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Hegazy EM, Taieb MAE, Hassan MH, Ibrahim AK, El-Din EA, Ibrahim HM. Plexin B2 tissue expression and related gene polymorphisms in psoriasis and their relation to NB-UVB and Acitretin therapy. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:162. [PMID: 38734848 PMCID: PMC11088544 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated, hyperproliferative skin disease. Etiopathogenesis of psoriasis is not well understood. Plexin B2 was found to have effects on CD100-mediated T-cell morphology and expressed in the immune system. It may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. To assess the tissue level of plexin-B2 and plexin B2 related gene polymorphism which is signal regulatory protein gamma (SIRPγ-rs71212732) in psoriatic patients before and after NB-UVB, acitretin therapy alone or in combination and to detect correlation between level of tissue plexin B2 and disease severity and improvement. This single blinded randomized controlled trial was carried on 50 psoriatic patients and 50 healthy controls. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score (PASI) was used to evaluate the disease severity. Tissue plexin-b2 level was measured using ELISA and SIRPγ-rs71212732 (T\C) was assessed using TaqMan™ assays and real-time PCR. A significant lower tissue plexin-B2 level was observed in control group (2.9 ± 0.6 pg/g) than cases (25.8 ± 2.8, pg/g) (p < 0.001). Also, a significantly higher tissue plexin-B2 level was observed in sever psoriasis (32.7 ± 3.8 pg/ml) in than moderate psoriasis (13.6 ± 2.1 pg/ml, p = 0.001). Tissue plexin B2 was positively correlated with diseases severity. Significantly higher (TC& TT) genotypes and mutant (C) allele among patients compared to the controls, p < 0.001 for all. Tissue plexin-b2 level was high in psoriasis vulgaris with positive correlation with disease severity and decreased after treatment. This may indicate a role of plexin-b2 in psoriasis vulgaris pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisa Mohamed Hegazy
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa A El Taieb
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Hassan
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Ibrahim
- Community Medicine Department, Asuit University, Asuit, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal A El-Din
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hassan M Ibrahim
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Ricco C, Eldaboush A, Liu ML, Werth VP. Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis, Clinical Characterization, and Management of Dermatomyositis: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1967. [PMID: 38396646 PMCID: PMC10889219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer particles secreted from cells that primarily assist in cell-to-cell communication through the content of their cargo, such as proteins and RNA. EVs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, including dermatomyositis (DM), an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by distinct cutaneous manifestations, myopathy, and lung disease. We sought to review the role of EVs in DM and understand how they contribute to the pathogenesis and clinical characterization of the disease. We summarized the research progress on EVs in dermatomyositis based on recent publications. EV cargoes, such as double-stranded DNA, microRNA, and proteins, contribute to DM pathogenesis and mediate the proinflammatory response and cytokine release through signaling pathways such as the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. These nucleic acids and proteins have been proposed as disease-specific, stable biomarkers to monitor disease activity and responses to therapy. They also correlate with clinical parameters, inflammatory markers, and disease severity scores. Furthermore, some markers show an association with morbidities of DM, such as muscle weakness and interstitial lung disease. The continued study of EVs will help us to further elucidate our understanding of dermatomyositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ricco
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.R.); (A.E.); (M.-L.L.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ahmed Eldaboush
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.R.); (A.E.); (M.-L.L.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ming-Lin Liu
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.R.); (A.E.); (M.-L.L.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Victoria P. Werth
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.R.); (A.E.); (M.-L.L.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Asadi G, Feizollahi P, Rajabinejad M, Falahi S, Rezaei Varmaziar F, Faryadi E, Gorgin Karaji A, Salari F, Rezaiemanesh A. Comparison of the efficacy of combined budesonide and fexofenadine versus combined fluticasone propionate and fexofenadine on the expression of class-4 semaphorins and their receptors in the peripheral blood cells of patients with allergic rhinitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22924. [PMID: 38148815 PMCID: PMC10750067 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated disease. This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression levels of class 4 semaphorins and their receptors in AR patients before and after treatment with budesonide and fexofenadine (B/F) compared to fluticasone propionate and fexofenadine (FP/F). Methods In this study, 29 AR patients (age 34.4 ± 1.2 years, 18 men and 11 women) were treated with B/F, and 24 AR patients (age 32.8 ± 1.9 years, 15 men and 9 women) were treated with FP/F for one month. Before and after treatment, peripheral blood samples were taken from patients. The expression levels of SEMA4A, SEMA4C, SEMA4D, Plexin-B2, and Plexin-D1 genes were measured using the qPCR method. In addition, the serum levels of IgE were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The expression levels of SEMA4A (P = 0.011), 4C (P = 0.017), Plexin-B2 (P = 0.0005), and Plexin-D1 (P = 0.008) remarkably increased in AR patients treated with B/F. Our results show a significant reduction in the gene expression levels of SEMA4A (P = 0.002), 4C (P = 0.014), 4D (P = 0.003), Plexin-B2 (P = 0.033), and Plexin-D1 (P = 0.035) after treatment with FP/F. The serum levels of IgE increased in FP/F treated group (P = 0.017) and conversely decreased in the treated group with B/F (P = 0.019). Moreover, the percentages of eosinophils were reduced in both FP/F and B/F groups (P = 0.015 and P = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, concomitant use of fexofenadine and fluticasone propionate reduced SEMA4A, 4C, 4D, Plexin-B2, and Plexin-D1, while the SEMA4A, 4C, Plexin-B2, and Plexin-D1 gene expression levels were increased in the patient group treated with B/F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelayol Asadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Feizollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Misagh Rajabinejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sara Falahi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei Varmaziar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Faryadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Naito M, Kumanogoh A. The role of semaphorins in allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2024; 73:31-39. [PMID: 37635021 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins were originally identified as guidance molecules in neural development. However, accumulating evidence indicates that 'immune semaphorins' are critically involved in regulating immune cell activation, differentiation, mobility and migration. Semaphorins are also intimately associated with the pathogenesis of allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Interestingly, reflecting their function in positive or negative regulation of immune cells, levels of some semaphorins are increased while others are decreased in patients with allergic diseases. This review presents the pathogenic functions of immune semaphorins in allergic inflammation and discusses the potential use of these molecules as therapeutic targets for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases for Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development - Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS (CAMaD), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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5
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Thomas R, Yang X. Semaphorins in immune cell function, inflammatory and infectious diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:100060. [PMID: 37645659 PMCID: PMC10461194 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Semaphorin family is a group of proteins studied broadly for their functions in nervous systems. They consist of eight subfamilies ubiquitously expressed in vertebrates, invertebrates, and viruses and exist in membrane-bound or secreted forms. Emerging evidence indicates the relevance of semaphorins outside the nervous system, including angiogenesis, cardiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, tumour progression, and, more recently, the immune system. This review provides a broad overview of current knowledge on the role of semaphorins in the immune system, particularly its involvement in inflammatory and infectious diseases, including chlamydial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Thomas
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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6
