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Saleh TA, Whitson JA, Keiser P, Prasad P, Jenkins BC, Sodeinde T, Mann C, Rabinovitch PS, McReynolds MR, Sweetwyne MT. Metabolite accumulation from oral NMN supplementation drives aging-specific kidney inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588624. [PMID: 38645109 PMCID: PMC11030441 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial-rich renal tubule cells are key regulators of blood homeostasis via excretion and reabsorption of metabolic waste. With age, tubules are subject to increasing mitochondrial dysfunction and declining nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, both hampering ATP production efficiency. We tested two mitochondrial interventions in young (6-mo) and aged (26-mo) adult male mice: elamipretide (ELAM), a tetrapeptide in clinical trials that improves mitochondrial structure and function, and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), an NAD+ intermediate and commercially available oral supplement. Kidneys were analyzed from young and aged mice after eight weeks of treatment with ELAM (3 mg/kg/day), NMN (300 mg/kg/day), or from aged mice treated with the two interventions combined (ELAM+NMN). We hypothesized that combining pharmacologic treatments to ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and boost NAD+ levels, would more effectively reduce kidney aging than either intervention alone. Unexpectedly, in aged kidneys, NMN increased expression of genetic markers of inflammation (IL-1-beta; and Ccl2) and tubule injury (Kim-1). Metabolomics of endpoint sera showed that NMN-treated aged mice had higher circulating levels of uremic toxins than either aged controls or young NMN-treated mice. ELAM+NMN-treated aged mice accumulated uremic toxins like NMN-only aged mice, but reduced IL-1-beta; and Ccl2 kidney mRNA. This suggests that pre-existing mitochondrial dysfunction in aged kidney underlies susceptibility to inflammatory signaling with NMN supplementation in aged, but not young, mice. These findings demonstrate age and tissue dependent effects on downstream metabolic accumulation from NMN and highlight the need for targeted analysis of aged kidneys to assess the safety of anti-aging supplements in older populations.
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Seaton WB, Burke SJ, Fisch AR, Schilletter WA, Beck MGA, Cassagne GA, Harvey I, Fontenot MS, Collier JJ, Campagna SR. Channel Expansion in the Ligand-Binding Domain of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Contributes to the Activity of Highly Potent Glucocorticoid Analogues. Molecules 2024; 29:1546. [PMID: 38611825 PMCID: PMC11013598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and are commonly used as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant medications. Chronic GC use has been linked with unwanted complications such as steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (SIDM), although the mechanisms for these effects are not completely understood. Modification of six GC parent molecules with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole resulted in consistently less promoter activity in transcriptional activation assays using a 3xGRE reporter construct while constantly reducing inflammatory pathway activity. The most selective candidate, DX1, demonstrated a significant reduction (87%) in transactivation compared to commercially available dexamethasone. DX1 also maintained 90% of the anti-inflammatory potential of dexamethasone while simultaneously displaying a reduced toxicity profile. Additionally, two novel and highly potent compounds, DX4 and PN4, were developed and shown to elicit similar mRNA expression at attomolar concentrations that dexamethasone exhibits at nanomolar dosages. To further explain these results, Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to examine structural changes in the ligand-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in response to docking with the top ligands. Differing interactions with the transcriptional activation function 2 (AF-2) region of the GR may be responsible for lower transactivation capacity in DX1. DX4 and PN4 lose contact with Arg611 due to a key interaction changing from a stronger hydrophilic to a weaker hydrophobic one, which leads to the formation of an unoccupied channel at the location of the deacylcortivazol (DAC)-expanded binding pocket. These findings provide insights into the structure-function relationships important for regulating anti-inflammatory activity, which has implications for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley B. Seaton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (W.B.S.)
| | - Susan J. Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA (J.J.C.)
| | - Alexander R. Fisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (W.B.S.)
| | | | - Mary Grace A. Beck
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA (J.J.C.)
| | | | - Innocence Harvey
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA (J.J.C.)
| | - Molly S. Fontenot
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA (J.J.C.)
| | - J. Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA (J.J.C.)
| | - Shawn R. Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (W.B.S.)
