slavonski Brod-east, an area surrounded by metal and engineering industry, and Podunavlje compared to the other sampling areas. Hence, this study shows the impact of pollutants from the surrounding metal, petroleum, and agricultural industry might have on the biomarkers in white stork nestlings, which are often seen as early-warning signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Bjedov
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirna Velki
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Carina Lackmann
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lidija Begović
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tibor Mikuška
- Croatian Society for Birds and Nature Protection, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Luka Jurinović
- Poultry Centre, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alma Mikuška
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Bjedov D, Mikuška A, Lackmann C, Begović L, Mikuška T, Velki M. Application of Non-Destructive Methods: Biomarker Assays in Blood of White Stork ( Ciconia ciconia) Nestlings. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2341. [PMID: 34438798 PMCID: PMC8388685 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
White stork (Ciconia ciconia) nestlings can provide quantitative information on the quality of the surrounding environment by indicating the presence of pollutants, as they depend on locally foraged food. This study represents the first comparison of biomarkers in two fractions of white stork nestling blood: plasma and S9 (the post-mitochondrial fraction). The aim of this study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CES), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as to establish a novel fluorescence-based method for glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection in plasma and S9. Considering the enzymatic biomarkers, lower variability in plasma was detected only for AChE, as CES, GST, and GR had lower variability in S9. Enzyme activity was higher in plasma for AChE, CES, and GST, while GR had higher activity in S9. Regarding the fluorescence-based method, lower variability was detected in plasma for GSH and ROS, although higher GSH detection was reported in S9, and higher ROS was detected in plasma. The present study indicated valuable differences by successfully establishing protocols for biomarker measurement in plasma and S9 based on variability, enzyme activity, and fluorescence. For a better understanding of the environmental effects on nestlings' physiological condition, biomarkers can be measured in plasma and S9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Bjedov
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (D.B.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Alma Mikuška
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (D.B.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Carina Lackmann
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt-Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lidija Begović
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (D.B.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Tibor Mikuška
- Croatian Society for Birds and Nature Protection, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Mirna Velki
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (D.B.); (A.M.); (L.B.)
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Tsarpali V, Kassara C, Barboutis C, Papadimitraki M, Kloukinioti M, Giokas S, Dailianis S. Assessing the seasonal and intrinsic variability of neurotoxic and cyto-genotoxic biomarkers in blood of free-living Eleonoras' falcons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:135101. [PMID: 32000341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated seasonal and intrinsic variability of neurotoxic and cyto-genotoxic biomarkers in blood plasma and erythrocytes of free-living Eleonoras' falcons, captured during the pre-breeding (May of 2017 and 2018) and breeding period (September of 2017) on the Antikythira Island (Greece). Specifically, blood samples of captured birds were prepared for the determination of cholinesterase (ChEs, i.e. acetylcholinesterase/AChE and butyrylcholinesterase/ BChE) activity, as well as the formation of nuclear (i.e. the formation of micronuclei into the cells/MN, binucleated cells/BN and others), and cellular/cytoplasmic (i.e. echinocytes/EC, acanthocytes/AC and notched cells/NC) abnormalities in blood plasma and erythrocytes, respectively. Our results indicated that birds sampled in late May had higher ChE and BChE activity levels, as well as higher frequency of total nuclear abnormalities. The latter were also higher in second calendar year (2cy) birds. Cellular/cytoplasmic abnormalities were less frequent in falcons having better body condition, sampled in late May, as well as in light-morph falcons. The observed ChEs activities, as well as nuclear and cellular/cytoplasmic abnormalities revealed that Eleonora's falcons are likely to be exposed to chemical agents with neurotoxic and cyto-genotoxic potential year round, while different aspects of their biology and ecology, such as their reproductive and nutritional status, could mediate their levels. Although we encourage more sampling campaigns to verify the identified seasonal and intrinsic sources of variation in biomarkers tested, the current study enriches the existing knowledge about their usefulness in the environmental monitoring and risk assessment of migratory birds, like Eleonoras' falcon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsarpali
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Christina Kassara
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Barboutis
- Antikythira Bird Observatory, Hellenic Ornithological Society/BirdLife Greece, Themistokleous str. 80, GR-10681 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papadimitraki
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Kloukinioti
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Sinos Giokas
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece.
