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Carnwath TP, Demel SL, Prestigiacomo CJ. Genetics of ischemic stroke functional outcome. J Neurol 2024; 271:2345-2369. [PMID: 38502340 PMCID: PMC11055934 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, which accounts for 87% of cerebrovascular accidents, is responsible for massive global burden both in terms of economic cost and personal hardship. Many stroke survivors face long-term disability-a phenotype associated with an increasing number of genetic variants. While clinical variables such as stroke severity greatly impact recovery, genetic polymorphisms linked to functional outcome may offer physicians a unique opportunity to deliver personalized care based on their patient's genetic makeup, leading to improved outcomes. A comprehensive catalogue of the variants at play is required for such an approach. In this review, we compile and describe the polymorphisms associated with outcome scores such as modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index. Our search identified 74 known genetic polymorphisms spread across 48 features associated with various poststroke disability metrics. The known variants span diverse biological systems and are related to inflammation, vascular homeostasis, growth factors, metabolism, the p53 regulatory pathway, and mitochondrial variation. Understanding how these variants influence functional outcome may be helpful in maximizing poststroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy P Carnwath
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Charles J Prestigiacomo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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Yoon CW, Kim J, Suh YJ, Kim BC, Youn YC, Jeong JH, Han HJ, Choi SH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and the progression of cerebral microbleeds. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1230141. [PMID: 37900609 PMCID: PMC10602736 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1230141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism has been studied as a genetic candidate for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). However, no previous study has evaluated the relationship between the ACE I/D polymorphism and cerebral microbleed (CMB), an important CSVD marker. We evaluated the association between ACE I/D polymorphisms and 2-year changes in CMBs. Methods The CHALLENGE (Comparison Study of Cilostazol and Aspirin on Changes in Volume of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease White Matter Changes) database was analyzed. Of 256 subjects, 186 participants who underwent a 2-year follow-up brain scan and ACE genotyping were included. Our analysis was conducted by dividing the ACE genotype into two groups (DD vs. ID/II) under the assumption of the recessive effects of the D allele. A linear mixed-effect model was used to compare the 2-year changes in the number of CMBs between the DD and combined ID/II genotypes. Results Among 186 patients included in this study, 24 (12.9%) had the DD genotype, 91 (48.9%) had the ID genotype, and 71 (38.2%) had the II genotype. Baseline clinical characteristics and cerebral small vessel disease markers were not different between the two groups (DD vs. ID/II) except for the prevalence of hypertension (DD 66.7% vs. ID/II 84.6%; p = 0.04). A multivariate linear mixed-effects model showed that the DD carriers had a greater increase in total CMB counts than the ID/II carriers after adjusting for the baseline number of CMBs, age, sex, and hypertension (estimated mean of difference [standard error (SE)] = 1.33 [0.61]; p = 0.03). When we performed an analysis of cases divided into deep and lobar CMBs, only lobar CMBs were significantly different between the two groups (estimated mean of difference [SE] = 0.94 [0.42]; p = 0.02). Conclusion The progression of CMBs over 2 years was greater in the ACE DD carriers compared with the combined II/ID carriers. The results of our study indicate a possible association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and CMB. A study with a larger sample size is needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy W. Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonguk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong C. Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Han
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Meta-Analysis of the Frequency of ACE I/D Polymorphisms in Centenarians and Other Long-Lived Individuals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043411. [PMID: 36834822 PMCID: PMC9966830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Current research on the angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) gene has yielded controversial results on whether different ACE polymorphisms are linked with human longevity. ACE polymorphisms are a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and age-onset diseases that may contribute to the mortality of older people. Our goal is to consolidate existing studies, using artificial intelligence-assisted software to come to a more precise understanding of the role of the ACE gene in human longevity. The I (insertion) and D (deletion) polymorphisms in the intron are correlated with the levels of circulating ACE; homozygous D (DD) is high, and homozygous I (II) is low. Here, we performed a detailed meta-analysis of the I and D polymorphisms using centenarians (100+ years old), long-lived subjects (85+ years old), and control groups. ACE genotype distribution was analyzed across a total of 2054 centenarians and 12,074 controls, as well as 1367 long-lived subjects between the ages of 85-99, using the inverse variance and random effects methods. The ACE DD genotype was found to be favored in centenarians (OR: 1.41 (95% CI: 1.19-1.67), p < 0.0001) with a heterogeneity of 32%, and the II genotype slightly favored the control groups (OR: 0.81 (95% CI: 0.66-0.98), p = 0.03) with a heterogeneity of 28%, corroborating results from previous meta-analyses. Novel to our meta-analysis, the ID genotype was found to be favored in control groups (OR: 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76-0.97), p = 0.01) with a heterogeneity of 0%. The long-lived group showed a similar positive association between the DD genotype and longevity (OR: 1.34 (95% CI: 1.21-1.48), p < 0.0001) and a negative association between the II genotype and longevity (OR: 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70-0.88), p < 0.0001). The long-lived ID genotype did not show significant findings (OR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.84-1.02), p = 0.79). In conclusion, the results suggest a significant positive association of the DD genotype with human longevity. However, despite the previous study, the results do not confirm a positive association of the ID genotype with human longevity. We suggest a few important paradoxical implications: (1) inhibition of ACE can increase longevity in model systems from nematodes to mammals, seemingly opposite to the finding in humans; (2) exceptional longevity associated with homozygous DD is also associated with age-related diseases with higher mortality risks in homozygous DD. We discuss ACE, longevity, and age-related diseases.
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Krohn JB, Neubauer C, Fischer S, Oberkanins C, Katus HA, Gleissner CA. Optimisation of individual cardiovascular risk assessment in a German coronary artery disease cohort using a commercial test for genetic polymorphisms - a pilot study. Acta Cardiol 2023; 78:124-134. [PMID: 36189773 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2116810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Assessment of cardiovascular risk using established risk scores such as ESC SCORE2 or PROCAM insufficiently emphasise the role of genetic factors. We hypothesise that commercially available genetic assays may provide additional information on hereditary cardiovascular risk in a timely and cost-efficient manner. METHODS In a cohort of 51 patients treated for coronary artery disease (CAD) at University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, a subgroup of patients with "unstable" CAD (i.e. recurrent acute coronary syndrome) was identified and compared to patients with "stable" disease (i.e. chronic coronary syndrome). Gene array analysis using a commercial assay for 15 potentially pathogenic polymorphisms revealed our cohort's genetic risk profile regarding atherosclerotic/thromboembolic events. Improvement of cardiovascular risk assessment based on established risk scores was analysed using net reclassification, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Discriminatory capacity of traditional risk scores such as SCORE2 or PROCAM with regard to stable and unstable CAD groups was poor (ROC AUC <0.5). Patients with "unstable" CAD exhibited a significantly increased frequency of pathogenic eNOS 894 T and MTHFR 1298 C polymorphisms compared to "stable" CAD patients, and information on these polymorphisms individually as well as combinations with additional polymorphisms included in the assay such as ACE D/D or PAI-1 5 G variants markedly improved risk prediction compared to SCORE2/PROCAM alone (ROC AUC ≥0.75). CONCLUSION Commercially available assays for genetic polymorphisms may provide valuable information on individual genetic cardiovascular risk, potentially guiding future primary and/or secondary preventative therapies for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona B Krohn
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Neubauer
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Medipro Medizinische Diagnostische Produkte GmbH, Hockenheim, Germany
| | | | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian A Gleissner
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Stroke Centre, Rottal-Inn Kliniken KU, Eggenfelden, Germany
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Li J, Abedi V, Zand R. Dissecting Polygenic Etiology of Ischemic Stroke in the Era of Precision Medicine. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11205980. [PMID: 36294301 PMCID: PMC9604604 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11205980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS), the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, is caused by many modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. This complex disease is also known for its multiple etiologies with moderate heritability. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs), which have been used to establish a common genetic basis for IS, may contribute to IS risk stratification for disease/outcome prediction and personalized management. Statistical modeling and machine learning algorithms have contributed significantly to this field. For instance, multiple algorithms have been successfully applied to PRS construction and integration of genetic and non-genetic features for outcome prediction to aid in risk stratification for personalized management and prevention measures. PRS derived from variants with effect size estimated based on the summary statistics of a specific subtype shows a stronger association with the matched subtype. The disruption of the extracellular matrix and amyloidosis account for the pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Pathway-specific PRS analyses confirm known and identify novel etiologies related to IS. Some of these specific PRSs (e.g., derived from endothelial cell apoptosis pathway) individually contribute to post-IS mortality and, together with clinical risk factors, better predict post-IS mortality. In this review, we summarize the genetic basis of IS, emphasizing the application of methodologies and algorithms used to construct PRSs and integrate genetics into risk models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | - Vida Abedi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (R.Z.)
| | - Ramin Zand
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Health System, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822, USA
- Correspondence: (V.A.); (R.Z.)
