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Gouzien L, Che D, Cassaing S, Lortholary O, Letscher-Bru V, Paccoud O, Obadia T, Morio F, Moniot M, Cateau E, Bougnoux ME, Chouaki T, Hasseine L, Desoubeaux G, Gautier C, Mahinc-Martin C, Huguenin A, Bonhomme J, Sitbon K, Durand J, Alanio A, Millon L, Garcia-Hermoso D, Lanternier F. Epidemiology and prognostic factors of mucormycosis in France (2012-2022): a cross-sectional study nested in a prospective surveillance programme. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 45:101010. [PMID: 39220434 PMCID: PMC11363841 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Mucormycosis is a deadly invasive fungal infection recently included in the WHO priority pathogen list. Here we sought to describe epidemiological trends of mucormycosis in France, and to evaluate factors associated with mortality. Methods From 2012 to 2022, we implemented a nationwide prospective surveillance programme for mucormycosis in France, focusing on epidemiology, species, seasonal variations. Factors associated with 3-month mortality were studied by univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Findings Among 550 cases of mucormycosis, the main underlying conditions were haematological malignancy (HM, 65.1%, 358/550), trauma (8%, 44/550), diabetes (7.5%, 41/550) and solid-organ transplants (6.5%, 36/550). Site of infection was pulmonary in 52.4% (288/550), rhinocerebral in 14.5% (80/550), and cutaneo-articular in 17.1% (94/550). Main species identified were Rhizopus arrhizus (21%, 67/316), Rhizopus microsporus (13.6%, 43/316), Lichtheimia corymbifera and Mucor circinelloides (13.3%, 42/316 each), Rhizomucor pusillus (12%, 38/316), and Lichtheimia ramosa (10.8%, 34/316). We found associations between underlying condition, site of infection, and infecting species, including a previously undescribed triad of trauma, cutaneo-articular localisations, and L. ramosa/M. circinelloides. Diagnostic contribution of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) increased from 16% (4/25) in 2012 to 91% (61/67) in 2022, with more than 50% of diagnoses relying solely on PCR in 2022. We also found seasonal variations with relatively more cases in autumn. Ninety-day mortality was 55.8% (276/495). Independent prognostic factors were age, diagnosis in Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and HM while diagnosis after 2015 (i.e. large implementation of PCR) and surgery were associated with reduced mortality. Interpretation This study reveals major mucormycosis epidemiological changes in France, with a large predominance of HM patients, and a parallel between PCR multicentre implementation and improved prognosis. We also evidence new associations between species, localisations and risk factors, as well as seasonal variations. Funding Recurrent financial support from Santé Publique France and Institut Pasteur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gouzien
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasives Mycoses and Antifungals, Mycology Department, Paris, France
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | | | - Sophie Cassaing
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, CHU Toulouse, Restore Institute, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Lortholary
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasives Mycoses and Antifungals, Mycology Department, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), France
| | - Valérie Letscher-Bru
- Parasitology and Medical Mycology Laboratory, Plateau Technique de Microbiologie, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Pathology, UR 3073 Pathogens-Host-Arthropods-Vectors Interactions, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Paccoud
- Paris Cité University, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), France
| | - Thomas Obadia
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasives Mycoses and Antifungals, Mycology Department, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Université Paris Cité, Paris 75015, France
| | - Florent Morio
- Nantes University, CHU Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, UR1155, Nantes, France
| | - Maxime Moniot
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Biology Center, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Cateau
- Mycology Laboratory, CHU de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers, France
| | - Marie Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité INRAE University, Paris, France
| | | | - Lilia Hasseine
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Desoubeaux
- Parasitology-Mycology-Tropical Medecine, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
- Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires - Inserm UMR1100, Medecine Univeristy, Tours, France
| | - Cecile Gautier
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasives Mycoses and Antifungals, Mycology Department, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Mahinc-Martin
- Mycology Parasitology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Antoine Huguenin
- Reims Champagne Ardenne University, ESCAPE EA7510, Reims, France
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Julie Bonhomme
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, CHU Caen, ToxEMAC-ABTE, Université de Normandie Unicaen, France
| | - Karine Sitbon
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasives Mycoses and Antifungals, Mycology Department, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Alanio
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasives Mycoses and Antifungals, Mycology Department, Paris, France
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Millon
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Franche-Comté University, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Dea Garcia-Hermoso
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasives Mycoses and Antifungals, Mycology Department, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Lanternier
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasives Mycoses and Antifungals, Mycology Department, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), France
| | - the French Mycoses Study Group
- Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité University, National Reference Center for Invasives Mycoses and Antifungals, Mycology Department, Paris, France
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
- Sante Publique France, France
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, CHU Toulouse, Restore Institute, Toulouse, France
- Paris Cité University, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Necker-Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), France
- Parasitology and Medical Mycology Laboratory, Plateau Technique de Microbiologie, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Pathology, UR 3073 Pathogens-Host-Arthropods-Vectors Interactions, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- Nantes University, CHU Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l’Immunité, UR1155, Nantes, France
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Biology Center, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Mycology Laboratory, CHU de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, Poitiers, France
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cité INRAE University, Paris, France
- Mycology-Parasitology, CHU d’Amiens, Amiens, France
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
- Parasitology-Mycology-Tropical Medecine, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France
- Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires - Inserm UMR1100, Medecine Univeristy, Tours, France
- Mycology Parasitology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
- Reims Champagne Ardenne University, ESCAPE EA7510, Reims, France
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie, CHU de Reims, Reims, France
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, CHU Caen, ToxEMAC-ABTE, Université de Normandie Unicaen, France
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
- Institut Pasteur, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Université Paris Cité, Paris 75015, France
- Chrono-environnement UMR6249, CNRS, Franche-Comté University, Besançon F-25000, France
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Lee J, Lee DG, Lee R, Yoon JH, Beck KS, Yoo IY, Park YJ. The First Case of Pulmonary Mucormycosis Caused by Lichtheimia ornata. Ann Lab Med 2024; 44:371-374. [PMID: 38475871 PMCID: PMC10961628 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jungjun Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Raeseok Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Yoon
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyongmin Sarah Beck
