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Bejaoui B, Sdiri C, Ben Souf I, Belhadj Slimen I, Ben Larbi M, Koumba S, Martin P, M'Hamdi N. Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Markers, and Meat Quality as Affected by Heat Stress: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083332. [PMID: 37110566 PMCID: PMC10147039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most stressful events in livestock life, negatively impacting animal health, productivity, and product quality. Moreover, the negative impact of heat stress on animal product quality has recently attracted increasing public awareness and concern. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of heat stress on the quality and the physicochemical component of meat in ruminants, pigs, rabbits, and poultry. Based on PRISMA guidelines, research articles were identified, screened, and summarized based on inclusion criteria for heat stress on meat safety and quality. Data were obtained from the Web of Science. Many studies reported the increased incidences of heat stress on animal welfare and meat quality. Although heat stress impacts can be variable depending on the severity and duration, the exposure of animals to heat stress (HS) can affect meat quality. Recent studies have shown that HS not only causes physiological and metabolic disturbances in living animals but also alters the rate and extent of glycolysis in postmortem muscles, resulting in changes in pH values that affect carcasses and meat. It has been shown to have a plausible effect on quality and antioxidant activity. Acute heat stress just before slaughter stimulates muscle glycogenolysis and can result in pale, tender, and exudative (PSE) meat characterized by low water-holding capacity (WHC). The enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) act by scavenging both intracellular and extracellular superoxide radicals and preventing the lipid peroxidation of the plasma membrane. Therefore, understanding and controlling environmental conditions is crucial to successful animal production and product safety. The objective of this review was to investigate the effects of HS on meat quality and antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochra Bejaoui
- Laboratory of Useful Materials, National Institute of Research and Pysico-Chemical Analysis (INRAP), Technopark of Sidi Thabet, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Chaima Sdiri
- Research Laboratory of Ecosystems & Aquatic Resources, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Ikram Ben Souf
- Research Laboratory of Ecosystems & Aquatic Resources, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Imen Belhadj Slimen
- Department of Animal Sciences, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Materials, Molecules, and Application, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, B.P. 51, La Marsa, Tunis 2078, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ben Larbi
- LR13AGR02, Higher School of Agriculture, University of Carthage, Mateur 7030, Tunisia
| | - Sidrine Koumba
- Unité Transformations & Agroressources, ULR7519, Université d'Artois-UniLaSalle, F-62408 Bethune, France
| | - Patrick Martin
- Unité Transformations & Agroressources, ULR7519, Université d'Artois-UniLaSalle, F-62408 Bethune, France
| | - Naceur M'Hamdi
- Research Laboratory of Ecosystems & Aquatic Resources, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, Carthage University, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
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Dai J, Wang H, Liao Y, Tan L, Sun Y, Song C, Liu W, Ding C, Luo T, Qiu X. Non-Targeted Metabolomic Analysis of Chicken Kidneys in Response to Coronavirus IBV Infection Under Stress Induced by Dexamethasone. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:945865. [PMID: 35909955 PMCID: PMC9335950 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.945865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress in poultry can lead to changes in body metabolism and immunity, which can increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. However, knowledge regarding chicken responses to viral infection under stress is limited. Dexamethasone (Dex) is a synthetic glucocorticoid similar to that secreted by animals under stress conditions, and has been widely used to induce stress in chickens. Herein, we established a stress model in 7-day-old chickens injected with Dex to elucidate the effects of stress on IBV replication in the kidneys. The metabolic changes, immune status and growth of the chickens under stress conditions were comprehensively evaluated. Furthermore, the metabolic profile, weight gain, viral load, serum cholesterol levels, cytokines and peripheral blood lymphocyte ratio were compared in chickens treated with Dex and infected with IBV. An LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics method was used to examine differentially enriched metabolites in the kidneys. A total of 113 metabolites whose abundance was altered after Dex treatment were identified, most of which were lipids and lipid-like molecules. The principal metabolic alterations in chicken kidneys caused by IBV infection included fatty acid, valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism. Dex treatment before and after IBV infection mainly affected the host’s tryptophan, phenylalanine, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In addition, Dex led to up-regulation of serum cholesterol levels and renal viral load in chickens, and to the inhibition of weight gain, peripheral blood lymphocytes and IL-6 production. We also confirmed that the exogenous cholesterol in DF-1 cells promoted the replication of IBV. However, whether the increase in viral load in kidney tissue is associated with the up-regulation of cholesterol levels induced by Dex must be demonstrated in future experiments. In conclusion, chick growth and immune function were significantly inhibited by Dex. Host cholesterol metabolism and the response to IBV infection are regulated by Dex. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms in poultry stress, and should support further research on the intrinsic link between cholesterol metabolism and IBV replication under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tingrong Luo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Xusheng Qiu, ; Tingrong Luo,
