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Zhbanov KA, Salakheeva EY, Sokolova IY, Zheleznykh EA, Zektser VY, Privalova EV, Belenkov YN, Shchendrygina AA. Neuregulin-1β, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Myocardial Fibrosis in Heart Failure Patients. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2022-09-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Zhbanov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - E. Yu. Salakheeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - I. Ya. Sokolova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - E. A. Zheleznykh
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - V. Yu. Zektser
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - E. V. Privalova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - Yu. N. Belenkov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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2
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Mechanisms of Quercetin against atrial fibrillation explored by network pharmacology combined with molecular docking and experimental validation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9777. [PMID: 35697725 PMCID: PMC9192746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13911-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common atrial arrhythmia for which there is no specific therapeutic drug. Quercetin (Que) has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmias. In this study, we explored the mechanism of action of Que in AF using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The chemical structure of Que was obtained from Pubchem. TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction, Drugbank, STITCH, Pharmmapper, CTD, GeneCards, DISGENET and TTD were used to obtain drug component targets and AF-related genes, and extract AF and normal tissue by GEO database differentially expressed genes by GEO database. The top targets were IL6, VEGFA, JUN, MMP9 and EGFR, and Que for AF treatment might involve the role of AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, MAPK signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that Que binds strongly to key targets and is differentially expressed in AF. In vivo results showed that Que significantly reduced the duration of AF fibrillation and improved atrial remodeling, reduced p-MAPK protein expression, and inhibited the progression of AF. Combining network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches with in vivo studies advance our understanding of the intensive mechanisms of Quercetin, and provide the targeted basis for clinical Atrial fibrillation treatment.
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3
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Rocco E, Grimaldi MC, Maino A, Cappannoli L, Pedicino D, Liuzzo G, Biasucci LM. Advances and Challenges in Biomarkers Use for Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction: From Bench to Clinical Practice. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11072055. [PMID: 35407662 PMCID: PMC8999821 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11072055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is related to a broad variety of clinical scenarios in which cardiac microvasculature is morphologically and functionally affected, and it is associated with impaired responses to vasoactive stimuli. Although the prevalence of CMD involves about half of all patients with chronic coronary syndromes and more than 20% of those with acute coronary syndrome, the diagnosis of CMD is often missed, leading to the underestimation of its clinical importance. The established and validated techniques for the measurement of coronary microvascular function are invasive and expensive. An ideal method to assess endothelial dysfunction should be accurate, non-invasive, cost-effective and accessible. There are varieties of biomarkers available, potentially involved in microvascular disease, but none have been extensively validated in this heterogeneous clinical population. The investigation of potential biomarkers linked to microvascular dysfunction might improve the assessment of the diagnosis, risk stratification, disease progression and therapy response. This review article offers an update about traditional and novel potential biomarkers linked to CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Rocco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Cardiology Unit, ICOT Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04110 Latina, Italy;
| | - Maria Chiara Grimaldi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Maino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Luigi Cappannoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Daniela Pedicino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liuzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Marzio Biasucci
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pneumological Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (L.C.); (D.P.); (G.L.); (L.M.B.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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4
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Heliste J, Jokilammi A, Vaparanta K, Paatero I, Elenius K. Combined genetic and chemical screens indicate protective potential for EGFR inhibition to cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16661. [PMID: 34404849 PMCID: PMC8371130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The return of blood flow to ischemic heart after myocardial infarction causes ischemia-reperfusion injury. There is a clinical need for novel therapeutic targets to treat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here we screened for targets for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury using a combination of shRNA and drug library analyses in HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. The shRNA library included lentiviral constructs targeting 4625 genes and the drug library 689 chemical compounds approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Data were analyzed using protein-protein interaction and pathway analyses. EGFR inhibition was identified as a cardioprotective mechanism in both approaches. Inhibition of EGFR kinase activity with gefitinib improved cardiomyocyte viability in vitro. In addition, gefitinib preserved cardiac contractility in zebrafish embryos exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation in vivo. These findings indicate that the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib is a potential candidate for further studies of repurposing the drug for the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Heliste
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Jokilammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Katri Vaparanta
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20014, Turku, Finland. .,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, PO Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
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Ibrutinib Has Time-dependent On- and Off-target Effects on Plasma Biomarkers and Immune Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Hemasphere 2021; 5:e564. [PMID: 33912812 PMCID: PMC8078281 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Ibrutinib is a covalently binding inhibitor of the B-cell receptor signaling-mediator Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) with great efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Common side effects like atrial fibrillation (AF), bleeding and infections might be caused by ibrutinib’s inhibition of other kinases in non-B cells. Five-year follow-up of plasma biomarkers by proximity extension assay and immune cell numbers by flow cytometry during ibrutinib treatment revealed that 86 of the 265 investigated plasma biomarkers significantly changed during treatment, 74 of which decreased. Among the 12 markers that increased, 6 are associated with cardiovascular diseases and therefore potentially involved in ibrutinib-induced AF. Comparison between healthy donors and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) patients, who have nonfunctional BTK and essentially lack B cells, showed indicative changes in 53 of the 265 biomarkers while none differed significantly. Hence, neither B cells nor BTK-dependent pathways in other cells seem to influence the levels of the studied plasma biomarkers in healthy donors. Regarding immune cells, the absolute number of T cells, including subsets, decreased, paralleling the decreasing tumor burden. T helper 1 (Th1) cell numbers dropped strongly, while Th2 cells remained relatively stable, causing Th2-skewing. Thus, long-term ibrutinib treatment has a profound impact on the plasma proteome and immune cells in patients with CLL.
