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Poddar A, Ahmady F, Rao SR, Sharma R, Kannourakis G, Prithviraj P, Jayachandran A. The role of pregnancy associated plasma protein-A in triple negative breast cancer: a promising target for achieving clinical benefits. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:23. [PMID: 38395880 PMCID: PMC10885503 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) plays an integral role in breast cancer (BC), especially triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). This subtype accounts for the most aggressive BC, possesses high tumor heterogeneity, is least responsive to standard treatments and has the poorest clinical outcomes. There is a critical need to address the lack of effective targeted therapeutic options available. PAPP-A is a protein that is highly elevated during pregnancy. Frequently, higher PAPP-A expression is detected in tumors than in healthy tissues. The increase in expression coincides with increased rates of aggressive cancers. In BC, PAPP-A has been demonstrated to play a role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as acting as a biomarker for predicting patient outcomes. In this review, we present the role of PAPP-A, with specific focus on TNBC. The structure and function of PAPP-A, belonging to the pappalysin subfamily, and its proteolytic activity are assessed. We highlight the link of BC and PAPP-A with respect to the IGFBP/IGF axis, EMT, the window of susceptibility and the impact of pregnancy. Importantly, the relevance of PAPP-A as a TNBC clinical marker is reviewed and its influence on immune-related pathways are explored. The relationship and mechanisms involving PAPP-A reveal the potential for more treatment options that can lead to successful immunotherapeutic targets and the ability to assist with better predicting clinical outcomes in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Poddar
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia
- RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Farah Ahmady
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sushma R Rao
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Revati Sharma
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prashanth Prithviraj
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aparna Jayachandran
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Victoria, Australia.
- Federation University, Victoria, Australia.
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Abhari S, Lu J, Hipp HS, Petritis B, Gerkowicz SA, Katler QS, Yen HH, Mao Y, Tang H, Shang W, McKenzie LJ, Smith AK, Huang RP, Knight AK. A Case-Control Study of Follicular Fluid Cytokine Profiles in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:2515-2524. [PMID: 34738218 PMCID: PMC10201686 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian reserve is an important determinant of a woman's reproductive potential, and women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) often seek in vitro fertilization (IVF). The underlying etiology of DOR is unknown, but follicular fluid cytokine concentrations likely play a role in follicular development and maturation. The present study seeks to investigate the expression of cytokines in follicular fluid (FF) of women with DOR undergoing IVF and explore correlated functional pathways. One hundred ninety-four women undergoing ovarian stimulation were recruited at the time of oocyte retrieval. Women were classified as having DOR if they met one or more of the following criteria: AMH < 1 ng/ml, FSH > 10 mIU/ml, and/or AFC < 10. Controls included women undergoing IVF for male factor, tubal factor due to tubal ligation, or planned oocyte cryopreservation (non-oncologic). The concentrations of 480 cytokines and related growth factors in follicular fluid were determined using a multiplex immunoassay. Fifty-nine cytokines had significantly different concentrations (53 higher and 6 lower) in the DOR relative to the control group after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI) (false discovery rate; FDR < 0.1). Using the most informative 44 biomarkers as indicated by a random forest (RF) model, an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 was obtained. Thus, follicular microenvironment differs between women with DOR and normal ovarian reserve. The differentially expressed cytokines belong to diverse processes that are primarily involved in follicular maturation and ovulation. These changes may play an important role in treatment outcomes in women with DOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Abhari
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree Street, NE Suite 1800, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
| | - Jingqiao Lu
- RayBiotech Life, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA, 30092, USA
| | - Heather S Hipp
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree Street, NE Suite 1800, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
| | - Brianne Petritis
- RayBiotech Life, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA, 30092, USA
| | | | - Quinton S Katler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree Street, NE Suite 1800, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
| | - Haw-Han Yen
- RayBiotech Life, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA, 30092, USA
| | - Yingqing Mao
- RayBiotech Life, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA, 30092, USA
| | - Hao Tang
- RayBiotech Life, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA, 30092, USA
| | - Weirong Shang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Emory University School of Medicine, 550 Peachtree Street, NE Suite 1800, Atlanta, GA, 30308, USA
| | - Laurie J McKenzie
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Woodruff Memorial Research Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- RayBiotech Life, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA, 30092, USA
