1
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Negm A, Gouda M, Ibrahim HIM. Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Zn-Organic Framework Down-Regulates Proliferation and Up-Regulates Apoptosis and DNA Damage in Colon and Lung Cancer Cell Lines. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102015. [PMID: 35631897 PMCID: PMC9148085 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A solvothermal technique was used to prepare a Zn–benzenetricarboxylic acid (Zn@BTC) organic framework covered with a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC/Zn@BTC). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area were applied to characterize CMC/Zn@BTC. Moreover, the anticancer, anti-migrative, anti-invasive, and anti-proliferative action of CMC/Zn@BTC nanoparticles were assessed on cancer cell lines. Apoptotic markers and DNA damage were assessed to explore the cellular and biological changes induced by CMC/Zn@BTC nanoparticles. The microscopic observation revealed that CMC controls the surface morphology and surface characteristics of the Zn@BTC. The obtained BET data revealed that the Zn@BTC nanocomposite surface area lowers from 1061 m2/g to 740 m2/g, and the pore volume decreases from 0.50 cm3/g to 0.37 cm3/g when CMC is applied to Zn@BTC nanocomposites. The cellular growth of DLD1 and A549 was suppressed by CMC/Zn@BTC, with IC50 values of 19.1 and 23.1 μg/mL, respectively. P53 expression was upregulated, and Bcl-2 expression was downregulated by CMC/Zn@BTC, which promoted the apoptotic process. Furthermore, CMC/Zn@BTC caused DNA damage in both cancer cell lines with diverse impact, 66 percent (A549) and 20 percent (DLD1) compared to cisplatin’s 52 percent reduction. CMC/Zn@BTC has anti-invasive properties and significantly reduced cellular migration. Moreover, CMC/Zn@BTC aims key proteins associated with metastasis, proliferation and programmed cellular death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Negm
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.G.); Tel.: +966-543-048-239 (A.N.)
| | - Mohamed Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.G.); Tel.: +966-543-048-239 (A.N.)
| | - Hairul-Islam M. Ibrahim
- Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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2
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Gouda M, Ibrahim HIM, Negm A. Chitosan Containing Nano Zn-Organic Framework: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071276. [PMID: 35406150 PMCID: PMC9002788 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A biologically active agent based on a Zn-1,3,5-benzen tricarboxylic acid (Zn-BTC) framework incorporated into a chitosan (CS) biopolymer (Zn-BTC@CS) was successfully synthesized using a microwave irradiation technique. The synthesized Zn-BTC@CS was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the obtained data indicated a highly smooth surface morphology of the synthesized Zn-BTC and no morphological changes when the Zn-BTC covered the CS. In addition, the particle size diameter varied from 20 to 40 nm. XRD displayed a well-maintained Zn-BTC structure, and the crystal structure of Zn-BTC was not distorted by the composition of Zn-BTC and chitosan in the nanocomposite. Data from BET analysis revealed that the specific surface area of the Zn-BTC was reduced from 995.15 m2/g to 15.16 m2/g after coating with chitosan. The pore size distribution and pore volume of the Zn-BTC, Zn-BTC@CS were centered at 37.26 nm and at 22.5 nm, respectively. Zn-BTC@CS exhibited anticancer efficacy against lung and colon cancer cell lines. Zn-BTC@CS inhibited the proliferation of A549 and DLD-1 cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 13.2 and 19.8 µg/mL for the colon and lung cancer cell lines, respectively. Zn-BTC@CS stimulated the apoptotic process through up-regulating P53 expression and down-regulating Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, Zn-BTC@CS induced in vitro DNA fragmentation in both cancer cell lines with significantly different affinity by 66% (A549) and 20% (DLD-1) versus 52% reduction by Cisplatin. Zn-BTC@CS (IC50) exhibited anti-invasive activity and dramatically inhibited the migration of lung and colon cancer cell lines. This study provides evidence that Zn-BTC@CS targets the essential proteins involved in proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Thus, Zn-BTC@CS has chemotherapeutic potential for inhibiting lung and colon cancer viability and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Amr Negm
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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3
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Tomba C, Migdal C, Fuard D, Villard C, Nicolas A. Poly-l-lysine/Laminin Surface Coating Reverses Glial Cell Mechanosensitivity on Stiffness-Patterned Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:1552-1563. [PMID: 35274925 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain tissues demonstrate heterogeneous mechanical properties, which evolve with aging and pathologies. The observation in these tissues of smooth to sharp rigidity gradients raises the question of brain cell responses to both different values of rigidity and their spatial variations, in dependence on the surface chemistry they are exposed to. Here, we used recent techniques of hydrogel photopolymerization to achieve stiffness texturing down to micrometer resolution in polyacrylamide hydrogels. We investigated primary neuron adhesion and orientation as well as glial cell proliferative properties on these rigidity-textured hydrogels for two adhesive coatings: fibronectin or poly-l-lysine/laminin. Our main observation is that glial cell adhesion and proliferation is favored on the stiffer regions when the adhesive coating is fibronectin and on the softer ones when it consists of poly-l-lysine/laminin. This behavior was unchanged by the presence or the absence of neuronal cells. In addition, glial cells were not confined by sharp, micron-scaled gradients of rigidity. Our observations suggest that rigidity sensing could involve adhesion-related pathways that profoundly depend on surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Tomba
- Univ. Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alps, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Migdal
- Univ. Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alps, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BIG-BCI, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alps, CEA, Inserm, BIG-BGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Fuard
- Univ. Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Villard
- Univ. Grenoble Alps, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alice Nicolas
- Univ. Grenoble Alps, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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4
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Doyle AD, Nazari SS, Yamada KM. Cell-extracellular matrix dynamics. Phys Biol 2022; 19:10.1088/1478-3975/ac4390. [PMID: 34911051 PMCID: PMC8855216 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sites of interaction between a cell and its surrounding microenvironment serve as dynamic signaling hubs that regulate cellular adaptations during developmental processes, immune functions, wound healing, cell migration, cancer invasion and metastasis, as well as in many other disease states. For most cell types, these interactions are established by integrin receptors binding directly to extracellular matrix proteins, such as the numerous collagens or fibronectin. For the cell, these points of contact provide vital cues by sampling environmental conditions, both chemical and physical. The overall regulation of this dynamic interaction involves both extracellular and intracellular components and can be highly variable. In this review, we highlight recent advances and hypotheses about the mechanisms and regulation of cell-ECM interactions, from the molecular to the tissue level, with a particular focus on cell migration. We then explore how cancer cell invasion and metastasis are deeply rooted in altered regulation of this vital interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,Correspondence:
| | - Shayan S. Nazari
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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5
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Shannon MJ, Mace EM. Natural Killer Cell Integrins and Their Functions in Tissue Residency. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647358. [PMID: 33777044 PMCID: PMC7987804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors associated with adhesion and migration and are often highly differentially expressed receptors amongst natural killer cell subsets in microenvironments. Tissue resident natural killer cells are frequently defined by their differential integrin expression compared to other NK cell subsets, and integrins can further localize tissue resident NK cells to tissue microenvironments. As such, integrins play important roles in both the phenotypic and functional identity of NK cell subsets. Here we review the expression of integrin subtypes on NK cells and NK cell subsets with the goal of better understanding how integrin selection can dictate tissue residency and mediate function from the nanoscale to the tissue environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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6