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Araújo MJ, Quintaneiro C, Soares AMVM, Monteiro MS. Effects of triclosan on early development of Solea senegalensis: from biochemical to individual level. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:885-899. [PMID: 31284137 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmful effects of triclosan (TCS) have been reported on several organisms; however, effects on early life stages of marine vertebrates are limited. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of TCS during early development of the flatfish Solea senegalensis after initial characterization of cholinesterases (ChEs) and determination of selected biochemical markers baseline levels. Characterization of ChEs and determination of biochemical markers baseline levels of cholinergic activity, energy metabolism and oxidative stress were analysed in sole at 3 days after hatching (dah) and at the onset and end of metamorphosis. To assess TCS effects, fish were exposed during 96h to 30-500 μg L-1 TCS until 3 dah. Fish at 13 dah were exposed during 48h to 200-1,500 μg L-1 TCS and maintained until complete metamorphosis. Effects on survival, malformations, length, metamorphosis progression and biochemical markers were evaluated. The main ChE active form present in sole early life stages is acetylcholinesterase and baseline levels of oxidative stress and energy metabolism biomarkers changed according to fish developmental stage. Triclosan induced malformations (EC50 = 180 μg L-1 at 3 dah), decreased growth (95 μg L-1 at 3 dah; 548 μg L-1 at 24 dah) and affected metamorphosis progression (391 μg L-1 at 17 dah). Impairment of antioxidant system was observed, with TCS affecting catalase at the end of metamorphosis test, however, no oxidative damage on lipids was detected. Glutathione S-transferase was the most sensitive endpoint during early larval test (LOEC = 30 μg L-1). Exposure to TCS affected S. senegalensis at individual and sub-individual levels, both at early larval stage and during the critical period of metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Araújo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - C Quintaneiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M S Monteiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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Rodrigues C, Bio A, Guimarães L, Fernandes VC, Delerue-Matos C, Vieira N. Assessing the ecological status of fluvial ecosystems employing a macroinvertebrate multi-taxon and multi-biomarker approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:503. [PMID: 31332534 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are recognised sensitive early-warning tools of biological effects in aquatic organisms. In this scope, the main aim of this study was to investigate the potential usefulness of a battery of biomarkers, evaluated in different benthic macroinvertebrate taxa, to discriminate aquatic ecosystems with different levels of ecological status and to provide further clues supporting environmental management. The study took place during the autumn of 2013 and the spring and summer of 2014, and the study cases were two Mediterranean rivers (Âncora and Ferreira rivers), differing in their ecological status. The biomarkers determined are widely employed and comprise a large set of biochemical responses: the activity of enzymes (cholinesterases, glutathione S-transferases, catalase and lactate dehydrogenase) and the levels of lipid peroxidation. They were assessed seasonally and in different macroinvertebrate taxa. Thirteen water physico-chemical parameters were also seasonally determined, and the concentration of seven organophosphorus pesticides and the percentage of 32 trace metals in sediments were determined in the spring. This is particularly useful for water management. Based on this, authorities can take actions to prevent further damage in the ecological status. Multivariate analyses showed distinct patterns of biological response for the Calopteryx spp., Chironomidae and Baetis spp. taxa. Calopteryx spp. and Chironomidae, in particular, showed distinct response patterns for the two rivers, which were fairly stable across seasons. This study sets the foundations for future cost-effective biomonitoring campaigns in Mediterranean rivers, allowing to establish historical data important to understand ecosystem evolution, as well as baseline levels of diagnostic biomarkers in informative macroinvertebrate taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodrigues
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Bio
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Virgínia C Fernandes
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, REQUIMTE/LAQV, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natividade Vieira
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