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Joon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Abramczyk BM, Wiktorowicz DG, Okrasińska A, Pawłowska JZ. Mucor thermorhizoides-A New Species from Post-mining Site in Sudety Mountains (Poland). Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:201. [PMID: 38822823 PMCID: PMC11144139 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03708-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Mucor representatives are mostly rapidly growing cosmopolitan soil saprotrophs of early diverged Mucoromycotina subphylum. Although this is the most speciose genus within the group, some lineages are still understudied. In this study, new species of Mucor was isolated from the post-mining area in southwestern Poland, where soil chemical composition analysis revealed high concentration of hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Phylogenetic analysis based on multigene phylogeny showed that the new isolate clusters distinctly from other Mucor species as a sister group to Mucor microsporus. New species Mucor thermorhizoides Abramczyk (Mucorales, Mucoromycota) is characterized by the extensive rhizoid production in elevated temperatures and formation of two layers of sporangiophores. It also significantly differs from M. microsporus in the shape of spores and the size of sporangia. M. thermorhizoides was shown to be able to grow in oligotrophic conditions at low temperatures. Together with M. microsporus they represent understudied and highly variable lineage of the Mucor genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamin M Abramczyk
- Biology of Microorganisms Students' Society, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota G Wiktorowicz
- Biology of Microorganisms Students' Society, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Okrasińska
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Z Pawłowska
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Lax C, Nicolás FE, Navarro E, Garre V. Molecular mechanisms that govern infection and antifungal resistance in Mucorales. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0018822. [PMID: 38445820 PMCID: PMC10966947 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00188-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe World Health Organization has established a fungal priority pathogens list that includes species critical or highly important to human health. Among them is the order Mucorales, a fungal group comprising at least 39 species responsible for the life-threatening infection known as mucormycosis. Despite the continuous rise in cases and the poor prognosis due to innate resistance to most antifungal drugs used in the clinic, Mucorales has received limited attention, partly because of the difficulties in performing genetic manipulations. The COVID-19 pandemic has further escalated cases, with some patients experiencing the COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, highlighting the urgent need to increase knowledge about these fungi. This review addresses significant challenges in treating the disease, including delayed and poor diagnosis, the lack of accurate global incidence estimation, and the limited treatment options. Furthermore, it focuses on the most recent discoveries regarding the mechanisms and genes involved in the development of the disease, antifungal resistance, and the host defense response. Substantial advancements have been made in identifying key fungal genes responsible for invasion and tissue damage, host receptors exploited by the fungus to invade tissues, and mechanisms of antifungal resistance. This knowledge is expected to pave the way for the development of new antifungals to combat mucormycosis. In addition, we anticipate significant progress in characterizing Mucorales biology, particularly the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis and antifungal resistance, with the possibilities offered by CRISPR-Cas9 technology for genetic manipulation of the previously intractable Mucorales species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Lax
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco E. Nicolás
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eusebio Navarro
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Garre
- Departamento de Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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5
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Scheler J, Binder U. Alternative in-vivo models of mucormycosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1343834. [PMID: 38362495 PMCID: PMC10867140 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1343834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is still regarded a rare fungal infection, but the high incidences of COVID-associated cases in India and other countries have shown its potential threat to large patient cohorts. In addition, infections by these fast-growing fungi are often fatal and cause disfigurement, badly affecting patients' lives. In advancing our understanding of pathogenicity factors involved in this disease, to enhance the diagnostic toolset and to evaluate novel treatment regimes, animal models are indispensable. As ethical and practical considerations typically favor the use of alternative model systems, this review provides an overview of alternative animal models employed for mucormycosis and discusses advantages and limitations of the respective model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Binder
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
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6
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Ben-Ami R. Experimental Models to Study the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Mucormycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:85. [PMID: 38276032 PMCID: PMC10820959 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis presents a formidable challenge to clinicians and researchers. Animal models are an essential part of the effort to decipher the pathogenesis of mucormycosis and to develop novel pharmacotherapeutics against it. Diverse model systems have been established, using a range of animal hosts, immune and metabolic perturbations, and infection routes. An understanding of the characteristics, strengths, and drawbacks of these models is needed to optimize their use for specific research aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Ben-Ami
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel
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Samdavid Thanapaul RJR, Roberds A, Rios KE, Walsh TJ, Bobrov AG. Hyphae of Rhizopus arrhizus and Lichtheimia corymbifera Are More Virulent and Resistant to Antifungal Agents Than Sporangiospores In Vitro and in Galleria mellonella. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:958. [PMID: 37888214 PMCID: PMC10607466 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucorales species cause debilitating, life-threatening sinopulmonary diseases in immunocompromised patients and penetrating wounds in trauma victims. Common antifungal agents against mucormycosis have significant toxicity and are often ineffective. To evaluate treatments against mucormycosis, sporangiospores are typically used for in vitro assays and in pre-clinical animal models of pulmonary infections. However, in clinical cases of wound mucormycosis caused by traumatic inoculation, hyphal elements found in soil are likely the form of the inoculated organism. In this study, Galleria mellonella larvae were infected with either sporangiospores or hyphae of Rhizopus arrhizus and Lichtheimia corymbifera. Hyphal infections resulted in greater and more rapid larval lethality than sporangiospores, with an approximate 10-16-fold decrease in LD50 of hyphae for R. arrhizus (p = 0.03) and L. corymbifera (p = 0.001). Liposomal amphotericin B, 10 mg/kg, was ineffective against hyphal infection, while the same dosage was effective against infections produced by sporangiospores. Furthermore, in vitro, antifungal susceptibility studies show that minimum inhibitory concentrations of several antifungal agents against hyphae were higher when compared to those of sporangiospores. These findings support using hyphal elements of Mucorales species for virulence testing and antifungal drug screening in vitro and in G. mellonella for studies of wound mucormycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex Jeya Rajkumar Samdavid Thanapaul
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (R.J.R.S.T.); (K.E.R.)
- NRC Research Associateship Programs, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Ashleigh Roberds
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (R.J.R.S.T.); (K.E.R.)
| | - Kariana E. Rios
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (R.J.R.S.T.); (K.E.R.)
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, VA 23220, USA;
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexander G. Bobrov
- Wound Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (R.J.R.S.T.); (K.E.R.)
