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Thomaidou AC, Goulielmaki M, Tsintarakis A, Zoumpourlis P, Toya M, Christodoulou I, Zoumpourlis V. miRNA-Guided Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from the Umbilical Cord: Paving the Way for Stem-Cell Based Regeneration and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119189. [PMID: 37298143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is an abundant source of multipotent cells primed with unique properties that can be exploited in a multitude of applications and interventions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogenous population of undifferentiated cells programmed to self-renew and, depending on their origin, differentiate into distinct lineages. Alongside their proven ability to transmigrate toward inflammation sites, the secretion of various factors that participate in tissue regeneration and their immunoregulatory function render MSCs attractive candidates for use in the cytotherapy of a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions, as well as in different aspects of regenerative medicine. In particular, MSCs that can be found in fetal, perinatal, or neonatal tissues possess additional capabilities, including predominant proliferation potential, increased responsiveness to environmental stimuli, and hypoimmunogenicity. Since microRNA (miRNA)-guided gene regulation governs multiple cellular functions, miRNAs are increasingly being studied in the context of driving the differentiation process of MSCs. In the present review, we explore the mechanisms of miRNA-directed differentiation of MSCs, with a special focus on umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs), and we identify the most relevant miRNAs and miRNA sets and signatures. Overall, we discuss the potent exploitations of miRNA-driven multi-lineage differentiation and regulation of UCMSCs in regenerative and therapeutic protocols against a range of diseases and/or injuries that will achieve a meaningful clinical impact through maximizing treatment success rates, while lacking severe adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsinoe C Thomaidou
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Cancer Research Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Tsintarakis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Marialena Toya
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Christodoulou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 11635 Athens, Greece
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Guz M, Jeleniewicz W, Cybulski M. An Insight into miR-1290: An Oncogenic miRNA with Diagnostic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031234. [PMID: 35163157 PMCID: PMC8835968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than two decades, the view of the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has been radically changing. These RNA molecules that are transcribed from our genome do not have the capacity to encode proteins, but are critical regulators of gene expression at different levels. Our knowledge is constantly enriched by new reports revealing the role of these new molecular players in the development of many pathological conditions, including cancer. One of the ncRNA classes includes short RNA molecules called microRNAs (miRNAs), which are involved in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression affecting various cellular processes. The aberrant expression of miRNAs with oncogenic and tumor-suppressive function is associated with cancer initiation, promotion, malignant transformation, progression and metastasis. Oncogenic miRNAs, also known as oncomirs, mediate the downregulation of tumor-suppressor genes and their expression is upregulated in cancer. Nowadays, miRNAs show promising application in diagnosis, prediction, disease monitoring and therapy response. Our review presents a current view of the oncogenic role of miR-1290 with emphasis on its properties as a cancer biomarker in clinical medicine.
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Jiang J, Xin J, Ding W, Shi D, Sun S, Guo B, Zhou X, Zheng C, Li J. MicroRNA Profile of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Hepatic Differentiation and Therapy. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:152-163. [PMID: 34975309 PMCID: PMC8692113 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.67639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in hepatocyte differentiation from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and the therapeutic application in vivo. However, the mechanisms of miRNA regulation are still unknown. This study aimed to profile the miRNA basis for improving the function of hBMSC-differentiated hepatocyte-like cells (hBMSC-Heps). Methods: Characteristic miRNAs of hBMSC-Heps were identified by transcriptome sequencing and validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). An in vivo hBMSC transplantation model was used to assess the regulatory effects of miRNAs on liver regeneration during hBMSC therapy in pigs with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). The biological functions of significant miRNA molecules were confirmed by transfection of miRNA activators or inhibitors into hBMSCs during hepatogenic differentiation. Results: The transcriptome of hBMSC-Heps showed characteristics distinct from those of undifferentiated hBMSCs. A total of 77 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in hBMSC-Heps at day 10 and day 20 after hBMSC differentiation that were directly related to the functions of hepatocytes. Among the top 10 significantly differentially expressed and the top 10 most abundant miRNAs, nine miRNAs that exhibited a pattern of gradual change were chosen for further analysis. The expression of nine miRNAs was confirmed by qRT-PCR in vitro and showed the same changing trends in vivo in an hBMSC transplantation model in pigs. Functional experiments with these miRNAs showed that activators of hsa-miR-26b-5p and hsa-miR-148a-3p and an inhibitor of hsa-miR-423-3p were sufficient to improve the differentiation of hBMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells. Conclusions: Transcriptome profiles of miRNA revealed the basis of the differentiation and development of hBMSC-Heps. Manipulation of three miRNAs (hsa-miR-26b-5p, hsa-miR-148a-3p and hsa-miR-423-3p) significantly improved hepatocyte generation and liver regeneration, indicating the potential of these miRNAs for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Wenchao Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Suwan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chufan Zheng
- Hangzhou No.14 High School, 580 Fengqi Rd, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