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Transcription-independent Induction of ERBB1 through Hypoxia-inducible Factor 2A Provides Cardioprotection during Ischemia and Reperfusion. Anesthesiology 2020; 132:763-780. [PMID: 31794514 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During myocardial ischemia, hypoxia-inducible factors are stabilized and provide protection from ischemia and reperfusion injury. Recent studies show that myocyte-specific hypoxia-inducible factor 2A promotes myocardial ischemia tolerance through induction of epidermal growth factor, amphiregulin. Here, the authors hypothesized that hypoxia-inducible factor 2A may enhance epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (ERBB1) expression in the myocardium that could interface between growth factors and its effect on providing tolerance to ischemia and reperfusion injury. METHODS Human myocardial tissues were obtained from ischemic heart disease patients and normal control patients to compare ERBB1 expression. Myocyte-specific Hif2a or ErbB1 knockout mice were generated to observe the effect of Hif2a knockdown in regulating ERBB1 expression and to examine the role of ERBB1 during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. RESULTS Initial studies of myocardial tissues from patients with ischemic heart disease showed increased ERBB1 protein (1.12 ± 0.24 vs. 13.01 ± 2.20, P < 0.001). In contrast, ERBB1 transcript was unchanged. Studies using short hairpin RNA repression of Hif2A or Hif2a Myosin Cre+ mice directly implicated hypoxia-inducible factor 2A in ERBB1 protein induction during hypoxia or after myocardial ischemia, respectively. Repression of RNA-binding protein 4 abolished hypoxia-inducible factor 2A-dependent induction of ERBB1 protein. Moreover, ErbB1 Myosin Cre+ mice experienced larger infarct sizes (22.46 ± 4.06 vs. 46.14 ± 1.81, P < 0.001) and could not be rescued via amphiregulin treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that hypoxia-inducible factor 2A promotes transcription-independent induction of ERBB1 protein and implicates epidermal growth factor signaling in protection from myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Leemasawat K, Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Mechanisms and potential interventions associated with the cardiotoxicity of ErbB2-targeted drugs: Insights from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies in breast cancer patients. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1571-1589. [PMID: 31650186 PMCID: PMC11104997 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer among women worldwide. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2 or ErbB2) is overexpressed in between 20 and 25% of invasive breast cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. Trastuzumab, an anti-ErbB2 monoclonal antibody, reduces cancer recurrence and mortality in HER2-positive breast cancer patients, but unexpectedly induces cardiac dysfunction, especially when used in combination with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Novel approved ErbB2-targeting drugs, including lapatinib, pertuzumab, and trastuzumab-emtansine, also potentially cause cardiotoxicity, although early clinical studies demonstrate their cardiac safety profile. Unfortunately, the mechanism involved in causing the cardiotoxicity is still not completely understood. In addition, the use of preventive interventions against trastuzumab-induced cardiac dysfunction, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers, remain controversial. Thus, this review aims to summarize and discuss the evidence currently available from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies regarding the mechanism and potential interventions associated with the cardiotoxicity of ErbB2-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krit Leemasawat
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Arintaya Phrommintikul
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Hage C, Wärdell E, Linde C, Donal E, Lam CS, Daubert C, Lund LH, Månsson‐Broberg A. Circulating neuregulin1-β in heart failure with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:445-455. [PMID: 31981321 PMCID: PMC7160501 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neuregulin1-β (NRG1-β) is released from microvascular endothelial cells in response to inflammation with compensatory cardioprotective effects. Circulating NRG1-β is elevated in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but not studied in HF with preserved EF (HFpEF). METHODS AND RESULTS Circulating NRG1-β was quantified in 86 stable patients with HFpEF (EF ≥45% and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide >300 ng/L), in 86 patients with HFrEF prior to and after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and/or heart transplantation (HTx) and in 21 healthy controls. Association between NRG1-β and the composite outcome of all-cause mortality/HF hospitalization in HFpEF and all-cause mortality/HTx/LVAD implantation in HFrEF with and without ischaemia assessed as macrovascular coronary artery disease was assessed. In HFpEF, median (25th-75th percentile) NRG1-β was 6.5 (2.1-11.3) ng/mL; in HFrEF, 3.6 (2.1-7.6) ng/mL (P = 0.035); after LVAD, 1.7 (0.9-3.6) ng/mL; after HTx 2.1 (1.4-3.6) ng/mL (overall P < 0.001); and in controls, 29.0 (23.1-34.3) ng/mL (P = 0.001). In HFrEF, higher NRG1-β was associated with worse outcomes (hazard ratio per log increase 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.04-2.03, P = 0.029), regardless of ischaemia. In HFpEF, the