1
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Kann O. Lactate as a supplemental fuel for synaptic transmission and neuronal network oscillations: Potentials and limitations. J Neurochem 2024; 168:608-631. [PMID: 37309602 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lactate shuttled from the blood circulation, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or even activated microglia (resident macrophages) to neurons has been hypothesized to represent a major source of pyruvate compared to what is normally produced endogenously by neuronal glucose metabolism. However, the role of lactate oxidation in fueling neuronal signaling associated with complex cortex function, such as perception, motor activity, and memory formation, is widely unclear. This issue has been experimentally addressed using electrophysiology in hippocampal slice preparations (ex vivo) that permit the induction of different neural network activation states by electrical stimulation, optogenetic tools or receptor ligand application. Collectively, these studies suggest that lactate in the absence of glucose (lactate only) impairs gamma (30-70 Hz) and theta-gamma oscillations, which feature high energy demand revealed by the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2, set to 100%). The impairment comprises oscillation attenuation or moderate neural bursts (excitation-inhibition imbalance). The bursting is suppressed by elevating the glucose fraction in energy substrate supply. By contrast, lactate can retain certain electric stimulus-induced neural population responses and intermittent sharp wave-ripple activity that features lower energy expenditure (CMRO2 of about 65%). Lactate utilization increases the oxygen consumption by about 9% during sharp wave-ripples reflecting enhanced adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Moreover, lactate attenuates neurotransmission in glutamatergic pyramidal cells and fast-spiking, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons by reducing neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals. By contrast, the generation and propagation of action potentials in the axon is regular. In conclusion, lactate is less effective than glucose and potentially detrimental during neural network rhythms featuring high energetic costs, likely through the lack of some obligatory ATP synthesis by aerobic glycolysis at excitatory and inhibitory synapses. High lactate/glucose ratios might contribute to central fatigue, cognitive impairment, and epileptic seizures partially seen, for instance, during exhaustive physical exercise, hypoglycemia and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Gómez de San José N, Massa F, Halbgebauer S, Oeckl P, Steinacker P, Otto M. Neuronal pentraxins as biomarkers of synaptic activity: from physiological functions to pathological changes in neurodegeneration. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:207-230. [PMID: 34460014 PMCID: PMC8866268 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders is often challenging due to the lack of diagnostic tools, comorbidities and shared pathological manifestations. Synaptic dysfunction is an early pathological event in many neurodegenerative disorders, but the underpinning mechanisms are still poorly characterised. Reliable quantification of synaptic damage is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, to track disease status and to obtain prognostic information. Neuronal pentraxins (NPTXs) are extracellular scaffolding proteins emerging as potential biomarkers of synaptic dysfunction in neurodegeneration. They are a family of proteins involved in homeostatic synaptic plasticity by recruiting post-synaptic receptors into synapses. Recent research investigates the dynamic changes of NPTXs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an expression of synaptic damage, possibly related to cognitive impairment. In this review, we summarise the available data on NPTXs structure and expression patterns as well as on their contribution in synaptic function and plasticity and other less well-characterised roles. Moreover, we propose a mechanism for their involvement in synaptic damage and neurodegeneration and assess their potential as CSF biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Massa
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Patrick Oeckl
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE E.V.), Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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3
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Jones EAA, Rao A, Zilberter M, Djukic B, Bant JS, Gillespie AK, Koutsodendris N, Nelson M, Yoon SY, Huang K, Yuan H, Gill TM, Huang Y, Frank LM. Dentate gyrus and CA3 GABAergic interneurons bidirectionally modulate signatures of internal and external drive to CA1. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110159. [PMID: 34965435 PMCID: PMC9069800 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific classes of GABAergic neurons play specific roles in regulating information processing in the brain. In the hippocampus, two major classes, parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) and somatostatin-expressing (SST+), differentially regulate endogenous firing patterns and target subcellular compartments of principal cells. How these classes regulate the flow of information throughout the hippocampus is poorly understood. We hypothesize that PV+ and SST+ interneurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3 differentially modulate CA3 patterns of output, thereby altering the influence of CA3 on CA1. We find that while suppressing either interneuron class increases DG and CA3 output, the effects on CA1 were very different. Suppressing PV+ interneurons increases local field potential signatures of coupling from CA3 to CA1 and decreases signatures of coupling from entorhinal cortex to CA1; suppressing SST+ interneurons has the opposite effect. Thus, DG and CA3 PV+ and SST+ interneurons bidirectionally modulate the flow of information through the hippocampal circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Aery Jones
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antara Rao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Biljana Djukic
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jason S. Bant
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anna K. Gillespie
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maxine Nelson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ky Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Heidi Yuan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Theodore M. Gill
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Loren Frank () or Yadong Huang ()
| | - Loren M. Frank
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence should be addressed to: Loren Frank () or Yadong Huang ()
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4
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Gugustea R, Jia Z. Genetic manipulations of AMPA glutamate receptors in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2021; 194:108630. [PMID: 34089730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are the principal mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission and they are required for various forms of synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD), which are key mechanisms of learning and memory. AMPARs are tetrameric complexes assembled from four subunits (GluA1-4), however, the lack of subunit-specific pharmacological tools has made the assessment of individual subunits difficult. The application of genetic techniques, particularly gene targeting, allows for precise manipulation and dissection of each subunit in the regulation of neuronal function and behaviour. In this review, we summarize studies using various mouse models with genetically altered AMPARs and focus on their roles in basal synaptic transmission, LTP, and LTD at the hippocampal CA1 synapse. These studies provide strong evidence that there are multiple forms of LTP and LTD at this synapse which can be induced by various induction protocols, and they are differentially regulated by different AMPAR subunits and domains. We conclude that it is necessary to delineate the mechanism of each of these forms of plasticity and their contribution to memory and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Gugustea
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhengping Jia
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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5