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Pereira BVR, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Costa MJ, Dos Santos ACA, do Carmo JB, Nunes B. Cholinesterases characterization of three tropical fish species, and their sensitivity towards specific contaminants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:482-493. [PMID: 30802737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterases are frequent targets for toxic effects, namely by insecticides derived from phosphoric and carbamic acids. This effects allows the use of cholinesterase inhibition as a biomarker for contamination of aquatic environments by these specific chemical agents. However, cholinesterases are differently responsive to environmental contaminants, according to their different forms and locations. In addition, cholinesterases seem also to be inhibited by metals, so their use as an environmental criterion requires the prior characterization of their specific forms in each species and tissues, and the study of their sensitivity. The objective of this study was to characterize the cholinesterase isoenzymes present in the brain and dorsal muscle of three tropical fish species, namely Phalloceros harpagos (Lucinda, 2008), Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) and Astyanax altiparanae (Garutti and Britski, 2000). In vitro assays were conducted to quantify the effect of pesticides (dimethoate and carbaryl) and metals (lead and copper) on cholinesterases activity. Although acetylcholinesterase seems to be the most prevalent and abundant form, as commonly described in vertebrates, the here-obtained results showed that three cholinesterase isoenzymes occur in tissues of the three fish species. In addition, the pesticide carbaryl caused a stronger inhibition than dimethoate. Copper caused a significantly higher cholinesterasic inhibition than lead, which is also in line with most results concerning the anticholinesterasic effects by these metals. The here obtained results allowed to conclude that acetylcholinesterase is the predominant form in all tissues from the three analyzed species. In addition, cholinesterases of these three fish were responsive to common environmental contaminants, namely metals and pesticides, similarly to what was already described for fish of temperate areas. This allows using the here proposed fish species in environmental studies for the assessment of the presence of neurotoxicants under neotropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz V R Pereira
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine C M Silva-Zacarin
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica Jones Costa
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - André Cordeiro Alves Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaina Braga do Carmo
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Morcillo SM, Perego MC, Vizuete J, Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Fidalgo LE, López-Beceiro A, Míguez MP, Soler F, Pérez-López M. Reference intervals for B-esterases in gull, Larus michahellis (Nauman, 1840) from Northwest Spain: influence of age, gender, and tissue. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1533-1542. [PMID: 29098577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, cholinesterase (ChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE) activities have been increasingly used in environmental biomonitoring to detect the exposure to anticholinesterase insecticides such as organophosphorates (OPs) and carbamates (CBs). The aim of this study was to determine ChE and CbE enzymatic activities present in liver and muscle of yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis), a seabird species considered suitable to monitor environmental pollution. In order to provide reference data for further biomonitoring studies, the influence of different factors, such as gender, age, sampling mode, and tissue, was considered in the present study. Our data report a statistically significant difference in CbE enzymatic activity comparing liver and muscle samples (P < 0.05) along with an age-related CbE activity in liver samples (P < 0.05). Moreover, according to our results, capture method might influence CbE and ChE activity in both liver and muscle samples (P < 0.05). These findings underline the importance to assess basal levels of ChE and CbE activity considering, among other factors, gender-, age- and organ-related differences and confirm the suitability of Larus michahellis as a sentinel species especially within an urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Chiara Perego
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003, Caceres, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Jorge Vizuete
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cortinovis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Luis Eusebio Fidalgo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (USC), 27003, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ana López-Beceiro
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (USC), 27003, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Prado Míguez
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Francisco Soler
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003, Caceres, Spain
| | - Marcos Pérez-López
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003, Caceres, Spain.