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Afshari A, Yaghobi R, Rezaei G. Inter-regulatory role of microRNAs in interaction between viruses and stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:985-1004. [PMID: 34567421 PMCID: PMC8422934 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well known for post-transcriptional regulatory ability over specific mRNA targets. miRNAs exhibit temporal or tissue-specific expression patterns and regulate the cell and tissue developmental pathways. They also have determinative roles in production and differentiation of multiple lineages of stem cells and might have therapeutic advantages. miRNAs are a part of some viruses’ regulatory machinery, not a byproduct. The trace of miRNAs was detected in the genomes of viruses and regulation of cell reprograming and viral pathogenesis. Combination of inter-regulatory systems has been detected for miRNAs during viral infections in stem cells. Contraction between viruses and stem cells may be helpful in therapeutic tactics, pathogenesis, controlling viral infections and defining stem cell developmental strategies that is programmed by miRNAs as a tool. Therefore, in this review we intended to study the inter-regulatory role of miRNAs in the interaction between viruses and stem cells and tried to explain the advantages of miRNA regulatory potentials, which make a new landscape for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Afshari
- Shiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193711351, Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193711351, Iran
| | - Ghazal Rezaei
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193711351, Iran
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising source of cell-based therapies for treatment of a wide variety of injuries and diseases. Their tropism and migration to the damaged sites, which are elicited by cytokines secreted from tissues around pathology, are the prerequisite for tissue repair and regeneration. Better understanding of the elicited-migration of MSCs and discovering conditions that elevate their migration ability, will help to increase their homing to pathologies and improve therapeutic efficacy. It is increasingly recognized that microRNAs are important regulators of cell migration. Here we summarize current understanding of the microRNA-regulated migration of MSCs.
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Afshari A, Shamdani S, Uzan G, Naserian S, Azarpira N. Different approaches for transformation of mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:54. [PMID: 32033595 PMCID: PMC7007672 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the prominent role of the liver in the body and detoxification, its functionality can be affected in an irreversible manner by diseases. This phenomenon renders the liver to stop working, leading to morbidity and mortality. Therefore, liver transplantation is the only way to tackle this issue.In order to compensate for the lack of adequate healthy liver tissue for transplantation, therapeutic approaches such as hepatocyte transplantation have been proposed as an alternative. Recognizing the fact that mesenchymal stem cells are adult stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into several cell types, different methods have been invented to produce hepatocyte-like cells from mesenchymal stem cells. They can be divided into three main categories, such as addition of cytokines and growth factors, genetic modifications, and adjustment of microenvironment as well as physical parameters.In this review, we attempted to introduce diverse efficient methods for differentiating mesenchymal stem cells and their capability for transformation into hepatocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Afshari
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Shamdani
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807, Villejuif, France.,SivanCell, Tehran, Iran.,CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Sina Naserian
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197/Ministry of the Armed Forces, Biomedical Research Institute of the Armed Forces (IRBA), Paul-Brousse Hospital Villejuif and CTSA Clamart, 94807, Villejuif, France.,SivanCell, Tehran, Iran.,CellMedEx, Saint Maur Des Fossés, France
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili street, Shiraz, Iran.
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Khosravi M, Azarpira N, Shamdani S, Hojjat-Assari S, Naserian S, Karimi MH. Differentiation of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells to hepatocyte cells by transfection of miR-106a, miR-574-3p, and miR-451. Gene 2018; 667:1-9. [PMID: 29763649 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Studying the profile of micro RNAs (miRs) elucidated the highest expressed miRs in hepatic differentiation. In this study, we investigated to clarify the role of three embryonic overexpressed miRs (miR-106a, miR-574-3p and miR-451) during hepatic differentiation of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs). We furthermore, aimed to explore whether overexpression of any of these miRs alone is sufficient to induce the differentiation of the UC-MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells. UC-MSCs were transfected either alone or together with miR-106a, miR-574-3p and miR-451 and their potential hepatic differentiation and alteration in gene expression profile, morphological changes and albumin secretion ability were investigated. We found that up-regulation of any of these three miRs alone cannot induce expression of all hepatic specific genes. Transfection of each miR alone, led to Sox17, FoxA2 expression that are related to initiation step of hepatic differentiation. However, concurrent ectopic overexpression of three miRs together can induce UC-MSCs differentiation into functionally mature hepatocytes. These results show that miRs have the capability to directly convert UC-MSCs to a hepatocyte phenotype in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khosravi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Institut Français de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur à l'International (IFRES-INT), Paris, France.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sara Shamdani
- ERL CNRS 9215, CRRET Laboratory, Créteil, France; SivanCell, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Suzzan Hojjat-Assari
- Institut Français de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur à l'International (IFRES-INT), Paris, France.
| | - Sina Naserian
- Inserm, U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif, France; SivanCell, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran.