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3
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Yagi M, Endo K, Komori K, Sekiya I. Comparison of the effects of oxidative and inflammatory stresses on rat chondrocyte senescence. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7697. [PMID: 37169906 PMCID: PMC10175275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative joint disease that causes progressive cartilage loss. Chondrocyte senescence is a fundamental mechanism that contributes to the imbalance of matrix homeostasis in OA by inducing senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Although OA chondrocytes are mainly exposed to oxidative and inflammatory stresses, the role of these individual stresses in chondrocyte senescence remains unclear. In this study, we compared the effects of these stresses on the senescence of rat chondrocytes. Rat chondrocytes were treated with H2O2 and a combination of IL-1β and TNF-α (IL/TNF) to compare their in vitro effect on senescent phenotypes. For in vivo evaluation, H2O2 and IL/TNF were injected into rat knee joints for 4 weeks. The in vitro results showed that H2O2 treatment increased reactive oxygen species, γ-H2AX, and p21 levels, stopped cell proliferation, and decreased glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-producing ability. In contrast, IL/TNF increased the expression of p16 and SASP factors, resulting in increased GAG degradation. Intraarticular injections of H2O2 did not cause any changes in senescent markers; however, IL/TNF injections reduced safranin O staining and increased the proportion of p16- and SASP factor-positive chondrocytes. Our results indicate that oxidative and inflammatory stresses have significantly different effects on the senescence of rat chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Yagi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Keiichiro Komori
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
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Martin TM, Burke SJ, Batdorf HM, Burk DH, Ghosh S, Dupuy SD, Karlstad MD, Collier JJ. ICAM-1 Abundance Is Increased in Pancreatic Islets of Hyperglycemic Female NOD Mice and Is Rapidly Upregulated by NF-κB in Pancreatic β-Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:569-581. [PMID: 35851539 PMCID: PMC9845432 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is classified as an autoimmune disease where pancreatic β-cells are specifically targeted by cells of the immune system. The molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not completely understood. Herein, we identified that the Icam1 gene and ICAM-1 protein were selectively elevated in female NOD mice relative to male mice, fitting with the sexual dimorphism of diabetes onset in this key mouse model of T1D. In addition, ICAM-1 abundance was greater in hyperglycemic female NOD mice than in age-matched normoglycemic female NOD mice. Moreover, we discovered that the Icam1 gene was rapidly upregulated in response to IL-1β in mouse, rat, and human islets and in 832/13 rat insulinoma cells. This early temporal genetic regulation requires key components of the NF-κB pathway and was associated with rapid recruitment of the p65 transcriptional subunit of NF-κB to corresponding κB elements within the Icam1 gene promoter. In addition, RNA polymerase II recruitment to the Icam1 gene promoter in response to IL-1β was consistent with p65 occupancy at κB elements, histone chemical modifications, and increased mRNA abundance. Thus, we conclude that β-cells undergo rapid genetic reprogramming by IL-1β to enhance expression of the Icam1 gene and that elevations in ICAM-1 are associated with hyperglycemia in NOD mice. These findings are highly relevant to, and highlight the importance of, pancreatic β-cell communication with the immune system. Collectively, these observations reveal a portion of the complex molecular events associated with onset and progression of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Martin
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA
| | - Susan J. Burke
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA
| | - Heidi M. Batdorf
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA
| | - David H. Burk
- Cell Biology and Bioimaging Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Samuel D. Dupuy
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - Michael D. Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, 37920, USA
| | - J. Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA
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5
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Smoak P, Burke SJ, Martin TM, Batdorf HM, Floyd ZE, Collier JJ. Artemisia dracunculus L. Ethanolic Extract and an Isolated Component, DMC2, Ameliorate Inflammatory Signaling in Pancreatic β-Cells via Inhibition of p38 MAPK. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050708. [PMID: 35625635 PMCID: PMC9139089 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-resolving pancreatic islet inflammation is widely viewed as a contributor to decreases in β-cell mass and function that occur in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Therefore, strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating pathological inflammation would be useful to protect islet β-cells. Herein, we described the use of 2′,4′-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone (DMC2), a bioactive molecule isolated from an ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L., as a novel anti-inflammatory agent. The ethanolic extract, termed PMI 5011, reduced IL-1β-mediated NF-κB activity. DMC2 retained this ability, indicating this compound as the likely source of anti-inflammatory activity within the overall PMI 5011 extract. We further examined NF-κB activity using promoter-luciferase reporter constructs, Western blots, mRNA abundance, and protein secretion. Specifically, we found that PMI 5011 and DMC2 each reduced the ability of IL-1β to promote increases in the expression of the Ccl2 and Ccl20 genes. These genes encode proteins that promote immune cell recruitment and are secreted by β-cells in response to IL-1β. Phosphorylation of IκBα and the p65 subunit of NF-κB were not reduced by either PMI 5011 or DMC2; however, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was blunted in the presence of DMC2. Finally, we observed that while PMI 5011 impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, insulin output was preserved in the presence of DMC2. In conclusion, PMI 5011 and DMC2 reduced inflammation, but only DMC2 did so with the preservation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Smoak
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (P.S.); (T.M.M.); (H.M.B.)
| | - Susan J. Burke
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Thomas M. Martin
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (P.S.); (T.M.M.); (H.M.B.)
| | - Heidi M. Batdorf
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (P.S.); (T.M.M.); (H.M.B.)