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Jacob Y, Hart NH, Cochrane JL, Spiteri T, Laws SM, Jones A, Rogalski B, Kenna J, Anderton RS. ACTN3 (R577X) Genotype Is Associated With Australian Football League Players. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:573-576. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nath M, Misra S, Talwar P, Vibha D, Srivastava AK, Prasad K, Kumar P. Association between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion gene polymorphism with the risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis of 53 studies. Gene 2021; 790:145696. [PMID: 33964377 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) results in significant mortality and disability worldwide. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is responsible for blood pressure regulation and vascular homeostasis. Our objective was to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis for ascertaining the association of ACE I/D polymorphism with HS since a number of studies depicted inconclusive evidence. METHODS Literature search was performed till July 10, 2020 in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Chinese National Knowledge Information and Google Scholar databases with keywords: ('Angiotensin Converting Enzyme' OR 'ACE') AND ('Single Nucleotide polymorphisms' OR 'SNP') AND ('Hemorrhagic stroke or 'HS'). Pooled Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were determined for gene-disease association using either fixed (when I2 < 50%) or random effect (when I2 > 50%) models. Risk of bias in studies was assessed using funnel plots and sensitivity analyses. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 13.0 software. RESULTS A total of 53 studies having 5186 HS and 7347 healthy control subjects were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled analyses showed that ACE I/D gene polymorphism had significant association with risk of HS in overall study population [(dominant model: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.12-1.50 & recessive model: OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.46-2.20)]. Population subgroup analyses further revealed significant relationship of ACE I/D polymorphism with ICH in Asians (recessive: OR 1.97, 95% CI = 1.57-2.47) but not in Caucasians (recessive: OR 1.02, 95% CI = 0.76-1.36). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that ACE I/D polymorphism may lead to risk of HS and can be a potential biomarker for HS susceptibility especially in Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabesh Nath
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shubham Misra
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pumanshi Talwar
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Deepti Vibha
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Achal Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Kameshwar Prasad
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Wang J, Sun Z, Yang Y, Wu J, Quan W, Chen X, Ni P, Li D. Association of laboratory parameters and genetic polymorphisms with ischemic stroke in Chinese Han population. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:490. [PMID: 33790999 PMCID: PMC8005697 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic polymorphisms and clinical laboratory parameters are associated with ischemic stroke (IS). However, the results of such studies have frequently been inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between clinical laboratory parameters with genetic polymorphisms that influence the risk of IS in a Chinese Han population. Clinical laboratory parameters were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer. Genotype and allele frequencies of the polymorphisms angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) D/I, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and β-fibrinogen (β-Fg) A/G, 455/148T/C were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR. Furthermore, the gene polymorphisms plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1-4G/5G and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε2,3,4 were characterized by allele-specific PCR. The associations of genotype and allele frequencies of the six risk genes in different groups with clinical laboratory parameters were analyzed by chi-square tests. The distribution maps of the polymorphisms of the six genes and clinical laboratory parameters were compared between a control group of 336 healthy individuals and 762 patients with IS. Certain laboratory parameters were associated with ACE I/D, β-Fg-455 A/G and PAI-1 4G/5G. The D allele of ACE I/D was associated with high levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Furthermore, high levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and LDL-C were risk factors for IS. There were significant differences in the genotype frequencies of ACE I/D, β-Fg-455 A/G and β-Fg-148 T/C between the IS and the control group. In conclusion, clinical laboratory parameters were associated with the risk of polymorphisms of IS-related genes. The present results support the determination of a range of control values of clinical laboratory parameters for common genotypes in patients with diabetes and hyperlipidemia as a strategy for the early prevention of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayong Wang
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200020, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Zujun Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yibao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Junlu Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Quan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Xingcai Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Peihua Ni
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200020, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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Park YS, Park HW, Park HS, Ryu CS, Lee JY, Ko EJ, Sung JH, Kim J, Kim OJ, Kim NK. Association of genetic variants of RNF213 with ischemic stroke risk in Koreans. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:389-397. [PMID: 33609224 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large artery disease (LAD), cardioembolism (CE), and small vessel disease (SVD) are well-established causes of ischemic stroke. Although a founder variant of RNF213 has been regarded a genetic susceptibility for Moyamoya disease (MMD) and certain types of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS), correlations between RNF213 variants and ischemic stroke with SVD remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize the associations of four RNF213 polymorphisms (4448G>A, 4810G>A, 4863G>A, and 4950G>A) with ischemic stroke subtypes in Koreans. METHODS Genetic data from 529 stroke patients were analyzed and compared to 424 age- and sex-matched controls. Genetic variants of RNF213, as obtained from the Human Gene Mutation Database, were analyzed in the study subjects using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We investigated four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of RNF213 to elucidate their association with ischemic stroke [LAD, (n = 192), SVD (n = 145) and CE (n = 51)]. RESULTS The RNF213 4950G>A genotype was observed more frequently in cerebral stroke patients and was more strongly associated with SVD than LAD (P = 0.014). RNF213 4448/4950 in combination with G-A was higher in SVD patients. However, the RNF213 4863/4950 allele combination was associated with increased risk of SVD and LAD. These results confirmed that RNF213 4950GA+AA variants were more frequent in ischemic stroke, especially in SVD, and that RNF213 G-G-G-A and G-G-G-A (4448/4810/4863/4950) haplotype sequences play a role in LAD and CE as well as SVD. CONCLUSIONS Our data reported that the RNF213 4950G>A genotypes and several RNF213 (4448/4810/4863/4950) haplotypes were associated with ischemic stroke in Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Seok Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Han Sung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Chang Soo Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Sung
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jinkwon Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59, Yatap-ro, BundanG-Gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea
| | - Ok Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59, Yatap-ro, BundanG-Gu, Seongnam, 13496, South Korea.
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea.
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Jacob Y, Anderton RS, Cochrane Wilkie JL, Rogalski B, Laws SM, Jones A, Spiteri T, Hart NH. Association of Genetic Variances in ADRB1 and PPARGC1a with Two-Kilometre Running Time-Trial Performance in Australian Football League Players: A Preliminary Study. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:22. [PMID: 33572708 PMCID: PMC7912285 DOI: 10.3390/sports9020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (rs4343), alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) (rs1815739), adrenoceptor-beta-1 (ADRB1) (rs1801253), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) (rs8192678) genes have previously been associated with elite athletic performance. This study assessed the influence of polymorphisms in these candidate genes towards endurance test performance in 46 players from a single Australian Football League (AFL) team. Each player provided saliva buccal swab samples for DNA analysis and genotyping and were required to perform two independent two-kilometre running time-trials, six weeks apart. Linear mixed models were created to account for repeated measures over time and to determine whether player genotypes are associated with overall performance in the two-kilometre time-trial. The results showed that the ADRB1 Arg389Gly CC (p = 0.034) and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser GG (p = 0.031) genotypes were significantly associated with a faster two-kilometre time-trial. This is the first study to link genetic polymorphism to an assessment of endurance performance in Australian Football and provides justification for further exploratory or confirmatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ysabel Jacob
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia; (Y.J.); (J.L.C.W.); (S.M.L.); (T.S.)
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth 6160, Australia
- School of Health Science, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth 6160, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Jodie L. Cochrane Wilkie
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia; (Y.J.); (J.L.C.W.); (S.M.L.); (T.S.)
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Brent Rogalski
- West Coast Eagles Football Club, Perth 6100, Australia; (B.R.); (A.J.)
| | - Simon M. Laws
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia; (Y.J.); (J.L.C.W.); (S.M.L.); (T.S.)
- Collaborative Genomics Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
| | - Anthony Jones
- West Coast Eagles Football Club, Perth 6100, Australia; (B.R.); (A.J.)
| | - Tania Spiteri
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia; (Y.J.); (J.L.C.W.); (S.M.L.); (T.S.)
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Hart
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia; (Y.J.); (J.L.C.W.); (S.M.L.); (T.S.)