association of NRG1-β with outcomes was modified by ischaemia (log-rank P = 0.020; Pinteraction = 0.553) such that only in ischaemic patients, higher NRG1-β was related to worse outcomes. In contrast, in patients without ischaemia, higher NRG1-β trended towards better outcomes (hazard ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.48-1.05, P = 0.085). CONCLUSIONS Neuregulin1-β was reduced in HFpEF and further reduced in HFrEF. The opposing relationships of NRG1-β with outcomes in non-ischaemic HFpEF compared with HFrEF and ischaemic HFpEF may indicate compensatory increases of cardioprotective NRG1-β from microvascular endothelial dysfunction in the former (non-ischaemic HFpEF), but this compensatory mechanism is overwhelmed by the presence of ischaemia in the latter (HFrEF and ischaemic HFpEF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Hage
- Department of MedicineKarolinska Institutet – SolnaStockholmSweden
- Heart and Vascular ThemeKarolinska University HospitalSE‐171 76StockholmSweden
| | - Eva Wärdell
- Department of MedicineKarolinska Institutet – HuddingeHuddingeSweden
- Heart and Vascular ThemeKarolinska University HospitalSE‐171 76StockholmSweden
| | - Cecilia Linde
- Department of MedicineKarolinska Institutet – SolnaStockholmSweden
- Heart and Vascular ThemeKarolinska University HospitalSE‐171 76StockholmSweden
| | - Erwan Donal
- Département de Cardiologie & CIC‐IT U 804Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de RennesRennesFrance
| | - Carolyn S.P. Lam
- National Heart Centre SingaporeDuke‐National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- University Medical Centre GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyAustralia
| | - Claude Daubert
- Département de Cardiologie & CIC‐IT U 804Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de RennesRennesFrance
| | - Lars H. Lund
- Department of MedicineKarolinska Institutet – SolnaStockholmSweden
- Heart and Vascular ThemeKarolinska University HospitalSE‐171 76StockholmSweden
| | - Agneta Månsson‐Broberg
- Department of MedicineKarolinska Institutet – HuddingeHuddingeSweden
- Heart and Vascular ThemeKarolinska University HospitalSE‐171 76StockholmSweden
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Jian W, Wei CM, Guan JH, Mo CH, Xu YT, Zheng WB, Li L, Gui C. Association between serum HER2/ErbB2 levels and coronary artery disease: a case-control study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:124. [PMID: 32160892 PMCID: PMC7066824 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research has associated human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) with glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the association between circulating HER2 levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains to be elucidated. Methods We performed a case–control study with 435 participants (237 CAD patients and 198 controls) who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography from September 2018 to October 2019. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CAD were calculated with multiple logistic regression models after adjustment for confounders. Results Overall, increased serum HER2 levels were independently associated with the presence of CAD (OR per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase: 1.438, 95% CI 1.13–1.83; P = 0.003) and the number of stenotic vessels (OR per 1-SD increase: 1.399, 95% CI 1.15–1.71; P = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, a significant interaction of HER2 with body mass index (BMI) on the presence of CAD was observed (adjusted interaction P = 0.046). Increased serum HER2 levels were strongly associated with the presence of CAD in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (OR per 1-SD increase: 2.143, 95% CI 1.37–3.35; P = 0.001), whereas no significant association was found in participants with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (OR per 1-SD increase: 1.225, 95% CI 0.90–1.67; P = 0.201). Conclusion Elevated HER2 level is associated with an increased risk of CAD, particularly in people with obesity. This finding yields new insight into the pathological mechanisms underlying CAD, and warrants further research regarding HER2 as a preventive and therapeutic target of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 06 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Mei Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 06 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Guan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Hua Mo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 06 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 06 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 06 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 06 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 06 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory Base of Precision Medicine in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China. .,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Büttner P, Werner S, Sommer P, Burkhardt R, Zeynalova S, Baber R, Bollmann A, Husser-Bollmann D, Thiery J, Hindricks G, Thiele H, Kornej J. EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) Receptor Ligands in Atrial Fibrillation: From Genomic Evidence to the Identification of New Players. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 12:e007212. [PMID: 30894015 DOI: 10.1161/circep.119.007212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Büttner
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany. (P.B., S.W., H.T.)