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Rickel AP, Sanyour HJ, Leyda NA, Hong Z. Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Substrate Stiffness Synergistically Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Cortical Cytoskeleton Organization. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2360-2369. [PMID: 34327310 PMCID: PMC8318011 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is a critical step in the progression of cardiovascular disease and aging. Migrating VSMCs encounter a highly heterogeneous environment with the varying extracellular matrix (ECM) composition due to the differential synthesis of collagen and fibronectin (FN) in different regions and greatly changing stiffness, ranging from the soft necrotic core of plaques to hard calcifications within blood vessel walls. In this study, we demonstrate an application of a two-dimensional (2D) model consisting of an elastically tunable polyacrylamide gel of varying stiffness and ECM protein coating to study VSMC migration. This model mimics the in vivo microenvironment that VSMCs experience within a blood vessel wall, which may help identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis. We found that substrate stiffness had differential effects on VSMC migration on type 1 collagen (COL1) and FN-coated substrates. VSMCs on COL1-coated substrates showed significantly diminished migration distance on stiffer substrates, while on FN-coated substrates VSMCs had significantly increased migration distance. In addition, cortical stress fiber orientation increased in VSMCs cultured on more rigid COL1-coated substrates, while decreasing on stiffer FN-coated substrates. On both proteins, a more disorganized cytoskeletal architecture was associated with faster migration. Overall, these results demonstrate that different ECM proteins can cause substrate stiffness to have differential effects on VSMC migration in the progression of cardiovascular diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P Rickel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States; BIOSNTR, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
| | - Hanna J Sanyour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States; BIOSNTR, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
| | - Neil A Leyda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Zhongkui Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States; BIOSNTR, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107, United States
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7
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Chen J, Jiang J, Wang W, Qin J, Chen J, Chen W, Wang Y. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes the migration of bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells via activating FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:3603-3613. [PMID: 31468983 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1657878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the promoting effects and mechanisms of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The BMSCs migration was researched from cell and animal experiments. In the cell experiment, the BMSCs was treated using LIPUS (30 mW/cm2, 20 min/day, 2 days), and the wound healing and transwell migration were observed. In the animal experiment, the BMSCs labelled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) were injected into rats with femoral defects via the tail vein (1 × 106/mL). The healing of bone was detected using x-ray and sampled for hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining and fluorescence microscopy. About the mechanisms, the cellular F-actin of cytoskeleton was stained with FITC-phalloidin. The changes of BMSCs genes after LIPUS treatment were screened using microarray assay and verified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The biological processes of those genes were predicted by KEGG analysis. The protein expression levels of FAK, ERK1/2 and myosin II related migration were detected using western blotting. The results showed LIPUS promoted the BMSCs migration (p < .05) without significant temperature changes (p > .05) in vitro and in vivo than control group (p < .05). The cytoskeletal rearrangement was carried out, and the ITGA8 gene related with cell migration was found with high expression after LIPUS treatment (p < .05). FAK inhibitor (PF-573228) and ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) were proved, in turn, decreased the BMSCs migration induced using LIPUS (p < .05). LIPUS can promote the BMSCs migration in vitro and in vivo, one mechanism may be related to the activation of FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathways using LIPUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing, the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-Invasive and Noninvasive Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing, the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-Invasive and Noninvasive Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing, the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-Invasive and Noninvasive Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Juan Qin
- Guizhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guizhou Medical University , Guizhou , China
| | - Jinyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing, the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-Invasive and Noninvasive Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Wenzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing, the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-Invasive and Noninvasive Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing, the Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Minimally-Invasive and Noninvasive Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
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8
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Shannon MJ, Pineau J, Griffié J, Aaron J, Peel T, Williamson DJ, Zamoyska R, Cope AP, Cornish GH, Owen DM. Differential nanoscale organisation of LFA-1 modulates T-cell migration. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.232991. [PMID: 31471459 PMCID: PMC7614863 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector T-cells rely on integrins to drive adhesion and migration to facilitate their immune function. The heterodimeric transmembrane integrin LFA-1 (αLβ2 integrin) regulates adhesion and migration of effector T-cells through linkage of the extracellular matrix with the intracellular actin treadmill machinery. Here, we quantified the velocity and direction of F-actin flow in migrating T-cells alongside single-molecule localisation of transmembrane and intracellular LFA-1. Results showed that actin retrograde flow positively correlated and immobile actin negatively correlated with T-cell velocity. Plasma membrane-localised LFA-1 forms unique nano-clustering patterns in the leading edge, compared to the mid-focal zone, of migrating T-cells. Deleting the cytosolic phosphatase PTPN22, loss-of-function mutations of which have been linked to autoimmune disease, increased T-cell velocity, and leading-edge co-clustering of pY397 FAK, pY416 Src family kinases and LFA-1. These data suggest that differential nanoclustering patterns of LFA-1 in migrating T-cells may instruct intracellular signalling. Our data presents a paradigm where T-cells modulate the nanoscale organisation of adhesion and signalling molecules to fine tune their migration speed, with implications for the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Shannon
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Judith Pineau
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Juliette Griffié
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Jesse Aaron
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Tamlyn Peel
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbiological Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - David J Williamson
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbiological Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Georgina H Cornish
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbiological Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Department of Physics and Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK .,Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Department of Mathematics and Centre for Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TQ, UK
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9
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Xia S, Yim EKF, Kanchanawong P. Molecular Organization of Integrin-Based Adhesion Complexes in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3828-3842. [PMID: 33438423 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical microenvironment serves as an important factor influencing stem cell differentiation. Mechanobiological responses depend strongly on actomyosin contractility and integrin-based cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions mediated by adhesive structures such as focal adhesions (FAs). While the roles of FAs in mechanobiology have been intensively studied in many mesenchymal and migratory cell types, recently it has been recognized that certain pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) exhibited significantly attenuated FA-mediated mechanobiological responses. FAs in such PSCs are sparsely distributed and much less prominent in comparison to "classical" FAs of typical adherent cells. Despite these differences, insights into how FAs in PSCs are structurally organized to perform their functions are still elusive. Using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to study PSC-ECM interactions, here we surveyed the molecular composition and nanostructural organization of FAs. We found that, despite being small in size, mESC FAs appeared to be compositionally mature, containing markers such as vinculin, zyxin, and α-actinin, and dependent on myosin II contractility. Using super-resolution microscopy, we revealed that mESC FAs were organized into a conserved multilayer nanoscale architecture. However, the nanodomain organization was compressed in mESCs, with the force transduction layer spanning ∼10 nm, significantly more compact than in FAs of other cell types. Furthermore, we found that the position and orientation of vinculin, a key mechanotransduction protein, were modulated in an ECM-dependent manner. Our analysis also revealed that while most core FA genes were expressed, the expression of LIM domain proteins was comparatively lower in PSCs. Altogether our results suggest that while core structural and mechanosensitive elements are operational in mESC FAs, their structural organization and regulatory aspects may diverge significantly from "classical" FAs, which may account for the attenuated mechanobiological responses of these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Xia