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Lopes AP, Hillen MR, Hinrichs AC, Blokland SLM, Bekker CPJ, Pandit A, Kruize AA, Radstake TRDJ, van Roon JA. Deciphering the role of cDC2s in Sjögren's syndrome: transcriptomic profile links altered antigen processes with IFN signature and autoimmunity. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:374-383. [PMID: 36171070 PMCID: PMC9933176 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-222728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC2s) are key orchestrators of inflammatory responses, linking innate and adaptative immunity. Here we explored the regulation of immunological pathways in cDC2s from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS RNA sequencing of circulating cDC2s from patients with pSS, patients with non-Sjögren's sicca and healthy controls (HCs) was exploited to establish transcriptional signatures. Phenotypical and functional validation was performed in independent cohorts. RESULTS Transcriptome of cDC2s from patients with pSS revealed alterations in type I interferon (IFN), toll-like receptor (TLR), antigen processing and presentation pathways. Phenotypical validation showed increased CX3CR1 expression and decreased integrin beta-2 and plexin-B2 on pSS cDC2s. Functional validation confirmed impaired capacity of pSS cDC2s to degrade antigens and increased antigen uptake, including self-antigens derived from salivary gland epithelial cells. These changes in antigen uptake and degradation were linked to anti-SSA/Ro (SSA) autoantibodies and the presence of type I IFNs. In line with this, in vitro IFN-α priming enhanced the uptake of antigens by HC cDC2s, reflecting the pSS cDC2 profile. Finally, pSS cDC2s compared with HC cDC2s increased the proliferation and the expression of CXCR3 and CXCR5 on proliferating CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS pSS cDC2s are transcriptionally altered, and the aberrant antigen uptake and processing, including (auto-)antigens, together with increased proliferation of tissue-homing CD4+ T cells, suggest altered antigen presentation by pSS cDC2s. These functional alterations were strongly linked to anti-SSA positivity and the presence of type I IFNs. Thus, we demonstrate novel molecular and functional pieces of evidence for the role of cDC2s in orchestrating immune response in pSS, which may yield novel avenues for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Lopes
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Hillen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anneline C Hinrichs
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie LM Blokland
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis PJ Bekker
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aridaman Pandit
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aike A Kruize
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy RDJ Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joel A van Roon
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands .,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Thomas R, Wang S, Rashu R, Peng Y, Gounni AS, Yang X. Exogenous Semaphorin 3E treatment protects against chlamydial lung infection in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:882412. [PMID: 35983029 PMCID: PMC9379098 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reported that semaphorins play a significant role in various settings of the immune response. In particular, Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E), a secreted semaphorin protein, is involved in cell proliferation, migration, inflammatory responses, and host defence against infections. However, the therapeutic function of Sema3E in bacterial infection has not been investigated. Our data showed that exogenous Sema3E treatment protects mice from chlamydial infection with lower bacterial burden, reduced body weight loss, and pathological lung changes. Cytokine analysis in the lung and spleen revealed that Sema3E-Fc treated mice, compared to saline-Fc treated mice, showed enhanced production of IFN-γ and IL-17 but reduced IL-4 and IL-10 production. Cellular analysis showed that Sema3E treatment leads to enhanced Th1/Th17 response but reduced Treg response in lungs following chlamydial infection. Moreover, Sema3E treatment also enhanced the recruitment of pulmonary dendritic cells, which express higher co-stimulatory but lower inhibitory surface molecules. The data demonstrate that Sema3E plays a vital role in protective immunity against chlamydial lung infection, mainly through coordinating functions of T cells and DCs.
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Schurz H, Glanzmann B, Bowker N, van Toorn R, Solomons R, Schoeman J, van Helden PD, Kinnear CJ, Hoal EG, Möller M. Deciphering Genetic Susceptibility to Tuberculous Meningitis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:820168. [PMID: 35401413 PMCID: PMC8993185 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.820168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) that arises when a caseating meningeal granuloma discharges its contents into the subarachnoid space. It accounts for ~1% of all disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the age of peak incidence is from 2-4 years. The exact pathogenesis of TBM is still not fully understood and the mechanism(s) by which the bacilli initially invade the blood-brain-barrier are still to be elucidated. This study investigated the involvement of the host genome in TBM susceptibility, by considering common variants (minor allele frequency (MAF) >5%) using microarray genotyping and rare variants (MAF <1%) via exome sequencing. A total of 123 TBM cases, 400 pulmonary TB (pTB) cases and 477 healthy controls were genotyped on the MEGA array. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) comparing 114 TBM cases to 395 healthy controls showed no association with TBM susceptibility. A second analysis comparing 114 TBM cases to 382 pTB cases was conducted to investigate variants associated with different TB phenotypes. No significant associations were found with progression from pTB to TBM. Ten TBM cases and 10 healthy controls were exome sequenced. Gene set association tests SKAT-O and SKAT Common Rare were used to assess the association of rare SNPs and the cumulative effect of both common and rare SNPs with susceptibility to TBM, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of the top-hits of the SKAT-O analysis showed that NOD2 and CYP4F2 are both important in TBM pathogenesis and highlighted these as targets for future study. For the SKAT Common Rare analysis Centriolar Coiled-Coil Protein 110 (CCP110) was nominally associated (p = 5.89x10-6) with TBM susceptibility. In addition, several top-hit genes ascribed to the development of the central nervous system (CNS) and innate immune system regulation were identified. Exome sequencing and GWAS of our TBM cohort has identified a single previously undescribed association of CCP110 with TBM susceptibility. These results advance our understanding of TBM in terms of both variants and genes that influence susceptibility. In addition, several candidate genes involved in innate immunity have been identified for further genotypic and functional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Schurz
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brigitte Glanzmann
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Genomics Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Bowker
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ronald van Toorn
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Regan Solomons
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Johan Schoeman
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Paul D. van Helden
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Craig J. Kinnear
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Genomics Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eileen G. Hoal
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlo Möller
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Marlo Möller
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Uto K, Ueda K, Okano T, Akashi K, Takahashi S, Nakamachi Y, Imanishi T, Awano H, Morinobu A, Kawano S, Saegusa J. Identification of Plexin D1 on circulating extracellular vesicles as a potential biomarker of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:1669-1679. [PMID: 34297034 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify disease-specific surface proteins on extracellular vesicles (EVs) as novel serum biomarkers of polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM). METHODS We performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) on purified EVs from sera of 10 PM/DM, 23 patients with other autoimmune diseases and 10 healthy controls (HC). We identified membrane proteins preferentially present in EVs of PM/DM patients by bioinformatics and biostatistical analyses. We developed EV sandwich ELISA for directly detecting serum EVs expressing disease-specific membrane proteins and evaluated their clinical utility using sera of 54 PM/DM, 24 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 20 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 13 systemic sclerosis, 25 Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) patients, and 36 HC. RESULTS LC/MS analysis identified 1,220 proteins in serum EVs. Of these, Plexin D1 was enriched in those from PM/DM patients relative to HC or patients without PM/DM. Using a specific EV sandwich ELISA, we found that levels of Plexin D1-positive EVs (Plexin D1+ EVs) in serum were significantly greater in PM/DM patients than in HC, RA or SLE, or DMD/BMD patients. Serum levels of Plexin D1+ EVs were greater in those PM/DM patients with muscle pain or weakness. Serum levels of Plexin D1+ EVs were significantly correlated with levels of aldolase (rs=0.481), white blood cells (rs=0.381), neutrophils (rs=0.450), and platelets (rs=0.408) in PM/DM patients. Finally, serum levels of Plexin D1+ EVs decreased significantly in patients with PM/DM in clinical remission after treatment. CONCLUSION We have identified levels of circulating Plexin D1+ EVs as a novel serum biomarker for PM/DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Uto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Project for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaichi Okano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kengo Akashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Nakamachi