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8
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Aboutalebian S, Erami M, Momen-Heravi M, Charsizadeh A, Hezaveh SJH, Matini AH, Ahsaniarani AH, Fakhrehi M, Mirhendi H. A case of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis due to Lichtheimia ramosa. J Clin Lab Anal 2023:e24895. [PMID: 37183276 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucormycosis is a life-threatening invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised and COVID-19 patients. CASE REPORT Here, we report a fatal rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia ramosa, in a 79-year-old diabetic female. She was initially admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 infection and received broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids. After 1 month, she was admitted again because of persistent headaches and decreased right eye movement when the computed tomography scan showed mucosal thickening and opacification of paranasal sinuses. Microbiological investigations, including culture and direct microscopy, and histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of proven mucormycosis. The isolated causal agent was identified as Lichtheimia ramosa by sequencing the entire ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Despite surgical debridement and administration of liposomal amphotericin B 5 mg/kg/day, the patient's level of consciousness suddenly deteriorated; she was intubated and mechanically ventilated in the ICU and died on the same day. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first worldwide case of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis due to Lichtheimia ramosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Aboutalebian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahzad Erami
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Momen-Heravi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Charsizadeh
- Immunology, Asthma, and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jamal Hashemi Hezaveh
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hassan Matini
- Department of Pathology and Histology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Ahsaniarani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Matini Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Fakhrehi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, Research Core Facilities Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Thermotolerance and Adaptation to Climate Change. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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IWANAGA M, KAMIKAWA A, IMAI N, SHIMADA K, DEGAWA Y, HANAFUSA Y, SHIBAHARA T. Striatal necrosis caused by Lichtheimia ramosa in a neonatal calf. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1943-1947. [PMID: 34707018 PMCID: PMC8762403 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-day-old male calf that did not want breast milk from birth died following neurological signs such as staggering. Postmortem examination revealed bleeding and encephalomalacia in the left striatum and frontal lobe. Histopathologically, necrotic granulomatous encephalitis with numerous fungi was detected. The fungi were positively stained with anti-Rhizomucor mouse monoclonal antibodies. Lichtheimia ramosa was detected in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of the affected tissue by molecular methods. To the best of our knowledge, striatal necrosis caused by L. ramosa in a neonatal calf has not been reported. This study provides the first evidence of striatal necrosis caused by L. ramosa in a neonatal calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikuya IWANAGA
- Fukushima Prefectural Chuou Livestock Hygiene Service
Center, 114-12 Arayashiki, Ganpouji, Tamakawa, Ishikawa, Fukushima 963-6311, Japan
| | - Ayaka KAMIKAWA
- Fukushima Prefectural Chuou Livestock Hygiene Service
Center, 114-12 Arayashiki, Ganpouji, Tamakawa, Ishikawa, Fukushima 963-6311, Japan
| | - Naoto IMAI
- Fukushima Prefectural Chuou Livestock Hygiene Service
Center, 114-12 Arayashiki, Ganpouji, Tamakawa, Ishikawa, Fukushima 963-6311, Japan
| | - Kaho SHIMADA
- Chiba Prefectural Chuou Livestock Hygiene Service Office,
497 Iwatomimachi, Sakura, Chiba 285-0072, Japan
| | - Yousuke DEGAWA
- Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, Faculty
of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1278-294 Sugadaira kogen, Ueda,
Nagano 386-2204, Japan
| | - Yasuko HANAFUSA
- Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal
Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki SHIBAHARA
- Division of Hygiene Management Research, National Institute
of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5
Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life
and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano,
Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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11
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Zautner AE, Frickmann H, Podbielski A. Risk Assessment for Molds in the Vicinity of a Child Requiring Peritoneal Dialysis Living in a Rural Northern German Area. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112292. [PMID: 34835418 PMCID: PMC8623174 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As well as severe immunosuppression, other predisposing factors may facilitate invasive mycosis caused by molds. Chronic kidney disease and the resulting peritoneal dialysis have been reported as factors putting patients at risk of fungal infections from environmental sources. We describe an environmental investigation undertaken to guide exposure prevention for a peritoneal dialysis patient with transient colonization of her nostrils by Lichtheimia corymbifera in a rural area of northern Germany. Systematic screening for airborne and surface-deposited molds enabled targeted recommendations to be made, although Lichtheimia corymbifera itself was not grown from the collected environmental samples. This communication is intended to illustrate how such an investigation can be performed on the basis of the environmental distribution of the molds and how preventive recommendations can be derived from the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Erich Zautner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-67-15859
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, 20359 Hamburg, Germany;
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hospital Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Andreas Podbielski
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hospital Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
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12
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Yu Y, Wolf AK, Thusek S, Heinekamp T, Bromley M, Krappmann S, Terpitz U, Voigt K, Brakhage AA, Beilhack A. Direct Visualization of Fungal Burden in Filamentous Fungus-Infected Silkworms. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020136. [PMID: 33668495 PMCID: PMC7918154 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are difficult to diagnose and to treat and, despite several available antifungal drugs, cause high mortality rates. In the past decades, the incidence of IFIs has continuously increased. More recently, SARS-CoV-2-associated lethal IFIs have been reported worldwide in critically ill patients. Combating IFIs requires a more profound understanding of fungal pathogenicity to facilitate the development of novel antifungal strategies. Animal models are indispensable for studying fungal infections and to develop new antifungals. However, using mammalian animal models faces various hurdles including ethical issues and high costs, which makes large-scale infection experiments extremely challenging. To overcome these limitations, we optimized an invertebrate model and introduced a simple calcofluor white (CW) staining protocol to macroscopically and microscopically monitor disease progression in silkworms (Bombyx mori) infected with the human pathogenic filamentous fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Lichtheimia corymbifera. This advanced silkworm A. fumigatus infection model could validate knockout mutants with either attenuated, strongly attenuated or unchanged virulence. Finally, CW staining allowed us to efficiently visualize antifungal treatment outcomes in infected silkworms. Conclusively, we here present a powerful animal model combined with a straightforward staining protocol to expedite large-scale in vivo research of fungal pathogenicity and to investigate novel antifungal candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.-K.W.); (S.T.)
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (A.B.)
| | - Ann-Katrin Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.-K.W.); (S.T.)
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sina Thusek
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.-K.W.); (S.T.)
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinekamp
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.H.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Michael Bromley
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Sven Krappmann
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Erlangen University Hospital, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Erlangen Center of Infection Research, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Terpitz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A. Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology—Hans Knöll Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.H.); (A.A.B.)
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.-K.W.); (S.T.)
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (A.B.)
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13
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Hassan MIA, Keller M, Hillger M, Binder U, Reuter S, Herold K, Telagathoti A, Dahse HM, Wicht S, Trinks N, Nietzsche S, Deckert-Gaudig T, Deckert V, Mrowka R, Terpitz U, Peter Saluz H, Voigt K. The impact of episporic modification of Lichtheimia corymbifera on virulence and interaction with phagocytes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:880-896. [PMID: 33598103 PMCID: PMC7851798 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections caused by the ancient lineage Mucorales are emerging and increasingly reported in humans. Comprehensive surveys on promising attributes from a multitude of possible virulence factors are limited and so far, focused on Mucor and Rhizopus. This study addresses a systematic approach to monitor phagocytosis after physical and enzymatic modification of the outer spore wall of Lichtheimia corymbifera, one of the major causative agents of mucormycosis. Episporic modifications were performed and their consequences on phagocytosis, intracellular survival and virulence by murine alveolar macrophages and in an invertebrate infection model were elucidated. While depletion of lipids did not affect the phagocytosis of both strains, delipidation led to attenuation of LCA strain but appears to be dispensable for infection with LCV strain in the settings used in this study. Combined glucano-proteolytic treatment was necessary to achieve a significant decrease of virulence of the LCV strain in Galleria mellonella during maintenance of the full potential for spore germination as shown by a novel automated germination assay. Proteolytic and glucanolytic treatments largely increased phagocytosis compared to alive resting and swollen spores. Whilst resting spores barely (1–2%) fuse to lysosomes after invagination in to phagosomes, spore trypsinization led to a 10-fold increase of phagolysosomal fusion as measured by intracellular acidification. This is the first report of a polyphasic measurement of the consequences of episporic modification of a mucormycotic pathogen in spore germination, spore surface ultrastructure, phagocytosis, stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), phagolysosomal fusion and intracellular acidification, apoptosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and virulence.