| | - Z. Elizabeth Floyd
- Laboratory of Ubitquitin Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - J. Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (P.S.); (T.M.M.); (H.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Kennedy BJ, Lato AM, Fisch AR, Burke SJ, Kirkland JK, Prevatte CW, Dunlap LE, Smith RT, Vogiatzis KD, Collier JJ, Campagna SR. Potent Anti-Inflammatory, Arylpyrazole-Based Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists That Do Not Impair Insulin Secretion. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1568-1577. [PMID: 34676039 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used in medicine for their role in the treatment of autoimmune-mediated conditions, certain cancers, and organ transplantation. The transcriptional activities GCs elicit include transrepression, postulated to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity, and transactivation, proposed to underlie the undesirable side effects associated with long-term use. A GC analogue that could elicit only transrepression and beneficial transactivation properties would be of great medicinal value and is highly sought after. In this study, a series of 1-(4-substituted phenyl)pyrazole-based GC analogues were synthesized, biologically screened, and evaluated for SARs leading to the desired activity. Activity observed in compounds bearing an electron deficient arylpyrazole moiety showed promise toward a dissociated steroid, displaying transrepression while having limited transactivation activity. In addition, compounds 11aa and 11ab were found to have anti-inflammatory efficacy comparable to that of dexamethasone at 10 nM, with minimal transactivation activity and no reduction of insulin secretion in cultured rat 832/13 beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ashley M. Lato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Alexander R. Fisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Susan J. Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, United States
| | - Justin K. Kirkland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Carson W. Prevatte
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lee E. Dunlap
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Russell T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | | | - J. Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, United States
| | - Shawn R. Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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7
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Toren E, Burnette KS, Banerjee RR, Hunter CS, Tse HM. Partners in Crime: Beta-Cells and Autoimmune Responses Complicit in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756548. [PMID: 34691077 PMCID: PMC8529969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoreactive T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. Loss of beta-cells leads to insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia, with patients eventually requiring lifelong insulin therapy to maintain normal glycemic control. Since T1D has been historically defined as a disease of immune system dysregulation, there has been little focus on the state and response of beta-cells and how they may also contribute to their own demise. Major hurdles to identifying a cure for T1D include a limited understanding of disease etiology and how functional and transcriptional beta-cell heterogeneity may be involved in disease progression. Recent studies indicate that the beta-cell response is not simply a passive aspect of T1D pathogenesis, but rather an interplay between the beta-cell and the immune system actively contributing to disease. Here, we comprehensively review the current literature describing beta-cell vulnerability, heterogeneity, and contributions to pathophysiology of T1D, how these responses are influenced by autoimmunity, and describe pathways that can potentially be exploited to delay T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Toren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - KaLia S. Burnette
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ronadip R. Banerjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chad S. Hunter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hubert M. Tse
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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The Ubiquitin Ligase SIAH2 Negatively Regulates Glucocorticoid Receptor Activity and Abundance. Biomedicines 2020; 9:biomedicines9010022. [PMID: 33396678 PMCID: PMC7823448 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are clinically essential drugs used routinely to control inflammation. However, a host of metabolic side effects manifests upon usage beyond a few days. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that seven-in-absentia mammalian homolog-2 (SIAH2), a ubiquitin ligase that regulates adipogenesis, is important for controlling adipocyte size, inflammation, and the ability of adipose tissue to expand in response to a glucocorticoid challenge. Using mice with global deletion of SIAH2 exposed or not to corticosterone, we found that adipocytes are larger in response to glucocorticoids in the absence of SIAH2. In addition, SIAH2 regulates glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcriptional activity and total GR protein abundance. Moreover, these studies reveal that there is an increased expression of genes involved in fibrosis and inflammatory signaling pathways found in white adipose tissue in response to glucocorticoids in the absence of SIAH2. In summary, this is the first study to identify a role for SIAH2 to regulate transcriptional activity and abundance of the GR, which leads to alterations in adipose tissue size and gene expression during in vivo exposure to glucocorticoids.
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9
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Wisp1 is a circulating factor that stimulates proliferation of adult mouse and human beta cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5982. [PMID: 33239617 PMCID: PMC7689468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding the mass of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells through re-activation of beta cell replication has been proposed as a therapy to prevent or delay the appearance of diabetes. Pancreatic beta cells exhibit an age-dependent decrease in their proliferative activity, partly related to changes in the systemic environment. Here we report the identification of CCN4/Wisp1 as a circulating factor more abundant in pre-weaning than in adult mice. We show that Wisp1 promotes endogenous and transplanted adult beta cell proliferation in vivo. We validate these findings using isolated mouse and human islets and find that the beta cell trophic effect of Wisp1 is dependent on Akt signaling. In summary, our study reveals the role of Wisp1 as an inducer of beta cell replication, supporting the idea that the use of young blood factors may be a useful strategy to expand adult beta cell mass. The proliferation of pancreatic beta cells decreases with age, partly due to systemic changes. Here the authors identify Wisp1 as a circulating factor enriched in young serum that induces adult beta cell proliferation, supporting the idea that young blood factors may be useful to expand beta cell mass.
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Quantitative Proteomics Evaluation of Human Multipotent Stromal Cell for β Cell Regeneration. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2524-2536.e4. [PMID: 30485817 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human multipotent stromal cells (hMSCs) are one of the most versatile cell types used in regenerative medicine due to their ability to respond to injury. In the context of diabetes, it has been previously shown that the regenerative capacity of hMSCs is donor specific after transplantation into streptozotocin (STZ)-treated immunodeficient mice. However, in vivo transplantation models to determine regenerative potency of hMSCs are lengthy, costly, and low throughput. Therefore, a high-throughput quantitative proteomics assay was developed to screen β cell regenerative potency of donor-derived hMSC lines. Using proteomics, we identified 16 proteins within hMSC conditioned media that effectively identify β cell regenerative hMSCs. This protein signature was validated using human islet culture assay, ELISA, and the potency was confirmed by recovery of hyperglycemia in STZ-treated mice. Herein, we demonstrated that quantitative proteomics can determine sample-specific protein signatures that can be used to classify previously uncharacterized hMSC lines for β cell regenerative clinical applications.