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xusheng Qiu, ; Tingrong Luo,
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Shehata SF, Baloza SH, Elsokary MMM, Hashem NM, Khawanda MM. Effect of stocking density and vitamin E or zinc supplementation on growth, physiology, gene expression, and economic efficiency of growing broiler chicks. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:403. [PMID: 36435954 PMCID: PMC9701174 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A total of 636 1-day-old male Cobb chicks were randomly assigned to seven treatments. The chicks were offered feed and water ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The first three groups included different stocking densities of broiler birds (low stocking density, LSD: 23 kg/m2; medium stocking density, MSD: 34 kg birds/m2; and high stocking density HSD: 39 kg birds/m2). The LSD group was considered a control group. The other four groups included MSD or HSD broiler birds supplemented with either Vit E (100 mg/kg DM diet; MSDVE and HSDVE) or Zn (100 mg/kg DM diet; MSDZn and HSDZn) in their basal diet. The main findings indicated that HSD and MSD negatively affected (p < 0.05) all variables under investigation compared with LSD. Compared with LSD, broiler birds in the MSD and HSD groups had lower body weights and higher feed conversion ratios, higher concentrations of blood plasma hormones (triiodothyronine thyroxine and corticosterone), and downregulated expression levels of hepatic growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-l. In addition, broiler birds stocked at medium or high densities resulted in less economic return and profit. Vit E or Zn supplementation to broiler birds stocked at medium or high densities significantly reversed all adverse effects of HSD (> 23 kg/m2) on growth performance, hormones, and gene expression. It could be recommended that adding Zn at a level of 100 mg/kg per DM diet allows increasing the stocking density of broiler birds from 23 kg/m2 to 34 birds/m2 while maintaining the birds, welfare and economic profit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham F. Shehata
- Veterinary Economics and Farm Management, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, PO 137386 Egypt
| | - Samar H. Baloza
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, PO 137386 Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. M. Elsokary
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, PO 137386 Egypt ,Veterinary Medicine & Food Security Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, 17155 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nesrein M. Hashem
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545 Egypt
| | - Maha M. Khawanda
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, PO 137386 Egypt
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Li J, Yang C, Ran J, Yu C, Yin L, Li Z, Liu Y. The age-dependent variations for fatty acid composition and sensory quality of chicken meat and associations between gene expression patterns and meat quality. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li J, Yang C, Ren P, Lin Z, Zhang D, Jiang X, Wang L, Liu Y. Transcriptomics analysis of Daheng broilers reveals that PLIN2 regulates chicken preadipocyte proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7985-7997. [PMID: 34716501 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramuscular fat content, an important meat quality trait, strongly affects flavor, juiciness, and tenderness. Sex hormones regulate lipid metabolism, and female hormones stimulate fat deposition, thereby making the female chickens always fatter than males. In this study, the effect of sex on IMF deposition was screened following transcriptomics in chickens. METHODS AND RESULTS Results confirmed significantly higher IMF content of 150-day female chickens as compared to the male chickens. The female chickens manifested higher serum TG, LDL-C, and VLDL, and significantly lower HDL-C contents than male chickens. Moreover, differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism were obtained in the muscle and liver between female and male chicken, which could partly interpret the possible reasons for the sex-mediated differences of IMF content. Cellular results revealed that inhibition of PLIN2 significantly inhibited chicken preadipocyte proliferation and induces apoptosis of preadipocytes, as well as promoted adipocyte differentiation. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, PLIN2 may be considered as a molecular marker for poultry meat quality and applying this gene in early breed selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongzhen Lin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Donghao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaosong Jiang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Ha SH, Kang HK, Hosseindoust A, Mun JY, Moturi J, Tajudeen H, Lee H, Cheong EJ, Kim JS. Effects of Scopoletin Supplementation and Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Activity, and Meat Quality of Korean Native Broiler Chickens. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071505. [PMID: 34209795 PMCID: PMC8305197 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stocking density stress is one of the most common management stressors in the poultry industry. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary Sophora koreensis (SK; 0 and 20 mg/kg diet) and stocking density (SD; 14 and 16 chickens/m2) on the antioxidant status, meat quality, and growth performance of native Korean chickens. There was a lower concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and a higher concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity in the serum and leg muscle with the supplementation of SK. The concentration of MDA was increased and concentrations of SOD were decreased in the leg muscle of chickens in low SD treatments. The SK-supplemented treatments showed an increased 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate-reducing activity of leg muscles. The higher water holding capacity of breast muscle and a lower cooking loss and pH were shown in the SK-supplemented treatments. The addition of dietary SK resulted in a greater body weight gain and greater spleen and bursa Fabricius weight, as well as lower feed intake and abdominal fat. The low SD and supplementation of SK increased the concentrations of cholesterol. The concentration of glucose was increased in the low SD treatment. Corticosterone level was decreased in the SK-supplemented and low SD treatments. In conclusion, SK supplementation reduced the oxidative stress and increased meat quality and antioxidant status of chickens apart from the SD stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Ha
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.H.H.); (A.H.); (J.Y.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Hwan Ku Kang
- Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang 25342, Korea;
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.H.H.); (A.H.); (J.Y.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jun Young Mun
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.H.H.); (A.H.); (J.Y.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Joseph Moturi
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.H.H.); (A.H.); (J.Y.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Habeeb Tajudeen
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.H.H.); (A.H.); (J.Y.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Hwa Lee
- Department of Forest Environmental System, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Cheong
- Department of Forest Environmental System, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Correspondence: (E.J.C.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (S.H.H.); (A.H.); (J.Y.M.); (J.M.); (H.T.)
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.J.C.); (J.S.K.)
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Karnia MJ, Korewo D, Myślińska D, Ciepielewski ZM, Puchalska M, Konieczna-Wolska K, Kowalski K, Kaczor JJ. The Positive Impact of Vitamin D on Glucocorticoid-Dependent Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030936. [PMID: 33799389 PMCID: PMC7998166 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The study aimed to investigate whether vitamin D3 supplementation would positively affect rats with glucocorticoids-induced muscle atrophy as measured by skeletal muscle mass in two experimental conditions: chronic dexamethasone (DEX) administration and a model of the chronic stress response. (2) The study lasted 28 consecutive days and was performed on 45 male Wistar rats randomly divided into six groups. These included two groups treated by abdominal injection of DEX at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day supplemented with vegetable oil (DEX PL; n = 7) or with vitamin D3 600 IU/kg/day (DEX SUP; n = 8), respectively, and a control group treated with an abdominal injection of saline (CON; n = 6). In addition, there were two groups of rats chronically stressed by cold water immersion (1 hour/day in a glass box with 1-cm-deep ice/water mixture; temperature ~4 °C), which were supplemented with vegetable oil as a placebo (STR PL; n = 9) or vitamin D3 at 600 IU/kg/day (STR SUP; n = 9). The last group was of sham-stressed rats (SHM; n = 6). Blood, soleus, extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and quadriceps femoris muscles were collected and weighed. The heart, liver, spleen, and thymus were removed and weighed immediately after sacrifice. The plasma corticosterone (CORT) and vitamin D3 metabolites were measured. (3) We found elevated CORT levels in both cold water-immersed groups; however, they did not alter body and muscle weight. Body weight and muscle loss occurred in groups with exogenously administered DEX, with the exception of the soleus muscle in rats supplemented with vitamin D3. Decreased serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations in DEX-treated rats were observed, and the cold water immersion did not affect vitamin D3 levels. (4) Our results indicate that DEX-induced muscle loss was abolished in rats supplemented with vitamin D3, especially in the soleus muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Jakub Karnia
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (M.J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Daria Korewo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (M.J.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Dorota Myślińska
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.M.); (Z.M.C.); (M.P.); (K.K.-W.)