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Hagen E, Chambers AR, Einevoll GT, Pettersen KH, Enger R, Stasik AJ. RippleNet: a Recurrent Neural Network for Sharp Wave Ripple (SPW-R) Detection. Neuroinformatics 2021; 19:493-514. [PMID: 33394388 PMCID: PMC8233255 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-020-09496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SPW-R) have been identified as key bio-markers of important brain functions such as memory consolidation and decision making. Understanding their underlying mechanisms in healthy and pathological brain function and behaviour rely on accurate SPW-R detection. In this multidisciplinary study, we propose a novel, self-improving artificial intelligence (AI) detection method in the form of deep Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with Long Short-Term memory (LSTM) layers that can learn features of SPW-R events from raw, labeled input data. The approach contrasts conventional routines that typically relies on hand-crafted, heuristic feature extraction and often laborious manual curation. The algorithm is trained using supervised learning on hand-curated data sets with SPW-R events obtained under controlled conditions. The input to the algorithm is the local field potential (LFP), the low-frequency part of extracellularly recorded electric potentials from the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Its output predictions can be interpreted as time-varying probabilities of SPW-R events for the duration of the inputs. A simple thresholding applied to the output probabilities is found to identify times of SPW-R events with high precision. The non-causal, or bidirectional variant of the proposed algorithm demonstrates consistently better accuracy compared to the causal, or unidirectional counterpart. Reference implementations of the algorithm, named ‘RippleNet’, are open source, freely available, and implemented using a common open-source framework for neural networks (tensorflow.keras) and can be easily incorporated into existing data analysis workflows for processing experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Hagen
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway. .,Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anna R Chambers
- Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gaute T Einevoll
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klas H Pettersen
- NORA - Norwegian Artificial Intelligence Research Consortium, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Enger
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander J Stasik
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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6
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Martín-Belmonte A, Aguado C, Alfaro-Ruíz R, Itakura M, Moreno-Martínez AE, de la Ossa L, Molnár E, Fukazawa Y, Luján R. Age-Dependent Shift of AMPA Receptors From Synapses to Intracellular Compartments in Alzheimer's Disease: Immunocytochemical Analysis of the CA1 Hippocampal Region in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:577996. [PMID: 33132900 PMCID: PMC7572859 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.577996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss occurs early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and animal models. Alterations at synaptic level are a major morphological correlate of the memory deficits and related symptoms of AD. Given the predominant roles of synaptic AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain, changes in their dynamic regulation are also implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. Here, we used immunolocalization techniques to analyze the expression and subcellular distribution of AMPARs in the hippocampal region of APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. Immunoblots and histoblots revealed that the total amount of AMPARs and their regional expression pattern in the hippocampus was similar in APP/PS1 mice and in age-matched wild type mice. At the ultrastructural level, two synapse populations were examined using SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labeling in the stratum radiatum in mice: (i) on spines of CA1 pyramidal cells; and (ii) on randomly found dendritic shafts of CA1 interneurons. While 1- and 6-months-old APP/PS1 mice exhibited no change, we observed a significant reduction at 12 months in AMPAR density at synapses in both pyramidal cells and interneurons, compared to wild-type. This reduction of AMPARs in dendritic spines was accompanied by a significant increase in AMPAR subunit proteins identified in intracellular compartments. Our data demonstrate an age-dependent reduction of synaptic AMPARs in APP/PS1 mice, which may contribute to impaired learning and memory at later stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martín-Belmonte
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Carolina Aguado
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Rocío Alfaro-Ruíz
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara-shi, Japan
| | - Ana Esther Moreno-Martínez
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Luis de la Ossa
- Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Elek Molnár
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Life Science Innovation Center, Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Rafael Luján
- Synaptic Structure Laboratory, Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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7
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Tomášková A, Šlamberová R, Černá M. Influence of Prenatal Methamphetamine Abuse on the Brain. EPIGENOMES 2020; 4:14. [PMID: 34968287 PMCID: PMC8594709 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes4030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA), a psychostimulant, has become a serious problem in recent years. It is one of the most widely abused psychostimulants in the world. In the Czech Republic, ecstasy is the most commonly used non-cannabis drug, followed by hallucinogenic fungi, LSD, MA, cocaine, and finally heroin. The prevalence of the usage of all addictive substances is highest in the age category of 15-34. Approximately 17.2% of registered drug addicts, both male and female, in the Czech Republic use MA as their first-choice drug. This group consists mostly of women who are unemployed and addicted to MA (85%). Almost half of the addicted women switched to MA from other drugs in the course of pregnancy. Psychostimulants such as amphetamine and its synthetic derivate MA induce feelings of calm and happiness by suppressing anxiety and depression. When MA is abused for longer periods, it mimics symptoms of mania and can lead to the development of psychosis. MA is often abused for its anorectic effect, its simple preparation, and compared to heroin and cocaine, its low price. There are significant differences in the susceptibility of users to the stimulant, with reactions to MA fluctuating from person to person. Molecular mechanisms related to the variable response among users might represent an explanation for increased addiction-associated bipolar disorder and psychosis. Currently, there is limited information regarding genetic mechanisms linked to these disorders and the transmission of drug addiction. As such, animal models of drug addiction represent significant sources of information and assets in the research of these issues. The aim of this review is to summarize the mechanism of action of methamphetamine and its effect on pregnant addicted women and their children, including a detailed description of the anatomical structures involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anežka Tomášková
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Romana Šlamberová
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Marie Černá
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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8
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Manduca JD, Thériault RK, Perreault ML. Glycogen synthase kinase-3: The missing link to aberrant circuit function in disorders of cognitive dysfunction? Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104819. [PMID: 32305493 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elevated GSK-3 activity has been implicated in cognitive dysfunction associated with various disorders including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, type 2 diabetes, traumatic brain injury, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Further, aberrant neural oscillatory activity in, and between, cortical regions and the hippocampus is consistently present within these same cognitive disorders. In this review, we will put forth the idea that increased GSK-3 activity serves as a pathological convergence point across cognitive disorders, inducing similar consequent impacts on downstream signaling mechanisms implicated in the maintenance of processes critical to brain systems communication and normal cognitive functioning. In this regard we suggest that increased activation of GSK-3 and neuronal oscillatory dysfunction are early pathological changes that may be functionally linked. Mechanistic commonalities between these disorders of cognitive dysfunction will be discussed and potential downstream targets of GSK-3 that may contribute to neuronal oscillatory dysfunction identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Manduca
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, ON, Canada.