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11
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Natoli R, Fernando N, Madigan M, Chu-Tan JA, Valter K, Provis J, Rutar M. Microglia-derived IL-1β promotes chemokine expression by Müller cells and RPE in focal retinal degeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:31. [PMID: 28438165 PMCID: PMC5404662 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokine signalling is required for the homing of leukocytes during retinal inflammation, and is associated with pathogenesis of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we explore the role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in modulating AMD-associated chemokines Ccl2, Cxcl1, and Cxcl10 during photo-oxidative retinal damage, and the effect on both the accumulation of outer-retinal macrophages, and death of photoreceptors. Methods Inhibition of retinal IL-1β expression was performed using either siRNA or antibody neutralisation, which was intravitreally injected in SD rats prior to photo-oxidative damage. Changes in the expression and localisation of Il-1β, Ccl2, Cxcl1 and Cxcl10 genes were assessed using qPCR and in situ hybridisation, while the recruitment of retinal macrophages was detected using immunohistochemistry for IBA1. Levels of photoreceptor cell death were determined using TUNEL. Results Photo-oxidative damage elevated the expression of Il-1β and inflammasome-related genes, and IL-1β protein was detected in microglia infiltrating the outer retina. This was associated with increased expression of Ccl2, Cxcl1, and Cxcl10. Intravitreal IL-1β inhibitors suppressed chemokine expression following damage and reduced macrophage accumulation and photoreceptor death. Moreover, in Müller and RPE cell cultures, and in vivo, Ccl2, Cxcl1 and Cxcl10 were variously upregulated when stimulated with IL-1β, with increased macrophage accumulation detected in vivo. Conclusions IL-1β is produced by retinal microglia and macrophages and promotes chemokine expression by Müller cells and RPE in retinal degeneration. Targeting IL-1β may prove efficacious in broadly suppressing chemokine-mediated inflammation in retinal dystrophies such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nilisha Fernando
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michele Madigan
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua A Chu-Tan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Krisztina Valter
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jan Provis
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. .,ANU Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Matt Rutar
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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12
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Oral Corticosterone Administration Reduces Insulitis but Promotes Insulin Resistance and Hyperglycemia in Male Nonobese Diabetic Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:614-626. [PMID: 28061324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-induced diabetes is the most common form of drug-induced hyperglycemia. Therefore, metabolic and immunological alterations associated with chronic oral corticosterone were investigated using male nonobese diabetic mice. Three weeks after corticosterone delivery, there was reduced sensitivity to insulin action measured by insulin tolerance test. Body composition measurements revealed increased fat mass and decreased lean mass. Overt hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL) manifested 6 weeks after the start of glucocorticoid administration, whereas 100% of the mice receiving the vehicle control remained normoglycemic. This phenotype was fully reversed during the washout phase and readily reproducible across institutions. Relative to the vehicle control group, mice receiving corticosterone had a significant enhancement in pancreatic insulin-positive area, but a marked decrease in CD3+ cell infiltration. In addition, there were striking increases in both citrate synthase gene expression and enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle of mice in the corticosterone group relative to vehicle control. Moreover, glycogen synthase expression was greatly enhanced, consistent with elevations in muscle glycogen storage in mice receiving corticosterone. Corticosterone-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and changes in muscle gene expression were all reversed by the end of the washout phase, indicating that the metabolic alterations were not permanent. Thus, male nonobese diabetic mice allow for translational studies on the metabolic and immunological consequences of glucocorticoid-associated interventions in a mouse model with genetic susceptibility to autoimmune disease.
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13
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Korner G, Scherer T, Adamsen D, Rebuffat A, Crabtree M, Rassi A, Scavelli R, Homma D, Ledermann B, Konrad D, Ichinose H, Wolfrum C, Horsch M, Rathkolb B, Klingenspor M, Beckers J, Wolf E, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Blau N, Rozman J, Thöny B. Mildly compromised tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor biosynthesis due to Pts variants leads to unusual body fat distribution and abdominal obesity in mice. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:309-19. [PMID: 26830550 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, alkylglycerol monooxygenase, and nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Inborn errors of BH4 metabolism lead to severe insufficiency of brain monoamine neurotransmitters while augmentation of BH4 by supplementation or stimulation of its biosynthesis is thought to ameliorate endothelial NOS (eNOS) dysfunction, to protect from (cardio-) vascular disease and/or prevent obesity and development of the metabolic syndrome. We have previously reported that homozygous knock-out mice for the 6-pyruvolytetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS; Pts-ko/ko) mice with no BH4 biosynthesis die after birth. Here we generated a Pts-knock-in (Pts-ki) allele expressing the murine PTPS-p.Arg15Cys with low residual activity (15% of wild-type in vitro) and investigated homozygous (Pts-ki/ki) and compound heterozygous (Pts-ki/ko) mutants. All mice showed normal viability and depending on the severity of the Pts alleles exhibited up to 90% reduction of PTPS activity concomitant with neopterin elevation and mild reduction of total biopterin while blood L-phenylalanine and brain monoamine neurotransmitters were unaffected. Yet, adult mutant mice with compromised PTPS activity (i.e., Pts-ki/ko, Pts-ki/ki or Pts-ko/wt) had increased body weight and elevated intra-abdominal fat. Comprehensive phenotyping of Pts-ki/ki mice revealed alterations in energy metabolism with proportionally higher fat content but lower lean mass, and increased blood glucose and cholesterol. Transcriptome analysis indicated changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes associated with obesity, weight loss, hepatic steatosis, and insulin sensitivity were consistent with the observed phenotypic alterations. We conclude that reduced PTPS activity concomitant with mildly compromised BH4-biosynthesis leads to abnormal body fat distribution and abdominal obesity at least in mice. This study associates a novel single gene mutation with monogenic forms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine Korner
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Scherer
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dea Adamsen
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Rebuffat
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark Crabtree
- BHF Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU, Oxford, UK
| | - Anahita Rassi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rossana Scavelli
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daigo Homma
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Birgit Ledermann
- Division of Animal Facility, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Horsch
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Am Forum 8, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- ZIEL - Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, D-85350, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Valérie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nenad Blau
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Dietmar-Hopp Metabolic Center, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jan Rozman
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technische Universität München, Am Forum 8, 85354, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Beat Thöny
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Affiliated with the Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Children's Research Center (CRC), Zürich, Switzerland.