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany. (P.B., S.W., H.T.)
| | - Philipp Sommer
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany. (P.S., A.B., D.H.-B., G.H., J.K.)
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry & Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Germany (R. Burkhardt, R. Baber, J.T.).,LIFE - Leipzig Research Center of Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany (R. Burkhardt, S.Z., R. Baber, D.H.-B., J.T., J.K.)
| | - Samira Zeynalova
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Germany (S.Z., J.K.).,LIFE - Leipzig Research Center of Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany (R. Burkhardt, S.Z., R. Baber, D.H.-B., J.T., J.K.)
| | - Ronny Baber
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry & Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Germany (R. Burkhardt, R. Baber, J.T.).,LIFE - Leipzig Research Center of Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany (R. Burkhardt, S.Z., R. Baber, D.H.-B., J.T., J.K.)
| | - Andreas Bollmann
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany. (P.S., A.B., D.H.-B., G.H., J.K.)
| | - Daniela Husser-Bollmann
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany. (P.S., A.B., D.H.-B., G.H., J.K.).,LIFE - Leipzig Research Center of Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany (R. Burkhardt, S.Z., R. Baber, D.H.-B., J.T., J.K.)
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry & Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Germany (R. Burkhardt, R. Baber, J.T.).,LIFE - Leipzig Research Center of Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany (R. Burkhardt, S.Z., R. Baber, D.H.-B., J.T., J.K.)
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany. (P.S., A.B., D.H.-B., G.H., J.K.)
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany. (P.B., S.W., H.T.)
| | - Jelena Kornej
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany. (P.S., A.B., D.H.-B., G.H., J.K.).,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Germany (S.Z., J.K.).,LIFE - Leipzig Research Center of Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Germany (R. Burkhardt, S.Z., R. Baber, D.H.-B., J.T., J.K.)
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11
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De Pascale MR, Della Mura N, Vacca M, Napoli C. Useful applications of growth factors for cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Growth Factors 2020; 38:35-63. [PMID: 33028111 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2020.1825410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel advances for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) include regenerative approaches for fibrosis, hypertrophy, and neoangiogenesis. Studies indicate that growth factor (GF) signaling could promote heart repair since most of the evidence is derived from preclinical models. Observational studies have evaluated GF serum/plasma levels as feasible biomarkers for risk stratification of CVDs. Noteworthy, two clinical interventional published studies showed that the administration of growth factors (GFs) induced beneficial effect on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), myocardial perfusion, end-systolic volume index (ESVI). To date, large scale ongoing studies are in Phase I-II and mostly focussed on intramyocardial (IM), intracoronary (IC) or intravenous (IV) administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) which result in the most investigated GFs in the last 10 years. Future data of ongoing randomized controlled studies will be crucial in understanding whether GF-based protocols could be in a concrete way effective in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michele Vacca
- Division of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- IRCCS Foundation SDN, Naples, Italy
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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12
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Hypoxia and EGF Stimulation Regulate VEGF Expression in Human Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) Cells by Differential Regulation of the PI3K/Rho-GTPase and MAPK Pathways. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111397. [PMID: 31698752 PMCID: PMC6912653 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and deadly cancers of the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by the presence of hypoxic regions, especially in the core, leading to an increase in vascularity. This increased vascularization is driven by the expression of the major angiogenic inducer VEGF and the indirect angiogenic inducer Epidermal growth factor (EGF), which stimulates VEGF expression. In this study, we examine the regulation of VEGF by both hypoxia and the EGF signaling pathway. We also examine the involvement of pathways downstream from EGF signaling, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway and the Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/RhoA/C (PI3K/RhoA/C) pathway in this regulation. Our results show that VEGF expression and secretion levels increase following either hypoxia or EGF stimulation, with the two stimuli signaling in parallel. We also observed an increase in ERK and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, in response to EGF stimulation, with kinetics that correlated with the kinetics of the effect on VEGF. Using pharmacological inhibitors against ERK and PI3K and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against RhoA and RhoC, we found that both the ERK and the PI3K/RhoA/C pathways have to cooperate in order to lead to an increase in VEGF expression, downstream from EGF. In response to hypoxia, however, only ERK was involved in the regulation of VEGF. Hypoxia also led to a surprising decrease in the activation of PI3K and RhoA/C. Finally, the decrease in the activation of these Rho-GTPases was found to be mediated through a hypoxia-driven overexpression of the Rho-GTPase GTPase activating protein (GAP), StarD13. Therefore, while under normoxic conditions, EGF stimulates the activation of both the PI3K and the MAPK pathways and the induction of VEGF, in glioblastoma cells, hypoxic conditions lead to the suppression of the PI3K/RhoA/C pathway and an exclusive switch to the MAPK pathway.