| | - Anna K Knight
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Woodruff Memorial Research Building, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Berthou F, Sobolewski C, Abegg D, Fournier M, Maeder C, Dolicka D, Correia de Sousa M, Adibekian A, Foti M. Hepatic PTEN Signaling Regulates Systemic Metabolic Homeostasis through Hepatokines-Mediated Liver-to-Peripheral Organs Crosstalk. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073959. [PMID: 35409319 PMCID: PMC8999584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-derived circulating factors deeply affect the metabolism of distal organs. Herein, we took advantage of the hepatocyte-specific PTEN knockout mice (LPTENKO), a model of hepatic steatosis associated with increased muscle insulin sensitivity and decreased adiposity, to identify potential secreted hepatic factors improving metabolic homeostasis. Our results indicated that protein factors, rather than specific metabolites, released by PTEN-deficient hepatocytes trigger an improved muscle insulin sensitivity and a decreased adiposity in LPTENKO. In this regard, a proteomic analysis of conditioned media from PTEN-deficient primary hepatocytes identified seven hepatokines whose expression/secretion was deregulated. Distinct expression patterns of these hepatokines were observed in hepatic tissues from human/mouse with NAFLD. The expression of specific factors was regulated by the PTEN/PI3K, PPAR or AMPK signaling pathways and/or modulated by classical antidiabetic drugs. Finally, loss-of-function studies identified FGF21 and the triad AHSG, ANGPTL4 and LECT2 as key regulators of insulin sensitivity in muscle cells and in adipocytes biogenesis, respectively. These data indicate that hepatic PTEN deficiency and steatosis alter the expression/secretion of hepatokines regulating insulin sensitivity in muscles and the lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. These hepatokines could represent potential therapeutic targets to treat obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Berthou
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (D.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Margot Fournier
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Christine Maeder
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Dobrochna Dolicka
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Marta Correia de Sousa
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; (D.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; (F.B.); (C.S.); (M.F.); (C.M.); (D.D.); (M.C.d.S.)
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(22)-379-52-04
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Dong J, Yu J, Li Z, Gao S, Wang H, Yang S, Wu L, Lan C, Zhao T, Gao C, Liu Z, Wang X, Hao J. Serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 levels as biomarker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-associated malnutrition and muscle wasting. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:704-716. [PMID: 33763996 PMCID: PMC8200427 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition and muscle wasting are common features frequently observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients with cancer cachexia. They are associated with reduced survival and quality of life. Nutrition therapy is an important part of multimodal cancer care in PDAC. However, due to the complexity of nutrition assessment, only 30-60% of patients with nutritional risks receive nutritional treatment at present. It is important to identify biomarkers that may be used to improve management of PDAC-associated malnutrition. Serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) has emerged as a potential serum biomarker in a variety of tumours. However, its association with malnutrition and muscle wasting in PDAC is unclear. METHODS We evaluated the tumour IGFBP2 expression and serum IGFBP2 level in 98 PDAC patients using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analysed the correlation between them. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between IGFBP2 of both tumour and serum and nutritional status (Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment and skeletal muscle index). Pan02 IGFBP2 stable transfection cell lines, Pan02 PLV-IGFBP2 cells, and PLKO-IGFBP2 cells were injected subcutaneously into the flank of C57BL/6 mouse. Serum IGFBP2 levels, food intake, and body weight of these mice were measured. The degree of muscle atrophy is characterized by haematoxylin and eosin, Oil Red O, and Masson's trichrome staining. The mRNA and protein expression of several essential muscle-related signal proteins such as atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1 was measured. RESULTS Among 98 patients, we found that tumour IGFBP2 expression is related to plasma IGFBP2 levels (rs = 0.562, P < 0.001), and they significantly increased among patients with Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment ≥9 and correlated with overall survival. Moreover, serum IGFBP2 level is negatively correlated with skeletal muscle index (rs = -0.600, P < 0.001) and Hounsfield units (rs = -0.532, P < 0.001). In mice injected with Pan02 PLV-IGFBP2 cell, circulating IGFBP2 was elevated while body weight and food intake were decreased when compared with Pan02 PLV-Control group. These mice also exhibited significantly aggravated muscle fibre atrophy, lipid deposition, and increased collagen tissue, and the expression of mRNA and protein of atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger 1 in the gastrocnemius muscle is increased. Conversely, these symptoms were alleviated in the PLKO-IGFBP2 group. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, there is a significant correlation between serum IGFBP2 levels, malnutrition, and muscle atrophy in PDAC. Our results suggested that serum IGFBP2 level might be a promising biomarker and intervention targets for PDAC-associated severe malnutrition and muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Department of Nutrition Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin/Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zekun Li