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Key Words
- AFM, Atomic Force Microscopy
- Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
- CD14, Cluster of differentiation 14
- CFW, Calcofluor white
- Galleria mellonella
- HEK, human embryonic kidney
- HSI, Hyperspectral imaging
- Hyperspectral imaging (HIS)
- IPS, Insect physiological saline
- Intracellular survival
- LCA, Lichtheimia corymbifera attenuated
- LCV, Lichtheimia corymbifera virulent
- MD-2, Myeloid Differentiation factor 2
- MH-S, Murine alveolar macrophages
- MM6, Acute monocytic leukemia derived human monocyte Mono-Mac-6
- Monocytes
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells
- PBS, Phosphate buffer saline solution
- PI, Phagocytosis index
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- TEM, Transmission Electron Microscopy
- TLRs, Toll like receptors
- Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Abdelwahab Hassan
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Pests & Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, 33rd El Buhouth St. (Postal code: 12622) Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Monique Keller
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Hillger
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Binder
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41/2, 6020 Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Stefanie Reuter
- Experimental Nephrology Group, KIM III, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany.,ThIMEDOP-Thüringer Innovationszentrum für Medizintechnik-Lösungen, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kristina Herold
- Experimental Nephrology Group, KIM III, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anusha Telagathoti
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Dahse
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Saiedeh Wicht
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Biocenter - Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nora Trinks
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Biocenter - Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA
| | - Ralf Mrowka
- Experimental Nephrology Group, KIM III, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany.,ThIMEDOP-Thüringer Innovationszentrum für Medizintechnik-Lösungen, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich Terpitz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Biocenter - Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans Peter Saluz
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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14
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Stanford FA, Voigt K. Iron Assimilation during Emerging Infections Caused by Opportunistic Fungi with emphasis on Mucorales and the Development of Antifungal Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111296. [PMID: 33143139 PMCID: PMC7693903 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a key transition metal required by most microorganisms and is prominently utilised in the transfer of electrons during metabolic reactions. The acquisition of iron is essential and becomes a crucial pathogenic event for opportunistic fungi. Iron is not readily available in the natural environment as it exists in its insoluble ferric form, i.e., in oxides and hydroxides. During infection, the host iron is bound to proteins such as transferrin, ferritin, and haemoglobin. As such, access to iron is one of the major hurdles that fungal pathogens must overcome in an immunocompromised host. Thus, these opportunistic fungi utilise three major iron acquisition systems to overcome this limiting factor for growth and proliferation. To date, numerous iron acquisition pathways have been fully characterised, with key components of these systems having major roles in virulence. Most recently, proteins involved in these pathways have been linked to the development of antifungal resistance. Here, we provide a detailed review of our current knowledge of iron acquisition in opportunistic fungi, and the role iron may have on the development of resistance to antifungals with emphasis on species of the fungal basal lineage order Mucorales, the causative agents of mucormycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Adelina Stanford
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research, and Infection Biology–Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research, and Infection Biology–Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knöll Institute, Jena Microbial Resource Collection Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-532-1395; Fax: +49-3641-532-2395
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15
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Hassan MIA, Kruse JM, Krüger T, Dahse HM, Cseresnyés Z, Blango MG, Slevogt H, Hörhold F, Ast V, König R, Figge MT, Kniemeyer O, Brakhage AA, Voigt K. Functional surface proteomic profiling reveals the host heat-shock protein A8 as a mediator of Lichtheimia corymbifera recognition by murine alveolar macrophages. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3722-3740. [PMID: 32583550 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is an emergent, fatal fungal infection of humans and warm-blooded animals caused by species of the order Mucorales. Immune cells of the innate immune system serve as the first line of defence against inhaled spores. Alveolar macrophages were challenged with the mucoralean fungus Lichtheimia corymbifera and subjected to biotinylation and streptavidin enrichment procedures followed by LC-MS/MS analyses. A total of 28 host proteins enriched for binding to macrophage-L. corymbifera interaction. Among those, the HSP70-family protein Hspa8 was found to be predominantly responsive to living and heat-killed spores of a virulent and an attenuated strain of L. corymbifera. Confocal scanning laser microscopy of infected macrophages revealed colocalization of Hspa8 with phagocytosed spores of L. corymbifera. The amount of detectable Hspa8 was dependent on the multiplicity of infection. Incubation of alveolar macrophages with an anti-Hspa8 antibody prior to infection reduced their capability to phagocytose spores of L. corymbifera. In contrast, anti-Hspa8 antibodies did not abrogate the phagocytosis of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia by macrophages. These results suggest an important contribution of the heat-shock family protein Hspa8 in the recognition of spores of the mucoralean fungus L. corymbifera by host alveolar macrophages and define a potential immunomodulatory therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Abdelwahab Hassan
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, 33rd El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Janis M Kruse
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüger
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Dahse
- Department of Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Zoltán Cseresnyés
- Department of Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew G Blango
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Host Septomics Group, Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Septomics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Hörhold
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Ast
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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16
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Pan J, Tsui C, Li M, Xiao K, de Hoog GS, Verweij PE, Cao Y, Lu H, Jiang Y. First Case of Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis Caused by Lichtheimia ornata, with a Review of Lichtheimia Infections. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:555-567. [PMID: 32388712 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichtheimia species are emerging opportunistic fungal pathogens in the Mucorales, causing serious skin and respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients. Established agents are Lichtheimia corymbifera and L. ramosa, while L. ornata is a novel agent. Available data on a species-specific analysis of Lichtheimia infections are limited. METHODS The first case of a fatal rhino-orbital-cerebral infection in a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipient caused by L. ornata is reported; the agent was identified by sequencing the ITS ribosomal region. We reviewed the literature on mucormycosis due to Lichtheimia species between 2009 and 2018, with an analysis of risk factors and epidemiological and clinical data. RESULTS In addition to our Lichtheimia ornata case, 44 cases of human Lichtheimia were analyzed. Lichtheimia predominated in Europe (68.2%), followed by Asia (16%), and Africa (9%). The most common underlying condition was hematological malignancy (36.3%), followed by trauma/major surgery (27.3%), while diabetes mellitus was rare (11.4%). Site of infection was mostly skin and soft tissues (45.5%) and lung (25%), while relatively few cases were disseminated (13.6%) or rhinocerebral (11.4%). Mortality (36.4%) was mainly due to disseminated and rhinocerebral infections. CONCLUSION In contrast to Rhizopus, the most common agent of mucormycosis recorded in patients with diabetes mellitus, Lichtheimia infections were primarily associated with hematological malignancies and major skin barrier damage. Given the fact that classical rhinocerebral mucormycosis remains difficult to treat, independent of causative species, timely application of amphotericin B accessory to debridement may be required for patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Pan
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 4, Yunyan District, Guiyang, China
| | - Clement Tsui
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mengxing Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kun Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Guiyang Third People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Paul E Verweij
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 4, Yunyan District, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 4, Yunyan District, Guiyang, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road 4, Yunyan District, Guiyang, China. .,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands. .,Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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17