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pakorn Kanchanawong
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 117411
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10
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De Mets R, Wang I, Balland M, Oddou C, Moreau P, Fourcade B, Albiges-Rizo C, Delon A, Destaing O. Cellular tension encodes local Src-dependent differential β 1 and β 3 integrin mobility. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:181-190. [PMID: 30462575 PMCID: PMC6589565 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-04-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that have a pivotal role in mechanotransduction processes by connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Although it is well established that integrin activation/inhibition cycles are due to highly dynamic interactions, whether integrin mobility depends on local tension and cytoskeletal organization remains surprisingly unclear. Using an original approach combining micropatterning on glass substrates to induce standardized local mechanical constraints within a single cell with temporal image correlation spectroscopy, we measured the mechanosensitive response of integrin mobility at the whole cell level and in adhesion sites under different mechanical constraints. Contrary to β1 integrins, high tension increases β3 integrin residence time in adhesive regions. Chimeric integrins and structure–function studies revealed that the ability of β3 integrins to specifically sense local tensional organization is mostly encoded by its cytoplasmic domain and is regulated by tuning the affinity of its NPXY domains through phosphorylation by Src family kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard De Mets
- Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes et CNRS, 38402 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - Irene Wang
- Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes et CNRS, 38402 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes et CNRS, 38402 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - Christiane Oddou
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, INSERM U823, CNRS ERL 5284, Grenoble Alpessite Santé, F38042 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes et CNRS, 38402 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Fourcade
- Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes et CNRS, 38402 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, INSERM U823, CNRS ERL 5284, Grenoble Alpessite Santé, F38042 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
| | - Antoine Delon
- Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de Physique, Université Grenoble Alpes et CNRS, 38402 Grenoble, Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Institut Albert Bonniot, Université Joseph Fourier, INSERM U823, CNRS ERL 5284, Grenoble Alpessite Santé, F38042 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
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11
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Abstract
It is increasingly clear that mechanotransduction pathways play important roles in regulating fundamental cellular functions. Of the basic mechanical functions, the determination of cellular morphology is critical. Cells typically use many mechanosensitive steps and different cell states to achieve a polarized shape through repeated testing of the microenvironment. Indeed, morphology is determined by the microenvironment through periodic activation of motility, mechanotesting, and mechanoresponse functions by hormones, internal clocks, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Patterned substrates and controlled environments with defined rigidities limit the range of cell behavior and influence cell state decisions and are thus very useful for studying these steps. The recently defined rigidity sensing process provides a good example of how cells repeatedly test their microenvironment and is also linked to cancer. In general, aberrant extracellular matrix mechanosensing is associated with numerous conditions, including cardiovascular disease, aging, and fibrosis, that correlate with changes in tissue morphology and matrix composition. Hence, detailed descriptions of the steps involved in sensing and responding to the microenvironment are needed to better understand both the mechanisms of tissue homeostasis and the pathomechanisms of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 31096;
| | - Bo Yang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore;
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; .,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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12
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Okimura C, Sakumura Y, Shimabukuro K, Iwadate Y. Sensing of substratum rigidity and directional migration by fast-crawling cells. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:052401. [PMID: 29906928 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.052401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Living cells sense the mechanical properties of their surrounding environment and respond accordingly. Crawling cells detect the rigidity of their substratum and migrate in certain directions. They can be classified into two categories: slow-moving and fast-moving cell types. Slow-moving cell types, such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, mesenchymal stem cells, etc., move toward rigid areas on the substratum in response to a rigidity gradient. However, there is not much information on rigidity sensing in fast-moving cell types whose size is ∼10 μm and migration velocity is ∼10 μm/min. In this study, we used both isotropic substrata with different rigidities and an anisotropic substratum that is rigid on the x axis but soft on the y axis to demonstrate rigidity sensing by fast-moving Dictyostelium cells and neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells. Dictyostelium cells exerted larger traction forces on a more rigid isotropic substratum. Dictyostelium cells and HL-60 cells migrated in the "soft" direction on the anisotropic substratum, although myosin II-null Dictyostelium cells migrated in random directions, indicating that rigidity sensing of fast-moving cell types differs from that of slow types and is induced by a myosin II-related process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Okimura
- Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sakumura
- School of Information Science and Technology, Aichi Prefectural University, Aichi 480-1198, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Shimabukuro
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ube College, Ube 755-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Iwadate
- Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
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13
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Galbraith CG, Davidson MW, Galbraith JA. Coupling integrin dynamics to cellular adhesion behaviors. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/8/bio036806. [PMID: 30111545 PMCID: PMC6124568 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Visualizing fluorescent proteins is essential for understanding cellular function. While advances in microscopy can now resolve individual molecules, determining whether the labeled molecules report native behaviors and how the measured behaviors can be coupled to cellular outputs remains challenging. Here, we used integrin alpha-beta heterodimers - which connect extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton - to quantify the mobility and conformation of labeled integrins. We found that while unlabeled and labeled integrins all localized to adhesions and support anchorage-dependent cell function, integrin mobility decreased when the beta rather than the alpha subunit was labeled. In contrast to unlabeled and alpha labeled subunits, beta labeled subunits changed cellular behavior; decreasing protrusive activity and increasing adhesion size and the extent of cell spreading. Labeling the beta subunit changed the integrin conformation, extending the molecule and exposing an epitope that is revealed by activation with Mn2+ treatment. Our findings indicate labeling induced changes in dynamic integrin behavior alter molecular conformation as well as cellular adhesion-dependent function to demonstrate a coupling between molecular inputs and distinct cellular outputs.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Galbraith
- Oregon Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnet Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - James A Galbraith
- Oregon Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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14
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Seetharaman S, Etienne-Manneville S. Integrin diversity brings specificity in mechanotransduction. Biol Cell 2018; 110:49-64. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201700060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja Seetharaman
- Institut Pasteur Paris CNRS UMR3691; Cell Polarity; Migration and Cancer Unit; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris Cedex 15 France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris 75006 France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Institut Pasteur Paris CNRS UMR3691; Cell Polarity; Migration and Cancer Unit; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Paris Cedex 15 France
