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Liu S, Song S, Wang S, Cai T, Qin L, Wang X, Zhu G, Wang H, Yang W, Fang C, Wei Y, Zhou F, Yu Y, Lin S, Peng S, Li L. Hypothalamic FTO promotes high-fat diet-induced leptin resistance in mice through increasing CX3CL1 expression. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109512. [PMID: 37907171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Long-term consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) disrupts energy homeostasis and leads to weight gain. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been consistently identified to be associated with HFD-induced obesity. The hypothalamus is crucial for regulating energy balance, and HFD-induced hypothalamic leptin resistance contributes to obesity. FTO, an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation regulator, may be a key mediator of leptin resistance. However, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the association between FTO and leptin resistance. After HFD or standard diet (SD) feeding in male mice for 22 weeks, m6A-sequencing and western blotting assays were used to identify target genes and assess protein level, and molecular interaction changes. CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout system was employed to investigate the potential function of FTO in leptin resistance and obesity. Our data showed that chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) was a direct downstream target of FTO-mediated m6A modification. Furthermore, upregulation of FTO/CX3CL1 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in the hypothalamus impaired leptin-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling, resulting in leptin resistance and obesity. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, FTO deficiency in leptin receptor-expressing neurons of the hypothalamus significantly inhibited the upregulation of CX3CL1 and SOCS3, and partially ameliorating leptin resistance under HFD conditions. Our findings reveal that FTO involved in the hypothalamic leptin resistance and provides novel insight into the function of FTO in the contribution to hypothalamic leptin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Shuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Tonghui Cai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, P.R. China
| | - Lian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Xinzhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Chunlu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Fu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Shaozhang Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, P.R. China.
| | - Shuang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| | - Liangming Li
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P.R. China; School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China.
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Cockova Z, Honc O, Telensky P, Olsen MJ, Novotny J. Streptozotocin-Induced Astrocyte Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Ameliorated by FTO Inhibitor MO-I-500. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3818-3828. [PMID: 34491720 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, remains unclear. Over the past few years, evidence has accumulated indicating that perturbed cerebral bioenergetics and neuroinflammation may compromise cognitive functions and precedes the onset of AD and that impaired function of glial cells can likely contribute to the development of the disease. Recently, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA has been implicated in the regulation of different processes in the brain and to play a potential role in neurodegeneration. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of the m6A machinery enzymes in a streptozotocin (STZ) model of AD in human astrocytoma CCF-STTG1 cells. We observed that STZ-treated astrocytes expressed significantly higher levels of m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and m6A reader YTHDF1 (YTH domain-containing family protein 1). Our experiments revealed that MO-I-500, a novel pharmacological inhibitor of FTO, can strongly reduce the adverse effects of STZ. Inhibition of FTO enhanced the survival of cells exposed to STZ and suppressed oxidative stress, apoptosis, elevated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and bioenergetic disturbances induced by this compound. Overall, the results of this study indicate that perturbed m6A signaling may be contributing to AD pathogenesis, likely by compromising astrocyte bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Cockova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Honc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Telensky
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mark J. Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona 85308, United States
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Gholamalizadeh M, Akbari ME, Doaei S, Davoodi SH, Bahar B, Tabesh GA, Sadeghi H, Razavi Hashemi M, Kheyrani E, Rastgoo S, Hajipour A, Aslany Z, Mirfakhraie R, Mosavi Jarrahi A. The Association of Fat-Mass-and Obesity-Associated Gene Polymorphism (rs9939609) With Colorectal Cancer: A Case-Control Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732515. [PMID: 34650918 PMCID: PMC8506030 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The association between the rs9939609 polymorphism of fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) and risk of colorectal cancer is controversial. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between FTO rs9939609 polymorphism and colorectal cancer (CRC) in Iranian people. Methods A case-control study was conducted on 125 patients with CRC and 250 healthy subjects in Tehran, Iran. Demographic data and blood samples were collected from all participants. Genotyping of rs9939609 polymorphism was performed by the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method. Results The occurrence of AA genotype of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism in the colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher compared to that of healthy subjects (16.4 vs. 2.9%, respectively, P=0.02). The association between the frequency of risk allele of the FTO polymorphism and CRC (B=1.67, P=0.042) remained significant after adjustment for age. Further adjustment for gender (model 2) and marital status (model 3) did not change this result (B=1.67, P= 0.042 and B=1.67, P=0.043, respectively). The results remained significant after additional adjustment for ethnicity (B=1.57, P= 0.047). Conclusion We found a positive association between the A allele of the rs9939609 polymorphism and CRC. Future studies are required to identify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Doaei
- Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Ghasem Azizi Tabesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Razavi Hashemi
- Department of Pathology, Firoozgar General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samira Rastgoo
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Aslany
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Morales LD, Cromack DT, Tripathy D, Fourcaudot M, Kumar S, Curran JE, Carless M, Göring HHH, Hu SL, Lopez-Alvarenga JC, Garske KM, Pajukanta P, Small KS, Glastonbury CA, Das SK, Langefeld C, Hanson RL, Hsueh WC, Norton L, Arya R, Mummidi S, Blangero J, DeFronzo RA, Duggirala R, Jenkinson CP. Further evidence supporting a potential role for ADH1B in obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1932. [PMID: 33479282 PMCID: PMC7820614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80563-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is an essential hormone that regulates glucose homeostasis and metabolism. Insulin resistance (IR) arises when tissues fail to respond to insulin, and it leads to serious health problems including Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Obesity is a major contributor to the development of IR and T2D. We previously showed that gene expression of alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) was inversely correlated with obesity and IR in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Mexican Americans. In the current study, a meta-analysis of the relationship between ADH1B expression and BMI in Mexican Americans, African Americans, Europeans, and Pima Indians verified that BMI was increased with decreased ADH1B expression. Using established human subcutaneous pre-adipocyte cell lines derived from lean (BMI < 30 kg m-2) or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg m-2) donors, we found that ADH1B protein expression increased substantially during differentiation, and overexpression of ADH1B inhibited fatty acid binding protein expression. Mature adipocytes from lean donors expressed ADH1B at higher levels than obese donors. Insulin further induced ADH1B protein expression as well as enzyme activity. Knockdown of ADH1B expression decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Our findings suggest that ADH1B is involved in the proper development and metabolic activity of adipose tissues and this function is suppressed by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza D Morales
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA.
| | | | - Devjit Tripathy
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marcel Fourcaudot
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Melanie Carless
- Department of Population Health, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Shirley L Hu
- University of Texas Health Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Lopez-Alvarenga
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Kristina M Garske
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Swapan K Das
- Internal Medicine-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carl Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIDDK, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, NIDDK, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Luke Norton
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rector Arya
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Jenkinson
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg/Harlingen/Brownsville, TX, USA.
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Jantrapirom S, Nimlamool W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S, Temviriyanukul P, Inthachat W, Govitrapong P, Potikanond S. Liraglutide Suppresses Tau Hyperphosphorylation, Amyloid Beta Accumulation through Regulating Neuronal Insulin Signaling and BACE-1 Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051725. [PMID: 32138327 PMCID: PMC7084306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal insulin resistance is a significant feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulated evidence has revealed the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of antidiabetic drugs in AD. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog and an antidiabetic agent, has a benefit in improving a peripheral insulin resistance. However, the neuronal effect of liraglutide on the model of neuronal insulin resistance with Alzheimer's formation has not been thoroughly investigated. The present study discovered that liraglutide alleviated neuronal insulin resistance and reduced beta-amyloid formation and tau hyperphosphorylation in a human neuroblostoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. Liraglutide could effectively reverse deleterious effects of insulin overstimulation. In particular, the drug reversed the phosphorylation status of insulin receptors and its major downstream signaling molecules including insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), protein kinase B (AKT), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β). Moreover, liraglutide reduced the activity of beta secretase 1 (BACE-1) enzyme, which then decreased the formation of beta-amyloid in insulin-resistant cells. This indicated that liraglutide can reverse the defect of phosphorylation status of insulin signal transduction but also inhibit the formation of pathogenic Alzheimer's proteins like Aβ in neuronal cells. We herein provided the possibility that the liraglutide-based therapy may be able to reduce such deleterious effects caused by insulin resistance. In view of the beneficial effects of liraglutide administration, these findings suggest that the use of liraglutide may be a promising therapy for AD with insulin-resistant condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salinee Jantrapirom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.J.); (W.N.)