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Trabelsi H, Hadrich I, Neji S, Khemakhem N, Hammami B, Makni F, Sellami H, Ayadi A. Microsatellite analysis of the population structure in Rhizopus arrhizus. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 128:1793-1801. [PMID: 31965685 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rhizopus arrhizus is recognized as an emergent agent of superficial and invasive mucormycosis. Despite an increasing number of these infections, the molecular epidemiology of Rhizopus species has not been well studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 43 R. arrhizus strains (25 environmental and 18 clinical isolates) were genotyped using six novel panels of microsatellite markers. RESULTS Upon the analysis of 43 isolates, 4-8 distinct alleles were detected for each marker. The discriminatory power for the individual markers ranged from 0·522 to 0·830. The combination of all six markers yielded 33 different haplotypes with a high degree of discrimination (0·989 D value). A four-marker combination were selected as the most parsimonious panel achieving D > 0·95. One clinical isolate and one environmental isolate shared the same genotype suggesting the possible nosocomial outbreak of mucormycosis in hospitalized patients. We have noted that the strains isolated from cutaneous mucormycosis were different from the strains isolated from rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Then, the hypothesis of particular tropism of infectious strains for a given site is not excluded. The standardized indices of association IA and rBarD were significantly different from zero (P < 0·01), suggesting a prevailing clonal reproduction. The environmental population was significantly differentiated from clinical populations (Fst = 0·2249). CONCLUSIONS Microsatellite typing method described in our study showed an excellent degree of discriminatory power. It is a promising tool for illuminating the molecular epidemiology of R. arrhizus species, including strain relatedness and transmission pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Fungi and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - I Hadrich
- Fungi and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - S Neji
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Fungi and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - N Khemakhem
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Fungi and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - B Hammami
- ENT Department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - F Makni
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Fungi and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - H Sellami
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Fungi and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - A Ayadi
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.,Fungi and Parasitic Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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18
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Hassan MIA, Cseresnyes Z, Al-Zaben N, Dahse HM, Vilela de Oliveira RJ, Walther G, Voigt K, Figge MT. The geographical region of origin determines the phagocytic vulnerability of Lichtheimia strains. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4563-4581. [PMID: 31330072 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mucormycoses are life-threatening infections that affect patients suffering from immune deficiencies. We performed phagocytosis assays confronting various strains of Lichtheimia species with alveolar macrophages, which form the first line of defence of the innate immune system. To investigate 17 strains from four different continents in a comparative fashion, transmitted light and confocal fluorescence microscopy was applied in combination with automated image analysis. This interdisciplinary approach enabled the objective and quantitative processing of the big volume of image data. Applying machine-learning supported methods, a spontaneous clustering of the strains was revealed in the space of phagocytic measures. This clustering was not driven by measures of fungal morphology but rather by the geographical origin of the fungal strains. Our study illustrates the crucial contribution of machine-learning supported automated image analysis to the qualitative discovery and quantitative comparison of major factors affecting host-pathogen interactions. We found that the phagocytic vulnerability of Lichtheimia species depends on their geographical origin, where strains within each geographic region behaved similarly, but strongly differed amongst the regions. Based on this clustering, we were able to also classify clinical isolates with regard to their potential geographical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Abdelwahab Hassan
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Pests & Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, 33rd El Buhouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zoltan Cseresnyes
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Naim Al-Zaben
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Dahse
- Infection Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Rafael J Vilela de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Course in the Biology of Fungi, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Nelson Chaves, s/n, Recife, Prince Edward Island, Brazil
| | - Grit Walther
- National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
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19
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Maurer E, Hörtnagl C, Lackner M, Grässle D, Naschberger V, Moser P, Segal E, Semis M, Lass-Flörl C, Binder U. Galleria mellonella as a model system to study virulence potential of mucormycetes and evaluation of antifungal treatment. Med Mycol 2019; 57:351-362. [PMID: 29924357 PMCID: PMC6398984 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucorales can cause cutaneous to deep-seated infections, mainly in the immunocompromised host, resulting in high mortality rates due to late and inefficient treatment. In this study, Galleria mellonella larvae were evaluated as a heterologous invertebrate host to study pathogenicity of clinically relevant mucormycetes (Rhizopus spp., Rhizomucor spp., Lichtheimia spp., Mucor spp.). All tested species were able to infect G. mellonella larvae. Virulence potential was species-specific and correlated to clinical relevance. Survival of infected larvae was dependent on (a) the species (growth speed and spore size), (b) the infection dose, (c) the incubation temperature, (d) oxidative stress tolerance, and (e) iron availability in the growth medium. Moreover, we exploited the G. mellonella system to determine antifungal efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B, posaconazole, isavuconazole, and nystatin-intralipid. Outcome of in vivo treatment was strongly dependent upon the drug applied and the species tested. Nystatin-intralipid exhibited best activity against Mucorales, followed by posaconazole, while limited efficacy was seen for liposomal amphotericin B and isavuconazole. Pharmacokinetic properties of the tested antifungals within this alternative host system partly explain the limited treatment efficacy. In conclusion, G. mellonella represents a useful invertebrate infection model for studying virulence of mucormycetes, while evaluation of treatment response was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Maurer
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Hörtnagl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Lackner
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Denise Grässle
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Naschberger
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Esther Segal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Margarita Semis
- City of Hope, Beckman research Institute, Department of Molecular Immunology, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ulrike Binder
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Hassan MIA, Voigt K. Pathogenicity patterns of mucormycosis: epidemiology, interaction with immune cells and virulence factors. Med Mycol 2019; 57:S245-S256. [PMID: 30816980 PMCID: PMC6394756 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi of the basal lineage order Mucorales are able to cause infections in animals and humans. Mucormycosis is a well-known, life-threatening disease especially in patients with a compromised immune system. The rate of mortality and morbidity caused by mucormycosis has increased rapidly during the last decades, especially in developing countries. The systematic, phylogenetic, and epidemiological distributions of mucoralean fungi are addressed in relation to infection in immunocompromised patients. The review highlights the current achievements in (i) diagnostics and management of mucormycosis, (ii) the study of the interaction of Mucorales with cells of the innate immune system, (iii) the assessment of the virulence of Mucorales in vertebrate and invertebrate infection models, and (iv) the determination of virulence factors that are key players in the infection process, for example, high-affinity iron permease (FTR1), spore coat protein (CotH), alkaline Rhizopus protease enzyme (ARP), ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, calcineurin (CaN), serine and aspartate proteases (SAPs). The present mini-review attempts to increase the awareness of these difficult-to-manage fungal infections and to encourage research in the detection of ligands and receptors as potential diagnostic parameters and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Abdelwahab Hassan
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Pests and Plant Protection Department, National Research Centre, 33rd El Buhouth Street (Postal code: 12622) Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knoell Institute, Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
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21
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Animal Models to Study Mucormycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5020027. [PMID: 30934788 PMCID: PMC6617025 DOI: 10.3390/jof5020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a rare but often fatal or debilitating infection caused by a diverse group of fungi. Animal models have been crucial in advancing our knowledge of mechanisms influencing the pathogenesis of mucormycoses, and to evaluate therapeutic strategies. This review describes the animal models established for mucormycosis, summarizes how they have been applied to study mucormycoses, and discusses the advantages and limitations of the different model systems.