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Champoux L, Boily M, Fitzgerald G. Thyroid Hormones, Retinol and Clinical Parameters in Relation to Mercury and Organohalogen Contaminants in Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) Nestlings from the St. Lawrence River, Québec, Canada. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 72:200-214. [PMID: 28102440 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The exposure and effects of persistent environmental contaminants were investigated in great blue heron (Ardea herodias) nestlings sampled in 2001, 2002, 2006, and 2007 in freshwater and estuarine heronries along the St. Lawrence River, Québec (Canada). Biomarkers (retinoids, thyroid hormones, and clinical parameters) and contaminants (organochlorine contaminants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and mercury (Hg)) were analyzed in blood, and Hg was analyzed in feathers (generally 9 nestlings per colony and 4 colonies per year). Feather Hg and most contaminants detected in blood were found in higher concentrations in birds from freshwater than estuarine colonies more distant from the pollution sources. Among freshwater colonies, Ile aux Hérons showed the highest levels of contaminants, with mean Hg concentrations of 8.4 and 0.55 mg/kg in feathers and plasma, respectively, and plasma ΣBFRs of 19.6 ng/g ww. The highest mean ΣPCBs, 56.5 ng/g ww, was measured at Grande Ile in 2001. The levels of contaminants in heron nestlings were generally below critical thresholds for adverse effects observed on reproduction or survival. Retinol, dehydroretinol (DROH), and thyroid hormone concentrations differed significantly among colonies. Retinol concentrations were negatively related to ΣPCBs, whereas DROH concentrations were negatively related to Hg and total and free triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were negatively related to ΣBFRs. These results indicate that contaminants from the St. Lawrence River could impair the development and fitness of great blue heron nestlings and emphasize the need for more research on the great blue heron population to assess their health and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Champoux
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 801-1550 av d'Estimauville, Québec, QC, G1J 0C3, Canada.
| | - Monique Boily
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Guy Fitzgerald
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
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DEVELOPMENT OF REFERENCE RANGES FOR PLASMA TOTAL CHOLINESTERASE AND BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FREE-RANGING CARNABY'S BLACK-COCKATOOS (CALYPTORHYNCHUS LATIROSTRIS). J Wildl Dis 2016; 52:592-8. [PMID: 27195690 DOI: 10.7589/2015-02-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Published avian reference ranges for plasma cholinesterase (ChE) and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are numerous. However, a consistently reported recommendation is the need for species- and laboratory-specific reference ranges because of variables, including assay methods, sample storage conditions, season, and bird sex, age, and physiologic status. We developed normal reference ranges for brain AChE and plasma total ChE (tChE) activity for Carnaby's Black-Cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) using a standardized protocol (substrate acetylthiocholine at 25 C). We report reference ranges for brain AChE (19-41 μmol/min per g, mean 21±6.38) and plasma tChE (0.41-0.53 μmol/min per mL, mean 0.47±0.11) (n=15). This information will be of use in the ongoing field investigation of a paresis-paralysis syndrome in the endangered Carnaby's Black-Cockatoos, suspected to be associated with exposure to anticholinesterase compounds and add to the paucity of reference ranges for plasma tChE and brain AChE in Australian psittacine birds.
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Pestana JLT, Novais SC, Lemos MFL, Soares AMVM. Cholinesterase activity in the caddisfly Sericostoma vittatum: Biochemical enzyme characterization and in vitro effects of insecticides and psychiatric drugs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:263-268. [PMID: 24726938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sericostoma vittatum is a caddisfly species, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, proposed as a biomonitor species for lotic ecosystems. Since inhibition of cholinesterases׳ (ChE) activity has been used to evaluate the exposure of macroinvertebrates to organophosphates and carbamate pesticides, this work intended to characterize the ChE present in this species so their activity can be used as a potential biomarker of exposure. Biochemical and pharmacological properties of ChE were characterized in this caddisfly species using different substrates (acetylthiocholine iodide, propionylthiocholine iodide, and butyrylthiocholine iodide) and selective inhibitors (eserine sulfate, BW284c51, and iso-OMPA). Also, the in vitro effects of two insecticides (carbaryl and chlorantraniliprole) and two psychiatric drugs (fluoxetine and carbamazepine) on ChE activity were investigated. The results suggest that S. vittatum possess mainly AChE able to hydrolyze both substrates