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Yao L, Ngai CSB, Singh RG, Chen F. Social Media Users' Engagement with Fear Appeal Elements in Government's Health Crisis Communication via State-Owned Media. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 29:524-537. [PMID: 39021348 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2378338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Government health messaging is significant to the containment of public health crises. Such communication may benefit from using fear appeal, a message strategy for promoting health and preventing diseases. Yet little scholarly attention has been paid to how fear appeal is employed in government messaging to promote social media engagement through online actions including likes, shares, and comments. These actions play a meaningful role in addressing communication exigencies within the context of health crises. In this study, quantitative content analysis and corpus linguistics methods were employed to analyze fear appeal-related elements in COVID-19 messages sent by a state-owned media outlet on social media. The results show that when compared to messages without threat, messages conveying threat elicited significantly more comments, in which emotions and perceptions to threat and efficacy were exhibited, while messages containing both threat and efficacy generated more engagement in comparison to messages with threat alone. Moreover, while subdimensions under efficacy were positive predictors of engagement, those under threat were primarily found to have exerted negative effects. The findings provide insights into how fear appeal elements can be employed in government health crisis communication to engage the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yao
- Faculty of Humanities, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cindy Sing Bik Ngai
- Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rita Gill Singh
- Language Centre, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Faculty of Humanities, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Wang H, Song W, Wang Y, Wu X. Monkeypox Knowledge Investigation and Knowledge Gap Analysis: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey in China. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:2741-2756. [PMID: 38107440 PMCID: PMC10725750 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s442135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monkeypox, as a significant public health concern, warrants a thorough investigation into public knowledge and understanding. Especially in non-endemic areas like China, exploring the factors contributing to knowledge and understanding gaps is crucial for effective disease management and prevention strategies. Objective This study aims to assess the level of monkeypox knowledge among the Chinese public and to identify the factors that influence this knowledge, particularly focusing on the knowledge gaps between different educational groups. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 720 participants stratified by age, between July and August 2023. The survey used a modified monkeypox knowledge questionnaire, and hierarchical regression analysis was employed to analyze the data. Results The study revealed a significant knowledge gap in the understanding of monkeypox among the Chinese public. Key factors influencing this knowledge included educational level, perceived relevance of information, interpersonal communication, and exposure to social media and official health websites. Notably, exposure to social media was found to widen the knowledge gap between different educational groups, with its positive impact more pronounced in individuals with at least a junior high school education. Conclusion The findings emphasize the need for varied communication strategies to effectively disseminate information about monkeypox and bridge the existing knowledge gaps. Tailoring health communication to different educational levels and utilizing diverse information sources are crucial for improving public understanding and containment of monkeypox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Journalism and Information Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei, 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiwen Wu
- School of Media and Communication, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Kambayashi D, Manabe T, Hirohara M, Akatsu H. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Survey among Nursing Care Workers Involved in Caring for Older Adults during the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12993. [PMID: 36293574 PMCID: PMC9602712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192012993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Japan undergoes population aging, nursing care workers play an important role in supporting older adults in the community, which has been particularly critical during COVID-19 pandemic. However, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among nursing care workers regarding COVID-19 have not been fully elucidated. METHODS A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in June 2020 among 481 nursing care workers in the nursing care facilities in Aichi, Japan. We assessed COVID-19-related KAP scores of nursing care workers, and compared them by age, sex, and years of experience. RESULTS A total of 481 nursing care workers responded to the survey. Out of a maximum of 10 points, the mean (standard deviations) knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 6.86 (1.45), 7.11 (1.42), and 7.40 (1.89), respectively. Comparisons between the KAP scores revealed significantly higher knowledge scores among older workers (p < 0.001) and significantly higher knowledge scores (p = 0.002) and practice scores (p = 0.033) among workers with more than 20 years of working experience. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that older age and a longer duration of experience were associated with higher COVID-19-related knowledge and practice scores. To better support older adults, it is essential to improve the education system for care workers and to provide environments for delivering necessary information rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kambayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Education and Research on Clinical Pharmacy, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