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15
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Kipper FC, Tamajusuku ASK, Minussi DC, Vargas JE, Battastini AMO, Kaczmarek E, Robson SC, Lenz G, Wink MR. Analysis of NTPDase2 in the cell membrane using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Cytometry A 2018; 93:232-238. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Cristina Kipper
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | | | - Darlan Conterno Minussi
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Vargas
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) - Universidade de Passo Fundo; RS Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Elzbieta Kaczmarek
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Simon Christopher Robson
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de Biofísica e Centro de Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde e Laboratório de Biologia Celular; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre - UFCSPA; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
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16
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Kopp S, Sahana J, Islam T, Petersen AG, Bauer J, Corydon TJ, Schulz H, Saar K, Huebner N, Slumstrup L, Riwaldt S, Wehland M, Infanger M, Luetzenberg R, Grimm D. The role of NFκB in spheroid formation of human breast cancer cells cultured on the Random Positioning Machine. Sci Rep 2018; 8:921. [PMID: 29343717 PMCID: PMC5772637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human MCF-7 breast cancer cells were exposed to a Random Positioning Machine (RPM). After 24 hours (h) the cells grew either adherently within a monolayer (AD) or within multicellular spheroids (MCS). AD and MCS populations were separately harvested, their cellular differences were determined performing qPCR on genes, which were differently expressed in AD and MCS cells. Gene array technology was applied to detect RPM-sensitive genes in MCF-7 cells after 24 h. Furthermore, the capability to form multicellular spheroids in vitro was compared with the intracellular distribution of NF-kappaB (NFκB) p65. NFκB was equally distributed in static control cells, but predominantly localized in the cytoplasm in AD cells and nucleus in MCS cells exposed to the RPM. Gene array analyses revealed a more than 2-fold change of only 23 genes including some whose products are affected by oxygen levels or regulate glycolysis. Significant upregulations of the mRNAs of enzymes degrading heme, of ANXA1, ANXA2, CTGF, CAV2 and ICAM1, as well as of FAS, Casp8, BAX, p53, CYC1 and PARP1 were observed in MCS cells as compared with 1g-control and AD cells. An interaction analysis of 47 investigated genes suggested that HMOX-1 and NFκB variants are activated, when multicellular spheroids are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Kopp
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tawhidul Islam
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Graver Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Johann Bauer
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Herbert Schulz
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Saar
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13092, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Norbert Huebner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, D-13092, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Lasse Slumstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stefan Riwaldt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Luetzenberg
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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17
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Toplak T, Palmieri B, Juanes-García A, Vicente-Manzanares M, Grant M, Wiseman PW. Wavelet Imaging on Multiple Scales (WIMS) reveals focal adhesion distributions, dynamics and coupling between actomyosin bundle stability. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186058. [PMID: 29049414 PMCID: PMC5648137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce and use Wavelet Imaging on Multiple Scales (WIMS) as an improvement to fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to measure physical processes and features that occur across multiple length scales. In this study, wavelet transforms of cell images are used to characterize molecular dynamics at the cellular and subcellular levels (i.e. focal adhesions). We show the usefulness of the technique by applying WIMS to an image time series of a migrating osteosarcoma cell expressing fluorescently labelled adhesion proteins, which allows us to characterize different components of the cell ranging from optical resolution scale through to focal adhesion and whole cell size scales. Using WIMS we measured focal adhesion numbers, orientation and cell boundary velocities for retraction and protrusion. We also determine the internal dynamics of individual focal adhesions undergoing assembly, disassembly or elongation. Thus confirming as previously shown, WIMS reveals that the number of adhesions and the area of the protruding region of the cell are strongly correlated, establishing a correlation between protrusion size and adhesion dynamics. We also apply this technique to characterize the behavior of adhesions, actin and myosin in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing a mutant form of myosin IIB (1935D) that displays decreased filament stability and impairs front-back cell polarity. We find separate populations of actin and myosin at each adhesion pole for both the mutant and wild type form. However, we find these populations move rapidly inwards toward one another in the mutant case in contrast to the cells that express wild type myosin IIB where those populations remain stationary. Results obtained with these two systems demonstrate how WIMS has the potential to reveal novel correlations between chosen parameters that belong to different scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Toplak
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoit Palmieri
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alba Juanes-García
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine/IIS-Princesa Diego de Leon, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Martin Grant
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul W. Wiseman
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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18
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Bachir AI, Horwitz AR, Nelson WJ, Bianchini JM. Actin-Based Adhesion Modules Mediate Cell Interactions with the Extracellular Matrix and Neighboring Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:9/7/a023234. [PMID: 28679638 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesions link cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to each other and depend on interactions with the actin cytoskeleton. Both cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesion sites contain discrete, yet overlapping, functional modules. These modules establish physical associations with the actin cytoskeleton, locally modulate actin organization and dynamics, and trigger intracellular signaling pathways. Interplay between these modules generates distinct actin architectures that underlie different stages, types, and functions of cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesions. Actomyosin contractility is required to generate mature, stable adhesions, as well as to sense and translate the mechanical properties of the cellular environment into changes in cell organization and behavior. Here, we review the organization and function of different adhesion modules and how they interact with the actin cytoskeleton. We highlight the molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in adhesions and how adhesion molecules mediate cross talk between cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia I Bachir
- Protein and Cell Analysis, Biosciences Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eugene, Oregon 97402
| | - Alan Rick Horwitz
- Protein and Cell Analysis, Biosciences Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eugene, Oregon 97402
| | - W James Nelson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
| | - Julie M Bianchini
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
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19
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Montenegro CF, Casali BC, Lino RLB, Pachane BC, Santos PK, Horwitz AR, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Lamers ML. Inhibition of αvβ3 integrin induces loss of cell directionality of oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCC). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176226. [PMID: 28437464 PMCID: PMC5402964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The connective tissue formed by extracellular matrix (ECM) rich in fibronectin and collagen consists a barrier that cancer cells have to overpass to reach blood vessels and then a metastatic site. Cell adhesion to fibronectin is mediated by αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins through an RGD motif present in this ECM protein, thus making these receptors key targets for cell migration studies. Here we investigated the effect of an RGD disintegrin, DisBa-01, on the migration of human fibroblasts (BJ) and oral squamous cancer cells (OSCC, SCC25) on a fibronectin-rich environment. Time-lapse images were acquired on fibronectin-coated glass-bottomed dishes. Migration speed and directionality analysis indicated that OSCC cells, but not fibroblasts, showed significant decrease in both parameters in the presence of DisBa-01 (1μM and 2μM). Integrin expression levels of the α5, αv and β3 subunits were similar in both cell lines, while β1 subunit is present in lower levels on the cancer cells. Next, we examined whether the effects of DisBa-01 were related to changes in adhesion properties by using paxillin immunostaining and total internal reflection fluorescence TIRF microscopy. OSCCs in the presence of DisBa-01 showed increased adhesion sizes and number of maturing adhesion. The same parameters were analyzed usingβ3-GFP overexpressing cells and showed that β3 overexpression restored cell migration velocity and the number of maturing adhesion that were altered by DisBa-01. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that DisBa-01 has 100x higher affinity for αvβ3 integrin than forα5β1 integrin. In conclusion, our results suggest that the αvβ3 integrin is the main receptor involved in cell directionality and its blockage may be an interesting alternative against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntia F. Montenegro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