acetylthiocholine and propionylthiocholine since: (1) it hydrolyzes the substrate acetylthiocholine and propionylcholine at similar rates and butyrylthiocholine at a much lower rate; (2) it is highly sensitive to eserine sulfate and BW284c51, but not to iso-OMPA; and (3) its activity is inhibited by excess of substrate, a characteristic of typical AChE. in vitro inhibitions were observed only for carbaryl exposure while exposure to chlorantraniliprole and to relevant environmental concentrations of psychiatric drugs did not cause any significant effect on AChE activity. This study suggests that AChE activity in caddisflies can indeed be used to discriminate the effects of specific insecticides in monitoring programs. The use of non-target species such as caddisflies in ecotoxicological research in lotic ecosystems is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L T Pestana
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sara C Novais
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; ESTM & GIRM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; ESTM & GIRM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Lopes RM, Filho MVS, de Salles JB, Bastos VLFC, Bastos JC. Cholinesterase activity of muscle tissue from freshwater fishes: characterization and sensitivity analysis to the organophosphate methyl-paraoxon. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:1331-1336. [PMID: 24648156 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical characterization of cholinesterases (ChE) from different teleost species has been a critical step in ensuring the proper use of ChE activity levels as biomarkers in environmental monitoring programs. In the present study, ChE from Oreochromis niloticus, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Leporinus macrocephalus, and Prochilodus lineatus was biochemically characterized by specific substrates and inhibitors. Moreover, muscle tissue ChE sensitivity to the organophosphate pesticide methyl-paraoxon was evaluated by determining the inhibition kinetic constants for its progressive irreversible inhibition by methyl-paraoxon as well as the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for 30 min for each species. The present results indicate that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) must be present in the muscle from P. mesopotamicus, L. macrocephalus, and P. lineatus and that O. niloticus possesses an atypical cholinesterase or AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Furthermore, there is a large difference regarding the sensitivity of these enzymes to methyl-paraoxon. The determined IC50 values for 30 min were 70 nM (O. niloticus), 258 nM (P. lineatus), 319 nM (L. macrocephalus), and 1578 nM (P. mesopotamicus). The results of the present study also indicate that the use of efficient methods for extracting these enzymes, their kinetic characterization, and determination of sensitivity differences between AChE and BChE to organophosphate compounds are essential for the determination of accurate ChE activity levels for environmental monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Matos Lopes
- Laboratório de Comunicação Celular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Oropesa AL, Gravato C, Sánchez S, Soler F. Characterization of plasma cholinesterase from the White stork (Ciconia ciconia) and its in vitro inhibition by anticholinesterase pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 97:131-138. [PMID: 23962622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity is a sensitive biomarker of exposure to organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) insecticides in vertebrates. Several studies indicate that more than one ChE form may be present in blood of birds. In this study the predominant ChE activity (acetylcholinesterase - AChE- or butyrylcholinesterase - BChE-), the range of ChE activity as well as ChE age-dependent changes in non-exposed individuals of White stork (Ciconia ciconia) have been established. The in vitro sensitivity of ChE to OP and CB insecticides such as paraoxon-methyl, carbofuran and carbaryl was also investigated. Plasma ChE was characterised using three substrates (acetylthiocholine iodide, propionylthiocholine iodide, and S-butyrylthiocholine iodide) and three ChE inhibitors (eserine sulphate, BW284C51 and iso-OMPA). The results indicated that propionylthiocholine was the preferred substrate by plasma cholinesterase followed by acetylcholine and butyrylcholine and the predominant enzymatic activity in plasma of White storks was BChE. Normal plasma BChE activity in White stork was 0.32±0.01μmol/min/ml for adults and 0.28±0.03μmol/min/ml for juveniles. So, the age had no significant effect on the range of BChE activity. The study on the in vitro inhibitory potential of tested anticholinesterase pesticides on plasma ChE activity revealed that paraoxon-methyl is the most potent inhibitor followed by carbofuran and finally by carbaryl. The percentage of in vitro plasma ChE inhibition was observed to be similar between adults and juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Lourdes Oropesa
- Toxicology Area, School of Veterinary, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
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