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chungen Lan
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Tiansuo Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chuntao Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jihui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
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Lin YW, Weng XF, Huang BL, Guo HP, Xu YW, Peng YH. IGFBP-1 in cancer: expression, molecular mechanisms, and potential clinical implications. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:813-832. [PMID: 33841624 PMCID: PMC8014352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) belongs to the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, which plays an indispensable role in normal growth and development, and in the pathophysiology of various tumors. IGFBP-1 has been shown to be associated with the risk of various tumors, and has a vital function in regulating tumor behaviors such as proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion through different molecular mechanisms. The biological actions of IGFBP-1 in cancer are found to be related to its phosphorylation state, and the IGF-dependent and -independent mechanisms. In this review, we provided an overview of IGFBP-1 in normal physiology, and its aberrantly expression and the underlying molecular mechanisms in a range of common tumors, as well as discussed the potential clinical implications of IGFBP-1 as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Fen Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin-Liang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Peng Guo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Stanley TL, Fourman LT, Zheng I, McClure CM, Feldpausch MN, Torriani M, Corey KE, Chung RT, Lee H, Kleiner DE, Hadigan CM, Grinspoon SK. Relationship of IGF-1 and IGF-Binding Proteins to Disease Severity and Glycemia in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e520-e533. [PMID: 33125080 PMCID: PMC7823253 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1 help regulate hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, and reductions in these hormones may contribute to development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVE To assess relationships between hepatic expression of IGF1 and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and measures of glycemia and liver disease in adults with NAFLD. Secondarily to assess effects of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) on circulating IGFBPs. DESIGN Analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of GHRH. SETTING Two US academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 61 men and women 18 to 70 years of age with HIV-infection, ≥5% hepatic fat fraction, including 39 with RNA-Seq data from liver biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis by histopathology and measures of glucose homeostasis. RESULTS Hepatic IGF1 mRNA was significantly lower in individuals with higher steatosis and NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) and was inversely related to glucose parameters, independent of circulating IGF-1. Among the IGFBPs, IGFBP2 and IGFBP4 were lower and IGFBP6 and IGFBP7 (also known as IGFBP-related protein 1) were higher with increasing steatosis. Hepatic IGFBP6 and IGFBP7 mRNA levels were positively associated with NAS. IGFBP7 mRNA increased with increasing fibrosis. Hepatic IGFBP1 mRNA was inversely associated with glycemia and insulin resistance, with opposite relationships present for IGFBP3 and IGFBP7. GHRH increased circulating IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3, but decreased IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-6. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate novel relationships of IGF-1 and IGFBPs with NAFLD severity and glucose control, with divergent roles seen for different IGFBPs. Moreover, the data provide new information on the complex effects of GHRH on IGFBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takara L Stanley
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lindsay T Fourman
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isabel Zheng
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Colin M McClure
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meghan N Feldpausch
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Torriani
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Liver Center, Gastroenterology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David E Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Colleen M Hadigan
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Steven K. Grinspoon, MD, Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, MGH Endowed Chair in Neuroendocrinology and Metabolism, Chief, Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street 5LON207, Boston, MA 02114, United States. E-mail:
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7
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One-Step Antibody Arrays. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 33237406 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1064-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The sandwich-based immunoassay is renowned for its specificity and sensitivity for protein detection, where the antigen is "sandwiched" by a pair of antigen epitope-specific antibodies. The capture antibody-antigen-detection antibody complex will be formed if all the components are present in a proper reaction system. A one-step rapid sandwich-based antibody array can be developed through fixing the capture antibody on a glass slide with a fluorescence-labelled detection antibody. In this chapter, we describe the process of a one-step mouse immunoglobulin isotyping array for use in hybridoma culture supernatants.