| | - Bruna C. Casali
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
| | - Rafael L. B. Lino
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
| | - Bianca C. Pachane
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
| | - Patty K. Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
| | - Alan R. Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Heloisa S. Selistre-de-Araujo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcelo L. Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, CEP
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20
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Aguilar-Cuenca R, Llorente-Gonzalez C, Vicente C, Vicente-Manzanares M. Microfilament-coordinated adhesion dynamics drives single cell migration and shapes whole tissues. F1000Res 2017; 6:160. [PMID: 28299195 PMCID: PMC5321130 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10356.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to the substratum and/or other cells is a crucial step of cell migration. While essential in the case of solitary migrating cells (for example, immune cells), it becomes particularly important in collective cell migration, in which cells maintain contact with their neighbors while moving directionally. Adhesive coordination is paramount in physiological contexts (for example, during organogenesis) but also in pathology (for example, tumor metastasis). In this review, we address the need for a coordinated regulation of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions during collective cell migration. We emphasize the role of the actin cytoskeleton as an intracellular integrator of cadherin- and integrin-based adhesions and the emerging role of mechanics in the maintenance, reinforcement, and turnover of adhesive contacts. Recent advances in understanding the mechanical regulation of several components of cadherin and integrin adhesions allow us to revisit the adhesive clutch hypothesis that controls the degree of adhesive engagement during protrusion. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the major impact of these discoveries when using more physiological three-dimensional models of single and collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Aguilar-Cuenca
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Llorente-Gonzalez
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicente
- Team of Cell Interactions in Plant Symbiosis, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Universidad Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; Team of Cell Interactions in Plant Symbiosis, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Osteikoetxea-Molnár A, Szabó-Meleg E, Tóth EA, Oszvald Á, Izsépi E, Kremlitzka M, Biri B, Nyitray L, Bozó T, Németh P, Kellermayer M, Nyitrai M, Matko J. The growth determinants and transport properties of tunneling nanotube networks between B lymphocytes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4531-4545. [PMID: 27125884 PMCID: PMC11108537 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are long intercellular connecting structures providing a special transport route between two neighboring cells. To date TNTs have been reported in different cell types including immune cells such as T-, NK, dendritic cells, or macrophages. Here we report that mature, but not immature, B cells spontaneously form extensive TNT networks under conditions resembling the physiological environment. Live-cell fluorescence, structured illumination, and atomic force microscopic imaging provide new insights into the structure and dynamics of B cell TNTs. Importantly, the selective interaction of cell surface integrins with fibronectin or laminin extracellular matrix proteins proved to be essential for initiating TNT growth in B cells. These TNTs display diversity in length and thickness and contain not only F-actin, but their majority also contain microtubules, which were found, however, not essential for TNT formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ca2+-dependent cortical actin dynamics exert a fundamental control over TNT growth-retraction equilibrium, suggesting that actin filaments form the TNT skeleton. Non-muscle myosin 2 motor activity was shown to provide a negative control limiting the uncontrolled outgrowth of membranous protrusions. Moreover, we also show that spontaneous growth of TNTs is either reduced or increased by B cell receptor- or LPS-mediated activation signals, respectively, thus supporting the critical role of cytoplasmic Ca2+ in regulation of TNT formation. Finally, we observed transport of various GM1/GM3+ vesicles, lysosomes, and mitochondria inside TNTs, as well as intercellular exchange of MHC-II and B7-2 (CD86) molecules which may represent novel pathways of intercellular communication and immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edina Szabó-Meleg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | | | - Ádám Oszvald
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Izsépi
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Beáta Biri
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bozó
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kellermayer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Molecular Biophysics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Nyitrai
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Janos Matko
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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22
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Hanieh H, Mohafez O, Hairul-Islam VI, Alzahrani A, Bani Ismail M, Thirugnanasambantham K. Novel Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonist Suppresses Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167650. [PMID: 27907195 PMCID: PMC5132326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the remarkable progress to fight against breast cancer, metastasis remains the dominant cause of treatment failure and recurrence. Therefore, control of invasiveness potential of breast cancer cells is crucial. Accumulating evidences suggest Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a helix-loop-helix transcription factor, as a promising target to control migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. Thus, an Ahr-based exploration was performed to identify a new Ahr agonist with inhibitory potentials on cancer cell motility. METHODS For prediction of potential interactions between Ahr and candidate molecules, bioinformatics analysis was carried out. The interaction of the selected ligand with Ahr and its effects on migration and invasion were examined in vitro using the MDA-MB-231 and T47D cell lines. The silencing RNAs were transfected into cells by electroporation. Expressions of microRNAs (miRNAs) and coding genes were quantified by real-time PCR, and the protein levels were detected by western blot. RESULTS The in silico and in vitro results identified Flavipin as a novel Ahr agonist. It induces formation of Ahr/Ahr nuclear translocator (Arnt) heterodimer to promote the expression of cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp1a1). Migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells were inhibited with Flavipin treatment in an Ahr-dependent fashion. Interestingly, Flavipin suppressed the pro-metastatic factor SRY-related HMG-box4 (Sox4) by inducing miR-212/132 cluster. Moreover, Flavipin inhibited growth and adhesion of both cell lines by suppressing gene expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and integrinα4 (ITGA4). CONCLUSION Taken together, the results introduce Flavipin as a novel Ahr agonist, and provide first evidences on its inhibitory effects on cancer cell motility, suggesting Flavipin as a candidate to control cell invasiveness in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Hanieh
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Omar Mohafez
- Biomedical Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Hofuf Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, College of Pharmacy Al-Azhar University Assiut, Egypt
| | - Villianur Ibrahim Hairul-Islam
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia
- Pondicherry Centre For Biological Sciences, Jawahar Nagar, Pondicherry, India
| | - Abdullah Alzahrani
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Bani Ismail
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia