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth 6160, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
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Su C, Liu WC, Li GM, Huang Y. Association Between the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme I/D Polymorphism and Risk of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Meta-Analysis Based on 7186 Subjects. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105579. [PMID: 33412396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) causes a quarter of all strokes and is the most common pathology underlying vascular dementia. However, the mechanism of CSVD remains unclear. Numerous studies have investigated whether the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) intersection/deletion (I/D) polymorphism influences the risk of CSVD, but the results are controversial. METHODS We searched English and Chinese databases and calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to examine the existence of genetic associations between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the risk of CSVD. All relevant studies were screened and meta-analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. RESULTS A total of 27 studies involving 7,186 subjects were identified for the meta-analysis. The results of five genetic models showed a significantly increased risk of CSVD (allelic, OR=1.30; recessive, OR=1.41; dominant, OR=1.34; homozygous, OR=1.55 and heterozygous OR=1.22) in the overall analysis. Furthermore, in subgroup analysis, increased CSVD risks were also observed in Asian and Caucasian populations. We also found no relationship between ACE I/D and leukoaraiosis (LA) in patients with lacunar infarction (LI). CONCLUSION The ACE I/D polymorphism was positively associated with CSVD in both populations. However, this polymorphism did not increase the risk of LA in LI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Su
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Wen-Chen Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Guo-Ming Li
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Neurology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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I/D Polymorphism Gene ACE and Risk of Preeclampsia in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8875230. [PMID: 33456632 PMCID: PMC7785338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8875230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are the most common complications of pregnancy, which result in adverse outcomes for the mother and the fetus. GDM is regarded as a separate independent risk factor for PE development, as evidenced by a higher preeclampsia rate in gestational diabetes mellitus than in the general population. The role the endothelial cell dysfunction plays is considered to be the most reasonable one in the origin of these diseases. The activity of plasma and tissue angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is believed to be genetically controlled. The available data suggests that increased ACE activity due to deletion (D)/insertion (I) in the 16th intron of ACE gene, which is called ACE gene I/D polymorphism, is associated with preeclampsia and varies depending on the studied population and the geography. We did not find any literature data that estimates the influence of ACE gene I/D polymorphism on PE rate in pregnant women with GDM. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate a relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and preeclampsia development in the case of GDM in the Russian population. The study used the genomic DNA derived by phenol-chloroform extraction method from venous blood samples in 137 pregnant women, including samples of 74 women with GDM accompanied with PE and the blood samples of 63 women with GDM w/o preeclampsia. Genotyping of insertion/deletion in the I/D region (16 intron of АСЕ gene) was conducted by real-time PCR using the TaqMan competing probe technology. The particular features in the frequency array of alleles and genotypes of the ACE gen I/D polymorphism under review, as associated with preeclampsia development risk in pregnant women with GDM, were identified. The acquired data testify to the need to further study of ACE gene I/D region polymorphism association in a large patient sample taking into account the PE and GDM risk factors estimated in the clinical practice.
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Barbosa IG, Ferreira GC, Andrade Júnior DF, Januário CR, Belisário AR, Bauer ME, Simões E Silva AC. The Renin Angiotensin System and Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:520-528. [PMID: 32003654 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200127115059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic a multifactorial psychiatric illness that affects mood, cognition, and functioning. BD is associated with several psychiatric conditions as well clinical comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular diseases. The neurobiology of BD is complex and multifactorial and several systems have been implicated. Considering that the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases and that recently evidence has suggested its role in psychiatric disorders, the aim of the present study is to summarize and to discuss recent findings related to the modulation of RAS components in BD. A systematic search of the literature using the electronic databases MEDLINE and LILACS was conducted through March 2019. The search terms were: "Bipolar Disorder"; "Renin Angiotensin System"; "Angiotensin 2"; "Angiotensin receptors"; "Angiotensin 1-7"; "ACE"; "ACE2"; "Mas Receptor". We included original studies assessing RAS in BD patients. Two hundred twenty-two citations were initially retrieved. Eleven studies were included in our systematic review. In the majority of studies (6 of 8), the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism did not differ between BD patients and controls. BD patients presented higher plasma renin activity in comparison with controls. The studies evaluating the RAS molecules in BD are very scarce and heterogeneous. The literature suggests a potential role of RAS in BD. Further studies are necessary to investigate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Guimarães Barbosa
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giulia Campos Ferreira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Diomildo Ferreira Andrade Júnior
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cássio Rocha Januário
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - André Rolim Belisário
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Moises Evandro Bauer
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation - Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes and mortality from COVID-19: An ecological study. J Infect 2020; 81:961-965. [PMID: 33197472 PMCID: PMC7666537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes are known to be associated with development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and resultant mortality. In the present study, we examined the association between distribution frequency of ACE genotypes and COVID-19 mortality. METHODS We undertook an ecological study to examine the association between ACE genotypes and COVID-19 mortality across 25 countries to represent different geographical regions of the world. The population frequencies of ACE genotypes were drawn from previously published reports and data on COVID-19-related mortality were extracted from 'Worldometer'. Multivariable analyses were also undertaken adjusting for age (median age), sex (percentage of females) and the number of COVID-19 tests undertaken. Associations between genotypes deletion/deletion (DD) and insertion/insertion (II) prevalence and COVID-19-related mortality (per million people per day since the first diagnosed case) were evaluated. RESULTS The frequency of II genotype is highest in east Asian countries and lower among the European and African countries. An inverse geographical distribution frequency was noted for DD genotype. Increasing II genotype frequency was significantly associated with decreased COVID-19 mortality rates (adjusted incident rate ratio [IRR] 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002-0.7, p = 0.03). However, no association was found between DD genotype frequency and COVID-19 mortality rates (adjusted IRR 4.3, 95% CI: 0.5-41.2, p = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS Distribution frequency of ACE insertion/insertion (II) genotype may have a significant influence on COVID-19 mortality. This information has potential utility for resource planning at a systemic level, as well as for clinical management.
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Li J, Abedi V, Zand R, Griessenauer CJ. Replication of Top Loci From COL4A1/2 Associated With White Matter Hyperintensity Burden in Patients With Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2020; 51:3751-3755. [PMID: 33148145 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to replicate the top loci associated with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) phenotypes identified by large genome-wide association studies and the loci identified from the previous candidate gene studies. METHODS A total of 946 Geisinger MyCode patients with acute ischemic stroke with validated European ancestry and magnetic resonance imaging data were included in this study. Log-transformed WMH volume, as a quantitative trait, was calculated by a fully automated quantification process. The genome-wide association studies was carried out by a linear mixed regression model (GEMMA). A candidate-single nucleotide polymorphism analysis by including known single nucleotide polymorphisms, reported from a meta-analysis and several large GWAS for WMH, was conducted in all cases and binary converted extreme cases. RESULTS No genome-wide significantly associated variants were identified. In a candidate-single nucleotide polymorphism study, rs9515201 (COL4A2) and rs3744028 (TRIM65), 2 known genetic loci, showed nominal or trend of association with the WMH volume (β=0.13 and P=0.001 for rs9515201; β=0.094 and P=0.094 for rs3744028), and replicated in a subset of extreme cases versus controls (odds ratio=1.78, P=7.74×10-4 for rs9515201; odds ratio=1.53, P=0.047 for rs3744028, respectively). MTHFR677 cytosine/thymine (rs1801133) also showed an association with the binary WMH with odds ratio=1.47 for T allele (P=0.019). CONCLUSIONS Replication of COL4A1/2 associated with WMH reassures that the genetic risk factors for monogenic and polygenic ischemic stroke are shared at gene level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger, Danville, PA (J.L., V.A.)
| | - Vida Abedi
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger, Danville, PA (J.L., V.A.).,Biocomplexity Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg (V.A.)
| | | | - Ramin Zand
- Department of Neurology (R.Z.), Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA
| | - Christoph J Griessenauer
- Department of Neurosurgery (C.J.G.), Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA.,Research Institute of Neurointervention, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria (C.J.G.)