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13
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Oria VO, Lopatta P, Schmitz T, Preca BT, Nyström A, Conrad C, Bartsch JW, Kulemann B, Hoeppner J, Maurer J, Bronsert P, Schilling O. ADAM9 contributes to vascular invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:456-479. [PMID: 30556643 PMCID: PMC6360373 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and a metalloprotease (ADAM)‐9 is a metzincin cell‐surface protease with strongly elevated expression in solid tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this study, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) of a tissue microarray (TMA) to examine the expression of ADAM9 in a cohort of >100 clinically annotated PDAC cases. We report that ADAM9 is prominently expressed by PDAC tumor cells, and increased ADAM9 expression levels correlate with poor tumor grading (P = 0.027) and the presence of vasculature invasion (P = 0.017). We employed gene expression silencing to generate a loss‐of‐function system for ADAM9 in two established PDAC cell lines. In vitro analysis showed that loss of ADAM9 does not impede cellular proliferation and invasiveness in basement membrane. However, ADAM9 plays a crucial role in mediating cell migration and adhesion to extracellular matrix substrates such as fibronectin, tenascin, and vitronectin. This effect appears to depend on its catalytic activity. In addition, ADAM9 facilitates anchorage‐independent growth. In AsPC1 cells, but not in MiaPaCa‐2 cells, we noted a pronounced yet heterogeneous impact of ADAM9 on the abundance of various integrins, a process that we characterized as post‐translational regulation. Sprout formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is promoted by ADAM9, as examined by transfer of cancer cell conditioned medium; this finding further supports a pro‐angiogenic role of ADAM9 expressed by PDAC cancer cells. Immunoblotting analysis of cancer cell conditioned medium highlighted that ADAM9 regulates the levels of angiogenic factors, including shed heparin‐binding EGF‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF). Finally, we carried out orthotopic seeding of either wild‐type AsPC‐1 cells or AsPC‐1 cells with silenced ADAM9 expression into murine pancreas. In this in vivo setting, ADAM9 was also found to foster angiogenesis without an impact on tumor cell proliferation. In summary, our results characterize ADAM9 as an important regulator in PDAC tumor biology with a strong pro‐angiogenic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor O Oria
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul Lopatta
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Schmitz
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catharina Conrad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Birte Kulemann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Hoeppner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Gynecology, University Clinic RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Bronsert
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Tumorbank Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Surgical Pathology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Choe G, Park J, Jo H, Kim YS, Ahn Y, Lee JY. Studies on the effects of microencapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells in RGD-modified alginate on cardiomyocytes under oxidative stress conditions using in vitro biomimetic co-culture system. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:512-520. [PMID: 30445088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has been recognized as a promising approach for myocardium regeneration post myocardial infarction (MI); however, it unfortunately often remains a challenge because of poor survival of transplanted cells and a lack of clear understanding of their interactions with host cells. High oxidative stress at heart tissues post MI is considered one of the important factors damaging transplanted cells and native cells/tissues. Here, we employed an in vitro co-culture system, capable of mimicking cases of stem cell transplantation into the myocardium presenting high oxidative stress, using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) encapsulated in alginate or cell interactive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide-modified alginate micro-hydrogels. Under H2O2-induced oxidative stress conditions, viabilities of hMSCs and CMs were significantly higher in their co-culture than in their individual monolayer cultures. Expression of cardiac muscle markers remained high even with H2O2 treatment when cardiomyocytes (CMs) were co-cultured with hMSCs in RGD-alginate. Higher levels of various growth factors (associated with angiogenesis, cardiac regeneration, and contractility) were found in co-culture (noticeably with RGD-alginate) compared to monolayer cultures of CMs or hMSCs. These results can benefit the study of in vivo MI progression with transplanted stem cells and the development of effective stem cell-based therapeutic strategies for various oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goeun Choe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Junggeon Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerim Jo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sook Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Heliste J, Jokilammi A, Paatero I, Chakroborty D, Stark C, Savunen T, Laaksonen M, Elenius K. Receptor tyrosine kinase profiling of ischemic heart identifies ROR1 as a potential therapeutic target. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:196. [PMID: 30342492 PMCID: PMC6196006 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are potential targets for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. The human RTK family consists of 55 members, most of which have not yet been characterized for expression or activity in the ischemic heart. METHODS RTK gene expression was analyzed from human heart samples representing healthy tissue, acute myocardial infarction or ischemic cardiomyopathy. As an experimental model, pig heart with ischemia-reperfusion injury, caused by cardiopulmonary bypass, was used, from which phosphorylation status of RTKs was assessed with a phospho-RTK array. Expression and function of one RTK, ROR1, was further validated in pig tissue samples, and in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation. ROR1 protein level was analyzed by Western blotting. Cell viability after ROR1 siRNA knockdown or activation with Wnt-5a ligand was assessed by MTT assays. RESULTS In addition to previously characterized RTKs, a group of novel active and regulated RTKs was detected in the ischemic heart. ROR1 was the most significantly upregulated RTK in human ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, ROR1 phosphorylation was suppressed in the pig model of ischemia-reperfusion and ROR1 phosphorylation and expression were down-regulated in HL-1 cardiomyocytes subjected to short-term hypoxia in vitro. ROR1 expression in the pig heart was confirmed on protein and mRNA level. Functionally, ROR1 activity was associated with reduced viability of HL-1 cardiomyocytes in both normoxia and during hypoxia-reoxygenation. CONCLUSIONS Several novel RTKs were found to be regulated in expression or activity in ischemic heart. ROR1 was one of the most significantly regulated RTKs. The in vitro findings suggest a role for ROR1 as a potential target for the treatment of ischemic heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Heliste