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Gaylo A, Schrock DC, Fernandes NRJ, Fowell DJ. T Cell Interstitial Migration: Motility Cues from the Inflamed Tissue for Micro- and Macro-Positioning. Front Immunol 2016; 7:428. [PMID: 27790220 PMCID: PMC5063845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effector T cells exit the inflamed vasculature into an environment shaped by tissue-specific structural configurations and inflammation-imposed extrinsic modifications. Once within interstitial spaces of non-lymphoid tissues, T cells migrate in an apparent random, non-directional, fashion. Efficient T cell scanning of the tissue environment is essential for successful location of infected target cells or encounter with antigen-presenting cells that activate the T cell's antimicrobial effector functions. The mechanisms of interstitial T cell motility and the environmental cues that may promote or hinder efficient tissue scanning are poorly understood. The extracellular matrix (ECM) appears to play an important scaffolding role in guidance of T cell migration and likely provides a platform for the display of chemotactic factors that may help to direct the positioning of T cells. Here, we discuss how intravital imaging has provided insight into the motility patterns and cellular machinery that facilitates T cell interstitial migration and the critical environmental factors that may optimize the efficiency of effector T cell scanning of the inflamed tissue. Specifically, we highlight the local micro-positioning cues T cells encounter as they migrate within inflamed tissues, from surrounding ECM and signaling molecules, as well as a requirement for appropriate long-range macro-positioning within distinct tissue compartments or at discrete foci of infection or tissue damage. The central nervous system (CNS) responds to injury and infection by extensively remodeling the ECM and with the de novo generation of a fibroblastic reticular network that likely influences T cell motility. We examine how inflammation-induced changes to the CNS landscape may regulate T cell tissue exploration and modulate function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Gaylo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dillon C. Schrock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ninoshka R. J. Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Deborah J. Fowell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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24
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Hung WC, Yang JR, Yankaskas CL, Wong BS, Wu PH, Pardo-Pastor C, Serra SA, Chiang MJ, Gu Z, Wirtz D, Valverde MA, Yang JT, Zhang J, Konstantopoulos K. Confinement Sensing and Signal Optimization via Piezo1/PKA and Myosin II Pathways. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1430-1441. [PMID: 27160899 PMCID: PMC5341576 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells adopt distinct signaling pathways to optimize cell locomotion in different physical microenvironments. However, the underlying mechanism that enables cells to sense and respond to physical confinement is unknown. Using microfabricated devices and substrate-printing methods along with FRET-based biosensors, we report that, as cells transition from unconfined to confined spaces, intracellular Ca2+ level is increased, leading to phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1)-dependent suppression of PKA activity. This Ca2+ elevation requires Piezo1, a stretch-activated cation channel. Moreover, differential regulation of PKA and cell stiffness in unconfined versus confined cells is abrogated by dual, but not individual, inhibition of Piezo1 and myosin II, indicating that these proteins can independently mediate confinement sensing. Signals activated by Piezo1 and myosin II in response to confinement both feed into a signaling circuit that optimizes cell motility. This study provides a mechanism by which confinement-induced signaling enables cells to sense and adapt to different physical microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chien Hung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jessica R Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christopher L Yankaskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Bin Sheng Wong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrera del Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Selma A Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrera del Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Meng-Jung Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhizhan Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Miguel A Valverde
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Carrera del Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Joy T Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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25
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Meacci G, Wolfenson H, Liu S, Stachowiak MR, Iskratsch T, Mathur A, Ghassemi S, Gauthier N, Tabdanov E, Lohner J, Gondarenko A, Chander AC, Roca-Cusachs P, O'Shaughnessy B, Hone J, Sheetz MP. α-Actinin links extracellular matrix rigidity-sensing contractile units with periodic cell-edge retractions. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3471-3479. [PMID: 27122603 PMCID: PMC5221581 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-02-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During spreading and migration, the leading edges of cells undergo periodic protrusion-retraction cycles. The functional purpose of these cycles is unclear. Here, using submicrometer polydimethylsiloxane pillars as substrates for cell spreading, we show that periodic edge retractions coincide with peak forces produced by local contractile units (CUs) that assemble and disassemble along the cell edge to test matrix rigidity. We find that, whereas actin rearward flow produces a relatively constant force inward, the peak of local contractile forces by CUs scales with rigidity. The cytoskeletal protein α-actinin is shared between these two force-producing systems. It initially localizes to the CUs and subsequently moves inward with the actin flow. Knockdown of α-actinin causes aberrant rigidity sensing, loss of CUs, loss of protrusion-retraction cycles, and, surprisingly, enables the cells to proliferate on soft matrices. We present a model based on these results in which local CUs drive rigidity sensing and adhesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Meacci
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Shuaimin Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | | | - Thomas Iskratsch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anurag Mathur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Saba Ghassemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Nils Gauthier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411
| | - Erdem Tabdanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - James Lohner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | | | - Ashok C Chander
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Pere Roca-Cusachs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia and University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Michael P Sheetz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 .,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411
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26
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Ramos GDO, Bernardi L, Lauxen I, Sant’Ana Filho M, Horwitz AR, Lamers ML. Fibronectin Modulates Cell Adhesion and Signaling to Promote Single Cell Migration of Highly Invasive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151338. [PMID: 26978651 PMCID: PMC4792484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is regulated by adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins and activation of small RhoGTPases, such as RhoA and Rac1, resulting in changes to actomyosin organization. During invasion, epithelial-derived tumor cells switch from laminin-enriched basal membrane to collagen and fibronectin-enriched connective tissue. How this switch affects the tumor migration is still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that ECM dictates the invasiveness of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). We analyzed the migratory properties of two OSCC lines, a low invasive cell line with high e-cadherin levels (Linv/HE-cad) or a highly invasive cell line with low e-cadherin levels (Hinv/LE-cad), plated on different ECM components. Compared to laminin, fibronectin induced non-directional collective migration and decreased RhoA activity in Linv/HE-cad OSCC. For Hinv/LE-cad OSCC, fibronectin increased Rac1 activity and induced smaller adhesions, resulting in a fast single cell migration in both 2D and 3D environments. Consistent with these observations, human OSCC biopsies exhibited similar changes in cell-ECM adhesion distribution at the invasive front of the tumor, where cells encounter fibronectin. Our results indicate that ECM composition might induce a switch from collective to single cell migration according to tumor invasiveness due to changes in cell-ECM adhesion and the resulting signaling pathways that alter actomyosin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grasieli de Oliveira Ramos
- Basic Research Center, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Bernardi
- Basic Research Center, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isabel Lauxen
- Basic Research Center, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Manoel Sant’Ana Filho
- Basic Research Center, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alan Rick Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Basic Research Center, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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27
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Abstract
T-cell protein microclusters have until recently been investigable only as microscale entities with their composition and structure being discerned by biochemistry or diffraction-limited light microscopy. With the advent of super resolution microscopy comes the ability to interrogate the structure and function of these clusters at the single molecule level by producing highly accurate pointillist maps of single molecule locations at ~20nm resolution. Analysis tools have also been developed to provide rich descriptors of the pointillist data, allowing us to pose questions about the nanoscale organization which governs the local and cell wide responses required of a migratory T-cell.