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Alves SMM, Alvarado-Arnês LE, Cavalcanti MDGADM, Carrazzone CDFV, Pacheco AGF, Sarteschi C, Moraes MO, de Oliveira WA, Medeiros CDA, Pessoa FG, Mady C, Lannes-Vieira J, Ramires FJA. Influence of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Gene Polymorphism in Progression of Chagas Heart Disease. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20190488. [PMID: 32638886 PMCID: PMC7341830 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0488-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. One-third of infected patients will develop the cardiac form, which may progress to heart failure (HF). However, the factors that determine disease progression remain unclear. Increased angiotensin II activity is a key player in the pathophysiology of HF. A functional polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is associated with plasma enzyme activity. In CD, ACE inhibitors have beneficial effects supporting the use of this treatment in chagasic cardiomyopathy. METHODS We evaluated the association of ACE I/D polymorphism with HF, performing a case-control study encompassing 343 patients with positive serology for CD staged as non-cardiomyopathy (stage A; 100), mild (stage B1; 144), and severe (stage C; 99) forms of Chagas heart disease. For ACE I/D genotyping by PCR, groups were compared using unconditional logistic regression analysis and adjusted for nongenetic covariates: age, sex, and trypanocidal treatment. RESULTS A marginal, but not significant (p=0.06) higher prevalence of ACE I/D polymorphism was observed in patients in stage C compared with patients in stage A. Patients in stage C (CD with HF), were compared with patients in stages A and B1 combined into one group (CD without HF); DD genotype/D carriers were prevalent in the HF patients (OR = 2; CI = 1.013.96; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our results of this cohort study, comprising a population from the Northeast region of Brazil, suggest that ACE I/D polymorphism is more prevalent in the cardiac form of Chagas disease with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marinho Martins Alves
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP,
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de
Biologia das Interações, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca, Pronto
Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE)/UPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Lúcia Elena Alvarado-Arnês
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de
Biologia das Interações, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de
Hanseníase, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Camila Sarteschi
- Realcor - Real Hospital Português de Beneficência, Recife, PE,
Brasil
| | - Milton Ozorio Moraes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de
Hanseníase, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Wilson Alves de Oliveira
- Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca, Pronto
Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE)/UPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Carolina de Araújo Medeiros
- Ambulatório de Doença de Chagas e Insuficiência Cardíaca, Pronto
Socorro Cardiológico de Pernambuco (PROCAPE)/UPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Gallinaro Pessoa
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP,
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Charles Mady
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP,
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de
Biologia das Interações, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Felix José Alvarez Ramires
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP,
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) is the most common cause of stroke throughout the world. It also increases the risk of recurrent stroke and dementia. As a complex and multifactorial disease, ICAS is influenced by multiple genetic, biological, and environmental factors. This review summarizes the candidate gene and genome-wide studies aimed at discovering genetic risk factors of ICAS. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous studies have focused on the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of atherosclerosis-related genes and the risk of ICAS. Variants in adiponectin Q (ADIPOQ), ring finger protein 213 (RNF213), apolipoprotein E (APOE), phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), α-adducin (ADD1) genes, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and other genes related to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system have been associated with ICAS. We review the available evidences on the candidate genes and SNPs associated with genetic susceptibility to ICAS, and point out future developments of this field. Genetic discoveries could have clinical implications for intracranial atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Liu
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jose Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W 168th Street, 6th floor, Suite 639, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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ACE-Triggered Hypertension Incites Stroke: Genetic, Molecular, and Therapeutic Aspects. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 22:194-209. [PMID: 31802381 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the second largest cause of death worldwide. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has emerged as an important player in the pathogenesis of hypertension and consequently stroke. It encodes ACE enzyme that converts the inactive decapeptide angiotensin I to active octapeptide, angiotensin II (Ang II). Dysregulation in the expression of ACE gene, on account of genetic variants or regulation by miRNAs, alters the levels of ACE in the circulation. Variable expression of ACE affects the levels of Ang II. Ang II acts through different signal transduction pathways via various tyrosine kinases (receptor/non-receptor) and protein serine/threonine kinases, initiating a downstream cascade of molecular events. In turn these activated molecular pathways might lead to hypertension and inflammation thereby resulting in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases including stroke. In order to regulate the overexpression of ACE, many ACE inhibitors and blockers have been developed, some of which are still under clinical trials.
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Anisimova AV, Gunchenko AS, Ikonnikova AY, Galkin SS, Avdonina MA, Nasedkina TV. [A clinical and genetic analysis of risk factors for the development of acute and chronic cerebral ischemia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:62-67. [PMID: 31184626 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911903262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To study the association between polymorphic markers in the ACE, SERPINE1, FGB, F5, F7, F12, GP1BA, GPIIIa, MTHFR, CYP11B2, PON1, PON2, NOS2, NOS2, HIFla, LTA, ALOX5AP genes and clinical characteristics of acute and chronic forms of circulatory disorders of the brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis of polymorphic variants in ACE, FGB, F5, F7, F12, GP1BA, GPIIIa, SERPINE1, MTHFR, CYP11B2, PON1, PON2, NOS2, NOS3, PDE4D, HIF1a, LTA, ALOX5AP in 81 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) and 69 patients with ischemic stroke (IS), and their interrelation with clinical manifestations of disease were investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The association between the T/T genotype of the PDE4D SNP 83C>T polymorphism and a rapid progression of hypertensive disease (GB) was revealed (OR=6.22, CI=1.86-20.79, p=0.0036) in the group of patients with CCI. The association of the allele D and the DD genotype of the ACE (I>D, rs1799752) with cardioembolic stroke (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.23-5.8, p=0.02 and OR=7.14, 95% CI=1.72-29.69, p=0.0057) was found. When comparing subgroups of patients with different degrees of stenosis of brachiocephalic arteries (BCA), the association of the allele C and the TC genotype of the GP1BA (rs2243093, -5T/C) with BCA occlusion and expressed hemodynamically significant stenosis (>75%) was revealed (OR=3.39, 95% CI=1.12-10.25, p=0.03 and OR=4.44, 95% CI=1.27-15.54, p=0.023, respectively). Thus, polymorphic markers in PDE4D, ACE, GP1BA in combination with certain clinical characteristics are risk factors for the progression of CCI and development of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Anisimova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Gunchenko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Ikonnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S S Galkin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Avdonina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Nasedkina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Lantz M, Sieurin J, Sjölander A, Waldenlind E, Sjöstrand C, Wirdefeldt K. Migraine and risk of stroke: a national population-based twin study. Brain 2017; 140:2653-2662. [PMID: 28969391 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated an increased risk for stroke in patients with migraine, especially migraine with aura; however, many studies used self-reported migraine and only a few controlled for familial factors. We aimed to investigate migraine as a risk factor for stroke in a Swedish population-based twin cohort, and whether familial factors contribute to an increased risk. The study population included twins without prior cerebrovascular disease who answered a headache questionnaire during 1998 and 2002 for twins born 1935-58 and during 2005-06 for twins born between 1959 and 1985. Migraine with and without aura and probable migraine was defined by an algorithm mapping on to clinical diagnostic criteria according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Stroke diagnoses were obtained from the national patient and cause of death registers. Twins were followed longitudinally, by linkage of national registers, from date of interview until date of first stroke, death, or end of study on 31 Dec 2014. In total, 8635 twins had any migraineous headache, whereof 3553 had migraine with aura and 5082 had non-aura migraineous headache (including migraine without aura and probable migraine), and 44 769 twins had no migraine. During a mean follow-up time of 11.9 years we observed 1297 incident cases of stroke. The Cox proportional hazards model with attained age as underlying time scale was used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for stroke including ischaemic and haemorrhagic subtypes related to migraine with aura, non-aura migraineous headache, and any migraineous headache. Analyses were adjusted for gender and cardiovascular risk factors. Where appropriate; within-pair analyses were performed to control for confounding by familial factors. The age- and gender-adjusted hazard ratio for stroke related to migraine with aura was 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.00-1.62), P = 0.05, and 1.07 (95% confidence interval 0.91-1.26), P = 0.39 related to any migraineous headache. Multivariable adjusted analyses showed similar results. When stratified by gender and attained age of ≤50 or >50 years, the estimated hazard ratio for stroke was higher in twins younger than 50 years and in females; however, non-significant. In the within-pair analysis, the hazard ratio for stroke related to migraine with aura was attenuated [hazard ratio 1.09 (95% confidence interval 0.81-1.46), P = 0.59]. In conclusion, we observed no increased stroke risk related to migraine overall but there was a modestly increased risk for stroke related to migraine with aura, and within-pair analyses suggested that familial factors might contribute to this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lantz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Sieurin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arvid Sjölander
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Waldenlind
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Sjöstrand