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.J.); (W.N.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.C.); (S.C.)
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Piya Temviriyanukul
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand (W.I.)
| | - Woorawee Inthachat
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand (W.I.)
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.J.); (W.N.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-53-934-593; Fax: +66-53-935-355
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Danaher J, Stathis CG, Cooke MB. Similarities in Metabolic Flexibility and Hunger Hormone Ghrelin Exist between FTO Gene Variants in Response to an Acute Dietary Challenge. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102518. [PMID: 31635368 PMCID: PMC6835809 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rs9939609 polymorphism of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been associated with obesity, and studies have also shown that environmental/lifestyle interaction such as dietary intake might mediate this effect. The current study investigates the postprandial hormonal regulators of hunger and indirect markers of substrate utilisation and metabolic flexibility following a dietary challenge to determine if suppression of circulating ghrelin levels and/or reduced metabolic flexibility exist between FTO genotypes. One hundred and forty seven healthy, sedentary males and females (29.0 ± 0.7 yrs; 70.2 ± 1.1 kg; 169.1 ± 0.8 cm; 24.5 ± 0.3 kg/m2) complete a single experimental session. Anthropometric measures, circulating levels of active ghrelin, insulin and glucose, and substrate oxidation via indirect calorimetry, are measured pre-prandial and/or post-prandial. The FTO rs9939609 variant is genotyped using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Metabolic flexibility (∆RER) is similar between FTO genotypes of the rs9939609 (T > A) polymorphism (p > 0.05). No differences in pre-prandial and/or postprandial substrate oxidation, plasma glucose, serum insulin or ghrelin are observed between genotypes (p > 0.05). These observations are independent of body mass index and gender. Altered postprandial responses in hunger hormones and metabolic flexibility may not be a mechanism by which FTO is associated with higher BMI and obesity in healthy, normal-weighted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Danaher
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Christos G Stathis
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 3011, Australia.
| | - Matthew B Cooke
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne VIC 3021, Australia.
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7
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FTO: An Emerging Molecular Player in Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Neuroscience 2019; 418:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Roslan NH, Makpol S, Mohd Yusof YA. A Review on Dietary Intervention in Obesity Associated Colon Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1309-1319. [PMID: 31127882 PMCID: PMC6857900 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.5.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. According to National Cancer Registry, the incidence of colorectal cancer in Peninsular Malaysia increases with age. The incidence is highest among Chinese population but lower among Indians and Malays. Many reviews have suggested that obesity may be associated with a higher risk (>50%) of colorectal cancer. Methods: This study collects a comprehensive data from the literature review available from respective journals on dietary intervention and the chemo-protective mechanisms of a few natural resources in obesity -associated colon cancer based on previous and current studies. Results: In obesity-associated colon cancer, the genes of interest and pathways that are mainly involved include NFκB, P13K/Akt, and MAPK pathways, and FTO, leptin, Cyclin D, MMPs, and STAT3 genes. Dietary modification is one of the alternative steps in early prevention of colon cancer. It has been proposed that the components present in certain foods may have the ability to protect against many diseases including the prevention of cancer. Conclusion: There are many factors that lead to obesity-associated colon cancer and the mechanisms behind it is still undergoing intensive research. This review aims to scrutinize research as well as reviews that have been previously reported on obesity associated colorectal cancer and the beneficial effects of including antioxidants-rich foods such as vegetables and fruits in the diet to reduce the risk of obesity associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Roslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - S Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Y A Mohd Yusof
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Martin Carli JF, LeDuc CA, Zhang Y, Stratigopoulos G, Leibel RL. FTO mediates cell-autonomous effects on adipogenesis and adipocyte lipid content by regulating gene expression via 6mA DNA modifications. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1446-1460. [PMID: 29934339 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SNPs in the first intron of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (FTO) convey effects on adiposity by mechanisms that remain unclear, but appear to include modulation of expression of FTO itself, as well as other genes in cisFTO expression is lower in fibroblasts and iPSC-derived neurons of individuals segregating for FTO obesity risk alleles. We employed in vitro adipogenesis models to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Fto affects adipocyte development and function. Fto expression was upregulated during adipogenesis, and was required for the maintenance of CEBPB and Cebpd/CEBPD expression in murine and human adipocytes in vitro. Fto knockdown decreased the number of 3T3-L1 cells that differentiated into adipocytes as well as the amount of lipid per mature adipocyte. This effect on adipocyte programming was conveyed, in part, by modulation of CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/ebp)β-regulated transcription. We found that Fto also affected Cebpd transcription by demethylating DNA N6-methyldeoxyadenosine in the Cebpd promoter. Fto is permissive for adipogenesis and promotes maintenance of lipid content in mature adipocytes by enabling C/ebpβ-driven transcription and expression of Cebpd These findings are consistent with the loss of fat mass in mice segregating for a dominant-negative Fto allele.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yiying Zhang