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28
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Abstract
SUMMARY Stimuli that promote cell migration, such as chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in metazoans and cyclic AMP in Dictyostelium, activate signaling pathways that control organization of the actin cytoskeleton and adhesion complexes. The Rho-family GTPases are a key convergence point of these pathways. Their effectors include actin regulators such as formins, members of the WASP/WAVE family and the Arp2/3 complex, and the myosin II motor protein. Pathways that link to the Rho GTPases include Ras GTPases, TorC2, and PI3K. Many of the molecules involved form gradients within cells, which define the front and rear of migrating cells, and are also established in related cellular behaviors such as neuronal growth cone extension and cytokinesis. The signaling molecules that regulate migration can be integrated to provide a model of network function. The network displays biochemical excitability seen as spontaneous waves of activation that propagate along the cell cortex. These events coordinate cell movement and can be biased by external cues to bring about directed migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Alan Rick Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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29
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Escribano J, Sánchez MT, García-Aznar JM. Modeling the formation of cell-matrix adhesions on a single 3D matrix fiber. J Theor Biol 2015; 384:84-94. [PMID: 26235289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesions are crucial in different biological processes like tissue morphogenesis, cell motility, and extracellular matrix remodeling. These interactions that link cell cytoskeleton and matrix fibers are built through protein clutches, generally known as adhesion complexes. The adhesion formation process has been deeply studied in two-dimensional (2D) cases; however, the knowledge is limited for three-dimensional (3D) cases. In this work, we simulate different local extracellular matrix properties in order to unravel the fundamental mechanisms that regulate the formation of cell-matrix adhesions in 3D. We aim to study the mechanical interaction of these biological structures through a three dimensional discrete approach, reproducing the transmission pattern force between the cytoskeleton and a single extracellular matrix fiber. This numerical model provides a discrete analysis of the proteins involved including spatial distribution, interaction between them, and study of the different phenomena, such as protein clutches unbinding or protein unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Escribano
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M T Sánchez
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa Zaragoza Academia General Militar, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J M García-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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30
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Morimatsu M, Mekhdjian AH, Chang AC, Tan SJ, Dunn AR. Visualizing the interior architecture of focal adhesions with high-resolution traction maps. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2220-8. [PMID: 25730141 PMCID: PMC5924765 DOI: 10.1021/nl5047335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) are micron-sized protein assemblies that coordinate cell adhesion, migration, and mechanotransduction. How the many proteins within FAs are organized into force sensing and transmitting structures is poorly understood. We combined fluorescent molecular tension sensors with super-resolution light microscopy to visualize traction forces within FAs with <100 nm spatial resolution. We find that αvβ3 integrin selectively localizes to high force regions. Paxillin, which is not generally considered to play a direct role in force transmission, shows a higher degree of spatial correlation with force than vinculin, talin, or α-actinin, proteins with hypothesized roles as force transducers. These observations suggest that αvβ3 integrin and paxillin may play important roles in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armen H. Mekhdjian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Alice C. Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Steven J. Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Alexander R. Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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31
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Kacsinta AD, Rubenstein CS, Sroka IC, Pawar S, Gard JM, Nagle RB, Cress AE. Intracellular modifiers of integrin alpha 6p production in aggressive prostate and breast cancer cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:335-40. [PMID: 25450398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a multi-step process in which tumor cells gain the ability to invade beyond the primary tumor and colonize distant sites. The mechanisms regulating the metastatic process confer changes to cell adhesion receptors including the integrin family of receptors. Our group previously discovered that the α6 integrin (ITGA6/CD49f) is post translationally modified by urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), to form the variant ITGA6p. This variant of ITGA6 is a cleaved form of the receptor that lacks the ligand-binding domain. Although it is established that the uPA/uPAR axis drives ITGA6 cleavage, the mechanisms regulating cleavage have not been defined. Intracellular integrin dependent "inside-out" signaling is a major regulator of integrin function and the uPA/uPAR axis. We hypothesized that intracellular signaling molecules play a role in formation of ITGA6p to promote cell migration during cancer metastasis. In order to test our hypothesis, DU145 and PC3B1 prostate cancer and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were treated with small interfering RNA targeting actin and the intracellular signaling regulators focal adhesion kinase (FAK), integrin linked kinase (ILK), and paxillin. The results demonstrated that inhibition of actin, FAK, and ILK expression resulted in significantly increased uPAR expression and ITGA6p production. Inhibition of actin increased ITGA6p, although inhibition of paxillin did not affect ITGA6p formation. Taken together, these results suggest that FAK and ILK dependent "inside-out" signaling, and actin dynamics regulate extracellular production of ITGA6p and the aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apollo D Kacsinta
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Cancer Biology Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Cynthia S Rubenstein
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Cancer Biology Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Isis C Sroka
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Cancer Biology Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sangita Pawar
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jaime M Gard
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Raymond B Nagle
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Anne E Cress
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.
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32
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Meddens MBM, van den Dries K, Cambi A. Podosomes revealed by advanced bioimaging: what did we learn? Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:380-7. [PMID: 25454791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are micrometer-sized, circular adhesions formed by cells such as osteoclasts, macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. Because of their small size and the lack of methods to visualize individual proteins and protein complexes, podosomes have long been considered a simple two-module structure with a protrusive actin core and a surrounding adhesive ring composed of integrins and cytoskeletal adaptor proteins such as vinculin and talin. In the past decade, the applications of fluorescence based techniques that circumvent the diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy took a major leap forward. Podosomes have been imaged by a variety of these super-resolution methods, and in this concise review we discuss how these super-resolution data have increased our understanding of the podosome ultra-structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein B M Meddens
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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33
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Beta 1 integrin binding plays a role in the constant traction force generation in response to varying stiffness for cells grown on mature cardiac extracellular matrix. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:311-324. [PMID: 25220424 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported a unique response of traction force generation for cells grown on mature cardiac ECM, where traction force was constant over a range of stiffnesses. In this study we sought to further investigate the role of the complex mixture of ECM on this response and assess the potential mechanism behind it. Using traction force microscopy, we measured cellular traction forces and stresses for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) grown on polyacrylamide gels at a range of stiffnesses (9, 25, or 48 kPa) containing either adult rat heart ECM, different singular ECM proteins including collagen I, fibronectin, and laminin, or ECM mimics comprised of varying amounts of collagen I, fibronectin, and laminin. We also measured the expression of integrins on these different substrates as well as probed for β1 integrin binding. There was no significant change in traction force generation for cells grown on the adult ECM, as previously reported, whereas cells grown on singular ECM protein substrates had increased traction force generation with an increase in substrate stiffness. Cells grown on ECM mimics containing collagen I, fibronectin and laminin were found to be reminiscent of the traction forces generated by cells grown on native ECM. Integrin expression generally increased with increasing stiffness except for the β1 integrin, potentially implicating it as playing a role in the response to adult cardiac ECM. We inhibited binding through the β1 integrin on cells grown on the adult ECM and found that the inhibition of β1 binding led to a return to the typical response of increasing traction force generation with increasing stiffness. Our data demonstrates that cells grown on the mature cardiac ECM are able to circumvent typical stiffness related cellular behaviors, likely through β1 integrin binding to the complex composition.