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22
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Wijayawardene NN, Pawłowska J, Letcher PM, Kirk PM, Humber RA, Schüßler A, Wrzosek M, Muszewska A, Okrasińska A, Istel Ł, Gęsiorska A, Mungai P, Lateef AA, Rajeshkumar KC, Singh RV, Radek R, Walther G, Wagner L, Walker C, Wijesundara DSA, Papizadeh M, Dolatabadi S, Shenoy BD, Tokarev YS, Lumyong S, Hyde KD. Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota). FUNGAL DIVERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-018-0409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Žukovskaja O, Kloß S, Blango MG, Ryabchykov O, Kniemeyer O, Brakhage AA, Bocklitz TW, Cialla-May D, Weber K, Popp J. UV-Raman Spectroscopic Identification of Fungal Spores Important for Respiratory Diseases. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8912-8918. [PMID: 29956919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fungal spores are one of several environmental factors responsible for causing respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and aspergillosis. These spores also are able to trigger exacerbations during chronic forms of disease. Different fungal spores may contain different allergens and mycotoxins, therefore the health hazards are varying between the species. Thus, it is highly important quickly to identify the composition of fungal spores in the air. In this study, UV-Raman spectroscopy with an excitation wavelength of 244 nm was applied to investigate eight different fungal species implicated in respiratory diseases worldwide. Here, we demonstrate that darkly colored spores can be directly examined, and UV-Raman spectroscopy provides the information sufficient for classifying fungal spores. Classification models on the genus, species, and strain levels were built using a combination of principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis followed by evaluation with leave-one-batch-out-cross-validation. At the genus level an accuracy of 97.5% was achieved, whereas on the species level four different Aspergillus species were classified with 100% accuracy. Finally, classifying three strains of Aspergillus fumigatus an accuracy of 89.4% was reached. These results demonstrate that UV-Raman spectroscopy in combination with innovative chemometrics allows for fast identification of fungal spores and can be a potential alternative to currently used time-consuming cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Žukovskaja
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07745 Jena , Germany.,Research Campus Infectognostic , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena-Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies" , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Sandra Kloß
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Matthew G Blango
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology , Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI) , Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Oleg Ryabchykov
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07745 Jena , Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena-Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies" , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Olaf Kniemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology , Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI) , Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Axel A Brakhage
- Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology , Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI) , Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 23 , 07745 Jena , Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology , Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Neugasse 25 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Thomas W Bocklitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07745 Jena , Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena-Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies" , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07745 Jena , Germany.,Research Campus Infectognostic , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena-Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies" , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Karina Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07745 Jena , Germany.,Research Campus Infectognostic , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena-Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies" , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07745 Jena , Germany.,Research Campus Infectognostic , Philosophenweg 7 , 07743 Jena , Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena-Member of the Research Alliance "Leibniz Health Technologies" , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
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24
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Geng C, Lv X, Li J, Jiang Q, Yang R, Zhan P. Chronic subcutaneous infection due to
Lichtheimia ramosa. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33:e26-e29. [PMID: 29911306 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Geng
- Jiangxi Dermatology Hospital and Jiangxi Dermatology Institute Nanchang China
| | - X. Lv
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - J. Li
- Jiangxi Dermatology Hospital and Jiangxi Dermatology Institute Nanchang China
| | - Q. Jiang
- Jiangxi Dermatology Hospital and Jiangxi Dermatology Institute Nanchang China
| | - R. Yang
- General Hospital of Beijing Military Command PLA Beijing China
| | - P. Zhan
- Jiangxi Dermatology Hospital and Jiangxi Dermatology Institute Nanchang China
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25
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Schulze B, Rambach G, Schwartze VU, Voigt K, Schubert K, Speth C, Jacobsen ID. Ketoacidosis alone does not predispose to mucormycosis by Lichtheimia in a murine pulmonary infection model. Virulence 2017; 8:1657-1667. [PMID: 28750194 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1360460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection; however, the number of cases increased during the last decades. The main risk factors are immunosuppression and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Although Lichtheimia species represent a common cause of mucormycosis in Europe, virulence and pathogenesis of this genus has not been investigated in detail yet. Using murine pulmonary infection models, we found that immunosuppression is essential for establishment of infection. The disease was characterized by necrosis, angioinvasion, thrombosis, and the lethal course of infection was associated with systemic activation of platelets. Furthermore, dissemination to internal organs was frequently observed. While the virulence potential of individual L. corymbifera and L. ramosa isolates differed, pathogenicity of both species was comparable. Although ketoacidosis promoted Rhizopus infection in mice, it did not predispose mice to infection with Lichtheimia in the absence of additional immunosuppression. This might partially explain the dominance of Rhizopus as cause of mucormycosis in countries with high prevalence of ketoacidotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schulze
- a Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , Jena , Germany
| | - Günter Rambach
- b Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology , Medical University of Innsbruck , Austria.,c Christian Doppler Laboratory for Invasive Fungal Infections , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Volker U Schwartze
- d Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , Jena , Germany.,e Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- d Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , Jena , Germany.,e Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
| | - Katja Schubert
- a Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , Jena , Germany
| | - Cornelia Speth
- b Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology , Medical University of Innsbruck , Austria.,c Christian Doppler Laboratory for Invasive Fungal Infections , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- a Research Group Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI) , Jena , Germany.,e Friedrich Schiller University , Jena , Germany
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26
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Kaerger K, Schwartze VU, Dolatabadi S, Nyilasi I, Kovács SA, Binder U, Papp T, Hoog SD, Jacobsen ID, Voigt K. Adaptation to thermotolerance in Rhizopus coincides with virulence as revealed by avian and invertebrate infection models, phylogeny, physiological and metabolic flexibility. Virulence 2016; 6:395-403. [PMID: 26065324 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1029219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycoses are fungal infections caused by the ancient Mucorales. They are rare, but increasingly reported. Predisposing conditions supporting and favoring mucormycoses in humans and animals include diabetic ketoacidosis, immunosuppression and haematological malignancies. However, comprehensive surveys to elucidate fungal virulence in ancient fungi are limited and so far focused on Lichtheimia and Mucor. The presented study focused on one of the most important causative agent of mucormycoses, the genus Rhizopus (Rhizopodaceae). All known clinically-relevant species are thermotolerant and are monophyletic. They are more virulent compared to non-clinically, mesophilic species. Although adaptation to elevated temperatures correlated with the virulence of the species, mesophilic strains showed also lower virulence in Galleria mellonella incubated at permissive temperatures indicating the existence of additional factors involved in the pathogenesis of clinical Rhizopus species. However, neither specific adaptation to nutritional requirements nor stress resistance correlated with virulence, supporting the idea that Mucorales are predominantly saprotrophs without a specific adaptation to warm blooded hosts.