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9
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Wang J, Song HR, Guo MN, Ma SF, Yun Q, Zhang WN. Adult conditional knockout of PGC-1α in GABAergic neurons causes exaggerated startle reactivity, impaired short-term habituation and hyperactivity. Brain Res Bull 2020; 157:128-139. [PMID: 32057952 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interneurons not only contribute to the global balance of activity in cortical networks but also mediate the precise gating of information through specific proteins. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) is concentrated in inhibitory interneurons and that it plays an important role in neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the functions of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α in sensorimotor gating, short-term habituation and spatial reference memory are still not entirely clear. To investigate the precise involvement of PGC-1α in the progression of psychiatric disorders, we first generated PGC-1α conditional knockout mice through transgenic expression of Cre recombinase under the control of dlx5/6 promoter, Cre-mediated excision events occurred specifically in γ-amino-butyric-acid-(GABA)ergic neurons. Short-term habituation and spatial reference memory in Dlx5/6-Cre::PGC-1αfl/fl mice were evaluated using the novel object recognition test and the Morris water maze test, and sensorimotor gating was measured by prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. Protein expression of parvalbumin (PV) in specific brain regions was studied by western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Here, we show that mice lacking the PGC-1α gene in GABAergic neurons exhibit deficits in short-term habituation, hyperactivity, reduced prepulse inhibition and exaggerated startle reactivity but normal associative spatial reference memory. In particular, these mice display aberrant salience, whereby more attention is paid to a further copy of the original object (now familiar) (relative to the first presentation of the original object, and relative to the presentation of the novel object). These behavioral dysfunctions were associated with decreased PV expression in the cortex (including somatosensory and motor cortex) as well as in the hippocampus, especially in its CA1 and CA3 regions. Together, these findings draw attention to a hyper-response phenotype of PGC-1α conditional knockout mice and indicate that PGC-1α is a novel regulator of gene expression and function in PV-positive interneurons and a potential therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders associated with PGC-1α dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China.
| | - Huang-Rong Song
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Mei-Na Guo
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Si-Fei Ma
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Qi Yun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Wei-Ning Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China.
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10
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Szodorai E, Bampali K, Romanov RA, Kasper S, Hökfelt T, Ernst M, Lubec G, Harkany T. Diversity matters: combinatorial information coding by GABA A receptor subunits during spatial learning and its allosteric modulation. Cell Signal 2018; 50:142-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Pafundo DE, Miyamae T, Lewis DA, Gonzalez-Burgos G. Presynaptic Effects of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors Enhance Parvalbumin Cell-Mediated Inhibition of Pyramidal Cells in Mouse Prefrontal Cortex. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:460-470. [PMID: 29523414 PMCID: PMC6068001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testing hypotheses regarding the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction in schizophrenia requires understanding the mechanisms of NMDAR regulation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuit function. NMDAR antagonists are thought to produce pyramidal cell (PC) disinhibition. However, inhibitory parvalbumin-positive basket cells (PVBCs) have modest NMDAR-mediated excitatory drive and thus are unlikely to participate in NMDAR antagonist-mediated disinhibition. Interestingly, recent studies demonstrated that presynaptic NMDARs enhance transmitter release at central synapses. Thus, if presynaptic NMDARs enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid release at PVBC-to-PC synapses, they could participate in NMDAR-dependent PC disinhibition. Here, we examined whether presynaptic NMDAR effects could modulate gamma-aminobutyric acid release at PVBC-to-PC synapses in mouse PFC. METHODS Using whole-cell recordings from synaptically connected pairs in mouse PFC, we determined whether NMDA or NMDAR antagonist application affects PVBC-to-PC inhibition in a manner consistent with a presynaptic mechanism. RESULTS NMDAR activation enhanced by ∼40% the synaptic current at PVBC-to-PC pairs. This effect was consistent with a presynaptic mechanism given that it was 1) observed with postsynaptic NMDARs blocked by intracellular MK801, 2) associated with a lower rate of transmission failures and a higher transmitter release probability, and 3) blocked by intracellular MK801 in the PVBC. NMDAR antagonist application did not affect the synaptic currents in PVBC-to-PC pairs, but it reduced the inhibitory currents elicited in PCs with simultaneous glutamate release by extracellular stimulation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that NMDAR activation enhances PVBC-to-PC inhibition in a manner consistent with presynaptic mechanisms, and we suggest that the functional impact of this presynaptic effect depends on the activity state of the PFC network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Pafundo
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Takeaki Miyamae
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Guillermo Gonzalez-Burgos
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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12
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McGarrity S, Mason R, Fone KC, Pezze M, Bast T. Hippocampal Neural Disinhibition Causes Attentional and Memory Deficits. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4447-4462. [PMID: 27550864 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subconvulsive hippocampal neural disinhibition, that is reduced GABAergic inhibition, has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by attentional and memory deficits, including schizophrenia and age-related cognitive decline. Considering that neural disinhibition may disrupt both intra-hippocampal processing and processing in hippocampal projection sites, we hypothesized that hippocampal disinhibition disrupts hippocampus-dependent memory performance and, based on strong hippocampo-prefrontal connectivity, also prefrontal-dependent attention. In support of this hypothesis, we report that acute hippocampal disinhibition by microinfusion of the GABA-A receptor antagonist picrotoxin in rats impaired hippocampus-dependent everyday-type rapid place learning performance on the watermaze delayed-matching-to-place test and prefrontal-dependent attentional performance on the 5-choice-serial-reaction-time test, which does not normally require the hippocampus. For comparison, we also examined psychosis-related sensorimotor effects, using startle/prepulse inhibition (PPI) and locomotor testing. Hippocampal picrotoxin moderately increased locomotion and slightly reduced startle reactivity, without affecting PPI. In vivo electrophysiological recordings in the vicinity of the infusion site showed that picrotoxin mainly enhanced burst firing of hippocampal neurons. In conclusion, hippocampal neural disinhibition disrupts hippocampus-dependent memory performance and also manifests through deficits in not normally hippocampus-dependent attentional performance. These behavioral deficits may reflect a disrupted control of burst firing, which may disrupt hippocampal processing and cause aberrant drive to hippocampal projection sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie McGarrity
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.,Neuroscience@Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rob Mason