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14
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Sautron V, Terenina E, Gress L, Lippi Y, Billon Y, Larzul C, Liaubet L, Villa-Vialaneix N, Mormède P. Time course of the response to ACTH in pig: biological and transcriptomic study. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:961. [PMID: 26578410 PMCID: PMC4650497 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HPA axis plays a major role in physiological homeostasis. It is also involved in stress and adaptive response to the environment. In farm animals in general and specifically in pigs, breeding strategies have highly favored production traits such as lean growth rate, feed efficiency and prolificacy at the cost of robustness. On the hypothesis that the HPA axis could contribute to the trade-off between robustness and production traits, we have designed this experiment to explore individual variation in the biological response to the main stress hormone, cortisol, in pigs. We used ACTH injections to trigger production of cortisol in 120 juvenile Large White (LW) pigs from 28 litters and the kinetics of the response was measured with biological variables and whole blood gene expression at 4 time points. A multilevel statistical analysis was used to take into account the longitudinal aspect of the data. Results Cortisol level reached its peak 1 h after ACTH injection. White blood cell composition was modified with a decrease of lymphocytes and monocytes and an increase of granulocytes (FDR<0.05). Basal level of cortisol was correlated with birth and weaning weights. Microarray analysis identified 65 unique genes of which expression responded to the injection of ACTH (adjusted P<0.05). These genes were classified into 4 clusters with distinctive kinetics in response to ACTH injection. The first cluster identified genes strongly correlated to cortisol and previously reported as being regulated by glucocorticoids. In particular, DDIT4, DUSP1, FKBP5, IL7R, NFKBIA, PER1, RGS2 and RHOB were shown to be connected to each other by the glucocorticoid receptor NR3C1. Most of the differentially expressed genes that encode transcription factors have not been described yet as being important in transcription networks involved in stress response. Their co-expression may mean co-regulation and they could thus provide new patterns of biomarkers of the individual sensitivity to cortisol. Conclusions We identified 65 genes as biological markers of HPA axis activation at the gene expression level. These genes might be candidates for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the stress response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2118-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Sautron
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
| | - Elena Terenina
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
| | - Laure Gress
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
| | | | - Yvon Billon
- INRA, UE 1372 GenESI, Surgeres, F-17700, France.
| | - Catherine Larzul
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
| | - Laurence Liaubet
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
| | - Nathalie Villa-Vialaneix
- INRA, UR 0875 MIAT Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France.
| | - Pierre Mormède
- INRA, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENSAT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France. .,Université de Toulouse INPT ENVT, UMR 1388 Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage, Toulouse, F-31076, France.
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15
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Burke SJ, Stadler K, Lu D, Gleason E, Han A, Donohoe DR, Rogers RC, Hermann GE, Karlstad MD, Collier JJ. IL-1β reciprocally regulates chemokine and insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells via NF-κB. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E715-26. [PMID: 26306596 PMCID: PMC4609876 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00153.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines impact islet β-cell mass and function by altering the transcriptional activity within pancreatic β-cells, producing increases in intracellular nitric oxide abundance and the synthesis and secretion of immunomodulatory proteins such as chemokines. Herein, we report that IL-1β, a major mediator of inflammatory responses associated with diabetes development, coordinately and reciprocally regulates chemokine and insulin secretion. We discovered that NF-κB controls the increase in chemokine transcription and secretion as well as the decrease in both insulin secretion and proliferation in response to IL-1β. Nitric oxide production, which is markedly elevated in pancreatic β-cells exposed to IL-1β, is a negative regulator of both glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose-induced increases in intracellular calcium levels. By contrast, the IL-1β-mediated production of the chemokines CCL2 and CCL20 was not influenced by either nitric oxide levels or glucose concentration. Instead, the synthesis and secretion of CCL2 and CCL20 in response to IL-1β were dependent on NF-κB transcriptional activity. We conclude that IL-1β-induced transcriptional reprogramming via NF-κB reciprocally regulates chemokine and insulin secretion while also negatively regulating β-cell proliferation. These findings are consistent with NF-κB as a major regulatory node controlling inflammation-associated alterations in islet β-cell function and mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Burke
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Disease, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Danhong Lu
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Evanna Gleason
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Anna Han
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Dallas R Donohoe
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Richard C Rogers
- Laboratory of Autonomic Neuroscience, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and
| | - Gerlinda E Hermann
- Laboratory of Autonomic Neuroscience, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; and
| | - Michael D Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - J Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana;
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16
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Smallie T, Ross EA, Ammit AJ, Cunliffe HE, Tang T, Rosner DR, Ridley ML, Buckley CD, Saklatvala J, Dean JL, Clark AR. Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 1 and Tristetraprolin Cooperate To Regulate Macrophage Responses to Lipopolysaccharide. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:277-88. [PMID: 26019272 PMCID: PMC4472943 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP) 1 dephosphorylates and inactivates members of the MAPK superfamily, in particular, JNKs, p38α, and p38β MAPKs. It functions as an essential negative regulator of innate immune responses, hence disruption of the Dusp1 gene renders mice extremely sensitive to a wide variety of experimental inflammatory challenges. The principal mechanisms behind the overexpression of inflammatory mediators by Dusp1(-/-) cells are not known. In this study, we use a genetic approach to identify an important mechanism of action of DUSP1, involving the modulation of the activity of the mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin. This mechanism is key to the control of essential early mediators of inflammation, TNF, CXCL1, and CXCL2, as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The same mechanism also contributes to the regulation of a large number of transcripts induced by treatment of macrophages with LPS. These findings demonstrate that modulation of the phosphorylation status of tristetraprolin is an important physiological mechanism by which innate immune responses can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Smallie
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan A Ross
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alaina J Ammit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; and
| | - Helen E Cunliffe
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Tang
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Dalya R Rosner
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L Ridley
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Saklatvala
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan L Dean
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Clark
- School of Immunity and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;
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17
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Transcriptional regulation of chemokine genes: a link to pancreatic islet inflammation? Biomolecules 2015; 5:1020-34. [PMID: 26018641 PMCID: PMC4496708 DOI: 10.3390/biom5021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced expression of chemotactic cytokines (aka chemokines) within pancreatic islets likely contributes to islet inflammation by regulating the recruitment and activation of various leukocyte populations, including macrophages, neutrophils, and T-lymphocytes. Because of the powerful actions of these chemokines, precise transcriptional control is required. In this review, we highlight what is known about the signals and mechanisms that govern the transcription of genes encoding specific chemokine proteins in pancreatic islet β-cells, which include contributions from the NF-κB and STAT1 pathways. We further discuss increased chemokine expression in pancreatic islets during autoimmune-mediated and obesity-related development of diabetes.