- Administration Department, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Imanishi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Awano
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawano
- Integrated Clinical Education Center, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Saegusa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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10
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Movassagh H, Shan L, Koussih L, Alamri A, Ariaee N, Kung SKP, Gounni AS. Semaphorin 3E deficiency dysregulates dendritic cell functions: In vitro and in vivo evidence. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252868. [PMID: 34185781 PMCID: PMC8241044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of dendritic cell functions is a complex process in which several mediators play diverse roles as a network in a context-dependent manner. The precise mechanisms underlying dendritic cell functions have remained to be addressed. Semaphorins play crucial roles in regulation of various cell functions. We previously revealed that Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) contributes to regulation of allergen-induced airway pathology partly mediated by controlling recruitment of conventional dendritic cell subsets in vivo, though the underlying mechanism remained elusive. In this study, we investigate the potential regulatory role of Sema3E in dendritic cells. We demonstrated that bone marrow-derived dendritic cells differentiated from Sema3e-/- progenitors have an enhanced migration capacity both at the baseline and in response to CCL21. The enhanced migration ability of Sema3E dendritic cells was associated with an overexpression of the chemokine receptor (CCR7), elevated Rac1 GTPase activity and F-actin polymerization. Using a mouse model of allergic airway sensitization, we observed that genetic deletion of Sema3E leads to a time dependent upregulation of CCR7 on CD11b+ conventional dendritic cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Furthermore, aeroallergen sensitization of Sema3e-/- mice lead to an enhanced expression of PD-L2 and IRF-4 as well as enhanced allergen uptake in pulmonary CD11b+ DC, compared to wild type littermates. Collectively, these data suggest that Sema3E implicates in regulation of dendritic cell functions which could be considered a basis for novel immunotherapeutic strategies for the diseases associated with defective dendritic cells in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Movassagh
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Latifa Koussih
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department des Sciences Experimentales, Universite de Saint-Boniface, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nazila Ariaee
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sam K. P. Kung
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S. Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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11
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Kanth SM, Gairhe S, Torabi-Parizi P. The Role of Semaphorins and Their Receptors in Innate Immune Responses and Clinical Diseases of Acute Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:672441. [PMID: 34012455 PMCID: PMC8126651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.672441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins are a group of proteins that have been studied extensively for their critical function in neuronal development. They have been shown to regulate airway development, tumorigenesis, autoimmune diseases, and the adaptive immune response. Notably, emerging literature describes the role of immunoregulatory semaphorins and their receptors, plexins and neuropilins, as modulators of innate immunity and diseases defined by acute injury to the kidneys, abdomen, heart and lungs. In this review we discuss the pathogenic functions of semaphorins in clinical conditions of acute inflammation, including sepsis and acute lung injury, with a focus on regulation of the innate immune response as well as potential future therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya M Kanth
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Salina Gairhe
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Parizad Torabi-Parizi
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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12
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Abstract
Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) is a classic member of the semaphorin family involved in axonal guidance processes. The key effects of Sema4D in neurons are mediated by high affinity plexin receptors and are associated with cytoskeleton rearrangement, leading to growth cone collapse or regulation of cell migration. Along with this, the semaphorin is widely represented in the immune system and has a pronounced immunoregulatory activity. The involvement of Sema4D in the control of immune cell migration was shown almost twenty years ago, in one of the first studies of semaphorin. The emergence of such work was quite predictable, since the most well-known effects of Sema4D outside the immune system were associated precisely with the control of cell motility. However, after identification of CD72 as a specific Sema4D receptor in the immune system, studies of the immunoregulatory activity of semaphorin focused on its CD72-dependent effects unrelated to cytoskeleton rearrangement, and this trend continues up to now. Nevertheless, a number of recent studies demonstrating the presence of plexin receptors for Sema4D in the immune system forces us to return to the question of whether this semaphorin can play its classic role of a guidance molecule in relation to immune cells too. The review discusses Sema4D involvement in the control of immune cell migration, as well as the mechanisms of these effects and their potential contribution to the development and function of immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kuklina
- Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
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13
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Lin L, Wang Y, Bian S, Sun L, Guo Z, Kong D, Zhao L, Guo D, Li Q, Wu M, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li Y. A circular RNA derived from PLXNB2 as a valuable predictor of the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. J Transl Med 2021; 19:123. [PMID: 33757550 PMCID: PMC7988933 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a common haematological malignancy, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), particularly with extramedullary infiltration (EMI), often results in a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate biological and pathogenic processes, suggesting a potential role in AML. We have previously described the overall alterations in circRNAs and their regulatory networks between patients with AML presenting with and without EMI. This study aims to find new prognostic and therapeutic targets potentially associated with AML. METHODS qRT-PCR was performed on samples from 40 patients with AML and 15 healthy controls. The possibility of using circPLXNB2 (circRNA derived from PLXNB2) as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for AML was analysed with multiple statistical methods. In vitro, the function of circPLXNB2 was studied by lentivirus transfection, CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry, and Transwell experiments. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were performed to detect the expression of related proteins and genes. The distribution of circPLXNB2 in cells was observed using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH). We also investigated the role of circPLXNB2 by establishing AML xenograft models in NOD/SCID mice. RESULTS By analysing the results of qRT-PCR detection of clinical samples, the expression of the circPLXNB2 and PLXNB2 mRNAs were significantly increased in patients with AML, more specifically in patients with AML presenting with EMI. High circPLXNB2 expression was associated with an obviously shorter overall survival and leukaemia-free survival of patients with AML. The circPLXNB2 expression was positively correlated with PLXNB2 mRNA expression, as evidenced by Pearson's correlation analysis. RNA-FISH revealed that circPLXNB2 is mainly located in the nucleus. In vitro and in vivo, circPLXNB2 promoted cell proliferation and migration and inhibited apoptosis. Notably, circPLXNB2 also increased the expression of PLXNB2, BCL2 and cyclin D1, and reduced the expression of BAX. CONCLUSION In summary, we validated the high expression of circPLXNB2 and PLXNB2 in patients with AML. Elevated circPLXNB2 levels were associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with AML. Importantly, circPLXNB2 accelerated tumour growth and progression, possibly by regulating PLXNB2 expression. Our study highlights the potential of circPLXNB2 as a new prognostic predictor and therapeutic target for AML in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Sicheng Bian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhibo Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 37 Yiyuan Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuhuang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin, 150001, China.