- Neuroscience@Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kevin C Fone
- Neuroscience@Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Marie Pezze
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.,Neuroscience@Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tobias Bast
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.,Neuroscience@Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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13
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Kilias A, Häussler U, Heining K, Froriep UP, Haas CA, Egert U. Theta frequency decreases throughout the hippocampal formation in a focal epilepsy model. Hippocampus 2018; 28:375-391. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Kilias
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Biomicrotechnology, Faculty of Engineering; University of Freiburg; 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Bernstein Center Freiburg; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Biology; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ute Häussler
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence; University of Freiburg; 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Katharina Heining
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Biomicrotechnology, Faculty of Engineering; University of Freiburg; 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Bernstein Center Freiburg; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Biology; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ulrich P. Froriep
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Biomicrotechnology, Faculty of Engineering; University of Freiburg; 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Bernstein Center Freiburg; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Biology; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Carola A. Haas
- Bernstein Center Freiburg; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg; 79106 Freiburg Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence; University of Freiburg; 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ulrich Egert
- Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Biomicrotechnology, Faculty of Engineering; University of Freiburg; 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Bernstein Center Freiburg; University of Freiburg; 79104 Freiburg Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence; University of Freiburg; 79110 Freiburg Germany
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14
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Schmidt-Wilcke T, Fuchs E, Funke K, Vlachos A, Müller-Dahlhaus F, Puts NAJ, Harris RE, Edden RAE. GABA-from Inhibition to Cognition: Emerging Concepts. Neuroscientist 2017; 24:501-515. [PMID: 29283020 DOI: 10.1177/1073858417734530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural functioning and plasticity can be studied on different levels of organization and complexity ranging from the molecular and synaptic level to neural circuitry of whole brain networks. Across neuroscience different methods are being applied to better understand the role of various neurotransmitter systems in the evolution of perception and cognition. GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult mammalian brain and, depending on the brain region, up to 25% of the total number of cortical neurons are GABAergic interneurons. At the one end of the spectrum, GABAergic neurons have been accurately described with regard to cell morphological, molecular, and electrophysiological properties; at the other end researchers try to link GABA concentrations in specific brain regions to human behavior using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. One of the main challenges of modern neuroscience currently is to integrate knowledge from highly specialized subfields at distinct biological scales into a coherent picture that bridges the gap between molecules and behavior. In the current review, recent findings from different fields of GABA research are summarized delineating a potential strategy to develop a more holistic picture of the function and role of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schmidt-Wilcke
- 1 Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,2 Mauritius Therapieklinik Meerbusch, Meerbusch, Germany
| | - E Fuchs
- 3 Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Funke
- 4 Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty of Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Vlachos
- 5 Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Müller-Dahlhaus
- 6 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,7 Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - N A J Puts
- 8 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,9 F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R E Harris
- 10 Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R A E Edden
- 8 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,9 F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Sun ZY, Bozzelli PL, Caccavano A, Allen M, Balmuth J, Vicini S, Wu JY, Conant K. Disruption of perineuronal nets increases the frequency of sharp wave ripple events. Hippocampus 2017; 28:42-52. [PMID: 28921856 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWRs) represent irregularly occurring synchronous neuronal population events that are observed during phases of rest and slow wave sleep. SWR activity that follows learning involves sequential replay of training-associated neuronal assemblies and is critical for systems level memory consolidation. SWRs are initiated by CA2 or CA3 pyramidal cells (PCs) and require initial excitation of CA1 PCs as well as participation of parvalbumin (PV) expressing fast spiking (FS) inhibitory interneurons. These interneurons are relatively unique in that they represent the major neuronal cell type known to be surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs), lattice like structures composed of a hyaluronin backbone that surround the cell soma and proximal dendrites. Though the function of the PNN is not completely understood, previous studies suggest it may serve to localize glutamatergic input to synaptic contacts and thus influence the activity of ensheathed cells. Noting that FS PV interneurons impact the activity of PCs thought to initiate SWRs, and that their activity is critical to ripple expression, we examine the effects of PNN integrity on SWR activity in the hippocampus. Extracellular recordings from the stratum radiatum of horizontal murine hippocampal hemisections demonstrate SWRs that occur spontaneously in CA1. As compared with vehicle, pre-treatment (120 min) of paired hemislices with hyaluronidase, which cleaves the hyaluronin backbone of the PNN, decreases PNN integrity and increases SWR frequency. Pre-treatment with chondroitinase, which cleaves PNN side chains, also increases SWR frequency. Together, these data contribute to an emerging appreciation of extracellular matrix as a regulator of neuronal plasticity and suggest that one function of mature perineuronal nets could be to modulate the frequency of SWR events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yong Sun
- Jilin Women and Children's Health Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - P Lorenzo Bozzelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Adam Caccavano
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Megan Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jason Balmuth
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pharmacology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jian-Young Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Katherine Conant
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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16