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27
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Chibucos MC, Etienne KA, Orvis J, Lee H, Daugherty S, Lockhart SR, Ibrahim AS, Bruno VM. The genome sequence of four isolates from the family Lichtheimiaceae. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv024. [PMID: 25857734 PMCID: PMC4467520 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the release of draft genome sequences of two isolates of Lichtheimia corymbifera and two isolates of L. ramosa. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the two L. corymbifera strains (CDC-B2541 and 008-049) are closely related to the previously sequenced L. corymbifera isolate (FSU 9682) while our two L. ramosa strains CDC-B5399 and CDC-B5792 cluster apart from them. These genome sequences will further the understanding of intraspecies and interspecies genetic variation within the Mucoraceae family of pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus C Chibucos
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kizee A Etienne
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Joshua Orvis
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hongkyu Lee
- The Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Sean Daugherty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Shawn R Lockhart
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Ashraf S Ibrahim
- The Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Vincent M Bruno
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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28
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Schwartze VU, Santiago ALCMDA, Jacobsen ID, Voigt K. The pathogenic potential of the Lichtheimia genus revisited: Lichtheimia brasiliensis is a novel, non-pathogenic species. Mycoses 2014; 57 Suppl 3:128-31. [PMID: 25267009 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lichtheimia brasiliensis was recently described as a novel species within the genus Lichtheimia, which comprises a total of six species. L. brasiliensis was first reported from soil in Brazil. The aim of the study was to determine the relative virulence potential of L. brasiliensis using an avian infection model based on chicken embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker U Schwartze
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Institute of Microbiology, Department Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Microbial Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
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29
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Park HR, Voigt K. Interaction of Zygomycetes with innate immune cells reconsidered with respect to ecology, morphology, evolution and infection biology: a mini-review. Mycoses 2014; 57 Suppl 3:31-9. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hea-Reung Park
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute; Jena Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy; Department Microbiology and Molecular Biology; Institute of Microbiology; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute; Jena Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy; Department Microbiology and Molecular Biology; Institute of Microbiology; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena Germany
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30
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Linde J, Schwartze V, Binder U, Lass-Flörl C, Voigt K, Horn F. De Novo Whole-Genome Sequence and Genome Annotation of Lichtheimia ramosa. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:e00888-14. [PMID: 25212617 PMCID: PMC4161746 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00888-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the annotated draft genome sequence of Lichtheimia ramosa (JMRC FSU:6197). It has been reported to be a causative organism of mucormycosis, a rare but rapidly progressive infection in immunocompromised humans. The functionally annotated genomic sequence consists of 74 scaffolds with a total number of 11,510 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Linde
- Systems Biology/Bioinformatics, Hans-Knöll-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Schwartze
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Hans-Knöll-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Binder
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kerstin Voigt
- Jena Microbial Resource Collection, Hans-Knöll-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - Fabian Horn
- Systems Biology/Bioinformatics, Hans-Knöll-Institut, Jena, Germany
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31
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Schwartze VU, Jacobsen ID. Mucormycoses caused by Lichtheimia species. Mycoses 2014; 57 Suppl 3:73-8. [PMID: 25186921 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mucormycoses are life-threatening infections with fungi from the order Mucorales (Mucoromycotina). Although mucormycoses are uncommon compared to other fungal infections, e.g. aspergillosis and candidiasis, the number of cases is increasing especially in immunocompromised patients. Lichtheimia (formerly Absidia) species represent the second to third most common cause of mucormycoses in Europe. This mini review presents current knowledge about taxonomy and clinical relevance of Lichtheimia species. In addition, clinical presentation and risk factors will be discussed. Proper animal infection models are essential for the understanding of the pathogenesis and the identification of virulence factors of fungal pathogens. To date, several animal models have been used to study Lichtheimia infection. A brief overview of the different models and the main conclusions from the infection experiments is summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker U Schwartze
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
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Kraibooj K, Park HR, Dahse HM, Skerka C, Voigt K, Figge MT. Virulent strain of Lichtheimia corymbifera shows increased phagocytosis by macrophages as revealed by automated microscopy image analysis. Mycoses 2014; 57 Suppl 3:56-66. [PMID: 25179042 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lichtheimia corymbifera is a ubiquitous soilborne zygomycete fungus, which is an opportunistic human pathogen in immunocompromised patients. The fungus can cause life-threatening diseases by attacking the lung during early stages of invasion and by disseminating during later phases causing systemic infection. Since infections have drastically increased during the last decades, it is a major goal to investigate the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity of L. corymbifera. One of the first barriers, which the fungus needs to cope with in the lung tissue, is phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. Here, we report on phagocytosis assays for murine alveolar macrophages co-incubated with resting, swollen and opsonised spores of a virulent and an attenuated L. corymbifera strain. A major finding of this study is the significantly increased phagocytosis ratio of the virulent strain if compared to the attenuated strain. We quantify the phagocytosis by performing automated analysis of fluorescence microscopy images and by computing ratios for (i) fungal phagocytosis, (ii) fungal adhesion to phagocytes and (iii) fungal aggregation and spore cluster distribution in space. Automation of the image analysis yields objective results that overcome the disadvantages of manual analyses being time consuming, error-prone and subjective. Therefore, it can be expected that automated image analysis of confrontation assays will play a crucial role in future investigations of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaswara Kraibooj