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fawzy MS, Toraih EA, Aly NM, Fakhr-Eldeen A, Badran DI, Hussein MH. Atherosclerotic and thrombotic genetic and environmental determinants in Egyptian coronary artery disease patients: a pilot study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:26. [PMID: 28086795 PMCID: PMC5237236 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multiple genetic variants in combination with various environmental risk factors have been implicated. This study aimed to investigate the association of twelve thrombotic and atherosclerotic gene variants in combination with other environmental risk factors with CAD risk in a preliminary sample of Egyptian CAD patients. METHODS Twenty three consecutive CAD patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography and 34 unrelated controls, have been enrolled in the study. Genotyping was based on polymerase chain reaction and reverse multiplex hybridization. Five genetic association models were tested. Data distribution and variance homogeneity have been checked by Shapiro-Wilk test and Levene test, respectively; then the appropriate comparison test was applied. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis and logistic regression has been performed to adjust for significant risk factors. Clustering the study participants according to gene-gene and gene-environment interaction has been done by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). RESULTS The univariate analysis indicated that the five variants; rs1800595 (FVR2; factor 5), rs1801133 (MTHFR; 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase), rs5918 (HPA-1; human platelet antigen 1), rs1799752 (ACE; angiotensin-converting enzyme), and rs7412 and rs429358 (ApoE; apolipoprotein E) were significantly associated with CAD susceptibility under different genetic models. Multivariate analysis revealed clustering of the study population into three patient groups (P) and one control group. FVR2 was the most variant associated with CAD patients, combined with the factor V Leiden (FVL) variant in P1 cluster and with both ACE and MTHFR 667C > T in P2. Whereas, P3 was mostly affected by both MTHFR 667C > T and FXIII (factor 13) V89L mutations. When combined with traditional risk factors, P1 was mostly affected by dyslipidemia, smoking and hypertension, while P2 was mostly affected by their fasting blood sugar levels and ApoE variant. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these preliminary results could have predictive value to be applied in refining a risk profile for our CAD patients, in order to implement early preventive interventions including specific antithrombotic therapy. Further large scale and follow-up studies are highly recommended to confirm the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Toraih
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology (Genetics Unit), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Nagwa M Aly
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abeer Fakhr-Eldeen
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Dahlia I Badran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Kamberi B, Kamberi F, Spiroski M. Vascular Genetic Variants and Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility in Albanians from the Republic of Macedonia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:556-564. [PMID: 28028391 PMCID: PMC5175499 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute first-ever ischemic stroke (FIS) is a heterogeneous, polygenic disorder. The contribution of vascular genetic variants as inherited causes of ischemic stroke has remained controversial. AIM To examine the association of genetic variants in vascular factors with the occurrence of FIS. MATERIAL AND METHODS The current research was performed in a group of 39 patients with FIS (study group) and 102 healthy volunteers (control group). We analyzed the prevalence of vascular genetic variants in following genes: factor V, prothrombin, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), factor XIII, plasminogen activator 1, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein E, β-fibrinogen, human platelet antigen 1, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and lymphotoxin alpha. RESULTS It was found that heterozygous LTA 804C>A and FXIII V34L Leu/Leu were significantly more frequent in patients with FIS than in control group (p = 0.036 and p = 0.017, respectively). The frequency of FXIII V34L Val/Val was significantly lower in patients with FIS than in control group (p = 0.020). Other frequencies of vascular gene variants in patients with FIS and in control group were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive study to present data indicating that polymorphism of vascular genes in the prevalence of acute FIS exists in the Albanian population from the Republic of Macedonia. Variations in these genes have been detected in patients with acute FIS, suggesting that their combination might act in a susceptible or protective manner in this Albanian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bajram Kamberi
- Neurological Department, Clinical Hospital, Tetovo, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Farije Kamberi
- School Medical Centre, “Nikolla Shtejn” Tetovo, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Mirko Spiroski
- Institute of Immunobiology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Correlation of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with rheumatic heart disease: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160151. [PMID: 27758878 PMCID: PMC5293560 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a serious cardiovascular disorder worldwide. Several articles have reported the effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism in RHD risk. However, the results still remain inconsistent. The objective of the present study was to assess more precise estimations of the relationship between ACE I/D variant and RHD susceptibility. Relevant case–control studies published between January 2000 and 2016 were searched in the electronic databases. The odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed to calculate the strength of the effect. A total of nine articles were retrieved, including 1333 RHD patients and 1212 healthy controls. Overall, our result did not detect a significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism and RHD risk under each genetic model (P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed no positive relationship in Asians as well (P > 0.05). With respect to the severity of RHD, our result found that the frequency differences between mitral valve lesion (MVL), combined valve lesion (CVL) and healthy controls were not significantly different. Furthermore, no significant association was found between female, male RHD patients and the controls regarding to the ACE I/D polymorphism. In conclusion, our result indicated that ACE I/D polymorphism might not be a risk factor for RHD progression based on the existing research results. Additional well-designed studies with larger samples are still needed to confirm these findings.
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Chou PS, Wu MN, Chou MC, Chien I, Yang YH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and the longitudinal progression of Alzheimer's disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 17:1544-1550. [PMID: 27862810 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism is considered a biologically plausible gene for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in cross-sectional studies. The present study aimed to investigate the longitudinal effect of ACE I/D polymorphism on AD progression. METHODS This 3-year observational study investigated the longitudinal effect of ACE I/D polymorphism on AD progression. Clinically diagnosed AD patients with a clinical dementia rating (CDR) of 0.5 or 1 were enrolled in the study. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument (CASI) and the CDR scale were carried out for all patients on the date of the initial interview and 36 ± 6 months after the initial evaluation. RESULTS A total of 177 patients with sporadic AD were enrolled in this study. Among all patients, those with the I/I genotype showed a higher risk of CDR deterioration (I/I versus I/D + D/D: adjusted OR 2.103, 95% CI 1.113-3.972; adjusted P = 0.022). Among 74 AD patients without hypertension, those with the I/I genotype showed significantly greater differences in the MMSE, CASI and the CDR-sum of box scores, and a higher risk of CDR deterioration (I/I versus I/D + D/D: adjusted OR 3.255, 95% CI 1.099-9.639; adjusted P = 0.033) after adjustment for possible confounders during the 3-year follow up. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AD who were homozygous for the I allele presented with a more rapid AD deterioration than did those who had other ACE genotypes, particularly those patients without hypertension. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1544-1550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Song Chou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ni Wu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I Chien
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Han Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of and Master's Program in Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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de Carvalho SS, Simões e Silva AC, Sabino ADP, Evangelista FCG, Gomes KB, Dusse LMS, Rios DRA. Influence of ACE I/D Polymorphism on Circulating Levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, D-Dimer, Ultrasensitive C-Reactive Protein and Transforming Growth Factor β1 in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150613. [PMID: 27022914 PMCID: PMC4811575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is substantial evidence that chronic renal and cardiovascular diseases are associated with coagulation disorders, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and fibrosis. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion polymorphism (ACE I/D polymorphism) has also be linked to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to compare plasma levels of ultrassensible C-reactive protein (usCRP), PAI-1, D-dimer and TGF-β1 in patients undergoing HD with different ACE I/D polymorphisms. METHODS The study was performed in 138 patients at ESRD under hemodialysis therapy for more than six months. The patients were divided into three groups according to the genotype. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood cells (leukocytes). ACE I/D polymorphism was investigated by single polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Plasma levels of D-dimer, PAI-1 and TGF-β1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the determination of plasma levels of usCRP was performed by immunonephelometry. Data were analyzed by the software SigmaStat 2.03. RESULTS Clinical characteristics were similar in patients with these three ACE I/D polymorphisms, except for interdialytic weight gain. I allele could be associated with higher interdialytic weight gain (P = 0.017). Patients genotyped as DD and as ID had significantly higher levels of PAI-1 than those with II genotype. Other laboratory parameters did not significantly differ among the three subgroups (P = 0.033). Despite not reaching statistical significance, plasma levels of usCRP were higher in patients carrying the D allele. CONCLUSION ACE I/D polymorphisms could be associated with changes in the regulation of sodium, fibrinolytic system, and possibly, inflammation. Our data showed that high levels of PAI-1 are detected when D allele is present, whereas greater interdialytic gain is associated with the presence of I allele. However, further studies with different experimental designs are necessary to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santos de Carvalho
- Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis/MG – Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine – Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG – Brazil
| | - Adriano de Paula Sabino
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG – Brazil
| | | | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG – Brazil