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Atanasova T, Kharybina Z, Kaarela T, Huupponen J, Luchkina NV, Taira T, Lauri SE. GluA4 Dependent Plasticity Mechanisms Contribute to Developmental Synchronization of the CA3-CA1 Circuitry in the Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2017; 44:562-571. [PMID: 28856535 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During the course of development, molecular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent synaptic plasticity change considerably. At immature CA3-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus, PKA-driven synaptic insertion of GluA4 AMPA receptors is the predominant mechanism for synaptic strengthening. However, the physiological significance of the developmentally restricted GluA4-dependent plasticity mechanisms is poorly understood. Here we have used microelectrode array (MEA) recordings in GluA4 deficient slice cultures to study the role of GluA4 in early development of the hippocampal circuit function. We find that during the first week in culture (DIV2-6) when GluA4 expression is restricted to pyramidal neurons, loss of GluA4 has no effect on the overall excitability of the immature network, but significantly impairs synchronization of the CA3 and CA1 neuronal populations. In the absence of GluA4, the temporal correlation of the population spiking activity between CA3-CA1 neurons was significantly lower as compared to wild-types at DIV6. Our data show that synapse-level defects in transmission and plasticity mechanisms are efficiently compensated for to normalize population firing rate at the immature hippocampal network. However, lack of the plasticity mechanisms typical for the immature synapses may perturb functional coupling between neuronal sub-populations, a defect frequently implicated in the context of developmentally originating neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetomira Atanasova
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zoya Kharybina
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Kaarela
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Huupponen
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia V Luchkina
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Tomi Taira
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari E Lauri
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Bast T, Pezze M, McGarrity S. Cognitive deficits caused by prefrontal cortical and hippocampal neural disinhibition. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3211-3225. [PMID: 28477384 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We review recent evidence concerning the significance of inhibitory GABA transmission and of neural disinhibition, that is, deficient GABA transmission, within the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, for clinically relevant cognitive functions. Both regions support important cognitive functions, including attention and memory, and their dysfunction has been implicated in cognitive deficits characterizing neuropsychiatric disorders. GABAergic inhibition shapes cortico-hippocampal neural activity, and, recently, prefrontal and hippocampal neural disinhibition has emerged as a pathophysiological feature of major neuropsychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia and age-related cognitive decline. Regional neural disinhibition, disrupting spatio-temporal control of neural activity and causing aberrant drive of projections, may disrupt processing within the disinhibited region and efferent regions. Recent studies in rats showed that prefrontal and hippocampal neural disinhibition (by local GABA antagonist microinfusion) dysregulates burst firing, which has been associated with important aspects of neural information processing. Using translational tests of clinically relevant cognitive functions, these studies showed that prefrontal and hippocampal neural disinhibition disrupts regional cognitive functions (including prefrontal attention and hippocampal memory function). Moreover, hippocampal neural disinhibition disrupted attentional performance, which does not require the hippocampus but requires prefrontal-striatal circuits modulated by the hippocampus. However, some prefrontal and hippocampal functions (including inhibitory response control) are spared by regional disinhibition. We consider conceptual implications of these findings, regarding the distinct relationships of distinct cognitive functions to prefrontal and hippocampal GABA tone and neural activity. Moreover, the findings support the proposition that prefrontal and hippocampal neural disinhibition contributes to clinically relevant cognitive deficits, and we consider pharmacological strategies for ameliorating cognitive deficits by rebalancing disinhibition-induced aberrant neural activity. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Pharmacology of Cognition: a Panacea for Neuropsychiatric Disease? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.19/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Bast
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience @Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marie Pezze
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience @Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephanie McGarrity
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience @Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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18
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Barad Z, Grattan DR, Leitch B. NMDA Receptor Expression in the Thalamus of the Stargazer Model of Absence Epilepsy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42926. [PMID: 28220891 PMCID: PMC5318904 DOI: 10.1038/srep42926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the stargazer mouse model of absence epilepsy, altered corticothalamic excitation of reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) neurons has been suggested to contribute to abnormal synchronicity in the corticothalamic-thalamocortical circuit, leading to spike-wave discharges, the hallmark of absence seizures. AMPA receptor expression and function are decreased in stargazer RTN, due to a mutation of AMPAR auxiliary subunit stargazin. It is unresolved and debated, however, if decreased excitation of RTN is compatible with epileptogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that relative NMDAR expression may be increased in RTN and/or thalamic synapses in stargazers using Western blot on dissected thalamic nuclei and biochemically isolated synapses, as well as immunogold cytochemistry in RTN. Expression of main NMDAR subunits was variable in stargazer RTN and relay thalamus; however, mean expression values were not statistically significantly different compared to controls. Furthermore, no systematic changes in synaptic NMDAR levels could be detected in stargazer thalamus. In contrast, AMPAR subunits were markedly decreased in both nucleus-specific and synaptic preparations. Thus, defective AMPAR trafficking in stargazer thalamus does not appear to lead to a ubiquitous compensatory increase in total and synaptic NMDAR expression, suggesting that elevated NMDAR function is not mediated by changes in protein expression in stargazer mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Barad
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - D R Grattan
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B Leitch
- Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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19
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GABAergic Interneurons are Required for Generation of Slow CA1 Oscillation in Rat Hippocampus. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:363-73. [PMID: 27439706 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal oscillations are fundamental to hippocampal function. It has been shown that GABAergic interneurons make an important contribution to hippocampal oscillations, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here, using whole-cell recording in the complete hippocampal formation isolated from rats at postnatal days 14-18, we showed that GABAA receptor-mediated activity enhanced the generation of slow CA1 oscillations. In vitro, slow oscillations (0.5-1.5 Hz) were generated in CA1 neurons, and they consisted primarily of excitatory rather than inhibitory membrane-potential changes. These oscillations were greatly reduced by blocking GABAA receptor-mediated activity with bicuculline and were enhanced by increasing such activity with midazolam, suggesting that interneurons are required for oscillation generation. Consistently, CA1 fast-spiking interneurons were found to generate action potentials usually preceding those in CA1 pyramidal cells. These findings indicate a GABAA receptor-based mechanism for the generation of the slow CA1 oscillation in the hippocampus.