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14
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Thomas R, Wang S, Shekhar S, Peng Y, Qiao S, Zhang C, Shan L, Movassagh H, Gounni AS, Yang J, Yang X. Semaphorin 3E Protects against Chlamydial Infection by Modulating Dendritic Cell Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1251-1265. [PMID: 33504621 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) as a novel mediator of immune responses. However, its function in immunity to infection has yet to be investigated. Using a mouse model of chlamydial lung infection, we show that Sema3E plays a significant role in the host immune response to the infection. We found that Sema3E is induced in the lung after chlamydial infection, and Sema3E deficiency has a detrimental impact on disease course, dendritic cell (DC) function, and T cell responses. Specifically, we found that Sema3E knockout (KO) mice exhibited higher bacterial burden, severe body weight loss, and pathological changes after Chlamydia muridarum lung infection compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The severity of disease in Sema3E KO mice was correlated with reduced Th1/Th17 cytokine responses, increased Th2 response, altered Ab response, and a higher number of regulatory CD4 T cells. Moreover, DCs isolated from Sema3E KO mice showed lower surface expression of costimulatory molecules and production of IL-12, but higher expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and IL-10 production. Functional DC-T cell coculture studies revealed that DCs from infected Sema3E KO mice failed to induce Th1 and Th17 cell responses compared with DCs from infected WT mice. Upon adoptive transfer, mice receiving DCs from Sema3E KO mice, unlike those receiving DCs from WT mice, were not protected against challenge infection. In conclusion, our data evidenced that Sema3E acts as a critical factor for protective immunity against intracellular bacterial infection by modulating DC functions and T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Thomas
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Shuhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Sudhanshu Shekhar
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Sai Qiao
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Hesam Movassagh
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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15
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Ikeogu NM, Edechi CA, Akaluka GN, Feiz-Barazandeh A, Zayats RR, Salako ES, Onwah SS, Onyilagha C, Jia P, Mou Z, Shan L, Murooka TT, Gounni AS, Uzonna JE. Semaphorin 3E Promotes Susceptibility to Leishmania major Infection in Mice by Suppressing CD4 + Th1 Cell Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:588-598. [PMID: 33443083 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Protective immunity to cutaneous leishmaniasis is mediated by IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ Th1 cells. IFN-γ binds to its receptor on Leishmania-infected macrophages, resulting in their activation, production of NO, and subsequent destruction of parasites. This study investigated the role of Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) in host immunity to Leishmania major infection in mice. We observed a significant increase in Sema3E expression at the infection site at different timepoints following L. major infection. Sema3E-deficient (Sema3E knockout [KO]) mice were highly resistant to L. major infection, as evidenced by significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) reduced lesion sizes and lower parasite burdens at different times postinfection when compared with their infected wild-type counterpart mice. The enhanced resistance of Sema3E KO mice was associated with significantly (p < 0.05) increased IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells. CD11c+ cells from Sema3E KO mice displayed increased expression of costimulatory molecules and IL-12p40 production following L. major infection and were more efficient at inducing the differentiation of Leishmania-specific CD4+ T cells to Th1 cells than their wild-type counterpart cells. Furthermore, purified CD4+ T cells from Sema3E KO mice showed increased propensity to differentiate into Th1 cells in vitro, and this was significantly inhibited by the addition of recombinant Sema3E in vitro. These findings collectively show that Sema3E is a negative regulator of protective CD4+ Th1 immunity in mice infected with L. major and suggest that its neutralization may be a potential therapeutic option for treating individuals suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi M Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Chidalu A Edechi
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P5, Canada; and
| | - Gloria N Akaluka
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Aida Feiz-Barazandeh
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Romaniya R Zayats
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Enitan S Salako
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Somtochukwu S Onwah
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Chukuwunonso Onyilagha
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada;
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16
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Rajabinejad M, Asadi G, Ranjbar S, Afshar Hezarkhani L, Salari F, Gorgin Karaji A, Rezaiemanesh A. Semaphorin 4A, 4C, and 4D: Function comparison in the autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. Gene 2020; 746:144637. [PMID: 32244055 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins are a group of proteins that are divided into eight subclasses and identified by a conserved Sema domain on their carboxyl terminus. Sema4A, 4C, and 4D are the members of the fourth class of semaphorin family, which are known as membrane semaphorins; however, these molecules can be altered to soluble semaphorins by proteolytic cleavage. Semaphorins have various roles in the immune, nervous, and metabolic systems. In the immune system, these molecules contribute to the formation of cellular, humoral, and innate immune responses, such as inflammation, leukocyte migration, immunological synapse formation, and germinal center events. Given the diverse roles of semaphorins in the immune system, in this review, we have tried to give a comprehensive look at the role of these molecules in autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. Sema4D and 4A seem to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. In contrast, it has been shown that Sema4A and 4C have beneficial effects on allergies, and their absence can exacerbate the severity of the disease. In the case of cancer, an increase in all three of these molecules has been reported. Sema4D and 4C can contribute to tumor progression in human patients or experimental models, while the role of Sema4A has not yet been fully understood. In conclusion, semaphorins seem to be a favorable therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases and allergies. However, in cancer, studies have not yet been able to identify the exact role of semaphorins, and further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misagh Rajabinejad
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gelayol Asadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Ranjbar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Afshar Hezarkhani
- Department of Neurology, Farabi Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farhad Salari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Gorgin Karaji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Rezaiemanesh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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17
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Hemida AS, Mareae AH, Elbasiony ASA, Shehata WA. Plexin-B2 in psoriasis; a clinical and immunohistochemical study. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 41:718-728. [PMID: 32186222 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1741385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory, immune-mediated disease. Plexins are transmembrane proteins that are involved in immune system regulation and inflammation. This work aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of Plexin-B2 in plaque psoriasis in both lesional and perilesional skin. This case-control study included 30 patients with psoriasis vulgaris in comparison with 20 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy persons. We used the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score to evaluate psoriasis severity. Biopsies from 30 lesional, 30 perilesional, and 20 control-skin patients were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations of Plexin-B2. There was significant stepwise overexpression of Plexin-B2 in proliferating keratinocytes from controls (66 ± 31.02) to perilesional (116 ± 41.95) and lesional (159.7 ± 63.05) skin (P < .001). Also, Plexin-B2 showed significant overexpression in dermal inflammatory cells of lesional psoriatic skin (153.67 ± 72.71) when compared to controls skin (25.71 ± 11.34) (P < .001). There was a significant positive correlation between Plexin-B2 expression and psoriasis severity (r = 0.557; P < .001). Plexin-B2 could promote skin inflammation, as well as keratinocyte proliferation in psoriasis vulgaris; therefore, it may be used as a targeted therapy for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiat Shaban Hemida
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Alaa Hassan Mareae
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Shebin El Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Wafaa Ahmed Shehata
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University , Shebin El Kom, Egypt
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18
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Xiao C, Luo Y, Zhang C, Zhu Z, Yang L, Qiao H, Fu M, Wang G, Yao X, Li W. Negative regulation of dendritic cell activation in psoriasis mediated via CD100-plexin-B2. J Pathol 2020; 250:409-419. [PMID: 31943215 DOI: 10.1002/path.5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role by inducing Th1/Th17 immune responses; however, the regulation of DC activation in psoriasis remains largely unknown. Previously we found that the level of soluble CD100 was increased in sera of psoriasis patients, and CD100 promoted the activation of inflammasome in keratinocytes. In the present study, CD100 knockout mice were utilized for generation of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic dermatitis, with the result that skin inflammation in the early, but not late, phase of the psoriatic dermatitis was significantly exacerbated compared to that in wild-type controls. This was attributed mainly to the deficiency of CD100 in hematopoietic cells. Bone marrow-derived DCs, but not T cells or keratinocytes, from CD100 knockout mice produced significantly increased levels of IL-1β, IL-36, and IL-23 upon stimulation with IMQ in a plexin-B2-dependent manner. Moreover, the surface level of plexin-B2 on DCs of psoriasis patients was lower than that of healthy individuals, and CD100 attenuated IMQ-induced production of IL-1β and IL-36 from monocyte-derived DCs of psoriasis patients. Our results uncovered a negative regulatory mechanism for DCs activation in psoriasis, which was mediated via CD100-plexin-B2 in a cell type- and receptor-specific manner. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhenlai Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Luting Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xu Yao