| | - Luci Maria SantAna Dusse
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte/MG – Brazil
| | - Danyelle Romana Alves Rios
- Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis/MG – Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Aggarwal P, Agarwal N, Das N, Dalal K. Association of polymorphisms in angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with gestational diabetes mellitus in Indian women. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2016; 6:31-7. [PMID: 26958520 PMCID: PMC4765272 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516x.174006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Numerous genes have been reported in relation with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the findings were not consistently replicated across populations, or there have been no detailed studies on them. Previous literatures suggested that, out of all angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms, only ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphism has a strong association with GDM in Asian Indian women. Aim: This study was devoted to evaluate the association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ACE A240T, C1237T, G2350A and I/D with GDM and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: This study recruited 105 GDM cases, 119 Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects and 120 controls. PCR-RFLP was used for identifying genotypes of ACE A240T, C1237T and G2350A and PCR was performed in the case of ACE I/D. Results: Significant associations of ACE SNP's, C1237T, and G2350A with GDM were observed. Haplotype analysis revealed the remarkably significant evidence of association with SNP combination ACE A240T, C1237T, G2350A, and I/D with GDM patients (P = 0.024). Individuals possessing haplotype “TTAI” (frequency 30% in GDM and 0 in controls) derived from these SNPs had 185 fold increased risk of developing GDM (95% of confidence interval: 11.13–3102.15), which was highest when compared with other 15 haplotypes. Conclusion: Shorter-range haplotypes were also significant, but the only consistently associated alleles were found to be in ACE C1237T, G2350A, and I/D. These results suggested that the variant in close proximity to ACE C1237T, G2350A and/or I/D modulates susceptibility to GDM and noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Indian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Aggarwal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nutan Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nibhriti Das
- Formerly Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Dalal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ye Z, Ye Q, Shao B, He J, Zhu Z, Cheng J, Chen Y, Chen S, Huang X. Association between alpha-1 antichymotrypsin gene A/T polymorphism and primary intracerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:20796-20804. [PMID: 26885003 PMCID: PMC4723848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study is to use meta-analysis to explain the association between alpha-1 antichymotrypsin (ACT) gene A/T polymorphism and the risk of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH). Relevant studies before 1 June 2015 were identified by searching PubMed, Cochrane database and Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), and the references of retrieved articles. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Five independent publications, with 774 PICH cases and 940 controls, were included. There was no statistical evidence of association between ACT polymorphism and PICH risk under all genetic models in overall estimates (allele model: OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.80-1.28; heterozygote model: OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.60-1.45; homozygote model: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.59-1.80; dominant model: OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.65-1.46; recessive model: OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.72-1.57). No association was found in subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, location of hematoma and blood pressure. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the combined results were stable and reliable. No significant publication bias was found by Begg's test and Egger's regression test. The results of our meta-analysis indicate that ACT polymorphism is unlikely to contribute to PICH susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zusen Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Bei Shao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Jincai He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Siyan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Wenzhou Central Hospital & Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, P. R. China
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Gorukmez O, Sag ŞO, Gorukmez Ö, Ture M, Topak A, Sahinturk S, Ozkaya G, Gulten T, Ali R, Yakut T. Association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphisms with JAK2V617F-positive polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:303-8. [PMID: 25955555 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system contributes to cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation in the bone marrow. We investigated the role of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism in 108 polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocytosis (ET) patients who were positive for the JAK2V617F mutation, with a thrombosis group (TG) of 95 patients who had a history of vascular events, but did not have a history of myeloproliferative neoplasms and compared these to a healthy control group (CG) of 72 subjects. In the patients, II genotype and I allele frequency (p=0.009, odds ratio [OR]=9.716, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.242-76.00, p=0.004, OR=2.019, 95% CI=1.243-3.280, respectively) were found to be higher than those in the controls. The DD genotype (p=0.021, OR=0.491, 95% CI=0.268-0.899) and D allele (p=0.004, OR=0.495, 95% CI=0.305-0.805) were found to be correlated with a decreased risk of a myeloproliferative neoplasm. These findings support the hypothesis that the ACE II genotype and I allele may be related to increased risk of ET and PV. Conversely, the DD genotype and D allele may be related to decreased risk of ET and PV. The results also indicated that the ACE I/D gene polymorphism was independent of thrombosis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Gorukmez
- 1 Şevket Yılmaz Training and Research Hospital , Medical Genetics Unit, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Şebnem Ozemri Sag
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Uludag University , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Özlem Gorukmez
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Uludag University , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ture
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Uludag University , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ali Topak
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Uludag University , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Serdar Sahinturk
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Uludag University , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Güven Ozkaya
- 3 Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Uludag University , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Tuna Gulten
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Uludag University , Bursa, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Ali
- 4 Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Uludag University , Bursa
| | - Tahsin Yakut
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Uludag University , Bursa, Turkey
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Palmirotta R, Barbanti P, Ludovici G, De Marchis ML, Ialongo C, Egeo G, Aurilia C, Fofi L, Abete P, Spila A, Ferroni P, Della-Morte D, Guadagni F. Association between migraine and ACE gene (insertion/deletion) polymorphism: the BioBIM study. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:147-55. [PMID: 24444405 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM In the present case-control study, we investigated the correlation between the common ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and migraine. MATERIALS & METHODS Genotyping of the ACE I/D variant was performed in 502 Caucasian patients with migraine and 323 age-, sex- and race/ethnicity-matched healthy controls. We investigated associations between ACE genetic variants and sociodemographic and/or clinical features of migraineurs. RESULTS We found a significant association between ACE insertion/insertion (I/I) polymorphism and lower use of pharmacological prophylaxis in migraine patients with aura and in those with chronic migraine. Moreover, ACE I/I polymorphism was significantly more common in migraine patients with aura who had a negative family history of migraine. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that although the ACE I/D polymorphism is not a direct risk factor for migraine, the ACE I/I genotype may influence the clinical feature of this disease being associated with reduced use of prophylactic agents in patients with migraine with aura and in those with chronic migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Interinstitutional Multidisciplinary BioBank (BioBIM), Department of Advanced Biotechnologies & Bioimaging, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Choi JC. Genetics of cerebral small vessel disease. J Stroke 2015; 17:7-16. [PMID: 25692103 PMCID: PMC4325630 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2015.17.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is an important cause of stroke and cognitive impairment among the elderly and is a more frequent cause of stroke in Asia than in the US or Europe. Although traditional risk factors such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus are important in the development of cerebral SVD, the exact pathogenesis is still uncertain. Both, twin and family history studies suggest heritability of sporadic cerebral SVD, while the candidate gene study and the genome-wide association study (GWAS) are mainly used in genetic research. Robust associations between the candidate genes and occurrence of various features of sporadic cerebral SVD, such as lacunar infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, or white matter hyperintensities, have not yet been elucidated. GWAS, a relatively new technique, overcomes several shortcomings of previous genetic techniques, enabling the detection of several important genetic loci associated with cerebral SVD. In addition to the more common, sporadic cerebral SVD, several single-gene disorders causing cerebral SVD have been identified. The number of reported cases is increasing as the clinical features become clear and diagnostic examinations are more readily available. These include cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, COL4A1-related cerebral SVD, autosomal dominant retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy, and Fabry disease. These rare single-gene disorders are expected to play a crucial role in our understanding of cerebral SVD pathogenesis by providing animal models for the identification of cellular, molecular, and biochemical changes underlying cerebral small vessel damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Chol Choi