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20
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Lewis DA, Glausier JR. Alterations in Prefrontal Cortical Circuitry and Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2016; 63:31-75. [PMID: 27627824 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30596-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Maheshwari A, Marks RL, Yu KM, Noebels JL. Shift in interictal relative gamma power as a novel biomarker for drug response in two mouse models of absence epilepsy. Epilepsia 2015; 57:79-88. [PMID: 26663261 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two monogenic mouse models of childhood absence epilepsy, stargazer and tottering, differ strikingly in their response to N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade. We sought to evaluate the change in interictal relative gamma power as a reliable biomarker for this gene-linked antiepileptic drug (AED) response. METHODS The effects of AEDs on absolute and relative (to the total) power of frequencies between 2 and 300 Hz were analyzed within the interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) and correlated with antiseizure efficacy in awake behaving stargazer, tottering, and wild-type (WT) littermate control mice. RESULTS At baseline, we found a significant absolute as well as relative augmentation of 16-41 Hz power in stargazer compared to both tottering and WT mice. In stargazer, the NMDA receptor-antagonist MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) paradoxically exacerbates absence seizures but normalizes the augmented beta/gamma band of power to WT levels, suggesting that the elevation in 16- to 41-Hz power is an NMDA receptor-mediated network property. In contrast, ethosuximide (200 mg/kg) and 4-aminopyridine (2.5 mg/kg) reduce seizure activity and increase relative power within the gamma range in both stargazer and tottering mice. Intraperitoneal saline injection had no significant effect on either seizure frequency or relative gamma power. Along with results using carbamazepine and flupirtine, there was a strong inverse relationship between relative change in seizure duration and change in peak relative gamma power (r(2) = 0.726). SIGNIFICANCE In these two models of absence epilepsy, drugs that reduce relative gamma power are associated with an increase in seizures, whereas drugs that augment relative gamma power reduce seizures. Therefore, drug-induced modulation of relative gamma power may serve as a biomarker for AED efficacy in absence epilepsy. Given the relationship between gamma power and fast-spiking interneurons, these results also suggest that a drug's effect may in part be determined by its impact on specific inhibitory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Maheshwari
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Rachel L Marks
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | | | - Jeffrey L Noebels
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
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22
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Hendrickson PJ, Yu GJ, Song D, Berger TW. Interactions between Inhibitory Interneurons and Excitatory Associational Circuitry in Determining Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Hippocampal Dentate Granule Cells: A Large-Scale Computational Study. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:155. [PMID: 26635545 PMCID: PMC4647071 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on findings from a million-cell granule cell model of the rat dentate gyrus that was used to explore the contributions of local interneuronal and associational circuits to network-level activity. The model contains experimentally derived morphological parameters for granule cells, which each contain approximately 200 compartments, and biophysical parameters for granule cells, basket cells, and mossy cells that were based both on electrophysiological data and previously published models. Synaptic input to cells in the model consisted of glutamatergic AMPA-like EPSPs and GABAergic-like IPSPs from excitatory and inhibitory neurons, respectively. The main source of input to the model was from layer II entorhinal cortical neurons. Network connectivity was constrained by the topography of the system, and was derived from axonal transport studies, which provided details about the spatial spread of axonal terminal fields, as well as how subregions of the medial and lateral entorhinal cortices project to subregions of the dentate gyrus. Results of this study show that strong feedback inhibition from the basket cell population can cause high-frequency rhythmicity in granule cells, while the strength of feedforward inhibition serves to scale the total amount of granule cell activity. Results furthermore show that the topography of local interneuronal circuits can have just as strong an impact on the development of spatio-temporal clusters in the granule cell population as the perforant path topography does, both sharpening existing clusters and introducing new ones with a greater spatial extent. Finally, results show that the interactions between the inhibitory and associational loops can cause high frequency oscillations that are modulated by a low-frequency oscillatory signal. These results serve to further illustrate the importance of topographical constraints on a global signal processing feature of a neural network, while also illustrating how rich spatio-temporal and oscillatory dynamics can evolve from a relatively small number of interacting local circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Hendrickson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gene J Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theodore W Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Kimoto S, Zaki MM, Bazmi HH, Lewis DA. Altered Markers of Cortical γ-Aminobutyric Acid Neuronal Activity in Schizophrenia: Role of the NARP Gene. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72:747-56. [PMID: 26038830 PMCID: PMC4734385 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In schizophrenia, working memory deficits appear to reflect abnormalities in the generation of gamma oscillations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The generation of gamma oscillations requires the phasic excitation of inhibitory parvalbumin-containing interneurons. Thus, gamma oscillations depend, in part, on the number of synaptic glutamate receptors on parvalbumin interneurons. However, little is known about the molecular factors that regulate glutamate receptor-mediated excitation of parvalbumin interneurons in schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE To quantify in individuals with schizophrenia the expression of immediate early genes (NARP, ARC, and SGK1) regulating glutamate synaptic neurotransmission. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Postmortem brain specimens (n = 206) were obtained from individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder and from well-matched healthy persons (controls). For a study of brain tissue, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, or microarray analyses were used to measure transcript levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at gray matter, laminar, and cellular levels of resolutions. This study was conducted between January 1, 2013, and November 30, 2014. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Expression levels for NARP, ARC, and SGK1 messenger RNA (mRNA) were compared between specimens from individuals with schizophrenia and controls. Diagnostic specificity was assessed by quantifying NARP mRNA levels in specimens from individuals with mood disorders. RESULTS By quantitative polymerase chain reaction, levels of NARP mRNA were significantly lower by 25.6% in specimens from individuals with schizophrenia compared with the controls (mean [SD], 0.036 [0.018] vs 0.049 [0.015]; F1,114 = 21.0; P < .001). Levels of ARC (F1,112 = 0.93; P = .34) and SGK1 (F1,110 = 2.52; P = .12) were not significant. These findings were supported by in situ hybridization (NARP; individuals with schizophrenia vs controls: 40.1% lower [P = .003]) and microarray analyses (NARP; individuals with schizophrenia vs controls: 12.2% lower in layer 3 [P = .11] and 14.6% lower in layer 5 pyramidal cells [P = .001]). In schizophrenia specimens, NARP mRNA levels were positively correlated with GAD67 mRNA (r = 0.55; P < .001); the expression of GAD67 mRNA in parvalbumin interneurons is activity dependent. The NARP mRNA levels were also lower than healthy controls in bipolar disorder (-18.2%; F1,60 = 11.39; P = .001) and major depressive disorder (-21.7%; F1,30 = 5.36; P = .03) specimens, especially those from individuals with psychosis. In all 3 diagnostic groups, NARP mRNA levels were positively correlated (all r ≥ 0.53; all P ≤ .02) with somatostatin mRNA, the expression of which is activity dependent. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Given the role of NARP in the formation of excitatory inputs to parvalbumin (and perhaps somatostatin) interneurons, our findings suggest that lower NARP mRNA expression contributes to lower excitatory drive onto parvalbumin interneurons in schizophrenia. This reduced excitatory drive may lead to lower synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid in these interneurons, contributing to a reduced capacity to generate the gamma oscillations required for working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Kimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania2Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Mark M. Zaki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania3Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - H. Holly Bazmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David A. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania3Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Gonzalez-Burgos G, Cho RY, Lewis DA. Alterations in cortical network oscillations and parvalbumin neurons in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:1031-40. [PMID: 25863358 PMCID: PMC4444373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits are a core clinical feature of schizophrenia but respond poorly to available medications. Thus, understanding the neural basis of these deficits is crucial for the development of new therapeutic interventions. The types of cognitive processes affected in schizophrenia are thought to depend on the precisely timed transmission of information in cortical regions via synchronous oscillations at gamma band frequency. Here, we review 1) data from clinical studies suggesting that induction of frontal cortex gamma oscillations during tasks that engage cognitive or complex perceptual functions is attenuated in schizophrenia; 2) findings from basic neuroscience studies highlighting the features of parvalbumin-positive interneurons that are critical for gamma oscillation production; and 3) results from recent postmortem human brain studies providing additional molecular bases for parvalbumin-positive interneuron alterations in prefrontal cortical circuitry in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymond Y Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - David A Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
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Freudenberg F, Celikel T, Reif A. The role of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in depression: central mediators of pathophysiology and antidepressant activity? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 52:193-206. [PMID: 25783220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a major psychiatric disorder affecting more than 120 million people worldwide every year. Changes in monoaminergic transmitter release are suggested to take part in the pathophysiology of depression. However, more recent experimental evidence suggests that glutamatergic mechanisms might play a more central role in the development of this disorder. The importance of the glutamatergic system in depression was particularly highlighted by the discovery that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (particularly ketamine) exert relatively long-lasting antidepressant like effects with rapid onset. Importantly, the antidepressant-like effects of NMDA receptor antagonists, but also other antidepressants (both classical and novel), require activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Additionally, expression of AMPA receptors is altered in patients with depression. Moreover, preclinical evidence supports an important involvement of AMPA receptor-dependent signaling and plasticity in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Here we summarize work published on the involvement of AMPA receptors in depression and discuss a possible central role for AMPA receptors in the pathophysiology, course and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Tansu Celikel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 AA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Pelkey KA, Barksdale E, Craig MT, Yuan X, Sukumaran M, Vargish GA, Mitchell RM, Wyeth MS, Petralia RS, Chittajallu R, Karlsson RM, Cameron HA, Murata Y, Colonnese MT, Worley PF, McBain CJ. Pentraxins coordinate excitatory synapse maturation and circuit integration of parvalbumin interneurons. Neuron 2015; 85:1257-72. [PMID: 25754824 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Circuit computation requires precision in the timing, extent, and synchrony of principal cell (PC) firing that is largely enforced by parvalbumin-expressing, fast-spiking interneurons (PVFSIs). To reliably coordinate network activity, PVFSIs exhibit specialized synaptic and membrane properties that promote efficient afferent recruitment such as expression of high-conductance, rapidly gating, GluA4-containing AMPA receptors (AMPARs). We found that PVFSIs upregulate GluA4 during the second postnatal week coincident with increases in the AMPAR clustering proteins NPTX2 and NPTXR. Moreover, GluA4 is dramatically reduced in NPTX2(-/-)/NPTXR(-/-) mice with consequent reductions in PVFSI AMPAR function. Early postnatal NPTX2(-/-)/NPTXR(-/-) mice exhibit delayed circuit maturation with a prolonged critical period permissive for giant depolarizing potentials. Juvenile NPTX2(-/-)/NPTXR(-/-) mice display reduced feedforward inhibition yielding a circuit deficient in rhythmogenesis and prone to epileptiform discharges. Our findings demonstrate an essential role for NPTXs in controlling network dynamics highlighting potential therapeutic targets for disorders with inhibition/excitation imbalances such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Pelkey