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8
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IGFBP2: integrative hub of developmental and oncogenic signaling network. Oncogene 2020; 39:2243-2257. [PMID: 31925333 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) was discovered and identified as an IGF system regulator, controlling the distribution, function, and activity of IGFs in the pericellular space. IGFBP2 is a developmentally regulated gene that is highly expressed in embryonic and fetal tissues and markedly decreases after birth. Studies over the last decades have shown that in solid tumors, IGFBP2 is upregulated and promotes several key oncogenic processes, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cellular migration, invasion, angiogenesis, stemness, transcriptional activation, and epigenetic programming via signaling that is often independent of IGFs. Growing evidence indicates that aberrant expression of IGFBP2 in cancer acts as a hub of an oncogenic network, integrating multiple cancer signaling pathways and serving as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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9
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Dong J, Zeng Y, Zhang P, Li C, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang K. Serum IGFBP2 Level Is a New Candidate Biomarker of Severe Malnutrition in Advanced Lung Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:858-863. [PMID: 32286106 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1656755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze and evaluate serum insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) levels as a new biomarker of severe malnutrition in patients with advanced lung cancer.Design and methods: This prospective study involved 59 patients with advanced lung cancer. We detected serum IGFBP2 level by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed its relationship to clinical characteristics, nutritional status, Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), and survival. Serum albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured, and nutritional status was assessed using Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). The best cutoff point value for serum IGFBP2 level was established using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to analyze the survival curves.Results: Serum IGFBP2 levels were elevated in patients with advanced lung cancer and severe malnutrition. The best cutoff value for serum IGFBP2 level was determined at 363 ng/ml, which could diagnose severe malnutrition with 73.3% sensitivity and 70.5% specificity and was found to be related to albumin, CRP, and GPS. Patients whose serum IGFBP2 levels were higher than 363 ng/ml had poor survival outcome.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the remarkably association between higher serum level of IGFBP2 and severe malnutrition, albumin, CRP, GPS, and survival. Hence, serum IGFBP2 level can be used as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of severe malnutrition in patients with advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Department of Nutritional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqi Zeng
- Department of Nutritional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of Nutritional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Nutritional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Department of Nutritional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Nutritional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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10
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Huang W, Wu J, Mao Y, Zhu S, Huang GF, Petritis B, Huang RP. Developing a periodontal disease antibody array for the prediction of severe periodontal disease using machine learning classifiers. J Periodontol 2019; 91:232-243. [PMID: 31397883 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to simultaneously and quantitatively assess the expression levels of 20 periodontal disease-related proteins in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from normal controls (NOR) and severe periodontitis (SP) patients with an antibody array. METHODS Antibodies against 20 periodontal disease-related proteins were spotted onto a glass slide to create a periodontal disease antibody array (PDD). The array was then incubated with GCF samples collected from 25 NOR and 25 SP patients. Differentially expressed proteins between NOR and SP patients were then used to build receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and compare five classification models, including support vector machine, random forest, k nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis, and Classification and Regression Trees. RESULTS Seven proteins (C-reactive protein, interleukin [IL]-1α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase-13, osteoprotegerin, and osteoactivin) were significantly upregulated in SP patients compared with NOR, while receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa was significantly downregulated. The highest diagnostic accuracy using a ROC curve was observed for IL-1β with an area under the curve of 0.984. Five of the proteins (IL-1β, IL-8, MMP-13, osteoprotegerin, and osteoactivin) were identified as important features for classification. Linear discriminant analysis had the highest classification accuracy across the five classification models that were tested. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of antibody arrays to diagnose periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | | | - Siwei Zhu
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- RayBiotech, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,RayBiotech, Peachtree Corners, GA, USA.,South China Biochip Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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11
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Weisheng B, Nezhat CH, Huang GF, Mao YQ, Sidell N, Huang RP. Discovering endometriosis biomarkers with multiplex cytokine arrays. Clin Proteomics 2019; 16:28. [PMID: 31333337 PMCID: PMC6621950 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-019-9248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic pelvic pain is often overlooked during primary examinations because of the numerous causes of such “vague” symptoms. However, this pain can often mask endometriosis, a smoldering disease that is not easily identified as a cause of the problem. As such, endometriosis has been shown to be a potentially long-term and often undiagnosed disease due to its vague symptoms and lack of any non-invasive testing technique. Only after more severe symptoms arise (severe pelvic pain, excessive vaginal bleeding, or infertility) is the disease finally uncovered by the attending physician. Due to the nature and complexity of endometriosis, high throughput approaches for investigating changes in protein levels may be useful for elucidating novel biomarkers of the disease and to provide clues to help understand its development and progression. Methods A large multiplex cytokine array which detects the expression levels of 260 proteins including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules, angiogenesis factors and other was used to probe biomarkers in plasma samples from endometriosis patients with the intent of detecting and/or understanding the cause of this disease. The protein levels were then analyzed using K-nearest neighbor and split-point score analysis. Results This technique identified a 14-marker cytokine profile with the area under the curve of 0.874 under a confidence interval of 0.81–0.94. Our training set further validated the panel for significance, specificity, and sensitivity to the disease samples. Conclusions These findings show the utility and reliability of multiplex arrays in deciphering new biomarker panels for disease detection and may offer clues for understanding this mysterious disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12014-019-9248-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Weisheng