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Jokilammi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Deepankar Chakroborty
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland.,Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christoffer Stark
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Savunen
- Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Klaus Elenius
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland. .,Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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16
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Abstract
This study investigated the effect of cupuassu butter on the cell number of human skin fibroblasts, as well as the gene expression profiles of certain growth factors in these fibroblasts. Cupuassu butter is a triglyceride composed of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids extracted from the fruit of Theobroma grandiflorum. The dataset includes expression profiles for genes encoding basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stem cell factor (SCF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor-7 (FGF7), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Cell viability profile is presented as a line graph, and the expression profiles are shown as bar graphs. Furthermore, this article also describes the effects of cupuassu butter on wound healing in vitro. The wound healing effects are shown as a bar graph accompanied with representative microscopic images.
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17
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Park S, Choe M, Yeo H, Han H, Kim J, Chang W, Yun S, Lee H, Lee M. Yes-associated protein mediates human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte proliferation: Involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7016-7025. [PMID: 29693249 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Unlike mature cardiomyocytes, human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes exhibit higher proliferative capacity; however, the underlying mechanisms involved are yet to be elucidated. Here, we revealed that the Yes-associated protein (YAP) plays a critical role in regulating cell proliferation in association with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs). Our results show that low-density culture significantly promotes the proliferation of hESC-CMs via YAP. Interestingly, the low-density culture-induced YAP expression further induced EGFR expression, without any alterations in the activity of EGFR and its two major downstream kinases, ERK, and AKT. However, treatment of a low-density-culture of hESC-CMs with epidermal growth factor (EGF) increased proliferation via phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK, and AKT, and the EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK, and AKT was significantly higher in low-density hESC-CMs than in high-density hESC-CMs. Furthermore, the EGF-induced activation of EGFR, ERK, and AKT increased YAP expression and subsequently proliferation. In conclusion, YAP mediates both low-density culture-induced and EGF-induced proliferation of hESC-CMs in low-density culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somi Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Museog Choe
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hancheol Yeo
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hojae Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joongsun Kim
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woocheol Chang
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seungpil Yun
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hojin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Minyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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18
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Transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in responses to myocardial stress and cardioprotection. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 83:97-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Argon Induces Protective Effects in Cardiomyocytes during the Second Window of Preconditioning. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071159. [PMID: 27447611 PMCID: PMC4964531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that argon has organoprotective properties. So far, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of argon preconditioning in cardiomyocytes within the first and second window of preconditioning. Primary isolated cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were subjected to 50% argon for 1 h, and subsequently exposed to a sublethal dosage of hypoxia (<1% O2) for 5 h either within the first (0–3 h) or second window (24–48 h) of preconditioning. Subsequently, the cell viability and proliferation was measured. The argon-induced effects were assessed by evaluation of mRNA and protein expression after preconditioning. Argon preconditioning did not show any cardioprotective effects in the early window of preconditioning, whereas it leads to a significant increase of cell viability 24 h after preconditioning compared to untreated cells (p = 0.015) independent of proliferation. Argon-preconditioning significantly increased the mRNA expression of heat shock protein (HSP) B1 (HSP27) (p = 0.048), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) (p = 0.001), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p < 0.001) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (p = 0.001). No difference was found with respect to activation of pro-survival kinases in the early and late window of preconditioning. The findings provide the first evidence of argon-induced effects on the survival of cardiomyocytes during the second window of preconditioning, which may be mediated through the induction of HSP27, SOD2, VEGF and iNOS.