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Promotion of Cell-Based Therapy: Special Focus on the Cooperation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Gene Therapy for Clinical Trial Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1119:103-118. [PMID: 30155859 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) is a promising new field of medicine that has mobilized several new tools to repair or replace lost or damaged cells or tissues by stimulating natural regenerative mechanisms nearby cell and tissue-based therapy approaches. However, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapy has been shown to be safe and effective to a certain degree in multiple clinical trial studies (CTSs) of several diseases, in most MSC CTSs the efficacy of treatment has been reported low. Therefore, researchers have focused on efficacy enhancing of MSC to improve migratory and homing, survival, stemness, differentiation and other therapeutic applicable properties by using different approaches. Gene therapy is one of the experimental technique tools that uses genes to change cells for therapeutic and investigation purposes. In this study has been focused on genetically modified MSCs for use in RM with an emphasis on CTSs. We highlight the basic concept of genetic modifications and also discuss recent clinical studies aspects. Recently reviewed studies show that MSC therapy with assistant gene therapy can be used in cancer therapy, heart diseases, Fanconi anemia and several other diseases.
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Raut A, Khanna A. High-throughput sequencing to identify microRNA signatures during hepatic differentiation of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:910-927. [PMID: 27653181 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in regulation of cognate mRNAs post-transcriptionally. MicroRNAs have been implicated in regulating the stem cell differentiation process. Limited regulatory miRNAs have been reported to date during hepatic differentiation of stem cells. The present study was designed to identify the signature miRNAs implicated in hepatic differentiation of stem cells using next-generation sequencing methods. METHODS We undertook sequencing of miRNAs isolated from three different time points during hepatic differentiation of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) from two biological replicates. RESULTS Out of a total known 2588 miRNAs (according to miRBase version 21), 880 miRNAs were identified in our study. A total of 63 significantly expressed miRNAs during hepatic differentiation, with at least 2-fold change and a false discovery rate value <0.05, were considered for further analysis. The putative target genes of significantly downregulated miRNAs during hepatic differentiation appeared to be mostly associated with biological processes that are essential for hepatic differentiation and maintenance of mature hepatic phenotype-like liver development, stem cell differentiation, Wnt receptor signaling pathway, and drug and cholesterol metabolic processes. Putative target genes of significantly upregulated miRNAs are highly enriched in regulating processes that block hepatic differentiation of hUC-MSCs like epithelial-mesenchymal transition, transforming growth factor-β receptor signaling pathway, and stem cell maintenance. CONCLUSION The study provides a new insight for investigation of miRNA-regulated pathways during the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata Raut
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies University, Mumbai, India
| | - Aparna Khanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies University, Mumbai, India
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Zhou X, Cui L, Zhou X, Yang Q, Wang L, Guo G, Hou Y, Cai W, Han Z, Shi Y, Han Y. Induction of hepatocyte-like cells from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells by defined microRNAs. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:881-893. [PMID: 27874233 PMCID: PMC5387126 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating functional hepatocyte‐like cells (HLCs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is of great urgency for bio‐artificial liver support system (BALSS). Previously, we obtained HLCs from human umbilical cord‐derived MSCs by overexpressing seven microRNAs (HLC‐7) and characterized their liver functions in vitro and in vivo. Here, we aimed to screen out the optimal miRNA candidates for hepatic differentiation. We sequentially removed individual miRNAs from the pool and examined the effect of transfection with remainder using RT‐PCR, periodic acid—Schiff (PAS) staining and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake assays and by assessing their function in liver injury models. Surprisingly, miR‐30a and miR‐1290 were dispensable for hepatic differentiation. The remaining five miRNAs (miR‐122, miR‐148a, miR‐424, miR‐542‐5p and miR‐1246) are essential for this process, because omitting any one from the five‐miRNA combination prevented hepatic trans‐differentiation. We found that HLCs trans‐differentiated from five microRNAs (HLC‐5) expressed high level of hepatic markers and functioned similar to hepatocytes. Intravenous transplantation of HLC‐5 into nude mice with CCl4‐induced fulminant liver failure and acute liver injury not only improved serum parameters and their liver histology, but also improved survival rate of mice in severe hepatic failure. These data indicated that HLC‐5 functioned similar to HLC‐7 in vitro and in vivo, which have been shown to resemble hepatocytes. Instead of using seven‐miRNA combination, a simplified five‐miRNA combination can be used to obtain functional HLCs in only 7 days. Our study demonstrated an optimized and efficient method for generating functional MSC‐derived HLCs that may serve as an attractive cell alternative for BALSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lina Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guanya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weile Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheyi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Cruz-Santos MC, Aragón-Raygoza A, Espinal-Centeno A, Arteaga-Vázquez M, Cruz-Hernández A, Bako L, Cruz-Ramírez A. The Role of microRNAs in Animal Cell Reprogramming. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1035-49. [PMID: 27224014 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our concept of cell reprogramming and cell plasticity has evolved since John Gurdon transferred the nucleus of a completely differentiated cell into an enucleated Xenopus laevis egg, thereby generating embryos that developed into tadpoles. More recently, induced expression of transcription factors, oct4, sox2, klf4, and c-myc has evidenced the plasticity of the genome to change the expression program and cell phenotype by driving differentiated cells to the pluripotent state. Beyond these milestone achievements, research in artificial cell reprogramming has been focused on other molecules that are different than transcription factors. Among the candidate molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs) stand out due to their potential to control the levels of proteins that are involved in cellular processes such as self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. Here, we review the role of miRNAs in the maintenance and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, epimorphic regeneration, and somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Concepción Cruz-Santos
- 1 Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (U.G.A.-LANGEBIO) CINVESTAV , Irapuato, México
| | - Alejandro Aragón-Raygoza
- 1 Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (U.G.A.-LANGEBIO) CINVESTAV , Irapuato, México
| | - Annie Espinal-Centeno
- 1 Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (U.G.A.-LANGEBIO) CINVESTAV , Irapuato, México
| | - Mario Arteaga-Vázquez
- 2 Laboratory of Epigenetics and Developmental Biology, Institute for Biotechnology and Applied Ecology (INBIOTECA) , Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - Andrés Cruz-Hernández
- 3 Facultad of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Laszlo Bako
- 4 Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez
- 1 Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (U.G.A.-LANGEBIO) CINVESTAV , Irapuato, México
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Mahgoub A, Steer CJ. MicroRNAs in the Evaluation and Potential Treatment of Liver Diseases. J Clin Med 2016; 5:E52. [PMID: 27171116 PMCID: PMC4882481 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic liver disease continue to result in significant morbidity and mortality of patients, along with increasing burden on their families, society and the health care system. This in part is due to increased incidence of liver disease associated factors such as metabolic syndrome; improved survival of patients with chronic predisposing conditions such as HIV; as well as advances in the field of transplantation and associated care leading to improved survival. The fact that one disease can result in different manifestations and outcomes highlights the need for improved understanding of not just genetic phenomenon predisposing to a condition, but additionally the role of epigenetic and environmental factors leading to the phenotype of the disease. It is not surprising that providers continue to face daily challenges pertaining to diagnostic accuracy, prognostication of disease severity, progression, and response to therapies. A number of these challenges can be addressed by incorporating a personalized approach of management to the current paradigm of care. Recent advances in the fields of molecular biology and genetics have paved the way to more accurate, individualized and precise approach to caring for liver disease. The study of microRNAs and their role in both healthy and diseased livers is one example of such advances. As these small, non-coding RNAs work on fine-tuning of cellular activities and organ function in a dynamic and precise fashion, they provide us a golden opportunity to advance the field of hepatology. The study of microRNAs in liver disease promises tremendous improvement in hepatology and is likely to lay the foundation towards a personalized approach in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Mahgoub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Medical School, Veterans of Foreign Wars Cancer Research Center, 406 Harvard Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Clifford J Steer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Medical School, Veterans of Foreign Wars Cancer Research Center, 406 Harvard Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Medical School, Veterans of Foreign Wars Cancer Research Center, 406 Harvard Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Liver Fibrosis: Recent Findings, Old/New Caveats and Future Perspectives. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:586-97. [PMID: 25820543 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-015-9585-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are progenitors which share plastic-adherence capacity and cell surface markers but have different properties according to their cell and tissue sources and to culture conditions applied. Many recent publications suggest that MSCs can differentiate into hepatic-like cells, which can be a consequence of either a positive selection of rare in vivo pluripotent cells or of the original plasticity of some cells contributing to MSC cultures. A possible role of MSCs in hereditary transmission of obesity and/or diabetes as well as properties of MSCs regarding immunomodulation, cell fusion and exosome release capacities are discussed according to recent literature. Limitations in methods used to track MSCs in vivo especially in the context of liver cirrhosis are addressed as well as strategies explored to enhance their migratory, survival and proliferation properties, which are known to be relevant for their future clinical use. Current knowledge regarding mechanisms involved in liver cirrhosis amelioration mediated by naïve and genetically modified MSCs as well as the effects of applying preconditioning and combined strategies to improve their therapeutic effects are evaluated. Finally, first reports of GMP guidelines and biosafety issues in MSCs applications are discussed.