- 1RayBiotech, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092 USA
| | - Ceana H Nezhat
- 2Nezhat Medical Center, 5555 Peachtree Dunwoody Rd #276, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA
| | - Gordon F Huang
- 1RayBiotech, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092 USA
| | - Ying-Qing Mao
- 1RayBiotech, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092 USA
| | - Neil Sidell
- 3Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- 1RayBiotech, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092 USA.,Guangzhou RayBiotech, 79 Ruihe Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510630 China.,5Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 232 Waihuan Dong Rd, Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006 China.,South China Biochip Research Center, 79 Ruihe Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510630 China
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12
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Kuang Z, Huang R, Yang Z, Lv Z, Chen X, Xu F, Yi YH, Wu J, Huang RP. Quantitative screening of serum protein biomarkers by reverse phase protein arrays. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32624-32641. [PMID: 30220970 PMCID: PMC6135697 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening biomarkers in serum samples for different diseases has always been of great interest because it presents an early, reliable, and, most importantly, noninvasive means of diagnosis and prognosis. Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPAs) are a high-throughput platform that can measure single or limited sets of proteins from thousands of patients' samples in parallel. They have been widely used for detection of signaling molecules involved in diseases, especially cancers, and related regulation pathways in cell lysates. However, this approach has been difficult to adapt to serum samples. Previously, we developed a sensitive method called the enhanced protein array to quantitatively measure serum protein levels from large numbers of patient samples. Here, we further refine the technology on several fronts: 1. simplifying the experimental procedure; 2. optimizing multiple parameters to make the assay more robust, including the support matrix, signal reporting method, background control, and antibody validation; and 3. establishing a method for more accurate quantification. Using this technology, we quantitatively measured the expression levels of 10 proteins: alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta 2 microglobulin (B2M), Carcinoma Antigen 15-3(CA15-3), Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), golgi protein 73 (GP73), Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4), Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 (IGFBP2), osteopontin (OPN) and Beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRB) from serum samples of 132 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and 78 healthy volunteers. We found that 6 protein expression levels are significantly increased in HCC patients. Statistical and bioinformatical analysis has revealed decent accuracy rates of individual proteins, ranging from 0.617 (B2M) to 0.908 (AFP) as diagnostic biomarkers to distinguish HCC from healthy controls. The combination of these 6 proteins as a specific HCC signature yielded a higher accuracy of 0.923 using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) predictive model analyses. Our work reveals promise for using reverse phase protein arrays for biomarker discovery and validation in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Kuang
- RayBiotech Inc, Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech Inc, Parkway Lane, Norcross, GA, USA
| | - Ruochun Huang
- RayBiotech Inc, Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech Inc, Parkway Lane, Norcross, GA, USA
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xinyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hua Yi
- RayBiotech Inc, Guangzhou, China.,South China Biochip Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- RayBiotech Inc, Guangzhou, China.,RayBiotech Inc, Parkway Lane, Norcross, GA, USA.,South China Biochip Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Huang W, Whittaker K, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhu SW, Huang RP. Integration of Antibody Array Technology into Drug Discovery and Development. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:74-95. [PMID: 29394094 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jian Wu
- The Affiliated Third Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- Raybiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, China
- RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia
- South China Biochip Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Xie F, Zhu F, Lu Z, Liu Z, Wang H. Investigation of potential molecular biomarkers and small molecule drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma transformed from cirrhosis. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:495-503. [PMID: 27347171 PMCID: PMC4906898 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China and the third leading cause of cancer-associated morality. The aim of the present study was to investigate and analyze differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) between cirrhosis and HCC, in order to screen the key genes involved in the transformation from cirrhosis to HCC and provide novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. The gene expression profile, GSE17548, was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database and the DEGs were identified by LIMMA package in R language. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontology biology process analysis were performed for the DEGs. Differential co-expression network (DEN) analysis was conducted and the network was visualized using Cytoscape. Small molecule drugs were also screened from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database for higher degree DEGs. A total of 95 DEGs were obtained, including 46 upregulated and 49 downregulated genes. The upregulated DEGs were primarily involved in biological processes and pathways associated with the cell cycle, while the downregulated DEGs were primarily involved in immune-associated biological processes. A total of 22 key DEGs were identified by DEN analysis, which distinguished HCC from cirrhosis samples. Furthermore, estradiol, benzo(a)pyrene, acetaminophen, copper sulfate and bisphenol A were identified as the five most associated chemicals to these 22 DEGs. In conclusion, the hub genes and chemicals identified by the present study may provide a theoretical basis for additional research on diagnosis and treatment of HCC transformed from cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The People's Hospital of Liaoning, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Cardiovascular Center, The People's Hospital of Liaoning, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, China Medical University Shengjing Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Liaoning, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