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20
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Zhou Q, Hu W, Fei X, Huang X, Chen X, Zhao D, Huang J, Jiang L, Wang G. Recombinant human neuregulin-1β is protective against radiation-induced myocardial cell injury. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:325-30. [PMID: 27150576 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of recombinant human neuregulin-1β (rhNRG-1β) in the repair of the radiation-induced damage of myocardial cells and the underlying mechanism. Rats were divided into the radiotherapy alone group, the rhNRG-1β group (radiotherapy with rhNRG‑1β treatment) and the Herceptin group (radiotherapy with Herceptin treatment), and their myocardial cells were analyzed. The morphology of the myocardial cells was observed under an optical microscope, and the expression of γ‑H2AX and p53 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Damage to the myocardial cells was identified in the three groups following radiation treatment, which was identified by cell swelling and altered morphology. The integrated optical density values of γ‑H2AX in the radiotherapy alone, rhNRG‑1β and Herceptin groups were 50.96±5.548, 27.63±10.61 and 76.12±2.084, respectively. The OD of the radiotherapy alone group was significantly higher than that of the rhNRG‑1β treated group (P<0.0001), and the value of the Herceptin group was significantly higher than that of the radiotherapy alone group (P<0.0001). The p53 level in the rhNRG‑1β group was less than that of the radiotherapy alone group (P<0.001), and was higher in the Herceptin group compared with the radiotherapy alone group (P<0.0001). Thus, rhNRG‑1β can ameliorate radiotherapy-induced myocardial cell injury, predominantly by enhancing myocardial cell DNA repair, inhibiting cell apoptosis and improving myocardial function. The results of this study in myocardial cells suggest that patients with thoracic cancer may benefit from treatment with rhNRG‑1β for the repair of the radiation-induced damage of myocardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Xinxiong Fei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Xuqun Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Deqing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huangshi Central Hospital, Huangshi, Hubei 435000, P.R. China
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21
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Jiang X, Lv B, Li P, Ma X, Wang T, Zhou Q, Wang X, Gao X. Bioactivity-integrated UPLC/Q-TOF-MS of Danhong injection to identify NF-κB inhibitors and anti-inflammatory targets based on endothelial cell culture and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:270-276. [PMID: 26319960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danhong injection (DHI) is a traditional Chinese medicine injection that has been widely used in therapy for cardiovascular diseases. However, neither its mechanism nor its active constituents are clearly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY Our research aimed at identifying the anti-inflammatory ingredients and mechanism of DHI by combining high-throughput screening (HTS) with network pharmacology analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human endothelial cell line EAhy926 was cultured in vitro. Methyl thiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were performed to detect cell viability. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, interleukin-6 (IL-6), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK), phosphorylated IKK, phosphorylated NF-κB and phosphorylated IκB-α from the supernatant were determined. Then, we constructed an assay system combining ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) with an NF-κB activity luciferase reporter to screen DHI for essential anti-inflammatory components, and the results were verified using network pharmacology. RESULTS DHI could significantly suppress inflammatory responses, and the mechanism may be via an NF-κB-dependent pathway. We found nine potential anti-inflammatory ingredients: danshensu, protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, hydroxysafflor yellow A, safflor yellow A, salvianolic acid A salvianolic acid B and salvianolic acid C. Among these compounds, the NF-κB inhibitory activity of SAC is reported here for the first time. CONCLUSIONS DHI plays an important role in suppressing inflammatory responses through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. The potential NF-κB inhibitors in DHI contribute to the cross-talk of multiple targets in anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Bin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xianghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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22
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Yao CX, Shi JC, Ma CX, Xiong CJ, Song YL, Zhang SF, Zhang SF, Zang MX, Xue LX. EGF Protects Cells Against Dox-Induced Growth Arrest Through Activating Cyclin D1 Expression. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1755-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Jia-Chen Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Cai-Xia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Cheng-Juan Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Yang-Liu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Henan Province; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Shan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Ming-Xi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Li-Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
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23
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Ma CX, Song YL, Xiao L, Xue LX, Li WJ, Laforest B, Komati H, Wang WP, Jia ZQ, Zhou CY, Zou Y, Nemer M, Zhang SF, Bai X, Wu H, Zang MX. EGF is required for cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells through interaction with GATA-4 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2005-22. [PMID: 25504289 PMCID: PMC11113121 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cardiac differentiation is critical for maintaining normal cardiac development and function. The precise mechanisms whereby cardiac differentiation is regulated remain uncertain. Here, we have identified a GATA-4 target, EGF, which is essential for cardiogenesis and regulates cardiac differentiation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, EGF demonstrates functional interaction with GATA-4 in inducing the cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Biochemically, GATA-4 forms a complex with STAT3 to bind to the EGF promoter in response to EGF stimulation and cooperatively activate the EGF promoter. Functionally, the cooperation during EGF activation results in the subsequent activation of cyclin D1 expression, which partly accounts for the lack of additional induction of cardiac differentiation by the GATA-4/STAT3 complex. Thus, we propose a model in which the regulatory cascade of cardiac differentiation involves GATA-4, EGF, and cyclin D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Yang-Liu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Liyun Xiao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Li-Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Brigitte Laforest
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Hiba Komati
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Zhu-Qing Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Mona Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Shan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Xiaowen Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
| | - Huijian Wu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian, 116024 China
| | - Ming-Xi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Ke Xue Da Dao 100, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
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24
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HER4 and its cytoplasmic isoforms are associated with progression-free survival of malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res 2014; 24:88-91. [PMID: 24366194 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
HER4 belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family. Mutations in HER4 are associated with malignant melanoma. This points to HER4 as an important receptor in malignant melanoma and also raises the question of whether the other receptors in the EGF system could be involved. RT-qPCR mRNA quantification was carried out of all four EGF receptors (EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4) and the HER4 cytoplasmic isoforms in lymph node metastases from patients with malignant melanoma. We related their expression to progression of the disease. HER4 expression was found to be an indicator of short progression-free survival (P=0.0340). Interestingly, of the two cytoplasmic splice variants of HER4, the association of CYT1 (P=0.0176) with progression-free survival was more pronounced than that for CYT2 (P=0.0458). Also, HER3 was associated with progression-free survival (P=0.0169), whereas no association was found for EGFR or HER2 with time to progression. Our results further emphasize the role of HER4 as an important oncogene in malignant melanoma and point to HER4 as a possible drug target in this disease.