- Department of Neurology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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Sun L, Zhang Z, Ma M, Xu G, Liu X. A quantitative assessment of the association between 1425G/A polymorphism in PRKCH and risk of stroke. Neuromolecular Med 2014; 16:814-20. [PMID: 25272991 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-014-8330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies suggested an association between 1425G/A polymorphism in PRKCH and stroke risk, but the results were inconsistent. To obtain a more precise estimation, we carried out a meta-analysis to analyze the effect of 1425G/A SNP in PRKCH on stroke risk. We searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and WANFANG Data for all eligible case-control studies through April 2014. The odds ratios (ORs), together with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated to evaluate the strength of association between 1425G/A SNP and stroke risk. Overall, seven eligible studies involving a total of 4,574 cases and 5,471 controls were included in our meta-analysis. The results showed that the variant genotypes of 1425G/A polymorphism in PRKCH were significantly associated with a higher risk of stroke in all genetic models (GA vs. GG: OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.24-1.47, P < 0.001; AA vs. GG: OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.24-1.82, P < 0.001; GA/AA vs. GG: OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.26-1.49, P < 0.001; AA vs. GA/GG OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12-1.62, P = 0.002; A vs. G: OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.21-1.39, P < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, significantly increased risks were also observed for ischemic stroke, larger sample size (>1,000) and population-based studies. The result of our meta-analysis indicated that the 1425G/A SNP in PRKCH may contribute to susceptibility of stroke, especially for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Sun
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 305# East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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Vijayan M, Chinniah R, Ravi PM, Mosses Joseph AK, Vellaiappan NA, Krishnan JI, Karuppiah B. ACE-II genotype and I allele predicts ischemic stroke among males in south India. Meta Gene 2014; 2:661-9. [PMID: 25606450 PMCID: PMC4287818 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two hundred ischemic stroke patients and 193 age and sex matched healthy controls were studied for the presence of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (ACE I/D) gene polymorphism. The PCR studies revealed that ACE 'II' (OR = 2.055; p = 0.004) genotype and 'I' (OR = 1.411; p = 0.018) alleles were significantly associated with IS patients. Gender specific analysis revealed a strong association of 'II' (OR = 2.044; p = 0.014) genotype and 'I' (OR = 1.531; p = 0.011) allele with male sex. Classification of patients based on TOAST criteria, revealed a significant association for 'II' genotype (OR = 1.713; p = 0.043) and 'I' (OR = 1.382; p = 0.039) allele in LVD patients only. When the data was stratified based on age and sex, a statistically significant association was observed for ACE 'II' genotype (OR = 2.288; p = 0.006) and 'I' allele (OR = 1.395; p = 0.054) in IS male patients of > 50 years of age. The ACE 'D' allele was found to be increased in controls (OR = 0.709; p = 0.018) than IS patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that smoking and diabetes were the most powerful independent risk factor in LVD type of stroke. Thus, we presented here an evidence for a strong association of ACE 'II' genotype and 'I' allele compounded by factors such as smoking and diabetes among south Indian IS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Vijayan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rathika Chinniah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Padma Malini Ravi
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | | | - Balakrishnan Karuppiah
- Department of Immunology, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai-625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhao J, Qin X, Li S, Zeng Z. Association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and risk of ischemic stroke: an updated meta-analysis of 47,026 subjects from 105 case-control studies. J Neurol Sci 2014; 345:37-47. [PMID: 25082780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism and risk of ischemic stroke (IS) remains controversial and ambiguous. To clarify this association, a large meta-analysis was performed. METHODS Electronic databases in both English and Chinese were used to identify relevant studies (updated in February 2014). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to describe the strength of the association. RESULTS One hundred and fifty eligible studies, including 18,258 IS cases and 28,768 controls, were identified. Meta-analysis of these studies pointed to a significant association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and IS risk: (D vs. I: OR=1.354, 95% CI=1.272-1.440, P<0.001; DD vs. II: OR=1.755, 95% CI=1.561-1.973, P<0.001; ID vs. II: OR=1.178, 95% CI=1.098-1.263, P<0.001; DD vs. ID/II OR=1.535, 95% CI=1.399-1.684, P<0.001; DD/ID vs. II: OR=1.353, 95% CI=1.251-1.463, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed a significantly elevated risk among Asians, but with borderline statistical significance among Caucasians. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that the ACE I/D polymorphism may be a genetic susceptibility factor for IS, especially among Asians, but with borderline statistical significance for Caucasians. Further investigations are needed to validate our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyang Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Zhiyu Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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Endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) gene G894T and VNTR polymorphisms are closely associated with the risk of ischemic stroke development for Asians: meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:2571-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kumar A, Vivekanandhan S, Srivastava A, Tripathi M, Padma Srivastava MV, Saini N, Kumar P, Prasad K. Association between angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and ischemic stroke in north Indian population: a case-control study and meta-analysis. Neurol Res 2014; 36:786-94. [PMID: 24620983 DOI: 10.1179/1743132814y.0000000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion polymorphism and serum ACE level in north Indian patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS In the present study, 224 ischemic stroke patients and 224 age- and sex-matched control participants were recruited. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Serum ACE levels were measured by colorimetric method. Our results were integrated with other reported studies from India for a meta-analysis. RESULTS We observed that DD genotypes were more frequently distributed in cases (32·6%) compared with controls (26·8%). Borderline significance was observed between DD genotype and risk of small vessel disease (SVD) stroke as compared to controls (OR, 1·9; 95% CI, 0·88-4·4; P value 0·09) assuming dominant model of inheritance. The mean ACE serum level in IU/l for II, ID, and DD genotypes were 17·1 ± 7·7, 26 ± 12·4, and 51·3 ± 21 (P value < 0·001) in cases and 16·5 ± 9·4, 26·8 ± 13, and 45·19 ± 18·3 (P value < 0·001) in controls, respectively. DISCUSSION The results of the study show lack of significant association between ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism and ischemic stroke, however, higher risk was observed with DD genotype in small vessel disease stroke, but with borderline significance. Meta-analysis of studies from India showed that DD genotype is associated with risk of ischemic stroke.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and small vessel cerebral stroke in Indian population. Int J Vasc Med 2014; 2014:305309. [PMID: 24523965 PMCID: PMC3913494 DOI: 10.1155/2014/305309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Hypertension is an established risk factor for small-vessel cerebral stroke and the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the maintenance of blood pressure. We aimed at evaluating the contribution of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism to the risk of small-vessel stroke in south Indian population. Materials and Methods. We investigated 128 patients diagnosed with small-vessel stroke and 236 age, and gender-matched healthy controls. ACE I/D polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results. Hypertension was significantly more prevalent in the patient group and was associated with 6-fold increase in risk for stroke. ACE genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both patients and controls. Prevalence of DD, ID, and II genotypes in cases (34.4%, 43.7%, and 28%) did not differ significantly from controls (31.8%, 43.2%, and 25%). The polymorphism was not associated with small-vessel stroke (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.52–1.55). However, diastolic blood pressure was associated with the ACE I/D genotypes in the patients. (DD; 90.2 ± 14.2> ID; 86.2 ± 11.9> II; 82.3 ± 7.8 mm Hg, P = 0.047). Conclusion. Our study showed that hypertension, but not ACE I/D polymorphism, increased the risk of small-vessel stroke.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene variants are associated with both cortisol secretion and late-life depression. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e322. [PMID: 24193727 PMCID: PMC3849962 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is assumed to influence the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, which shows hyperactivity in depressed patients. ACE could thus be a promising candidate gene for late-life depression but this has not been examined previously. Depression was assessed in 1005 persons aged at least 65 years, at baseline and over the 10-year follow-up. A clinical level of depression (DEP) was defined as having a score of > or =16 on the Centre for Epidemiology Studies-Depression scale or a diagnosis of current major depression based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and according to DSM-IV criteria. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ACE gene were genotyped and diurnal cortisol secretion, as an index of HPA axis activity, was measured. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for socio-demographic and vascular factors, cognitive impairment, and apolipoprotein E. Strong significant associations were found between all seven SNPs and DEP and, in particular, first-onset DEP in persons without a past history of depression (P-values ranging from 0.005 to 0.0004). These associations remained significant after correction for multiple testing. The genotypes that were associated with an increased risk of DEP were also significantly associated with an increase in cortisol secretion under stress conditions. Variants of the ACE gene influence cortisol secretion and appear as susceptibility factors for late-life depression in the elderly population. Whether this could represent a common pathophysiological mechanism linking HPA axis and late-life depression remains to be explored.
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Interleukin-16 polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:564750. [PMID: 24288444 PMCID: PMC3833071 DOI: 10.1155/2013/564750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental data have demonstrated that inflammation plays fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Interleukin-16 (IL-16) is identified as a proinflammatory cytokine that is a key element in the ischemic cascade after cerebral ischemia. We aimed to examine the relationship between the IL-16 polymorphisms and the risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population. A total of 198 patients with ischemic stroke and 236 controls were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing method. We found that the rs11556218TG genotype and G allele of IL-16 were associated with significantly increased risks of ischemic stroke (TG versus TT, adjusted OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.15-3.07; G versus T, adjusted OR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.05-2.27, resp.). However, there were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-16 rs4778889 T/C and rs4072111 C/T polymorphisms between the two groups, even after stratification analyses by age, gender, and the presence or absence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. These findings indicate that the IL-16 polymorphism may be related to the etiology of ischemic stroke in the Chinese population.