| | - Ziemowit Maciej Ciepielewski
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.M.); (Z.M.C.); (M.P.); (K.K.-W.)
| | - Monika Puchalska
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.M.); (Z.M.C.); (M.P.); (K.K.-W.)
| | - Klaudia Konieczna-Wolska
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (D.M.); (Z.M.C.); (M.P.); (K.K.-W.)
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Masdiag-Diagnostic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Stefana Żeromskiego 33, 01-882 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jan Jacek Kaczor
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (M.J.K.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-554-72-55
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Perini F, Cendron F, Rovelli G, Castellini C, Cassandro M, Lasagna E. Emerging Genetic Tools to Investigate Molecular Pathways Related to Heat Stress in Chickens: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010046. [PMID: 33383690 PMCID: PMC7823582 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary New genomic tools have been used as an instrument in order to assess the molecular pathway involved in heat stress resistance. Local chicken breeds have a better attitude to face heat stress. This review aims to summarize studies linked to chickens, heat stress, and heat shock protein. Abstract Chicken products are the most consumed animal-sourced foods at a global level across greatly diverse cultures, traditions, and religions. The consumption of chicken meat has increased rapidly in the past few decades and chicken meat is the main animal protein source in developing countries. Heat stress is one of the environmental factors which decreases the productive performance of poultry and meat quality. Heat stress produces the over-expression of heat shock factors and heat shock proteins in chicken tissues. Heat shock proteins regulate several molecular pathways in cells in response to stress conditions, changing the homeostasis of cells and tissues. These changes can affect the physiology of the tissue and hence the production ability of chickens. Indeed, commercial chicken strains can reach a high production level, but their body metabolism, being comparatively accelerated, has poor thermoregulation. In contrast, native backyard chickens are more adapted to the environments in which they live, with a robustness that allows them to survive and reproduce constantly. In the past few years, new molecular tools have been developed, such as RNA-Seq, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), and bioinformatics approaches such as Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Based on these genetic tools, many studies have detected the main pathways involved in cellular response mechanisms. In this context, it is necessary to clarify all the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in heat stress response. Hence, this paper aims to review the ability of the new generation of genetic tools to clarify the molecular pathways associated with heat stress in chickens, offering new perspectives for the use of these findings in the animal breeding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Perini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia (PG), Italy; (F.P.); (G.R.); (C.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Giacomo Rovelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia (PG), Italy; (F.P.); (G.R.); (C.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia (PG), Italy; (F.P.); (G.R.); (C.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;
| | - Emiliano Lasagna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia (PG), Italy; (F.P.); (G.R.); (C.C.); (E.L.)