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18
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CCL20 is elevated during obesity and differentially regulated by NF-κB subunits in pancreatic β-cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:637-52. [PMID: 25882704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced leukocytic infiltration into pancreatic islets contributes to inflammation-based diminutions in functional β-cell mass. Insulitis (aka islet inflammation), which can be present in both T1DM and T2DM, is one factor influencing pancreatic β-cell death and dysfunction. IL-1β, an inflammatory mediator in both T1DM and T2DM, acutely (within 1h) induced expression of the CCL20 gene in rat and human islets and clonal β-cell lines. Transcriptional induction of CCL20 required the p65 subunit of NF-κB to replace the p50 subunit at two functional κB sites within the CCL20 proximal gene promoter. The NF-κB p50 subunit prevents CCL20 gene expression during unstimulated conditions and overexpression of p50 reduces CCL20, but enhances cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcript accumulation after exposure to IL-1β. We also identified differential recruitment of specific co-activator molecules to the CCL20 gene promoter, when compared with the CCL2 and COX2 genes, revealing distinct transcriptional requirements for individual NF-κB responsive genes. Moreover, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ individually increased the expression of CCR6, the receptor for CCL20, on the surface of human neutrophils. We further found that the chemokine CCL20 is elevated in serum from both genetically obese db/db mice and in C57BL6/J mice fed a high-fat diet. Taken together, these results are consistent with a possible activation of the CCL20-CCR6 axis in diseases with inflammatory components. Thus, interfering with this signaling pathway, either at the level of NF-κB-mediated chemokine production, or downstream receptor activation, could be a potential therapeutic target to offset inflammation-associated tissue dysfunction in obesity and diabetes.
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19
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Burke SJ, May AL, Noland RC, Lu D, Brissova M, Powers AC, Sherrill EM, Karlstad MD, Campagna SR, Stephens JM, Collier JJ. Thiobenzothiazole-modified Hydrocortisones Display Anti-inflammatory Activity with Reduced Impact on Islet β-Cell Function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13401-16. [PMID: 25851902 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.632190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids signal through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and are administered clinically for a variety of situations, including inflammatory disorders, specific cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, and organ/tissue transplantation. However, glucocorticoid therapy is also associated with additional complications, including steroid-induced diabetes. We hypothesized that modification of the steroid backbone is one strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of GR activation. Toward this goal, two commercially unavailable, thiobenzothiazole-containing derivatives of hydrocortisone (termed MS4 and MS6) were examined using 832/13 rat insulinoma cells as well as rodent and human islets. We found that MS4 had transrepression properties but lacked transactivation ability, whereas MS6 retained both transactivation and transrepression activities. In addition, MS4 and MS6 both displayed anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, MS4 displayed reduced impact on islet β-cell function in both rodent and human islets. Similar to dexamethasone, MS6 promoted adipocyte development in vitro, whereas MS4 did not. Moreover, neither MS4 nor MS6 activated the Pck1 (Pepck) gene in primary rat hepatocytes. We conclude that modification of the functional groups attached to the D-ring of the hydrocortisone steroid molecule produces compounds with altered structure-function GR agonist activity with decreased impact on insulin secretion and reduced adipogenic potential but with preservation of anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Burke
- From the Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, the Departments of Nutrition and
| | - Amanda L May
- Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | | | - Danhong Lu
- the Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27701
| | - Marcela Brissova
- the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Alvin C Powers
- the Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | | | - Michael D Karlstad
- the Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee 37920, and
| | | | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- the Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808
| | - J Jason Collier
- From the Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, the Departments of Nutrition and the Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee 37920, and
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20
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Dietary polyherbal supplementation decreases CD3+ cell infiltration into pancreatic islets and prevents hyperglycemia in nonobese diabetic mice. Nutr Res 2015; 35:328-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Burke SJ, Lu D, Sparer TE, Karlstad MD, Collier JJ. Transcription of the gene encoding TNF-α is increased by IL-1β in rat and human islets and β-cell lines. Mol Immunol 2014; 62:54-62. [PMID: 24972324 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and secretion of immunomodulatory proteins, such as cytokines and chemokines, controls the inflammatory response within pancreatic islets. When this inflammation does not resolve, destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells leads to diabetes mellitus. Production of the soluble mediators of inflammation, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, from resident and invading immune cells, as well as directly from islet β-cells, is also associated with suboptimal islet transplantation outcomes. In this study, we found that IL-1β induces rapid increases in TNF-α mRNA in rat and human islets and the 832/13 clonal β-cell line. The surge in transcription of the TNF-α gene required the inhibitor of kappa B kinase beta (IκKβ), the p65 subunit of the NF-κB and a signal-specific recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the gene promoter. Of note was the increased intracellular production of TNF-α protein in a manner consistent with mRNA accumulation in response to IL-1β, but no detectable secretion of TNF-α into the media. Additionally, TNF-α specifically induces expression of CD11b, but not CD11c, on neutrophils, which could contribute to the inflammatory milieu and diabetes progression. We conclude that activation of the NF-κB pathway in pancreatic β-cells leads to rapid intracellular production of the pro-inflammatory TNF-α protein through a combination of specific histone covalent modifications and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Burke
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States
| | - Danhong Lu
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27704, United States
| | - Tim E Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, United States
| | - Michael D Karlstad
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN 37920, United States
| | - J Jason Collier
- Laboratory of Islet Biology and Inflammation, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States.