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15
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Han X, Hou S, Yang A. Correlation Between IGFs-Related Proteins Expression and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer in Diabetic Patients and Related Mechanisms. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:848-54. [PMID: 26976474 PMCID: PMC4795090 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus a common metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia, is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Approximately 12~20% of diabetic patients have risk of colorectal cancer. Recent studies revealed that the insulin-like growth factor system (IGFs) plays an important role in tumor occurrence. This study thus investigated the relationship between IGFs-related proteins in diabetic patients and the incidence of colorectal carcinoma. MATERIAL/METHODS A retrospective study was performed in a total of 206 individuals, including 85 diagnosed with diabetes. The incidence of colorectal cancer was tracked, along with the detection of IGFs expression in serum. During the surgical resection, tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were collected and quantified for IGFs expression level. RESULTS We found no significant difference in age or sex between the diabetic and control groups. Diabetic patients, however, had elevated body weight and higher incidence of colorectal cancer compared to non-diabetic controls (p<0.05). The diabetic group also had higher IGF-I and IGF-IR mRNA levels in serum, while IGFBP-6 expression was down-regulated. In comparison to adjacent healthy tissues, tumor tissue had higher levels of IGF-I and IGF-IR but lower levels of IGFBP-6 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed higher incidence of colorectal cancer in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. The occurrence of colorectal cancer in diabetic patients may be associated with elevated IGFs-related protein expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Sufang Hou
- Department of Cadres Health, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Aige Yang
- Department of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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16
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Chen Z, Jin W, Liu H, Zhao Z, Cheng K. Discovery of Peptide ligands for hepatic stellate cells using phage display. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2180-8. [PMID: 25955351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of its cause, liver fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main producers responsible for the excessive production of ECM and profibrogenic cytokines in fibrotic liver. Therefore, development of HSC-specific delivery systems is essential for the success of antifibrotic agents. The objective of this study is to identify peptide ligands targeting the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), which is overexpressed on HSCs. We expect to use the peptide ligands for the future development of HSC-targeted drug delivery system. Protein- and whole cell-based phage display biopannings were conducted to identify phage/peptide candidates. Phage ELISA, cellular uptake, and cell viability assay were employed to evaluate the binding affinity and specificity of these peptide ligands to recombinant human IGF2R and HSCs. IGF2R siRNA was used to silence the IGF2R protein expression in human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) to confirm the specificity of the identified peptide ligands. Among the identified peptide candidates, peptide-431 shows the highest binding affinity and specificity to recombinant human IGF2R protein and HSCs. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of peptide-431 is 6.19 μM for LX-2 cells and 12.35 μM for rat hepatic stellate cells HSC-T6. Cellular uptake of peptide-431 in LX-2 cells is significantly reduced after silencing IGF2R with siRNA. Peptide-431 also enhances the uptake of a proapoptotic peptide (KLA peptide) in LX-2 and HSC-T6 cells, indicating that peptide-431 can be used as a targeting ligand to deliver antifibrotic agents into not only rat but also human HSCs. Dimerization of peptide-431 further increase its binding affinity to LX-2 cells by approximately 9-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Chen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Wei Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Hao Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
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17
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Hamzawy M, Elsaid L, Shams A, Rashid L, Mahfouz S, Sharawy N. Study of the effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on the promotion of hepatic tumorigenesis in rats fed a high fat diet. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 5:14-21. [PMID: 25941430 PMCID: PMC4415194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. The highest prevalence of hepatitis is an important risk factor contributing to development of HCCs. However, an increasing number of cases are associated metabolic disease and steatohepatitis. Inflammation associated with many liver disease, seems to be a necessary pre-requisite for successful tumor initiation. Mechanisms that link high fat diet and inflammation initial stage of HCC are not completely understood. The present work was designed to investigate the effect of fat, through modulation of the insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), on the promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma, and the role of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). METHODS two main groups of rats were used: control and HCC groups. The HCC group was further sub-divide in to two subgroups, HCC fed with standard diet and HCC fed with high fat diet. The effects of celecoxib were also investigated in HCC fed with high fat diet. RESULTS We found that high fat diet was associated with significant increases in COX2 and interleukin 6 (IL6) with significant promotion of HCC progression. The significant increase in IGF could contribute partially to the observed effects of high fat diet. In addition, celecoxib was found to significantly reduce HCC progression. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that COX2 could play central role in high prevalence of HCC observed with high fat diet. Several triggering factors such as IGF and IL6, together with the direct modulation of fat metabolism could open several novel preventive strategies of celecoxib treatment, and could be useful biomarkers for assessment of its pharmacological effects.