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Duff AF, Baxter MFA, Graham BD, Hargis BM, Bielke LR. Mode of Action of Dietary Dexamethasone May Not Be Dependent Upon Microbial Mechanisms in Broilers. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090346. [PMID: 31547289 PMCID: PMC6780751 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid (GC), in feed has been shown to increase gut permeability via stress-mediated mechanisms, but the exact mode of action on gut barrier function is not fully understood. Stress has been reported to alter the profile and virulence of intestinal flora predisposing for opportunistic disease. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary Dex and recoverable intestinal microbial profile in broilers to better understand mode of action and refine future uses of the model. Three experiments were conducted that administered Dex-treated feed for one week in conjunction with the antibiotics BMD (bacitracin methylene disalicylate) or Baytril® (enrofloxacin) to evaluate if enteric microbial mechanisms were important in Dex-induced permeability. Serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) and bacterial translocation (BT) have been reported to increase after Dex treatment and were used to assess gut epithelial leakage. Shifts in bacterial profiles were also measured on selective agar. Combining Dex with BMD or Baytril resulted in increased (P < 0.05) serum FITC-d versus Dex-only. Additionally, Baytril did not reduce aerobic BT and bacterial profiles remained similar after Dex. These results suggest a minimal role of intestinal microbes in Dex-induced changes to intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey F Duff
- Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Mikayla F A Baxter
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - B Danielle Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Lisa R Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Barekatain R, Nattrass G, Tilbrook AJ, Chousalkar K, Gilani S. Reduced protein diet and amino acid concentration alter intestinal barrier function and performance of broiler chickens with or without synthetic glucocorticoid. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3662-3675. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Zaboli G, Huang X, Feng X, Ahn DU. How can heat stress affect chicken meat quality? – a review. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1551-1556. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Sun H, Zhang Y, Bai L, Wang Y, Yang L, Su W, Gao S. Heat stress decreased hair follicle population in rex rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:501-508. [PMID: 30593693 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress on the hair follicle population and related signalling pathways in rex rabbits. Forty-eight rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: one group in a high ambient environment (32 ± 2°C, heat stress) and the other group with normal temperature (20 ± 2°C, control). The results show that heat stress decreased the body weight gain and feed conversion rate, rabbit hair length and hair follicle density (p < 0.05). Besides, heat stress suppressed the gene expression of noggin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor and protein expression of phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in rabbit skin (p < 0.05), while stimulated significantly the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP4 (p < 0.05). Heat exposure did not alter significantly the gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, versican and hepatocyte growth factor compared with the control (p > 0.05). In conclusion, noggin-BMP, IGF-1 and mTOR signalling pathways may be associated with the process of heat stress-repressing hair follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liya Bai
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuding Wang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzheng Su
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuxia Gao
- Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Key Lab of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
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13
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El-Senousey HK, Chen B, Wang JY, Atta AM, Mohamed FR, Nie QH. Effects of dietary vitamin C, vitamin E, and alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on the antioxidant defense system and immune-related gene expression in broilers exposed to oxidative stress by dexamethasone. Poult Sci 2018; 97:30-38. [PMID: 29077914 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C, vitamin E, and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) are potent nutritional antioxidants, which are important for enhancing immunity. This study compared the effects of supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E, or ALA on the antioxidant defense system and the expression of immune-related genes under oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone (DEX) in broilers. In total, 240 one-day-old female Recessive White Rock chickens were assigned randomly to either a basal diet (control group) or basal diet supplemented with vitamin C (200 mg/kg diet), vitamin E (100 mg/kg), or ALA (500 mg/kg) for 28 d starting from hatching. At 21 d of age, birds fed the ALA-supplemented diet had the highest plasma total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) enzyme activities, and the lowest plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, as well as the lowest mRNA gene expression levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor (LITAF). At 23 d of age, the broilers in the 3 treatment groups were injected in the thigh muscle with DEX for 3 alternating days. In addition, the control group was divided into 2 equal groups, in which one was injected with saline and the other was injected with DEX. At 28 d of age, the DEX-ALA group (P < 0.05) had the highest activity levels for T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-PX in the plasma and liver (P < 0.05), and the greatest reduction in the MDA level. Dietary ALA significantly decreased the mRNA expression levels of the interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), IL-6, IFN-γ, and LITAF genes compared with the other groups during oxidative stress by DEX. In conclusion, this study suggests that in broilers, ALA is more effective for normalizing the oxidative stress induced by DEX than vitamin C or vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K El-Senousey
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - B Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - J Y Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - A M Atta
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - F R Mohamed
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Q H Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
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14
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Identification of differentially expressed genes through RNA sequencing in goats (Capra hircus) at different postnatal stages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182602. [PMID: 28800357 PMCID: PMC5553645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) change with growth, which partially determines the flavor and nutritional value of goat (Capra hircus) meat. However, unlike cattle, little information is available on the transcriptome-wide changes during different postnatal stages in small ruminants, especially goats. In this study, the sequencing reads of goat LM tissues collected from kid, youth, and adult period were mapped to the goat genome. Results showed that out of total 24 689 Unigenes, 20 435 Unigenes were annotated. Based on expected number of fragments per kilobase of transcript sequence per million base pairs sequenced (FPKM), 111 annotated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified among different postnatal stages, which were subsequently assigned to 16 possible expression patterns by series-cluster analysis. Functional classification by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was used for selecting the genes showing highest expression related to lipid metabolism. Finally, we identified the node genes for lipid metabolism regulation using co-expression analysis. In conclusion, these data may uncover candidate genes having functional roles in regulation of goat muscle development and lipid metabolism during the various growth stages in goats.