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14
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Tan KY, Teo KL, Lim JFY, Chen AKL, Choolani M, Reuveny S, Chan J, Oh SK. Serum-free media formulations are cell line-specific and require optimization for microcarrier culture. Cytotherapy 2016; 17:1152-65. [PMID: 26139547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated as potential cell therapies for many different indications. Current methods of production rely on traditional monolayer culture on tissue-culture plastic, usually with the use of serum-supplemented growth media. However, the monolayer culturing system has scale-up limitations and may not meet the projected hundreds of billions to trillions batches of cells needed for therapy. Furthermore, serum-free medium offers several advantages over serum-supplemented medium, which may have supply and contaminant issues, leading to many serum-free medium formulations being developed. METHODS We cultured seven MSC lines in six different serum-free media and compared their growth between monolayer and microcarrier culture. RESULTS We show that (i) expansion levels of MSCs in serum-free monolayer cultures may not correlate with expansion in serum-containing media; (ii) optimal culture conditions (serum-free media for monolayer or microcarrier culture) differ for each cell line; (iii) growth in static microcarrier culture does not correlate with growth in stirred spinner culture; (iv) and that early cell attachment and spreading onto microcarriers does not necessarily predict efficiency of cell expansion in agitated microcarrier culture. CONCLUSIONS Current serum-free media developed for monolayer cultures of MSCs may not support MSC proliferation in microcarrier cultures. Further optimization in medium composition will be required for microcarrier suspension culture for each cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Yong Tan
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore.
| | - Kim Leng Teo
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore
| | - Jessica F Y Lim
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore
| | - Allen K L Chen
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore
| | | | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore
| | | | - Steve Kw Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Centros, Singapore.
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15
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Alizadeh E, Eslaminejad MB, Akbarzadeh A, Sadeghi Z, Abasi M, Herizchi R, Zarghami N. Upregulation of MiR-122 via Trichostatin A Treatments in Hepatocyte-like Cells Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:296-305. [PMID: 26360933 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The miR-122 is a tissue-specific miRNA; its expression is abundant in liver. MiR-122 upregulation is crucial for differentiation, functionality, and maintenance of differentiated phenotype in hepatocytes. The improving effects of trichostatin A (TSA) on hepatic differentiation have been reported previously. The aim of this study was to determine whether TSA can affect the expression of miR-122 in hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) generated from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSCs). The hepatic differentiation of hAT-MSCs induced by a mixture of growth factors and cytokines either with or without TSA treatments. The functionality of HLCs generated with or without TSA and the expression levels of miR-122 were studied. The expression levels of miR-122 in TSA-treated HLCs was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those generated by growth factors and cytokines, only. The downregulation of a-fetoprotein (AFP) levels but enhanced albumin synthesis (p < 0.05) and upregulation of liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs) HNF4α (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α) and HNF6 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 6) were observed in TSA-treated HLCs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, administration of TSA in hepatogenic differentiation of hAT-MSCs resulted in higher expression levels of miR-122, facilitation of differentiation, and subsequently attenuation of AFP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
| | - MohamadReza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACER, Royan Institute, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
| | - Zohre Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
| | - Mozghan Abasi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
| | - Roya Herizchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran.,The Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Center (UCSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz 3137851656, I.R. Iran
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16
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Nowakowski A, Walczak P, Janowski M, Lukomska B. Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2219-42. [PMID: 26140302 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can be obtained from various organs and easily propagated in vitro, are one of the most extensively used types of stem cells and have been shown to be efficacious in a broad set of diseases. The unique and highly desirable properties of MSCs include high migratory capacities toward injured areas, immunomodulatory features, and the natural ability to differentiate into connective tissue phenotypes. These phenotypes include bone and cartilage, and these properties predispose MSCs to be therapeutically useful. In addition, MSCs elicit their therapeutic effects by paracrine actions, in which the metabolism of target tissues is modulated. Genetic engineering methods can greatly amplify these properties and broaden the therapeutic capabilities of MSCs, including transdifferentiation toward diverse cell lineages. However, cell engineering can also affect safety and increase the cost of therapy based on MSCs; thus, the advantages and disadvantages of these procedures should be discussed. In this review, the latest applications of genetic engineering methods for MSCs with regenerative medicine purposes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nowakowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Walczak