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22
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Chuang YW, Chang WM, Chen KH, Hong CZ, Chang PJ, Hsu HC. Lysophosphatidic acid enhanced the angiogenic capability of human chondrocytes by regulating Gi/NF-kB-dependent angiogenic factor expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95180. [PMID: 24879414 PMCID: PMC4039431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been found to mediate myeloid differentiation, stimulate osteogenesis, alter cell proliferation and migration, and inhibit apoptosis in chondrocytes. The effect of LPA on the angiogenic capability of chondrocytes is not clear. This study aimed to investigate its effect on the angiogenic capability of human chondrocytes and the underlying mechanism of these effects. Human chondrocyte cell line, CHON-001, commercialized human chondrocytes (HC) derived from normal human articular cartilage, and human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as cell models in this study. The angiogenic capability of chondrocytes was determined by capillary tube formation, monolayer permeability, cell migration, and cell proliferation. An angiogenesis protein array kit was used to evaluate the secretion of angiogenic factors in conditioned medium. Angiogenin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA and protein expressions were evaluated by Q-RT-PCR and EIA, respectively. LPA receptor (LPAR) expression was determined by RT-PCR. Signaling pathways were clarified using inhibitors, Western blot analysis, and reporter assays. The LPA treatment promoted the angiogenic capability of CHON-001 cells and HC, resulting in enhanced HUVEC capillary tube formation, monolayer permeability, migration, and cell growth. Angiogenin, IGFBP-1, IL-8, MCP-1, MMP-9, and VEGF mRNA and protein expressions were significantly enhanced in LPA-treated chondrocytes. LPA2, 3, 4 and 6 were expressed in CHON-001 and HC cells. Pretreatment with the Gi/o type G protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin (PTX), and the NF-kB inhibitor, PDTC, significantly inhibited LPA-induced angiogenin, IGFBP-1, IL-8, MCP-1, MMP-9, and VEGF expressions in chondrocytes. The PTX pretreatment also inhibited LPA-mediated NF-kB activation, suggesting the presence of active Gi/NF-kB signaling in CHON-001 and HC cells. The effect of LPA on the angiogenesis-inducing capacity of chondrocytes may be due to the increased angiogenesis factor expression via the Gi/NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chuang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hua Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Zern Hong
- Department of Physical therapy, HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Jium Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Fransson L, Rosengren V, Saha TK, Grankvist N, Islam T, Honkanen RE, Sjöholm Å, Ortsäter H. Mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein phosphatase 5 mediate glucocorticoid-induced cytotoxicity in pancreatic islets and β-cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 383:126-36. [PMID: 24361515 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid excess is associated with glucose intolerance and diabetes. In addition to inducing insulin resistance, glucocorticoids impair β-cell function and cause β-cell apoptosis. In this study we show that dexamethasone activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling in MIN6 β-cells, as evident by enhanced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In contrast, the integrated stress response pathway was inhibited by dexamethasone. A p38 MAPK inhibitor attenuated dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in β-cells and isolated islets and decreased glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation at S220. In contrast, a JNK inhibitor augmented DNA fragmentation and dexamethasone-induced formation of cleaved caspase 3. We also show that inhibition of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) augments apoptosis in dexamethasone-exposed islets and β-cells, with a concomitant activation of p38 MAPK. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that in islets and β-cells, p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation work in concert with PP5 to regulate the cytotoxic effects exerted by glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Fransson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria Rosengren
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Titu Kumar Saha
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Grankvist
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tohidul Islam
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard E Honkanen
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Internal Medicine, Södertälje Hospital, SE 152 86 Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Åke Sjöholm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Södertälje Hospital, SE 152 86 Södertälje, Sweden; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Henrik Ortsäter
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Research Unit, Södertälje Hospital, SE-152 86 Södertälje, Sweden.