- Department of Medical Innovation, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Toshie Manabe
- Department of Medical Innovation, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
- Center for Clinical Research, Nagoya City University West Medical Center, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hirohara
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Education and Research on Clinical Pharmacy, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
- Fukushimura Hospital, Toyohashi 441-8124, Japan
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Srivastava RK, Bhanot S. Study on the impact of COVID‐19 on the purchase and mental behaviour of Indian consumers during lockdown. INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022; 72:437-459. [PMID: 35602315 PMCID: PMC9111629 DOI: 10.1111/issj.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K. Srivastava
- Professor and HOD‐Marketing and Research Sydenham Institute of Management University of Mumbai‐160 years of standing
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Whelan MG, Le QB, Hall DC. The Impact of Experiences and Perceptions of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) on Water-Related Biosecurity Behaviour in Rural Vietnam. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2021; 41:2240-2265. [PMID: 33998026 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Southeast Asia from 2004 to 2006, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) resulted in culling 45 million birds and jeopardizing sustainable agricultural production. HPAI is highly virulent; small-scale farms present a high-risk environment for disease transmission between animals and humans. We investigated how attitudes toward HPAI influence water-related biosecurity mitigation behaviors on small-scale farms in Vietnam using the conceptual framework Social Cognitive Theory. METHOD We analyzed a secondary cross-sectional data set from northern (Thai Binh) and southern (An Giang) provinces in Vietnam, describing a stratified randomized selection of 600 small-scale farmers who were interviewed using questionnaires and in-person interviews. Logistic regression analysis and odds ratios were used to examine relationships between factors influencing HPAI attitudes, social norms, perceived importance, and behaviors (α = 0.10) RESULTS: Concern about the severity of HPAI was significantly associated with increased perceived importance for all water management biosecurity methods (p < 0.01). Media and/or peer influence had negative effects on perceived importance to practice water-related biosecurity (p < 0.10). High importance of practice water-related biosecurity resulted in high uptake (p < 0.05). Past experiences with HPAI were significant in predicting perceived importance; none were significant in describing behavior uptake. DISCUSSION Biosecurity guidelines may not be consistent with management styles of Vietnamese small-scale farms; perceived importance of a behavior may be an important mediating variable. Gaps exist in uptake of water management practices as biosecurity for HPAI, potentially negatively affected by peer and media influence. Our results should be of interest to public health and policy authorities addressing HPAI mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairéad G Whelan
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Quynh B Le
- Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David C Hall
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Fernandez SC, Fernandez JP. Knowledge of people in the East London District of South Africa about Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: an online survey. ABCS HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.7322/abcshs.2021094.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: World Health Organization declared Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic after two months of its propagation in China. The lack of coordination among people about the new Coronavirus threat is evident mainly due to the dearth of knowledge. Objective: To assess the knowledge of people in the East London district of South Africa about Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The study was anchored on a quantitative method approach and adopted a descriptive research design. The sample consisted of 160 adults. Using the virtual snowball sampling technique, people who were 18 years and above of age and can read English were selected for the online survey. The data were collected using a 3-point Likert scale questionnaire which was uploaded in Google Form. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The majority of the participants knew the myths and facts about the news. They were aware that wearing a face mask prevents Coronavirus transmission, drinking liquor and using hand dryers would not kill the virus. Some people were not sure whether eating garlic or rinsing the nose regularly with saline water would help to prevent from being affected by Coronavirus. The findings also showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) among different age groups of people on their knowledge about the Coronavirus. Conclusion: By comparing the overall findings with the facts issued by World Health Organization, people in the East London district of South Africa had sound knowledge about Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on its transmission and what preventive measures should be taken.