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Schwartze VU, Winter S, Shelest E, Marcet-Houben M, Horn F, Wehner S, Linde J, Valiante V, Sammeth M, Riege K, Nowrousian M, Kaerger K, Jacobsen ID, Marz M, Brakhage AA, Gabaldón T, Böcker S, Voigt K. Gene expansion shapes genome architecture in the human pathogen Lichtheimia corymbifera: an evolutionary genomics analysis in the ancient terrestrial mucorales (Mucoromycotina). PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004496. [PMID: 25121733 PMCID: PMC4133162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichtheimia species are the second most important cause of mucormycosis in Europe. To provide broader insights into the molecular basis of the pathogenicity-associated traits of the basal Mucorales, we report the full genome sequence of L. corymbifera and compared it to the genome of Rhizopus oryzae, the most common cause of mucormycosis worldwide. The genome assembly encompasses 33.6 MB and 12,379 protein-coding genes. This study reveals four major differences of the L. corymbifera genome to R. oryzae: (i) the presence of an highly elevated number of gene duplications which are unlike R. oryzae not due to whole genome duplication (WGD), (ii) despite the relatively high incidence of introns, alternative splicing (AS) is not frequently observed for the generation of paralogs and in response to stress, (iii) the content of repetitive elements is strikingly low (<5%), (iv) L. corymbifera is typically haploid. Novel virulence factors were identified which may be involved in the regulation of the adaptation to iron-limitation, e.g. LCor01340.1 encoding a putative siderophore transporter and LCor00410.1 involved in the siderophore metabolism. Genes encoding the transcription factors LCor08192.1 and LCor01236.1, which are similar to GATA type regulators and to calcineurin regulated CRZ1, respectively, indicating an involvement of the calcineurin pathway in the adaption to iron limitation. Genes encoding MADS-box transcription factors are elevated up to 11 copies compared to the 1-4 copies usually found in other fungi. More findings are: (i) lower content of tRNAs, but unique codons in L. corymbifera, (ii) Over 25% of the proteins are apparently specific for L. corymbifera. (iii) L. corymbifera contains only 2/3 of the proteases (known to be essential virulence factors) in comparison to R. oryzae. On the other hand, the number of secreted proteases, however, is roughly twice as high as in R. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker U. Schwartze
- University of Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha Winter
- University of Jena, Department of Bioinformatics, Jena, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Shelest
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Systems Biology/Bioinformatics, Jena, Germany
| | - Marina Marcet-Houben
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian Horn
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Systems Biology/Bioinformatics, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wehner
- University of Jena, Department of Bioinformatics, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Linde
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Systems Biology/Bioinformatics, Jena, Germany
| | - Vito Valiante
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Sammeth
- Centre Nacional d'Anàlisi Genòmica (CNAG), Functional Bioinformatics, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica (LNCC), Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Minou Nowrousian
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of General and Molecular Botany, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kaerger
- University of Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D. Jacobsen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Department of Microbial Immunology, Jena, Germany
| | - Manja Marz
- University of Jena, Department of Bioinformatics, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel A. Brakhage
- University of Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kerstin Voigt
- University of Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
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Binder U, Maurer E, Lass-Flörl C. Mucormycosis – from the pathogens to the disease. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 Suppl 6:60-6. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: a fundamental shift in the routine practice of clinical microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 26:547-603. [PMID: 23824373 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00072-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the past decade, clinical microbiology laboratories experienced revolutionary changes in the way in which microorganisms are identified, moving away from slow, traditional microbial identification algorithms toward rapid molecular methods and mass spectrometry (MS). Historically, MS was clinically utilized as a high-complexity method adapted for protein-centered analysis of samples in chemistry and hematology laboratories. Today, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS is adapted for use in microbiology laboratories, where it serves as a paradigm-shifting, rapid, and robust method for accurate microbial identification. Multiple instrument platforms, marketed by well-established manufacturers, are beginning to displace automated phenotypic identification instruments and in some cases genetic sequence-based identification practices. This review summarizes the current position of MALDI-TOF MS in clinical research and in diagnostic clinical microbiology laboratories and serves as a primer to examine the "nuts and bolts" of MALDI-TOF MS, highlighting research associated with sample preparation, spectral analysis, and accuracy. Currently available MALDI-TOF MS hardware and software platforms that support the use of MALDI-TOF with direct and precultured specimens and integration of the technology into the laboratory workflow are also discussed. Finally, this review closes with a prospective view of the future of MALDI-TOF MS in the clinical microbiology laboratory to accelerate diagnosis and microbial identification to improve patient care.
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Isolation, identification and characterization of a novel high level β-glucosidase-producing Lichtheimia ramosa strain. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Stevenson LA, Alford RA, Bell SC, Roznik EA, Berger L, Pike DA. Variation in thermal performance of a widespread pathogen, the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73830. [PMID: 24023908 PMCID: PMC3762749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of growth and reproduction of the pathogens that cause emerging infectious diseases can be affected by local environmental conditions; these conditions can thus influence the strength and nature of disease outbreaks. An understanding of these relationships is important for understanding disease ecology and developing mitigation strategies. Widespread emergence of the fungal disease chytridiomycosis has had devastating effects on amphibian populations. The causative pathogen, Batrachochytriumdendrobatidis (Bd), is sensitive to temperature, but its thermal tolerances are not well studied. We examined the thermal responses of three Bd isolates collected across a latitudinal gradient in eastern Australia. Temperature affected all aspects of Bd growth and reproduction that we measured, in ways that often differed among Bd isolates. Aspects of growth, reproduction, and their relationships to temperature that differed among isolates included upper thermal maxima for growth (26, 27, or 28 °C, depending on the isolate), relationships between zoospore production and temperature, and zoospore activity and temperature. Two isolates decreased zoospore production as temperature increased, whereas the third isolate was less fecund overall, but did not show a strong response to temperature until reaching the upper limit of its thermal tolerance. Our results show differentiation in life-history traits among isolates within Australia, suggesting that the pathogen may exhibit local adaptation. An understanding of how environmental temperatures can limit pathogens by constraining fitness will enhance our ability to assess pathogen dynamics in the field, model pathogen spread, and conduct realistic experiments on host susceptibility and disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Stevenson
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross A. Alford
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara C. Bell
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Roznik
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lee Berger
- School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A. Pike
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole in intratracheal models of murine mucormycosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:3340-7. [PMID: 23650163 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00313-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection almost uniformly affecting diabetics in ketoacidosis or other forms of acidosis and/or immunocompromised patients. Inhalation of Mucorales spores provides the most common natural route of entry into the host. In this study, we developed an intratracheal instillation model of pulmonary mucormycosis that hematogenously disseminates into other organs using diabetic ketoacidotic (DKA) or cyclophosphamide-cortisone acetate-treated mice. Various degrees of lethality were achieved for the DKA or cyclophosphamide-cortisone acetate-treated mice when infected with different clinical isolates of Mucorales. In both DKA and cyclophosphamide-cortisone acetate models, liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) or posaconazole (POS) treatments were effective in improving survival, reducing lungs and brain fungal burdens, and histologically resolving the infection compared with placebo. These models can be used to study mechanisms of infection, develop immunotherapeutic strategies, and evaluate drug efficacies against life-threatening Mucorales infections.
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