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24
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Burke SJ, Lu D, Sparer TE, Masi T, Goff MR, Karlstad MD, Collier JJ. NF-κB and STAT1 control CXCL1 and CXCL2 gene transcription. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E131-49. [PMID: 24280128 PMCID: PMC3920007 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00347.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus results from immune cell invasion into pancreatic islets of Langerhans, eventually leading to selective destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. How this process is initiated is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the regulation of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes, which encode proteins that promote migration of CXCR2(+) cells, such as neutrophils, toward secreting tissue. Herein, we found that IL-1β markedly enhanced the expression of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes in rat islets and β-cell lines, which resulted in increased secretion of each of these proteins. CXCL1 and CXCL2 also stimulated the expression of specific integrin proteins on the surface of human neutrophils. Mutation of a consensus NF-κB genomic sequence present in both gene promoters reduced the ability of IL-1β to promote transcription. In addition, IL-1β induced binding of the p65 and p50 subunits of NF-κB to these consensus κB regulatory elements as well as to additional κB sites located near the core promoter regions of each gene. Additionally, serine-phosphorylated STAT1 bound to the promoters of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes. We further found that IL-1β induced specific posttranslational modifications to histone H3 in a time frame congruent with transcription factor binding and transcript accumulation. We conclude that IL-1β-mediated regulation of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes in pancreatic β-cells requires stimulus-induced changes in histone chemical modifications, recruitment of the NF-κB and STAT1 transcription factors to genomic regulatory sequences within the proximal gene promoters, and increases in phosphorylated forms of RNA polymerase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Burke
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
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25
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Osterlund CD, Thompson V, Hinds L, Spencer RL. Absence of glucocorticoids augments stress-induced Mkp1 mRNA expression within the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:1-11. [PMID: 24287620 PMCID: PMC3869093 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced activation of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons trigger CRH release and synthesis. Recent findings have suggested that this process depends on the intracellular activation (phosphorylation) of ERK1/2 within CRH neurons. We have recently shown that the presence of glucocorticoids constrains stress-stimulated phosphorylation of PVN ERK1/2. In some peripheral cell types, dephosphorylation of ERK has been shown to be promoted by direct glucocorticoid upregulation of the MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (Mkp1) gene. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that glucocorticoids regulate Mkp1 mRNA expression in the neural forebrain (medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC, and PVN) and endocrine tissue (anterior pituitary) by subjecting young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to various glucocorticoid manipulations with or without acute psychological stress (restraint). Restraint led to a rapid increase in Mkp1 mRNA within the mPFC, PVN, and anterior pituitary, and this increase did not require glucocorticoid activity. In contrast to glucocorticoid upregulation of Mkp1 gene expression in the peripheral tissues, we found that the absence of glucocorticoids (as a result of adrenalectomy) augmented basal mPFC and stress-induced PVN and anterior pituitary Mkp1 gene expression. Taken together, this study indicates that the presence of glucocorticoids may constrain Mkp1 gene expression in the neural forebrain and endocrine tissues. This possible constraint may be an indirect consequence of the inhibitory influence of glucocorticoids on stress-induced activation of ERK1/2, a known upstream positive regulator of Mkp1 gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Osterlund
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, UCB 345, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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26
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Burke SJ, Updegraff BL, Bellich RM, Goff MR, Lu D, Minkin SC, Karlstad MD, Collier JJ. Regulation of iNOS gene transcription by IL-1β and IFN-γ requires a coactivator exchange mechanism. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:1724-42. [PMID: 24014650 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ decrease functional islet β-cell mass in part through the increased expression of specific genes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Dysregulated iNOS protein accumulation leads to overproduction of nitric oxide, which induces DNA damage, impairs β-cell function, and ultimately diminishes cellular viability. However, the transcriptional mechanisms underlying cytokine-mediated expression of the iNOS gene are not completely understood. Herein, we demonstrated that individual mutations within the proximal and distal nuclear factor-κB sites impaired cytokine-mediated transcriptional activation. Surprisingly, mutating IFN-γ-activated site (GAS) elements in the iNOS gene promoter, which are classically responsive to IFN-γ, modulated transcriptional sensitivity to IL-1β. Transcriptional sensitivity to IL-1β was increased by generation of a consensus GAS element and decreased correspondingly with 1 or 2 nucleotide divergences from the consensus sequence. The nuclear factor-κB subunits p65 and p50 bound to the κB response elements in an IL-1β-dependent manner. IL-1β also promoted binding of serine-phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) (Ser727) but not tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 (Tyr701) to GAS elements. However, phosphorylation at Tyr701 was required for IFN-γ to potentiate the IL-1β response. Furthermore, coactivator p300 and coactivator arginine methyltransferase were recruited to the iNOS gene promoter with concomitant displacement of the coactivator CREB-binding protein in cells exposed to IL-1β. Moreover, these coordinated changes in factor recruitment were associated with alterations in acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation of histone proteins. We conclude that p65 and STAT1 cooperate to control iNOS gene transcription in response to proinflammatory cytokines by a coactivator exchange mechanism. This increase in transcription is also associated with signal-specific chromatin remodeling that leads to RNA polymerase II recruitment and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Burke
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, 1215 Cumberland Avenue, 229 JHB, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1920.
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27
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Miyazaki D, Mihara S, Inata K, Sasaki SI, Tominaga T, Yakura K, Ishida W, Fukushima A, Inoue Y. Pharmacologic Inhibition of IκB Kinase Activates Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:96-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Burke SJ, Goff MR, Lu D, Proud D, Karlstad MD, Collier JJ. Synergistic Expression of the CXCL10 Gene in Response to IL-1β and IFN-γ Involves NF-κB, Phosphorylation of STAT1 at Tyr701, and Acetylation of Histones H3 and H4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:323-36. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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