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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10
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Zhou Y, Hambly BD, McLachlan CS. FTO associations with obesity and telomere length. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:65. [PMID: 28859657 PMCID: PMC5580219 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review examines the biology of the Fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO), and the implications of genetic association of FTO SNPs with obesity and genetic aging. Notably, we focus on the role of FTO in the regulation of methylation status as possible regulators of weight gain and genetic aging. We present a theoretical review of the FTO gene with a particular emphasis on associations with UCP2, AMPK, RBL2, IRX3, CUX1, mTORC1 and hormones involved in hunger regulation. These associations are important for dietary behavior regulation and cellular nutrient sensing via amino acids. We suggest that these pathways may also influence telomere regulation. Telomere length (TL) attrition may be influenced by obesity-related inflammation and oxidative stress, and FTO gene-involved pathways. There is additional emerging evidence to suggest that telomere length and obesity are bi-directionally associated. However, the role of obesity risk-related genotypes and associations with TL are not well understood. The FTO gene may influence pathways implicated in regulation of TL, which could help to explain some of the non-consistent relationship between weight phenotype and telomere length that is observed in population studies investigating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhou
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Brett D Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Craig S McLachlan
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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Yang Q, Xiao T, Guo J, Su Z. Complex Relationship between Obesity and the Fat Mass and Obesity Locus. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:615-629. [PMID: 28539834 PMCID: PMC5441178 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.17051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, obesity has become a serious problem because of increasing obese patients and numerous metabolic complications. The primary reasons for this situation are environmental and genetic factors. In 2007, FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) was the first gene identified through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) associated with obesity in humans. Subsequently, a cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the first intron of the FTO gene was discovered to be associated with BMI and body composition. Various studies have explored the mechanistic basis behind this association. Thus, emerging evidence showed that FTO plays a key role regulating adipose tissue development and functions in body size and composition. Recent prevalent research topic concentrated in the three neighboring genes of FTO: RPGRIP1L, IRX3 and IRX5, as having a functional link between obesity-associated common variants within FTO and the observed human phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive picture of the impact of FTO on obesity susceptibility and to illuminate these new studies of FTO function in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Yang
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tiancun Xiao
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom.,Guangzhou Boxabio Technology Ltd, Guangzhou Science City, P R China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Peng Y, Liu J, Shi L, Tang Y, Gao D, Long J, Liu J. Mitochondrial dysfunction precedes depression of AMPK/AKT signaling in insulin resistance induced by high glucose in primary cortical neurons. J Neurochem 2016; 137:701-13. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Ying Tang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Dan Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education; School of Life Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 China
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13
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Zhou X, Chen J, Chen J, Wu W, Wang X, Wang Y. The beneficial effects of betaine on dysfunctional adipose tissue and N6-methyladenosine mRNA methylation requires the AMP-activated protein kinase α1 subunit. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1678-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fat mass- and obesity-associated gene Fto affects the dietary response in mouse white adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9233. [PMID: 25782772 PMCID: PMC4363842 DOI: 10.1038/srep09233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Common variants of human fat mass- and obesity-associated gene Fto have been linked with higher body mass index, but the biological explanation for the link has remained obscure. Recent findings suggest that these variants affect the homeobox protein IRX3. Here we report that FTO has a role in white adipose tissue which modifies its response to high-fat feeding. Wild type and Fto-deficient mice were exposed to standard or high-fat diet for 16 weeks after which metabolism, behavior and white adipose tissue morphology were analyzed together with adipokine levels and relative expression of genes regulating white adipose tissue adipogenesis and Irx3. Our results indicate that Fto deficiency increases the expression of genes related to adipogenesis preventing adipocytes from becoming hypertrophic after high-fat diet. In addition, we report a novel finding of increased Irx3 expression in Fto-deficient mice after high-fat feeding indicating a complex link between FTO, IRX3 and fat metabolism.