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Garatachea N, Marín PJ, Lucia A. The ACE DD genotype and D-allele are associated with exceptional longevity: a meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:1079-87. [PMID: 23623925 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ACE I/D polymorphism has been associated with longevity, although not consistently. The objective of this study was to detect the possible unequal distribution of the alleles and genotypes of this polymorphism among centenarians and younger segments of the population. Relevant data were extracted from studies in the literature, comparing genotype and allele frequencies between centenarians and younger controls. The association of ACE I/D polymorphism with exceptional longevity was analyzed in a total of 1803 centenarians and 10,484 controls using the chi-square test with the Yates correction. We conducted combined analyses for all ethnic groups studied in the literature (Caucasian, Chinese and Korean) as well as for Caucasians only. The DD genotype (odds ratio (OR): 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.54), P=0.032) and the D-allele were more frequent in Caucasian centenarians compared with their younger controls (OR: 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05-1.28), P<0.001). Similar findings were obtained when all ethnic origin groups were included in the analyses, with no evidence of publication bias or heterogeneity (P>0.05). The present meta-analysis indicates that the ACE D-allele and the DD genotype might confer a modest, albeit significant advantage to reach exceptional longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garatachea
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.
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40
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Liu Y, Li P, Hu X, Hu Y, Sun HG, Ma WC, Qiao F, He M, You C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and risk of intracranial aneurysm in a Chinese population. J Int Med Res 2013; 41:1079-87. [PMID: 23847294 DOI: 10.1177/0300060513487625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene polymorphisms and intracranial aneurysm (IA) has been studied in Caucasian and Japanese populations. The present study aimed to investigate this association in a Chinese population. Methods Patients with confirmed IA and age- and sex-matched control subjects without evidence of IA were enrolled. ACE I/D gene polymorphisms were analysed using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results A total of 220 patients with IA and 220 matched controls were enrolled. In the IA group, 64, 106 and 50 patients were of the II, ID and DD genotypes, respectively, compared with 44, 99 and 77 subjects in the control group. The ACE DD genotype and D allele frequencies were significantly lower in the IA group compared with the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in the site, shape, size and Fisher Grade of aneurysms between genotypes in patients with IA. Conclusion The ACE DD genotype may be a protective factor for IA in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao-Gen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Liang B, Qin L, Wei H, Yan Y, Su L, Wu G, Tan J, Gu L. AGT M235T polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk: a meta-analysis. J Neurol Sci 2013; 331:118-25. [PMID: 23790236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the association between AGT M235T polymorphism and ischemic stroke (IS) has attracted widespread attention, and many investigations have been performed. However, the results were inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to further evaluate the association between M235T and IS. All of the relevant studies were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medical Literature database (CBM), Chinese Wanfang and Chongqing VIP database up to January 2013. Statistical analyses were conducted with STATA software version 11.1. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval were applied to evaluate the strength of the association. We performed the cumulative meta-analysis to assess the tendency of pooled OR over time. Heterogeneity was evaluated by Q-test and the I(2) statistic. The funnel plots and Egger's regression test were used to assess the publication bias. A significant association between AGT M235T polymorphism and IS was found under the dominant model (OR=1.368, 95% CI=1.070-1.749), recessive model (OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.310-2.103), over-dominant model (OR=1.285, 95% CI=1.085-1.523), co-dominant model (OR=1.574, 95% CI=1.276-1.942) and allele model (OR=1.447, 95% CI=1.207-1.735). Besides the Caucasian and the population-based controls, significant association could be found in the subgroup analysis of Asian and hospital-based controls. Results from cumulative analysis showed a tendency of significant association of this polymorphism with IS. However, the opposite trend was observed among Caucasians. Results from our meta-analysis indicated that the AGT M235T polymorphism might be a risk factor for IS among Asians, but not for Caucasians. More studies are required to further confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyun Liang
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Martínez-Rodríguez N, Posadas-Romero C, Villarreal-Molina T, Vallejo M, Del-Valle-Mondragón L, Ramírez-Bello J, Valladares A, Cruz-López M, Vargas-Alarcón G. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene are associated with essential hypertension and increased ACE enzyme levels in Mexican individuals. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65700. [PMID: 23741507 PMCID: PMC3669228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the role of the ACE gene polymorphisms in the risk of essential hypertension in Mexican Mestizo individuals and evaluate the correlation between these polymorphisms and the serum ACE levels. METHODS Nine ACE gene polymorphisms were genotyped by 5' exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 239 hypertensive and 371 non- hypertensive Mexican individuals. Haplotypes were constructed after linkage disequilibrium analysis. ACE serum levels were determined in selected individuals according to different haplotypes. RESULTS Under a dominant model, rs4291 rs4335, rs4344, rs4353, rs4362, and rs4363 polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of hypertension after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, triglycerides, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Five polymorphisms (rs4335, rs4344, rs4353, rs4362 and rs4363) were in strong linkage disequilibrium and were included in four haplotypes: H1 (AAGCA), H2 (GGATG), H3 (AGATG), and H4 (AGACA). Haplotype H1 was associated with decreased risk of hypertension, while haplotype H2 was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR = 0.77, P = 0.023 and OR = 1.41, P = 0.004 respectively). According to the codominant model, the H2/H2 and H1/H2 haplotype combinations were significantly associated with risk of hypertension after adjusted by age, gender, BMI, triglycerides, alcohol consumption, and smoking (OR = 2.0; P = 0.002 and OR = 2.09; P = 0.011, respectively). Significant elevations in serum ACE concentrations were found in individuals with the H2 haplotype (H2/H2 and H2/H1) as compared to H1/H1 individuals (P = 0.0048). CONCLUSION The results suggest that single nucleotide polymorphisms and the "GGATG" haplotype of the ACE gene are associated with the development of hypertension and with increased ACE enzyme levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Martínez-Rodríguez
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICH), Mexico City, Mexico
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Huang Y, Li G, Lan H, Zhao G, Huang C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 15:32-8. [PMID: 23477969 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313481838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the association between the intron 16 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have reported conflicting results. We here performed a meta-analysis based on the evidence currently available from the literature to make a more precise estimation of this relationship. Published literature from the National Library of Medline and Embase databases were retrieved. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence limits (CLs) were calculated in fixed- or random-effects models when appropriate. Subgroup analyses were performed by race. This meta-analysis included six case-control studies, which included 744 ICH cases and 1411 controls. The combined results based on all studies showed that ICH cases had a significantly lower frequency of ID genotype (OR (codominant model) = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.22, 0.84, p = 0.01). In the subgroup analysis by race, we found that ICH cases had a significantly lower frequency of II genotype in Asians (OR (recessive model) = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.38, 0.66, p < 0.001; OR (codominant model) = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.09, 0.71, p = 0.009). In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that ACE I/D polymorphisms are associated with ICH, especially in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangxi Minzu Hospital, China
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Abstract
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE, or DCP1) is a zinc metallopeptidase that converts angiotensin I into the vasoactive and aldosterone-stimulating peptide angiotensin II and cleaves bradykinin into inactive peptides. Plasma ACE measurement is widely used for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. While enzyme concentrations are highly stable in an individual, there is a high level of interindividual variability. In 1990, we identified an insertion/deletion polymorphism in ACE that functions as a quantitative trait locus (QTL), accounting for half of the interindividual variability. Since then, technological advances have allowed for the elucidation of expression QTLs (eQTL). Such studies are allowing researchers to determine how underlying genetic predisposition contributes to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Soubrier
- Genetics Department, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and UMR_S 956 UPMC-INSERM. 91 bvd de l’hôpital, Paris, France.
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Della-Morte D, Guadagni F, Palmirotta R, Ferroni P, Rundek T. Research Highlights: Highlights from the latest articles in stroke pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14:13-4. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.12.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Della-Morte
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th Street, Room 1363, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Fiorella Guadagni
- Department of Advanced Biotechnologies & Bioimaging, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Advanced Biotechnologies & Bioimaging, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ferroni
- Department of Advanced Biotechnologies & Bioimaging, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Clinical Research Building, 1120 NW 14th Street, Room 1363, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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