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.,Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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19
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Fujii T, Yamasaki R, Kira JI. Novel Neuropathic Pain Mechanisms Associated With Allergic Inflammation. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1337. [PMID: 31920952 PMCID: PMC6928142 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are associated with central and peripheral nervous system diseases such as autism spectrum disorders and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, which frequently causes mononeuritis multiplex. Thus, it is possible that patients with an atopic constitution might develop multifocal inflammation in central and peripheral nervous system tissues. In a previous study in Japan, we reported a rare form of myelitis with persistent neuropathic pain (NeP) in patients with allergic disorders. However, the underlying mechanism of allergic inflammation-related NeP remains to be elucidated. First, we analyzed the effect of allergic inflammation on the nociceptive system in the spinal cord. Mice with atopy showed microglial and astroglial activation in the spinal cord and tactile allodynia. In a microarray analysis of isolated microglia from the spinal cord, endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) was the most upregulated cell surface receptor in mice with atopy. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated EDNRB expression was upregulated in microglia and astroglia. The EDNRB antagonist BQ788 abolished glial activation and allodynia. These findings indicated that allergic inflammation induced widespread glial activation through the EDNRB pathway and NeP. Second, we investigated whether autoantibody-mediated pathogenesis underlies allergic inflammation-related NeP. We detected specific autoantibodies to small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and their nerve terminals in the dorsal horns of NeP patients with allergic disorders. An analysis of IgG subclasses revealed a predominance of IgG2. These autoantibodies were mostly colocalized with isolectin B4- and P2X3-positive unmyelinated C-fiber type small DRG neurons. By contrast, immunostaining for S100β, a myelinated DRG neuron marker, showed no colocalization with patient IgG. Immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified plexin D1 as a target autoantigen. Patients with anti-plexin D1 antibodies often present with burning pain and thermal hyperalgesia. Immunotherapies, including plasma exchange, are effective for NeP management. Therefore, anti-plexin D1 antibodies may be pathogenic for immune-mediated NeP, especially under allergic inflammation conditions. Thus, allergic inflammation may induce NeP through glial inflammation in the spinal cord and the anti-plexin D1 antibody-mediated impairment of small DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujii
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Neurological Institute, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Kermarrec L, Eissa N, Wang H, Kapoor K, Diarra A, Gounni AS, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Semaphorin-3E attenuates intestinal inflammation through the regulation of the communication between splenic CD11C + and CD4 + CD25 - T-cells. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1235-1250. [PMID: 30736100 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An alteration in the communication between the innate and adaptive immune cells is a hallmark of ulcerative colitis (UC). Semaphorin-3E (SEMA3E), a secreted guidance protein, regulates various immune responses. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the expression of SEMA3E in colonic biopsies of active UC patients and its mechanisms in Sema3e-/- mice using an experimental model of UC. KEY RESULTS SEMA3E level was decreased in active UC patients and negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory mediators. Colonic expression of SEMA3E was reduced in colitic Sema3e+/+ mice, and recombinant (rec-) Plexin-D1 treatment exacerbated disease severity. In vivo rec-SEMA3E treatment restored SEMA3E level in colitic Sema3e+/+ mice. In Sema3e-/- mice, disease severity was increased, and rec-SEMA3E ameliorated these effects. Lack of Sema3e increased the expression of CD11c and CD86 markers. Colitic Sema3e-/- splenocytes and splenic CD11c+ cells produced more IL-12/23 and IFN-γ compared to Sema3e+/+ , and rec-SEMA3E reduced their release as much as NF-κB inhibitors, whereas an NF-κB activator increased their production and attenuated the effect of rec-SEMA3E. Colitic Sema3e-/- splenic CD11c+ /CD4+ CD25- T-cell co-cultures produced higher concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-17 when compared to colitic Sema3e+/+ splenic cell co-cultures, and rec-SEMA3E decreased these effects. In vitro, anti-IL-12p19 and -12p35 antibodies and rec-IL-12 and -23 treatment confirmed the crosstalk between CD11c+ and CD4+ CD25- T-cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS SEMA3E is reduced in colitis and modulates colonic inflammation by regulating the interaction between CD11c+ and CD4+ CD25- T-cells via an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. Thus, SEMA3E could be a potential therapeutic target for UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Kermarrec
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nour Eissa
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children Research Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kunal Kapoor
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Abdoulaye Diarra
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Children Research Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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21
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Iyer AS, Chapoval SP. Neuroimmune Semaphorin 4A in Cancer Angiogenesis and Inflammation: A Promoter or a Suppressor? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010124. [PMID: 30598022 PMCID: PMC6337608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune semaphorin 4A (Sema4A), a member of semaphorin family of transmembrane and secreted proteins, is an important regulator of neuronal and immune functions. In the nervous system, Sema4A primarily regulates the functional activity of neurons serving as an axon guidance molecule. In the immune system, Sema4A regulates immune cell activation and function, instructing a fine tuning of the immune response. Recent studies have shown a dysregulation of Sema4A expression in several types of cancer such as hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal, and breast cancers. Cancers have been associated with abnormal angiogenesis. The function of Sema4A in angiogenesis and cancer is not defined. Recent studies have demonstrated Sema4A expression and function in endothelial cells. However, the results of these studies are controversial as they report either pro- or anti-angiogenic Sema4A effects depending on the experimental settings. In this mini-review, we discuss these findings as well as our data on Sema4A regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis, which both are important pathologic processes underlining tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. Understanding the role of Sema4A in those processes may guide the development of improved therapeutic treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva S Iyer
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Svetlana P Chapoval
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Program in Oncology at the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- SemaPlex LLC, Ellicott City, MD 21042, USA.
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22
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Lotfi R, Yari K. The Role of Semaphorins and their Receptors in the Immune System and their Relation to Multiple Sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/shefa.6.4.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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23
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Alamri A, Rahman R, Zhang M, Alamri A, Gounni AS, Kung SKP. Semaphorin-3E Produced by Immature Dendritic Cells Regulates Activated Natural Killer Cells Migration. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1005. [PMID: 29867980 PMCID: PMC5954025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) are two innate immune cells that are critical in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Cellular functions and migratory responses of NK or DC can be further regulated in NK-DC crosstalk that involves multiple cytokine signals and/or direct cell-cell contacts. Semaphorin-3E (Sema-3E) is a member of a large family of Semaphorin proteins that play diverse regulatory functions in different biological systems upon its binding to the cognate receptors. However, possible role(s) of Sema-3E on the regulation of NK-cell functions has not been elucidated. Here, we first demonstrated that DC and NK cells expressed Sema-3E and its receptors, respectively. To formally address the importance of DC-derived Sema-3E in regulating NK-cell migration, we compared in vitro migratory responses of activated NK cells (aNKs) toward different conditioned media of DCs (immature, lipopolysaccharide- or Poly I:C-stimulated) derived from Sema-3E+/+ or Sema-3E-/- mice. We observed that aNKs exhibited enhanced migrations toward the conditioned medium of the immature Sema-3E-/- DC, when compared with that of the immature Sema-3E+/+ DC. Addition of exogenous recombinant Sema-3E to the conditioned medium of the Sema-3E-/- immature DC (iDC) abrogated such enhanced NK-cell migration. Our current work revealed a novel role of Sema-3E in limiting NK-cell migrations toward iDC in NK-DC crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rahmat Rahman
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Manli Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Abeer Alamri
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Sam K P Kung
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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24
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Abstract
Several neuronal guidance proteins, known as semaphorin molecules, function in the immune system. This dual tissue performance has led to them being defined as "neuroimmune semaphorins". They have been shown to regulate T cell activation by serving as costimulatory molecules. Similar to classical costimulatory molecules, neuroimmune semaphorins are either constitutively or inducibly expressed on immune cells. In contrast to the classical costimulatory molecule function, the action of neuroimmune semaphorins requires the presence of two signals, the first one provided by TCR/MHC engagement, and the second one provided by B7/CD28 interaction. Thus, neuroimmune semaphorins serve as a "signal three" for immune cell activation and regulate the overall intensity of immune response. The current knowledge on their structures, multiple receptors, specific cell/tissue/organ expression, and distinct functions in different diseases are summarized and discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana P Chapoval
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Program in Oncology at the Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- SemaPlex LLC, Ellicott City, MD, USA.