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15
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Scanes CG. Biology of stress in poultry with emphasis on glucocorticoids and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2208-15. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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16
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Liu L, Xu S, Wang X, Jiao H, Zhao J, Lin H. Effect of dexamethasone on hypothalamic expression of appetite-related genes in chickens under different diet and feeding conditions. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:23. [PMID: 27073616 PMCID: PMC4828879 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) are involved in the control of appetite in birds and mammals. The effect of GCs on feed intake in birds depends on their dietary energy level. But the regulation mechanism of GCs on appetite is still unclear in chickens facing to different energy level. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on hypothalamic expression of appetite-related peptides in chickens fed high/low fat diet and under fasting/feeding condition. RESULTS An interaction between DEX injection and dietary energy level was found on hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) gene expression in fasted chickens (P < 0.05). The chickens, given a DEX injection and a low fat diet treatment, had the highest CRH mRNA levels than any of the fasted chickens given treatments (P < 0.05). Under fasting conditions, the DEX treatment significantly increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and GC receptors mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Under re-feeding conditions, DEX treatment significantly decreased hypothalamic expression levels of NPY and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) but significantly increased the level of hypothalamic CRH expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A regulatory network formed by NPY, AgRP and CRH is associated with the appetite-control by GCs. The result suggests that the regulation of GCs on orexigenic neuropeptides expression is dependent at least partially on dietary energy level and feeding state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018 China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018 China
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17
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Liu L, Xu S, Wang X, Jiao H, Lin H. Peripheral Insulin Doesn't Alter Appetite of Broiler Chicks. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1294-9. [PMID: 26954230 PMCID: PMC5003990 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of peripheral insulin treatment on appetite in chicks. Six-d-age chicks with ad libitum feeding or fasting for 3 h before injection received a subcutaneous injection of 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, or 20 IU of insulin or vehicle (saline). The results showed peripheral insulin treatment (1 to 20 IU) did not alter significantly the feed intake in chicks under either ad libitum feeding or fasting conditions within 4 h (p>0.05). Compared with the control, plasma glucose concentration was significantly decreased after insulin treatment of 3, 5, 10, and 20 IU for 4 h in chicks with ad libitum feeding (p<0.05). In fasted chicks, 10 and 20 IU insulin treatments significantly decreased the plasma glucose level for 4 h (p<0.05). Peripheral insulin treatment of 10 IU for 2 or 4 h did not significantly affect the hypothalamic genes expression of neuropeptide Y, proopiomelanocortin, corticotropin-releasing factor and insulin receptors (p>0.05). All results suggest peripheral administration of insulin has no effect on appetite in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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18
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) and their cognate, intracellular receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have been characterized as critical checkpoints in the hormonal control of energy homeostasis in mammals. Whereas physiological levels of GCs are required for proper metabolic control, aberrant GC action has been linked to a variety of severe metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity. As a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, the GR translocates into the cell nucleus upon GC binding where it serves as a transcriptional regulator of distinct GC-responsive target genes that are in many cases associated with lipid regulatory pathways and thereby intricately control both physiological and pathophysiological systemic lipid homeostasis. Thus, this chapter focuses on the current knowledge of GC/GR function in lipid handling and its implications for systemic metabolic dysfunction.