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34
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Lu YP, Yang CH, Yeh JA, Ho FH, Ou YC, Chen CH, Lin MY, Huang KS. Guidance of neural regeneration on the biomimetic nanostructured matrix. Int J Pharm 2014; 463:177-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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Bayer ML, Schjerling P, Herchenhan A, Zeltz C, Heinemeier KM, Christensen L, Krogsgaard M, Gullberg D, Kjaer M. Release of tensile strain on engineered human tendon tissue disturbs cell adhesions, changes matrix architecture, and induces an inflammatory phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86078. [PMID: 24465881 PMCID: PMC3897642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical loading of tendon cells results in an upregulation of mechanotransduction signaling pathways, cell-matrix adhesion and collagen synthesis, but whether unloading removes these responses is unclear. We investigated the response to tension release, with regard to matrix proteins, pro-inflammatory mediators and tendon phenotypic specific molecules, in an in vitro model where tendon-like tissue was engineered from human tendon cells. Tissue sampling was performed 1, 2, 4 and 6 days after surgical de-tensioning of the tendon construct. When tensile stimulus was removed, integrin type collagen receptors showed a contrasting response with a clear drop in integrin subunit α11 mRNA and protein expression, and an increase in α2 integrin mRNA and protein levels. Further, specific markers for tendon cell differentiation declined and normal tendon architecture was disturbed, whereas pro-inflammatory molecules were upregulated. Stimulation with the cytokine TGF-β1 had distinct effects on some tendon-related genes in both tensioned and de-tensioned tissue. These findings indicate an important role of mechanical loading for cellular and matrix responses in tendon, including that loss of tension leads to a decrease in phenotypical markers for tendon, while expression of pro-inflammatory mediators is induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika L Bayer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Herchenhan
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cedric Zeltz
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katja M Heinemeier
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Krogsgaard
- Section for Sports Traumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Donald Gullberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sun B, Hu X, Liu G, Ma B, Xu Y, Yang T, Shi J, Yang F, Li H, Zhang L, Zhao Y. Phosphatase Wip1 negatively regulates neutrophil migration and inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:1184-95. [PMID: 24395919 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are critically involved in host defense and tissue damage. Intrinsic signal mechanisms controlling neutrophil activities are poorly defined. We found that the expression of wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) in mouse and human neutrophils was downregulated quickly after neutrophil activation through JNK-microRNA-16 pathway. Importantly, the Wip1 expression level was negatively correlated with inflammatory cytokine productions of neutrophils in sepsis patients. Wip1-deficient mice displayed increased bactericidal activities to Staphylococcus aureus and were hypersensitive to LPS-induced acute lung damage with increased neutrophil infiltration and inflammation. Mechanism studies showed that the enhanced inflammatory activity of neutrophils caused by Wip1 deficiency was mediated by p38 MAPK-STAT1 and NF-κB pathways. The increased migration ability of Wip1KO neutrophils was mediated by the decreased CXCR2 internalization and desensitization, which was directly regulated by p38 MAPK activity. Thus, our findings identify a previously unrecognized function of Wip1 as an intrinsic negative regulator for neutrophil proinflammatory cytokine production and migration through multiple signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Potvin-Trottier L, Chen L, Horwitz AR, Wiseman PW. A nu-space for ICS: characterization and application to measure protein transport in live cells. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2013; 15:10.1088/1367-2630/15/8/085006. [PMID: 24223019 PMCID: PMC3821402 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/15/8/085006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new generalized theoretical framework for image correlation spectroscopy (ICS). Using this framework, we extend the ICS method in time-frequency (ν, nu) space to map molecular flow of fluorescently tagged proteins in individual living cells. Even in the presence of a dominant immobile population of fluorescent molecules, nu-space ICS (nICS) provides an unbiased velocity measurement, as well as the diffusion coefficient of the flow, without requiring filtering. We also develop and characterize a tunable frequency-filter for STICS that allows quantification of the density, the diffusion coefficient and the velocity of biased diffusion. We show that the techniques are accurate over a wide range of parameter space in computer simulation. We then characterize the retrograde flow of adhesion proteins (α6- and αLβ2-GFP integrins and mCherry-paxillin) in CHO.B2 cells plated on laminin and ICAM ligands respectively. STICS with a tunable frequency filter, in conjunction with nICS, measures two new transport parameters, the density and transport bias coefficient (a measure of the diffusive character of a flow/biased diffusion), showing that molecular flow in this cell system has a significant diffusive component. Our results suggest that the integrinligand interaction, along with the internal myosin-motor generated force, varies for different integrin-ligand pairs, consistent with previous results.
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Dimensions in cell migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2013; 25:642-9. [PMID: 23850350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The importance of cell migration for both normal physiological functions and disease processes has been clear for the past 50 years. Although investigations of two-dimensional (2D) migration in regular tissue culture have elucidated many important molecular mechanisms, recent evidence suggests that cell migration depends profoundly on the dimensionality of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we review a number of evolving concepts revealed when cell migration is examined in different dimensions.
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Toplak T, Pandzic E, Chen L, Vicente-Manzanares M, Horwitz AR, Wiseman PW. STICCS reveals matrix-dependent adhesion slipping and gripping in migrating cells. Biophys J 2012; 103:1672-82. [PMID: 23083710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-color spatio-temporal image cross-correlation spectroscopy (STICCS) is a new, to our knowledge, image analysis method that calculates space-time autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions from fluorescence intensity fluctuations. STICCS generates cellular flow and diffusion maps that reveal interactions and cotransport of two distinct molecular species labeled with different fluorophores. Here we use computer simulations to map the capabilities and limitations of STICCS for measurements in complex heterogeneous environments containing micro- and macrostructures. We then use STICCS to analyze the co-flux of adhesion components in migrating cells imaged using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The data reveal a robust, time-dependent co-fluxing of certain integrins and paxillin in adhesions in protrusions when they pause, and in adhesions that are sliding and disassembling, demonstrating that the molecules in these adhesions move as a complex. In these regions, both α6β1- or αLβ2-integrins, expressed in CHO.B2 cells, co-flux with paxillin; an analogous cotransport was seen for α6β1-integrin and α-actinin in U2OS. This contrasts with the behavior of the α5β1-integrin and paxillin, which do not co-flux. Our results clearly show that integrins can move in complexes with adhesion proteins in protrusions that are retracting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Toplak
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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