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25
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Alamri A, Soussi Gounni A, Kung SKP. View Point: Semaphorin-3E: An Emerging Modulator of Natural Killer Cell Functions? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2337. [PMID: 29113093 PMCID: PMC5713306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorin-3E (Sema-3E) is a member of a large family of proteins originally identified as axon guidance cues in neural development. It is expressed in different cell types, such as immune cells, cancer cells, neural cells, and epithelial cells. Subsequently, dys-regulation of Sema-3E expression has been reported in various biological processes that range from cancers to autoimmune and allergic diseases. Recent work in our laboratories revealed a critical immunoregulatory role of Sema-3E in experimental allergic asthma. We further speculate possible immune modulatory function(s) of Sema-3E on natural killer (NK) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
| | - Abdelilah Soussi Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
| | - Sam K P Kung
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
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26
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Movassagh H, Shan L, Duke-Cohan JS, Halayko AJ, Uzonna JE, Gounni AS. Semaphorin 3E Alleviates Hallmarks of House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Airway Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28634005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorins are an essential family of guidance cues ubiquitously expressed in various organs, which play diverse developmental, homeostatic, and pathological roles. Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E), initially identified as a neuronal chemorepellent, is involved in the regulation of cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. However, expression and function of Sema3E in allergic asthma has not been extensively investigated. We determined the expression of Sema3E in the airways and its effect on airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling as pathological features of allergic asthma provoked by house dust mite in vivo. Our data indicate that exposure to house dust mite markedly reduces Sema3E expression in mouse airways. More important, replenishment of Sema3E by intranasal administration of exogenous Sema3E protects mice from allergic asthma by reducing eosinophilic inflammation, serum IgE level, and T helper cell 2/T helper cell 17 cytokine response. The regulatory effect of Sema3E on cytokine response was sustained on allergen recall response in the lymph nodes and spleen. Furthermore, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and airway hyperresponsiveness were significantly diminished on Sema3E treatment. The inhibitory effect of Sema3E was associated with a reduction of pulmonary CD11b+ conventional dendritic cells and regulation of CD4+ T-cell cytokine response. Collectively, our data represent a novel approach to treating allergic asthma via regulation of immune response to house dust mite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Movassagh
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jonathan S Duke-Cohan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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27
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Zhang C, Xiao C, Dang E, Cao J, Zhu Z, Fu M, Yao X, Liu Y, Jin B, Wang G, Li W. CD100-Plexin-B2 Promotes the Inflammation in Psoriasis by Activating NF-κB and the Inflammasome in Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:375-383. [PMID: 28927892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PlxnB2 and its ligand, CD100, were originally identified as axon-guidance molecules that function during neuronal development; however, studies also showed that CD100-plexins participate in various immune responses. In this study, we found that the expression of PlxnB2 on keratinocytes was specifically increased in lesional skin of psoriasis patients but not atopic dermatitis. Levels of soluble CD100 and membrane-bound CD100 were elevated in sera of psoriasis patients and on keratinocytes of psoriatic skin, respectively. By binding to PlxnB2, soluble CD100 promoted the production of CXCL-1, CCL-20, IL-1β, and IL-18 by keratinocytes and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, CD100-PlxnB2 stimulated the NF-κB signaling pathway in keratinocytes through activation of small GTPase RhoA and Rac1. Our data showed that cooperation of CD100 and PlxnB2 promoted the inflammatory responses in keratinocytes by activating NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome and participated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. CD100/PlxnB2 might be a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunying Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiao Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenlai Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Yao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Movassagh H, Shan L, Mohammed A, Halayko AJ, Gounni AS. Semaphorin 3E Deficiency Exacerbates Airway Inflammation, Hyperresponsiveness, and Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1805-1814. [PMID: 28108561 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) plays a crucial role in axon guidance, vascular patterning, and immune regulation. Nevertheless, the role of Sema3E in asthma is still elusive. In this study, we show that genetic ablation of Sema3E in mice results in increased lung granulocytosis, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus overproduction, collagen deposition, and Th2/Th17 inflammation. Transfer of Sema3e-/- bone marrow progenitor cells to irradiated wild-type (WT) recipients exacerbates airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation, whereas transfer of WT bone marrow progenitor cells ameliorates asthma pathology in Sema3e-/- recipients. Sema3e-/- mice display a higher frequency of CD11b+ pulmonary dendritic cells than their WT controls at the baseline and after sensitization with house dust mite. Adoptive transfer of CD11b+ pulmonary dendritic cells from Sema3e-/- mice into WT recipients increases house dust mite-induced Th2/Th17 inflammation in the airway. Together, these findings identify Sema3E as a novel regulatory molecule in allergic asthma that acts upstream of proallergic events and suggest that targeting this molecule could be a novel approach to treat allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Movassagh
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; and
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; and
| | - Ashfaque Mohammed
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; and
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; and.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5 Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; and
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Ueda Y, Kondo N, Ozawa M, Yasuda K, Tomiyama T, Kinashi T. Sema3e/Plexin D1 Modulates Immunological Synapse and Migration of Thymocytes by Rap1 Inhibition. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3019-31. [PMID: 26921307 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of thymocyte trafficking plays an important role during thymic selection, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes is limited. In this study, we demonstrated that class III semaphorin E (sema3e), a guidance molecule during neural and vascular development, directly inhibited Rap1 activation and LFA-1-dependent adhesion through the GTPase-activating protein activity of plexin D1. Sema3e inhibited Rap1 activation of thymocytes in response to chemokines and TCR stimulation, LFA-mediated adhesion, and T cell-APC interactions. Immunological synapse (IS) formation in mature thymocytes on supported lipid bilayers was also attenuated by sema3e. Impaired IS formation was associated with reduced Rap1 activation on the contact surface and cell periphery. Moreover, a significant increase of CD4(+) thymocytes was detected in the medulla of mice with T cell lineage-specific deletion of plexin D1. Two-photon live imaging of thymic explants and slices revealed enhanced Rap1 activation and migration of CD69(+) double-positive and single-positive cells with plexin D1 deficiency. Our results demonstrate that sema3e/plexin D1 modulates IS formation and Ag-scanning activities of thymocytes within thymic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ueda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kondo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Madoka Ozawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kaneki Yasuda
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan; and
| | - Takashi Tomiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kinashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka 573-1010, Japan;
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Mahmood S, Upreti D, Sow I, Amari A, Nandagopal S, Kung SK. Bidirectional interactions of NK cells and dendritic cells in immunotherapy: current and future perspective. Immunotherapy 2016; 7:301-8. [PMID: 25804481 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cells and dendritic cells (DC) are innate cellular components that regulate adaptive immune responses in the immune surveillance of cancer and infections. Interactions of NK and DC are bidirectional. In this mini review, we summarized how NK cells regulate immature DC editing and maturation, how DC regulate NK-cell functions reciprocally in the NK-DC crosstalk, and the importance of NK-DC crosstalk in antitumor immunity. Enhancing NK-DC crosstalk by cellular factor(s), antibodies or creating a microenvironment that promote NK activations, DC maturation and NK-DC crosstalk will provide new insights into future development of DC-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Mahmood