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25
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Kim SK, Pak HN, Park Y. Synergistic restoring effects of isoproterenol and magnesium on KCNQ1-inhibited bradycardia cell models cultured in microelectrode array. Cardiology 2014; 128:15-24. [PMID: 24514589 DOI: 10.1159/000356955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bradycardia is caused by loss-of-function mutations in potassium channels that regulate phase 3 repolarization of the cardiac action potential. The purpose of this study is to monitor the effects of potassium channel (KCNQ1) inhibition and to evaluate the effects of isoproterenol (ISO) and MgSO4 in restoring sinus rhythm in atrial cells. METHODS Microelectrode array was used to analyze conduction velocity, voltage amplitude and cycle length of atrial cells (HL-1). A combination of ISO and MgSO4 was used to restore sinus rhythm in these cells. RESULTS mRNA expression levels of KCNQ1 (42.2 vs. 100%, p < 0.0001), connexin 43 (29.6 vs. 100%, p = 0.0033), atrial natriuretic peptide (31.0 vs. 100%, p = 0.0030), cardiac actin (38.2 vs. 100%, p < 0.0001) and α-myosin heavy chain (31.2 vs. 100%, p = 0.00254) were significantly lower in the KCNQ1 gene-inhibited group compared to the control group. When treated with MgSO4 (1 mM) and ISO (10 μM), conduction velocity (0.0208 ± 0.0036 vs. 0.0086 ± 0.0014 m/s, p = 0.0004) and voltage amplitude (1,210.78 ± 65.81 vs. 124.1 ± 13.30 μV, p < 0.0001) were higher, and cycle length (431.55 ± 2.05 vs. 1,015.15 ± 4.31 ms, p < 0.0001) was shorter than in the gene-inhibited group. CONCLUSION Inhibition of sinus rhythm in the bradycardia cell model was recovered by treatment with ISO and MgSO4, demonstrating the potency of combination therapy in the treatment of bradycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Kyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Sridharan V, Sharma SK, Moros EG, Corry PM, Tripathi P, Lieblong BJ, Guha C, Hauer-Jensen M, Boerma M. Effects of radiation on the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway in the heart. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:539-47. [PMID: 23488537 PMCID: PMC3700655 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.782110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a serious side-effect of thoracic radiotherapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is essential for the function and survival of cardiomyocytes. Hence, agents that target the EGFR pathway are cardiotoxic. Tocotrienols protect from radiation injury, but may also enhance the therapeutic effects of EGFR pathway inhibitors in cancer treatment. This study investigated the effects of local irradiation on the EGFR pathway in the heart and tests whether tocotrienols may modify radiation-induced changes in this pathway. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received image-guided localized heart irradiation with 21 Gy. Twenty four hours before irradiation, rats received a single dose of tocotrienol-enriched formulation or vehicle by oral gavage. At time points from 2 h to 9 months after irradiation, left ventricular expression of EGFR pathway mediators was studied. RESULTS Irradiation caused a decrease in the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1) mRNA from 6 h up to 10 weeks, followed by an upregulation of these ligands and the receptor erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB)4 at 6 months. In addition, the upregulation of Nrg-1 was statistically significant up to 9 months after irradiation. A long-term upregulation of ErbB2 protein did not coincide with changes in transcription or post-translational interaction with the chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). Pretreatment with tocotrienols prevented radiation-induced changes at 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Local heart irradiation causes long-term changes in the EGFR pathway. Studies have to address how radiation may interact with cardiotoxic effects of EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Radiation Health, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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27
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Pigs in space. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/xce.0b013e32835f0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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