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Key Words
- AFP, alpha-fetoprotein
- CCl4, carbon-tetrachloride
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- FAS, fatty acid synthase
- FFA, free fatty acid
- GH, growth hormone
- H&E, Hematoxylin and Eosin stain
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IGF
- IGF-I and IGF-II, insulin-like growth factors I and II
- IGFBP-3, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3
- IGFR, IGF receptor
- IL6, interleukin 6
- IκB, inhibitory protein
- JNK1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NFκB, nuclear factor-κB
- PAS, periodic acid Schiff stain
- PI3k, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases
- TAG, triaceyl glycerol
- celecoxib
- fat diet
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- real time-PCR, real time-polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Hamzawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Address for correspondence: Nivin Sharawy, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo University, Al-Saray Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt. Tel.: +202 01122433182; fax: +202 23628246.
| | - Laila Elsaid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Shams
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir Mahfouz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nivin Sharawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Address for correspondence: Nivin Sharawy, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo University, Al-Saray Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt. Tel.: +202 01122433182; fax: +202 23628246.
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Pickard A, McCance DJ. IGF-Binding Protein 2 - Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:25. [PMID: 25774149 PMCID: PMC4343188 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in cancer is unclear. In general, IGFBP2 is considered to be oncogenic and its expression is often observed to be elevated in cancer. However, there are a number of conflicting reports in vitro and in vivo where IGFBP2 acts in a tumor suppressor manner. In this mini-review, we discuss the factors influencing the variation in IGFBP2 expression in cancer and our interpretation of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pickard
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
- *Correspondence: Adam Pickard, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT7 9BL, UK e-mail:
| | - Dennis J. McCance
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
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19
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Enguita-Germán M, Fortes P. Targeting the insulin-like growth factor pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2014; 6:716-737. [PMID: 25349643 PMCID: PMC4209417 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i10.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Only 30%-40% of the patients with HCC are eligible for curative treatments, which include surgical resection as the first option, liver transplantation and percutaneous ablation. Unfortunately, there is a high frequency of tumor recurrence after surgical resection and most HCC seem resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Sorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the only chemotherapeutic option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients treated with Sorafenib have a significant increase in overall survival of about three months. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatments. Due to its role in cell growth and development, the insulin-like growth factor system is commonly deregulated in many cancers. Indeed, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has recently emerged as a potential target for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. To this aim, several inhibitors of the pathway have been developed such as monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNAs. However recent studies suggest that, unlike most tumors, HCC development requires increased signaling through insulin growth factor II rather than insulin growth factor I. This may have great implications in the future treatment of HCC. This review summarizes the role of the IGF axis in liver carcinogenesis and the current status of the strategies designed to target the IGF-I signaling pathway for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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20
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Dai B, Ruan B, Wu J, Wang J, Shang R, Sun W, Li X, Dou K, Wang D, Li Y. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 inhibits cancer cell invasion and is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:5645-5654. [PMID: 25337205 PMCID: PMC4203176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer. However, the expression of IGFBP-1 remains equivocal, and little is known about its clinicopathological significance and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we evaluated the expression of IGFBP-1 in 90 paired HCC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous liver tissues and analyzed its clinical and prognostic significance. The results showed that IGFBP-1 was detected in cytoplasm as well as cell nucleus, and down-regulated in HCC tissues compared to the adjacent non-cancerous liver tissues. The decreased expression of IGFBP-1 was correlated with tumor differentiation, liver cirrhosis, microvascular invasion or metastasis, TNM stage and poor survival. Moreover, low levels of IGFBP-1 may be an independent prognostic indicator for the survival of patients with HCC. We also evaluated its function by adding recombinant IGFBP-1 to the cultured HCC cell lines HepG2 and MHCC97-H. The result of the invasion chamber assay showed that IGFBP-1 could inhibit the invasion of HepG2 and MHCC97-H. MMP-9 secretion by these cells was significantly decreased when the cells were treated with IGFBP-1. Our results suggest that IGFBP-1 inhibits the invasion and metastasis of HCC cells and that IGFBP-1 may be useful as a valuable marker for the prognosis of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Bai Ruan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Runze Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Kefeng Dou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Desheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Yu Li