- Department of Immunology, Room 417 Apotex Center, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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Hassan MA, Jensen KD, Butty V, Hu K, Boedec E, Prins P, Saeij JPJ. Transcriptional and Linkage Analyses Identify Loci that Mediate the Differential Macrophage Response to Inflammatory Stimuli and Infection. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005619. [PMID: 26510153 PMCID: PMC4625001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages display flexible activation states that range between pro-inflammatory (classical activation) and anti-inflammatory (alternative activation). These macrophage polarization states contribute to a variety of organismal phenotypes such as tissue remodeling and susceptibility to infectious and inflammatory diseases. Several macrophage- or immune-related genes have been shown to modulate infectious and inflammatory disease pathogenesis. However, the potential role that differences in macrophage activation phenotypes play in modulating differences in susceptibility to infectious and inflammatory disease is just emerging. We integrated transcriptional profiling and linkage analyses to determine the genetic basis for the differential murine macrophage response to inflammatory stimuli and to infection with the obligate intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. We show that specific transcriptional programs, defined by distinct genomic loci, modulate macrophage activation phenotypes. In addition, we show that the difference between AJ and C57BL/6J macrophages in controlling Toxoplasma growth after stimulation with interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha mapped to chromosome 3, proximal to the Guanylate binding protein (Gbp) locus that is known to modulate the murine macrophage response to Toxoplasma. Using an shRNA-knockdown strategy, we show that the transcript levels of an RNA helicase, Ddx1, regulates strain differences in the amount of nitric oxide produced by macrophage after stimulation with interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor. Our results provide a template for discovering candidate genes that modulate macrophage-mediated complex traits. Macrophages provide a first line of defense against invading pathogens and play an important role in the initiation and resolution of immune responses. When in contact with pathogens or immune factors, such as cytokines, macrophages assume activation states that range between pro-inflammatory (classical activation) and anti-inflammatory (alternative activation). Even though it is known that macrophages from different individuals are biased towards one of the various activation states, the genetic factors that define individual differences in macrophage activation are not fully understood. Additionally, although macrophages are important in infectious disease pathogenesis, how individual differences in macrophage activation contribute to individual differences in susceptibility to infectious disease is just emerging. We used macrophages from genetically segregating mice to show that discrete transcriptional programs, which are modulated by specific genomic regions, modulate differences in macrophage activation. Murine macrophages differences in controlling Toxoplasma growth mapped to chromosome 3, proximal to the Guanylate binding protein (Gbp) locus that is known to modulate the murine macrophage response to Toxoplasma. Using a shRNA-mediated knockdown approach, we show that the DEAD box polypeptide 1 (Ddx1) modulates nitric oxide production in macrophages stimulated with interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor. These findings are a step towards the identification of genes that regulate macrophage phenotypes and disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa A. Hassan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MAH); (JPJS)
| | - Kirk D. Jensen
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vincent Butty
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Hu
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erwan Boedec
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Biotechnology, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pjotr Prins
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen P. J. Saeij
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MAH); (JPJS)
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Ito D, Nojima S, Nishide M, Okuno T, Takamatsu H, Kang S, Kimura T, Yoshida Y, Morimoto K, Maeda Y, Hosokawa T, Toyofuku T, Ohshima J, Kamimura D, Yamamoto M, Murakami M, Morii E, Rakugi H, Isaka Y, Kumanogoh A. mTOR Complex Signaling through the SEMA4A-Plexin B2 Axis Is Required for Optimal Activation and Differentiation of CD8+ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:934-43. [PMID: 26116513 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays crucial roles in activation and differentiation of diverse types of immune cells. Although several lines of evidence have demonstrated the importance of mTOR-mediated signals in CD4(+) T cell responses, the involvement of mTOR in CD8(+) T cell responses is not fully understood. In this study, we show that a class IV semaphorin, SEMA4A, regulates CD8(+) T cell activation and differentiation through activation of mTOR complex (mTORC) 1. SEMA4A(-/-) CD8(+) T cells exhibited impairments in production of IFN-γ and TNF-α and induction of the effector molecules granzyme B, perforin, and FAS-L. Upon infection with OVA-expressing Listeria monocytogenes, pathogen-specific effector CD8(+) T cell responses were significantly impaired in SEMA4A(-/-) mice. Furthermore, SEMA4A(-/-) CD8(+) T cells exhibited reduced mTORC1 activity and elevated mTORC2 activity, suggesting that SEMA4A is required for optimal activation of mTORC1 in CD8(+) T cells. IFN-γ production and mTORC1 activity in SEMA4A(-/-) CD8(+) T cells were restored by administration of recombinant Sema4A protein. In addition, we show that plexin B2 is a functional receptor of SEMA4A in CD8(+) T cells. Collectively, these results not only demonstrate the role of SEMA4A in CD8(+) T cells, but also reveal a novel link between a semaphorin and mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nojima
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Nishide
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hyota Takamatsu
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sujin Kang
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Clinical Application of Biologics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshida
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yohei Maeda
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosokawa
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Toyofuku
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Immunology and Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Ohshima
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Immunopathology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatic Disease, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
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Tomas-Roca L, Tsaalbi-Shtylik A, Jansen JG, Singh MK, Epstein JA, Altunoglu U, Verzijl H, Soria L, van Beusekom E, Roscioli T, Iqbal Z, Gilissen C, Hoischen A, de Brouwer APM, Erasmus C, Schubert D, Brunner H, Pérez Aytés A, Marin F, Aroca P, Kayserili H, Carta A, de Wind N, Padberg GW, van Bokhoven H. De novo mutations in PLXND1 and REV3L cause Möbius syndrome. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7199. [PMID: 26068067 PMCID: PMC4648025 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Möbius syndrome (MBS) is a neurological disorder that is characterized by paralysis of the facial nerves and variable other congenital anomalies. The aetiology of this syndrome has been enigmatic since the initial descriptions by von Graefe in 1880 and by Möbius in 1888, and it has been debated for decades whether MBS has a genetic or a non-genetic aetiology. Here, we report de novo mutations affecting two genes, PLXND1 and REV3L in MBS patients. PLXND1 and REV3L represent totally unrelated pathways involved in hindbrain development: neural migration and DNA translesion synthesis, essential for the replication of endogenously damaged DNA, respectively. Interestingly, analysis of Plxnd1 and Rev3l mutant mice shows that disruption of these separate pathways converge at the facial branchiomotor nucleus, affecting either motoneuron migration or proliferation. The finding that PLXND1 and REV3L mutations are responsible for a proportion of MBS patients suggests that de novo mutations in other genes might account for other MBS patients. lt has been debated for decades if there is a genetic aetiology underlying Möbius syndrome, a neurological disorder characterized by facial paralysis. Here Tomas-Roca et al. use exome sequencing and identify de novo mutations in PLXND1 and REV3L, representing converging pathways in hindbrain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tomas-Roca
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
| | - Anastasia Tsaalbi-Shtylik
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob G Jansen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manvendra K Singh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 9-105 SCTR, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 9-105 SCTR, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Millet Caddesi, Capa, Fatih 34093, Turkey
| | - Harriette Verzijl
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Soria
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Beusekom
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.,The Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Corrie Erasmus
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Han Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, Maastricht 6200AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Pérez Aytés
- Dysmorphology and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Moebius Syndrome Foundation of Spain, University Hospital LA FE, Valencia 46540, Spain