- 2 Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,4 Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland .,2 Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- 1 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Raschzok N, Sallmon H, Pratschke J, Sauer IM. MicroRNAs in liver tissue engineering - New promises for failing organs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:67-77. [PMID: 26116880 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
miRNA-based technologies provide attractive tools for several liver tissue engineering approaches. Herein, we review the current state of miRNA applications in liver tissue engineering. Several miRNAs have been implicated in hepatic disease and proper hepatocyte function. However, the clinical translation of these findings into tissue engineering has just begun. miRNAs have been successfully used to induce proliferation of mature hepatocytes and improve the differentiation of hepatic precursor cells. Nonetheless, miRNA-based approaches beyond cell generation have not yet entered preclinical or clinical investigations. Moreover, miRNA-based concepts for the biliary tree have yet to be developed. Further research on miRNA based modifications, however, holds the promise of enabling significant improvements to liver tissue engineering approaches due to their ability to regulate and fine-tune all biological processes relevant to hepatic tissue engineering, such as proliferation, differentiation, growth, and cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael Raschzok
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes Sallmon
- Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Talaei-Khozani T, Borhani-Haghighi M, Ayatollahi M, Vojdani Z. An in vitro model for hepatocyte-like cell differentiation from Wharton's jelly derived-mesenchymal stem cells by cell-base aggregates. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2015; 8:188-99. [PMID: 26328041 PMCID: PMC4553159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study investigated the differentiation potential of human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (UCMSCs) into hepatic lineage through embryonic body-like aggregate formation in the presence of IGF-1. BACKGROUND Cells derived from Wharton's jelly have been reported to display a wide multilineage differentiation potential, showing some similarities to both embryonic (ESC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PATIENTS AND METHODS Human MSCs isolated from the umbilical cord were plated in 20 μL micro drops. A two-step differentiation protocol was used and the cell aggregates were exposed to the media supplemented with IGF, HGF, oncostatin M, and dexamethasone for 21 days. Immunoperoxidase and immuno-fluorescence were performed for cyrokeratins 18, 19 and albumin. Functional assays were done by periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and indocyanine green. RESULTS The expression of cytokeratin 19 was shown to be higher in the cells derived from 3D spheroids compared to those cultured in conventional protocol. They showed a polygonal shape after being exposed to hepatogenic media. Immunostaining demonstrated the expression of cytokeratin-18, 19 and albumin by the differentiated cells. Besides, PAS staining revealed glycogen storage in differentiated cells. Also, a greater number of large size differentiated cells were found at the periphery of the expanded cell aggregates. CONCLUSION We established a protocol for UCMSC differentiation into hepatocytes and these cells were morphologically and functionally similar to hepatocytes. Thus, hepatocyte differentiation may be facilitated by the UCMSCs aggregate formation before administration of the differentiation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Laboratory for stem cell research, Anatomy Department, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Tissue Engineering Lab, Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Medical Science And Technology, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Borhani-Haghighi
- Laboratory for stem cell research, Anatomy Department, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ayatollahi
- Transplantation research center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Ian
| | - Zahra Vojdani
- Laboratory for stem cell research, Anatomy Department, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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19
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Alizadeh E, Akbarzadeh A, Eslaminejad MB, Barzegar A, Hashemzadeh S, Nejati-Koshki K, Zarghami N. Up regulation of liver-enriched transcription factors HNF4a and HNF6 and liver-specific microRNA (miR-122) by inhibition of let-7b in mesenchymal stem cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:268-79. [PMID: 25059576 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate key processes of the stem cells. Although, microRNAs have emerged as powerful regulators of differentiation, few studies have been focused on the post-transcriptional regulation of hepatic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by microRNAs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specific effect of let-7 microRNAs in particular let-7b in hepatic commitment of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAT-MSCs). The dynamic expression profile of let-7a, b, c microRNAs and two liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs) HNF4a and HNF6 was studied during in vitro hepatic differentiation of hAT-MSCs. Let-7b was used for transient overexpression and knockdown investigations. It was shown that the expression of LETFs is inversely correlated with those of let-7 miRNAs during differentiation progress (p < 0.05). Inhibition of let-7b caused upregulation of LETFs, an increase in the expression of miR-122 (p < 0.01) emulating the features of functional hepatocytes, and accumulation of hAT-MSCs in the G0 /G1 phase of cell cycle, triggering initiation of hepatic commitment. In conclusion, transient inhibition of let-7b activates hepatic differentiation of hAT-MSCs. The findings of this work might help optimization of in vitro hepatogenic differentiation utilizing microRNAs and hAT-MSCs that could be used for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Pourrajab F, Babaei Zarch M, BaghiYazdi M, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Zare-Khormizi MR. MicroRNA-based system in stem cell reprogramming; differentiation/dedifferentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:318-28. [PMID: 