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Barksdale
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael T Craig
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Madhav Sukumaran
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Vargish
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert M Mitchell
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megan S Wyeth
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rose-Marie Karlsson
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heather A Cameron
- Section on Neuroplasticity, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasunobu Murata
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, and Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Matthew T Colonnese
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, and Institute for Neuroscience, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Paul F Worley
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chris J McBain
- Program in Developmental Neuroscience, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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27
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Barkus C, Sanderson DJ, Rawlins JNP, Walton ME, Harrison PJ, Bannerman DM. What causes aberrant salience in schizophrenia? A role for impaired short-term habituation and the GRIA1 (GluA1) AMPA receptor subunit. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1060-70. [PMID: 25224260 PMCID: PMC4189912 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The GRIA1 locus, encoding the GluA1 (also known as GluRA or GluR1) AMPA glutamate receptor subunit, shows genome-wide association to schizophrenia. As well as extending the evidence that glutamatergic abnormalities have a key role in the disorder, this finding draws attention to the behavioural phenotype of Gria1 knockout mice. These mice show deficits in short-term habituation. Importantly, under some conditions the attention being paid to a recently presented neutral stimulus can actually increase rather than decrease (sensitization). We propose that this mouse phenotype represents a cause of aberrant salience and, in turn, that aberrant salience (and the resulting positive symptoms) in schizophrenia may arise, at least in part, from a glutamatergic genetic predisposition and a deficit in short-term habituation. This proposal links an established risk gene with a psychological process central to psychosis and is supported by findings of comparable deficits in short-term habituation in mice lacking the NMDAR receptor subunit Grin2a (which also shows association to schizophrenia). As aberrant salience is primarily a dopaminergic phenomenon, the model supports the view that the dopaminergic abnormalities can be downstream of a glutamatergic aetiology. Finally, we suggest that, as illustrated here, the real value of genetically modified mice is not as 'models of schizophrenia' but as experimental tools that can link genomic discoveries with psychological processes and help elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Barkus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, U.K
| | - DJ Sanderson
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - JNP Rawlins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, U.K
| | - ME Walton
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, U.K
| | - PJ Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, U.K
| | - DM Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 9 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, U.K
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Allen K, Monyer H. Interneuron control of hippocampal oscillations. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 31:81-7. [PMID: 25240150 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus coordinate neuronal activity that gives rise to network oscillations. In this article we present advances in our understanding of how different classes of hippocampal interneurons contribute to distinct hippocampal network oscillations. We focus on two main experimental approaches that were recently applied in awake animals. Firstly, we review experiments in which selective activation or inhibition of subgroups of GABAergic interneurons was used to asses their contribution to network oscillations. Secondly, we present work that provides a first characterization of the firing activity of anatomically identified interneurons in the hippocampus of behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Allen
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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29
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Bannerman DM, Sprengel R, Sanderson DJ, McHugh SB, Rawlins JNP, Monyer H, Seeburg PH. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, spatial memory and anxiety. Nat Rev Neurosci 2014; 15:181-92. [PMID: 24552786 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies using transgenic mice lacking NMDA receptors in the hippocampus challenge the long-standing hypothesis that hippocampal long-term potentiation-like mechanisms underlie the encoding and storage of associative long-term spatial memories. However, it may not be the synaptic plasticity-dependent memory hypothesis that is wrong; instead, it may be the role of the hippocampus that needs to be re-examined. We present an account of hippocampal function that explains its role in both memory and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Rolf Sprengel
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stephen B McHugh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - J Nicholas P Rawlins
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeburg
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Caputi A, Melzer S, Michael M, Monyer H. The long and short of GABAergic neurons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:179-86. [PMID: 23394773 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain. Studies on GABAergic cells have focused almost exclusively on local interneurons neglecting those inhibitory neurons projecting to different brain areas, the 'long-range GABAergic cells'. This review focuses on some common features and peculiarities of 'corticofugal' and 'corticopetal' GABAergic cells. Similarly to their local counterpart, long-range GABAergic cells show immunohistochemical diversity and contact locally both excitatory and inhibitory cells. Distally, long-range GABAergic cells often target other inhibitory neurons. This feature endows them with the ability to control remote target areas via disinhibition. On the basis of few functional studies that investigated their participation in synchronous network activity, we propose that long-range GABAergic neurons play a critical role in the temporal coordination of neuronal activity in distant brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Caputi
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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