| | - Faustino Marin
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
| | - Pilar Aroca
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo (Murcia), Spain
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Millet Caddesi, Capa, Fatih 34093, Turkey
| | - Arturo Carta
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Niels de Wind
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - George W Padberg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, PO Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
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Mecollari V, Nieuwenhuis B, Verhaagen J. A perspective on the role of class III semaphorin signaling in central nervous system trauma. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:328. [PMID: 25386118 PMCID: PMC4209881 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the central nervous system (CNS) has severe impact on the patients’ quality of life and initiates many molecular and cellular changes at the site of insult. Traumatic CNS injury results in direct damage of the axons of CNS neurons, loss of myelin sheaths, destruction of the surrounding vascular architecture and initiation of an immune response. Class III semaphorins (SEMA3s) are present in the neural scar and influence a wide range of molecules and cell types in and surrounding the injured tissue. SEMA3s and their receptors, neuropilins (NRPs) and plexins (PLXNs) were initially studied because of their involvement in repulsive axon guidance. To date, SEMA3 signaling is recognized to be of crucial importance for re-vascularization, the immune response and remyelination. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss how SEMA3s modulate these processes that are all crucial components of the tissue response to injury. Most of the functions for SEMA3s are achieved through their binding partners NRPs, which are also co-receptors for a variety of other molecules implicated in the above processes. The most notable ligands are members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and the transforming growth factor family. Therefore, a second aim is to highlight the overlapping or competing signaling pathways that are mediated through NRPs in the same processes. In conclusion, we show that the role of SEMA3s goes beyond inhibiting axonal regeneration, since they are also critical modulators of re-vascularization, the immune response and re-myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasil Mecollari
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart Nieuwenhuis
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Laboratory for Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
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35
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Immunological functions of the neuropilins and plexins as receptors for semaphorins. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:802-14. [PMID: 24319778 DOI: 10.1038/nri3545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorins were originally identified as axon-guidance molecules that function during neuronal development. However, cumulative evidence indicates that semaphorins also participate in immune responses, both physiological and pathological, and they are now considered to be potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets for a range of diseases. The primary receptors for semaphorins are neuropilins and plexins, which have cell type-specific patterns of expression and are involved in multiple signalling responses. In this Review, we focus on the roles of neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and plexins in the regulation of the immune system, and we summarize recent advances in our understanding of their pathological implications.
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36
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Towner RA, Jensen RL, Vaillant B, Colman H, Saunders D, Giles CB, Wren JD. Experimental validation of 5 in-silico predicted glioma biomarkers. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:1625-34. [PMID: 24158112 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a high-grade glioma with poor prognosis. Identification of new biomarkers specific to GBM could help in disease diagnosis. We have developed and validated a bioinformatics method to predict proteins likely to be suitable as glioma biomarkers via a global microarray meta-analysis to identify uncharacterized genes consistently coexpressed with known glioma-associated genes. METHODS A novel bioinformatics method was implemented called global microarray meta-analysis, using approximately 16,000 microarray experiments to identify uncharacterized genes consistently coexpressed with known glioma-associated genes. These novel biomarkers were validated as proteins highly expressed in human gliomas varying in tumor grades using immunohistochemistry. Glioma gene databases were used to assess delineation of expression of these markers in varying glioma grades and subtypes of GBM. RESULTS We have identified 5 potential biomarkers-spondin1, Plexin-B2, SLIT3, fibulin-1, and LINGO1-that were validated as proteins highly expressed on the surface of human gliomas using immunohistochemistry. Expression of spondin1, Plexin-B2, and SLIT3 was significantly higher (P < .01) in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade gliomas. These biomarkers were significant discriminators in grade IV gliomas compared with either grade III or II tumors and also distinguished between GBM subclasses. CONCLUSIONS This study strongly suggests that this type of bioinformatics approach has high translational potential to rapidly discern which poorly characterized proteins may be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A Towner
- Corresponding Author: Rheal A. Towner, PhD, Director, Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA.
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Abstract
γδ T cells are a unique and conserved population of lymphocytes that have been the subject of a recent explosion of interest owing to their essential contributions to many types of immune response and immunopathology. But what does the integration of recent and long-established studies really tell us about these cells and their place in immunology? The time is ripe to consider the evidence for their unique and crucial functions. We conclude that whereas B cells and αβ T cells are commonly thought to contribute primarily to the antigen-specific effector and memory phases of immunity, γδ T cells are distinct in that they combine conventional adaptive features (inherent in their T cell receptors and pleiotropic effector functions) with rapid, innate-like responses that can place them in the initiation phase of immune reactions. This underpins a revised perspective on lymphocyte biology and the regulation of immunogenicity.
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The role and mechanism-of-action of Sema3E and Plexin-D1 in vascular and neural development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 24:156-62. [PMID: 23270617 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Class 3 secreted semaphorins (Sema3A-3G) participate in many aspects of axon guidance through holoreceptor complexes that include Neuropilin-1 (Npn-1) or Neuropilin-2 and one of the four class A plexin proteins. However, unlike other Sema3 family proteins, Sema3E directly binds to Plexin-D1 without neuropilins. Its biological function was first explored in intersomitic vessel formation and since its initial discovery, Sema3E-Plexin-D1 signaling has been found to participate in the many biological systems in addition to vascular development, via seemingly different mode of actions. For example, temporal and spatial control of ligand vs. receptor results in two different mechanisms governing vascular patterning. Interactions with other transmembrane proteins such as neuropilin and VEGFR2 result in different axonal behaviors. Ligand receptor localization on pre- vs. post-synaptic neurons is used to control different types of synapse formation. Perhaps different downstream effectors will also result in different functional outcomes. Given the limited number of ligands and receptors in the genome and their multifunctional nature, we expect that more modes of action will be discovered in the future. In this review, we highlight current advances on the mechanisms of how Sema3E-Plexin-D1 interaction shapes the networks of multiple biological systems, in particular the vascular and nervous systems.
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Rehman M, Tamagnone L. Semaphorins in cancer: biological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 24:179-89. [PMID: 23099250 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The hallmarks of cancer include multiple alterations in the physiological processes occurring in normal tissues, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and restricted cell migration. These aberrant behaviors are due to genetic and epigenetic changes that affect signaling pathways controlling cancer cells, as well as the surrounding "normal" cells in the tumor microenvironment. Semaphorins and their receptors (mainly plexins and neuropilins) are aberrantly expressed in human tumors, and multiple family members are emerging as pivotal signals deregulated in cancer. Notably, different semaphorins can promote or inhibit tumor progression, depending on the implicated receptor complexes and responsive cell type. The important role of semaphorin signals in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis has initiated multiple experimental approaches aimed at targeting these pathways to inhibit cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rehman
- Institute for Cancer Research at Candiolo (IRC@C), University of Torino-Dept. of Oncology, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
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