25150833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have self-renew ability and give rise to committed progenitors of a single or multiple lineages. Elucidating the genetic circuits that govern SCs to self-renew and to differentiate is essential to understand the roles of SCs and promise of these cells in regenerative medicine. MicroRNAs are widespread agents playing critical roles in regulatory networks of transcriptional expression and have been strongly linked with SCs for simultaneous maintenance of pluripotency properties such as self-renewal. This review aims to provide state-of-the-art presentations on microRNA-dependent molecular mechanisms contribute to the maintenance of pluripotency. Understanding the microRNA signature interactions, in conjunction with cell signaling, is critical for development of improved strategies to reprogram differentiated cells or direct differentiation of pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Pourrajab
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad BaghiYazdi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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21
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Hu Y, Luo M, Ni N, Den Y, Xia J, Chen J, Ji J, Zhou X, Fan X, Gu P. Reciprocal actions of microRNA-9 and TLX in the proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2771-81. [PMID: 24901604 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated critical roles of a number of microRNAs (miRNAs) in stem cell proliferation and differentiation. miRNA-9 (miR-9) is a brain-enriched miRNA. Whether miR-9 has a role in retinal progenitor cell (RPC) proliferation and differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we show that miR-9 plays an important role in RPC fate determination. The expression of miR-9 was inversely correlated with that of the nuclear receptor TLX, which is an essential regulator of neural stem cell self-renewal. Overexpression of miR-9 downregulated the TLX levels in RPCs, leading to reduced RPC proliferation and increased neuronal and glial differentiation, and the effect of miR-9 overexpression on RPC proliferation and differentiation was inhibited by the TLX overexpression; knockdown of miR-9 resulted in increased TLX expression as well as enhanced proliferation of RPCs. Furthermore, inhibition of endogenous TLX by small interfering RNA suppressed RPC proliferation and promoted RPCs to differentiate into retinal neuronal and glial cells. These results suggest that miR-9 and TLX form a feedback regulatory loop to coordinate the proliferation and differentiation of retinal progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Hu
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, China
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22
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miRNA Expression in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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MicroRNA-27a modulates HCV infection in differentiated hepatocyte-like cells from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91958. [PMID: 24824429 PMCID: PMC4019502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Despite the discovery of hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry factor, the mechanism by which it is regulated by miRNAs remains unclear. Adipose tissue-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (AT-hMSCs) have been widely used for differentiated hepatocyte-like cells (DHCs). Here, we established an in vitro HCV infection model using DHCs from AT-hMSCs and identified miRNAs that modulate HCV infectivity. Methods AT-hMSCs were differentiated into DHCs using the conditional media, and evaluated for hepatocyte characteristics using RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, periodic acid-Schiff staining, and a urea synthesis assay. The expression of HCV candidate receptors was also verified using immunocytochemistry. The levels of candidate miRNAs targeting HCV receptors were then determined by relative quantitative RT-PCR (rqRT-PCR). Finally, DHCs were infected using HCVcc and serum from HCV-infected patients, and infectivity of the virus was measured by rqRT-PCR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results The expected changes in morphology, function and hepatic gene expression were observed during hepatic differentiation. Moreover, the expression of candidate HCV entry factors and miR-27a were altered during hepatic differentiation. The infection and replication of HCV occurred efficiently in DHCs treated with HCVcc or infected with serum from HCV-infected patients. In addition, HCV infectivity was suppressed in miR-27a-transfected DHCs, due to the inhibition of LDLR expression by miR-27a. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that AT-hMSCs are a good source of DHCs, which are suitable for in vitro cultivation of HCV. Furthermore, these results suggest that miR-27a modulates HCV infectivity by regulating LDLR expression.
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Finch ML, Marquardt JU, Yeoh GC, Callus BA. Regulation of microRNAs and their role in liver development, regeneration and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:288-303. [PMID: 24731940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery more than a decade ago microRNAs have been demonstrated to have profound effects on almost every aspect of biology. Numerous studies in recent years have shown that microRNAs have important roles in development and in the etiology and progression of disease. This review is focused on microRNAs and the roles they play in liver development, regeneration and liver disease; particularly chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, viral hepatitis and primary liver cancer. The key microRNAs identified in liver development and chronic liver disease will be discussed together with, where possible, the target messenger RNAs that these microRNAs regulate to profoundly alter these processes. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: The Non-coding RNA Revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Finch
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia.
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - George C Yeoh
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands 6000, WA, Australia.
| | - Bernard A Callus
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia.