- Cell Engineering Research Center and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, China
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21
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Kendrick ZW, Firpo MA, Repko RC, Scaife CL, Adler DG, Boucher KM, Mulvihill SJ. Serum IGFBP2 and MSLN as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. HPB (Oxford) 2014; 16:670-6. [PMID: 24308545 PMCID: PMC4105906 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is a research priority for the improved management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) and mesothelin (MSLN) have shown potential as serum biomarkers in other cancers, but have not been adequately studied in PDAC. METHODS Serum IGFBP2 and MSLN levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a cohort of 84 PDAC patients, 84 healthy control subjects and 40 chronic pancreatitis (ChPT) patients. Regression models related IGFBP2 and MSLN levels to diagnosis, gender, age, stage and survival. RESULTS IGFPB2 and MSLN serum levels were diagnostic for PDAC in age-adjusted models (P = 0.032 and P = 0.002, respectively) when compared with ChPT and healthy control samples. At a 95% specificity threshold, the sensitivity for IGFBP2 was 22% and the sensitivity for MSLN was 17%. Neither protein approached the diagnostic accuracy of CA 19-9. However, IGFBP2 or MSLN or both correctly identified 18 of the 28 samples misidentified by CA 19-9. In age-adjusted models, neither serum IGFBP2 (P = 0.36) nor MSLN (P = 0.29) were significant predictors of survival. DISCUSSION Serum IGFBP2 and MSLN are weak diagnostic classifiers individually, but may be useful in a diagnostic biomarker panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W Kendrick
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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22
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Zhang Q, Li H, Jin H, Tan H, Zhang J, Sheng S. The global landscape of intron retentions in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2014; 7:15. [PMID: 24646369 PMCID: PMC3999986 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcriptome complexity in an organism can be achieved by alternative splicing of precursor messenger RNAs. It has been revealed that alternations in mRNA splicing play an important role in a number of diseases including human cancers. METHODS In this study, we exploited whole transcriptome sequencing data from five lung adenocarcinoma tissues and their matched normal tissues to interrogate intron retention, a less studied alternative splicing form which has profound structural and functional consequence by modifying open reading frame or inserting premature stop codons. RESULTS Abundant intron retention events were found in both tumor and normal tissues, and 2,340 and 1,422 genes only contain tumor-specific retentions and normal-specific retentions, respectively. Combined with gene expression analysis, we showed that genes with tumor-specific retentions tend to be over-expressed in tumors, and the abundance of intron retention within genes is negatively related with gene expression, indicating the action of nonsense mediated decay. Further functional analysis demonstrated that genes with tumor-specific retentions include known lung cancer driver genes and are found enriched in pathways important in carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that intron retentions and consequent nonsense mediated decay may collectively counteract the over-expression of genes promoting cancer development. Identification of genes with tumor-specific retentions may also help develop targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Zhang
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hua Li
- HYK High-throughput Biotechnology Institute, 4/F, Building #11, Software Park, 2nd Central Keji Rd, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hong Jin
- HYK High-throughput Biotechnology Institute, 4/F, Building #11, Software Park, 2nd Central Keji Rd, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huibiao Tan
- HYK High-throughput Biotechnology Institute, 4/F, Building #11, Software Park, 2nd Central Keji Rd, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Sitong Sheng
- HYK High-throughput Biotechnology Institute, 4/F, Building #11, Software Park, 2nd Central Keji Rd, Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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23
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Chu YK, Wang SZ, Liu YL, Kang ZL. Relationship between insulin/insulin-like growth factor and liver regeneration. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3961-3964. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i35.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers, and the main treatments include intervention, radiofrequency ablation, surgical resection and liver transplantation. Metastasis and recurrence contribute greatly to the high mortality rate of hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, many efforts have been taken to find the ways to promote liver regeneration after liver resection. This article will discuss the relationship between liver regeneration and insulin/insulin-like growth factor.
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