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Abstract
A cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the first intron of the fat mass and obesity related (FTO) gene were the first common variants discovered to be associated with body mass index and body fatness. This review summarises what has been later discovered about the biology of FTO drawing together information from both human and animal studies. Subsequent work showed that the 'at risk' alleles of these SNPs are associated with greater food intake and increased hunger/lowered satiety, but are not associated with altered resting energy expenditure or low physical activity in humans. FTO is an FE (II) and 2-oxoglutarate dependent DNA/RNA methylase. Contrasting the impact of the SNPs on energy balance in humans, knocking out or reducing activity of the Fto gene in the mouse resulted in lowered adiposity, elevated energy expenditure with no impact on food intake (but the impact on expenditure is disputed). In contrast, overexpression of the gene in mice led to elevated food intake and adiposity, with no impact on expenditure. In rodents, the Fto gene is widely expressed in the brain including hypothalamic nuclei linked to food intake regulation. Since its activity is 2-oxoglutarate dependent it could potentially act as a sensor of citrate acid cycle flux, but this function has been dismissed, and instead it has been suggested to be much more likely to act as an amino acid sensor, linking circulating AAs to the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. This may be fundamental to its role in development but the link to obesity is less clear. It has been recently suggested that although the obesity related SNPs reside in the first intron of FTO, they may not only impact FTO but mediate their obesity effects via nearby genes (notably RPGRIP1L and IRX3).
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Speakman
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen xilu, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Ave, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ, UK.
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Guo F, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang S, Ni Y, Zhao R. Fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene regulates gluconeogenesis in chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 179:149-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Harbron J, van der Merwe L, Zaahl MG, Kotze MJ, Senekal M. Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphisms are associated with physical activity, food intake, eating behaviors, psychological health, and modeled change in body mass index in overweight/obese Caucasian adults. Nutrients 2014; 6:3130-52. [PMID: 25102252 PMCID: PMC4145299 DOI: 10.3390/nu6083130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is currently recognized as the most robust predictor of polygenic obesity. We investigated associations between the FTO rs1421085 and rs17817449 polymorphisms and the FTO rs1421085–rs17817449 haplotype and dietary intake, eating behavior, physical activity, and psychological health, as well as the effect of these associations on BMI. N = 133 treatment seeking overweight/obese Caucasian adults participated in this study. Genotyping was performed from whole blood samples. Weight and height was measured and a non-quantified food frequency questionnaire was completed to assess food group intake. Validated questionnaires were completed to assess physical activity (Baecke questionnaire), psychological health (General Health questionnaire, Rosenburg self-esteem scale and Beck Depression Inventory), and eating behavior (Three Factor Eating questionnaire). The risk alleles of the FTO polymorphisms were associated with poorer eating behaviors (higher hunger, internal locus for hunger, and emotional disinhibition scores), a higher intake of high fat foods and refined starches and more depressive symptoms. The modeled results indicate that interactions between the FTO polymorphisms or haplotypes and eating behavior, psychological health, and physical activity levels may be associated with BMI. The clinical significance of these results for implementation as part of weight management interventions needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janetta Harbron
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
| | - Lize van der Merwe
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Monique G Zaahl
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Maritha J Kotze
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, P.O. Box 19063, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Marjanne Senekal
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
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