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Trohatou O, Zagoura D, Bitsika V, Pappa KI, Antsaklis A, Anagnou NP, Roubelakis MG. Sox2 suppression by miR-21 governs human mesenchymal stem cell properties. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:54-68. [PMID: 24307698 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been shown to act as regulatory signals for maintaining stemness and for determining the fate of adult and fetal stem cells, such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). hMSCs constitute a population of multipotent stem cells that can be expanded easily in culture and are able to differentiate into many lineages. We have isolated two subpopulations of fetal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from amniotic fluid (AF) known as spindle-shaped (SS) and round-shaped (RS) cells and characterized them on the basis of their phenotypes, pluripotency, proliferation rates, and differentiation potentials. In this study, we analyzed the miRNA profile of MSCs derived from AF, bone marrow (BM), and umbilical cord blood (UCB). We initially identified 67 different miRNAs that were expressed in all three types of MSCs but at different levels, depending on the source. A more detailed analysis revealed that miR-21 was expressed at higher levels in RS-AF-MSCs and BM-MSCs compared with SS-AF-MSCs. We further demonstrated for the first time a direct interaction between miR-21 and the pluripotency marker Sox2. The induction of miR-21 strongly inhibited Sox2 expression in SS-AF-MSCs, resulting in reduced clonogenic and proliferative potential and cell cycle arrest. Strikingly, the opposite effect was observed upon miR-21 inhibition in RS-AF-MSCs and BM-MSCs, which led to an enhanced proliferation rate. Finally, miR-21 induction accelerated osteogenesis and impaired adipogenesis and chondrogenesis in SS-AF-MSCs. Therefore, these findings suggest that miR-21 might specifically function by regulating Sox2 expression in human MSCs and might also act as a key molecule determining MSC proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania Trohatou
- Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Cell and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Center of Basic Research II, and Biotechnology Laboratory, Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Cui L, Shi Y, Zhou X, Wang X, Wang J, Lan Y, Wang M, Zheng L, Li H, Wu Q, Zhang J, Fan D, Han Y. A set of microRNAs mediate direct conversion of human umbilical cord lining-derived mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e918. [PMID: 24232094 PMCID: PMC3847311 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, we elucidated the specific microRNA (miRNA) profile of hepatic differentiation. In this study, we aimed to clarify the instructive role of six overexpressed miRNAs (miR-1246, miR-1290, miR-148a, miR-30a, miR-424 and miR-542-5p) during hepatic differentiation of human umbilical cord lining-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and to test whether overexpression of any of these miRNAs is sufficient to induce differentiation of the hMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells. Before hepatic differentiation, hMSCs were infected with a lentivirus containing a miRNA inhibitor sequence. We found that downregulation of any one of the six hepatic differentiation-specific miRNAs can inhibit HGF-induced hepatic differentiation including albumin expression and LDL uptake. Although overexpression of any one of the six miRNAs alone or liver-enriched miR-122 cannot initiate hepatic differentiation, ectopic overexpression of seven miRNAs (miR-1246, miR-1290, miR-148a, miR-30a, miR-424, miR-542-5p and miR-122) together can stimulate hMSC conversion into functionally mature induced hepatocytes (iHep). Additionally, after transplantation of the iHep cells into mice with CCL4-induced liver injury, we found that iHep not only can improve liver function but it also can restore injured livers. The findings from this study indicate that miRNAs have the capability of directly converting hMSCs to a hepatocyte phenotype in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Choi E, Choi E, Hwang KC. MicroRNAs as novel regulators of stem cell fate. World J Stem Cells 2013; 5:172-187. [PMID: 24179605 PMCID: PMC3812521 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v5.i4.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence in stem cell biology has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in cell fate specification, including stem cell self-renewal, lineage-specific differentiation, and somatic cell reprogramming. These functions are tightly regulated by specific gene expression patterns that involve miRNAs and transcription factors. To maintain stem cell pluripotency, specific miRNAs suppress transcription factors that promote differentiation, whereas to initiate differentiation, lineage-specific miRNAs are upregulated via the inhibition of transcription factors that promote self-renewal. Small molecules can be used in a similar manner as natural miRNAs, and a number of natural and synthetic small molecules have been isolated and developed to regulate stem cell fate. Using miRNAs as novel regulators of stem cell fate will provide insight into stem cell biology and aid in understanding the molecular mechanisms and crosstalk between miRNAs and stem cells. Ultimately, advances in the regulation of stem cell fate will contribute to the development of effective medical therapies for tissue repair and regeneration. This review summarizes the current insights into stem cell fate determination by miRNAs with a focus on stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, and reprogramming. Small molecules that control stem cell fate are also highlighted.
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