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Wang X, Jia Q, Xiao J, Jiao H, Lin H. Glucocorticoids retard skeletal muscle development and myoblast protein synthesis through a mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway in broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus). Stress 2015; 18:686-98. [PMID: 26371871 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2015.1083551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids exert a well-known catabolic protein action on skeletal muscle. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway acts as a central regulator of protein metabolism. Whether glucocorticoids regulate protein synthesis through the mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle of chickens remains unknown. This study was performed to characterize the effect of glucocorticoids on the mTOR pathway in skeletal muscle development in chickens, and on protein synthesis in cultured embryonic myoblasts. Male 29-d-old chickens were given a dexamethasone injection (2 mg/kg) twice per day for 4 d (n = 16). Chicken embryonic myoblasts were exposed to dexamethasone for 24 h (100 µmol/L, n = 4 cultures). The interaction between dexamethasone and leucine was also investigated. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple test were used to analyze the effects of the dexamethasone and leucine treatments. The results showed that dexamethasone decreased body weight gain, body weight, and feed efficiency. Protein synthesis was inhibited by in vitro dexamethasone exposure. Phosphorylation of mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase (p70S6K) were inhibited by dexamethasone, suggesting the mTOR pathway may be involved in dexamethasone-regulated muscle protein synthesis. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was not altered in vitro but was reduced in vivo by dexamethasone. These results imply that the mTOR and AMPK pathways are both involved in retarding muscle development and protein synthesis by glucocorticoids, but the mTOR pathway is a critical point linking glucocorticoid and protein synthesis. Leucine, at least partially, inhibited the effects of dexamethasone on protein synthesis via the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- a Department of Animal Science , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong , PR China
| | - Qing Jia
- a Department of Animal Science , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong , PR China
| | - Jingjing Xiao
- a Department of Animal Science , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong , PR China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- a Department of Animal Science , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong , PR China
| | - Hai Lin
- a Department of Animal Science , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian , Shandong , PR China
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20
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Abstract
In the last decade there has been increasing focus on body fat distribution, rather than on the degree of obesity. More recently, great interest has also been dedicated to ectopic fat deposition in overnourished individuals that reflects a failure of the system of intracellular lipid homeostasis, which, in normal conditions, prevents lipotoxicity in the organs, by confining lipid overload to cells specifically designed to store large quantities of surplus calories, the white adipocytes. Consequently, excess body weight leads to fat infiltration of multiple organs including liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, and heart thus forming "ectopic fat". Although overfeeding is considered the main predictor of ectopic fat deposition, other factors may be also involved. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current available data on the predictors of ectopic fat deposition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Zamboni
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Andrea P Rossi
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fantin
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Simona L Budui
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Elena Zoico
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Giulia A Zamboni
- Institute od Radiology, University Hospital GB Rossi, Verona, Italy.
| | - Gloria Mazzali
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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21
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Duan Y, Fu W, Wang S, Ni Y, Zhao R. Cholesterol deregulation induced by chronic corticosterone (CORT) stress in pectoralis major of broiler chickens. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2014; 176:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Wang XJ, Song ZG, Jiao HC, Lin H. Skeletal muscle fatty acids shift from oxidation to storage upon dexamethasone treatment in chickens. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 179:319-30. [PMID: 23036730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of an exogenous glucocorticoid on the lipid metabolism and fatty acid pattern of skeletal muscle in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Male Arbor Acres chickens were subjected to dexamethasone (DEX) treatment for 3days. We found that DEX retarded body growth, facilitated lipid accumulation in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues, and elevated the thigh monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio at fasted state. DEX-treated chickens exhibited increased stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) activity and decreased carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1) activity in the thigh muscle under fasting conditions and in primary cultured myoblasts. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha at Thr172 did not occur in vivo but was increased in vitro by DEX. In cells exposed to DEX, fatty acid transport protein-1 mRNA expression and fatty acid storage were enhanced while fatty acid oxidation was repressed. In conclusion, in oxidative muscle of fasted chickens, DEX stimulated uptake of myocellular fatty acids which was stored with the modified MUFA to SFA ratio in a process that maybe involved SCD1 activation. The altered fatty acid composition together with the inactivation of CPT1 showed an increased tendency towards fatty acid accumulation as opposed to oxidation. These findings provide important insight concerning the influence of glucocorticoids on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
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