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Manabe T, Phan D, Nohara Y, Kambayashi D, Nguyen TH, Van Do T, Kudo K. Spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 during the first 7 months of the epidemic in Vietnam. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1124. [PMID: 34717588 PMCID: PMC8556820 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of emerging infectious diseases is crucial for implementation of control measures. In the first 7 months from the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam has documented comparatively few cases of COVID-19. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of these cases may contribute to development of global countermeasures. METHODS We assessed the spatiotemporal distribution of COVID-19 from 23 January to 31 July 2020 in Vietnam. Data were collected from reports of the World Health Organization, the Vietnam Ministry of Health, and related websites. Temporal distribution was assessed via the transmission classification (local or quarantined cases). Geographical distribution was assessed via the number of cases in each province along with their timelines. The most likely disease clusters with elevated incidence were assessed via calculation of the relative risk (RR). RESULTS Among 544 observed cases of COVID-19, the median age was 35 years, 54.8% were men, and 50.9% were diagnosed during quarantine. During the observation period, there were four phases: Phase 1, COVID-19 cases occurred sporadically in January and February 2020; Phase 2, an epidemic wave occurred from the 1st week of March to the middle of April (Wave 1); Phase 3, only quarantining cases were involved; and Phase 4, a second epidemic wave began on July 25th, 2020 (Wave 2). A spatial cluster in Phase 1 was detected in Vinh Phuc Province (RR, 38.052). In Phase 2, primary spatial clusters were identified in the areas of Hanoi and Ha Nam Province (RR, 6.357). In Phase 4, a spatial cluster was detected in Da Nang, a popular coastal tourist destination (RR, 70.401). CONCLUSIONS Spatial disease clustering of COVID-19 in Vietnam was associated with large cities, tourist destinations, people's mobility, and the occurrence of nosocomial infections. Past experiences with outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases led to quick implementation of governmental countermeasures against COVID-19 and a general acceptance of these measures by the population. The behaviors of the population and the government, as well as the country's age distribution, may have contributed to the low incidence and small number of severe COVID-19 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Manabe
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601 Japan
- Nagoya City University West Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Dung Phan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Yasuhiro Nohara
- Utsunomiya University Center for Regional Design, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Dan Kambayashi
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601 Japan
- Showa Pharmaceutical University Center for Education and Research on Clinical Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thang Huu Nguyen
- School for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Van Do
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Koichiro Kudo
- Yurin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kambayashi D, Manabe T, Kawade Y, Hirohara M. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 among pharmacists partnering with community residents: A national survey in Japan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258805. [PMID: 34699545 PMCID: PMC8547690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacists play an important role in reducing COVID-19-related secondary health problems. However, the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 among pharmacists in Japan have not yet been elucidated. METHODS We conducted a web-based questionnaire survey among 1,137 pharmacists working in health support pharmacies (HSPs) in Japan. These pharmacists are responsible for providing health consultations to community residents. We assessed COVID-19-related KAP among pharmacists and compared the results for two age groups: ≤49 years and ≥50 years. We used multiple regression analysis to examine which factors influence KAP scores regarding COVID-19. RESULTS From among the 2,141 HSPs in Japan, a total of 1,137 pharmacists, each representing a different HSP, responded to the survey. The results indicated that since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacists have been providing consultations about COVID-19 to local residents, covering topics such as "Effective infection prevention methods" (60.6%) and "What the COVID-19 pandemic would be" (48.8%). Importantly, 73.5% of the pharmacists felt they "did not have enough information about COVID-19." The main information resources about COVID-19 were Internet (91.2%) and television (78.9%). Across all respondents, the mean knowledge score (4.17/10) was lower than the mean scores for attitudes (7.26/10) and practices (5.79/10). Multiple regression analysis showed that having enough information about COVID-19 was a factor strongly associated with total KAP scores (p<0.001; 95% confidence interval, -1.344 to -0.540). CONCLUSIONS Pharmacists working in community pharmacies provide residents with information related to COVID-19. In this role as a health partner, these pharmacists need a way to strengthen and expand their knowledge, and moreover, their ability to support community residents. Learning more about the available academic and scientific information, as well as having access to accurate epidemiological information, can offer a means of reaching these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Kambayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Education and Research on Clinical Pharmacy, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Innovation, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshie Manabe
- Department of Medical Innovation, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Clinical Research, Nagoya City University West Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawade
- Department of Community-Based Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hirohara
- Laboratory of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Education and Research on Clinical Pharmacy, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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Cao M, Chen Y, Wang A, Xiang R, Chen Z. Rural and Female Patients with Old Myocardial Infarction Lacked Knowledge and Preventive Measures During the Beginning of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Chongqing, Southwest China. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928512. [PMID: 34511593 PMCID: PMC8448519 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global threat. This study was performed to gain an understanding of COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among susceptible individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients who had been diagnosed with old myocardial infarction were followed up via telephone survey based on an established follow-up system at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak (January 2020) in Chongqing, Southwest China. RESULTS A total of 631 eligible patients participated in this survey, and 40.6% of the rural respondents did not know the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2, which was higher than the proportion of urban respondents (40.6% vs 31.0). Rural residents had a lower rate of adopting preventive measures than urban residents, such as wearing masks (76.7% vs 90.1%), avoiding meetings and gatherings (58.6% vs 68.5%), and hand washing (56.0% vs 63.8%). A higher percentage of women than men did not take any preventive measures (11.3% vs 7.6%), while a lower percentage of women than men wore masks (77.7% vs 84.5%). Multiple logistic regression revealed that rural patients were more likely to lack knowledge about transmission (odds ratio (OR): 1.51). Rural patients had an increased risk of failing to implement protective measures. CONCLUSIONS Female and rural populations lacked knowledge and failed to adopt protective measures during the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic. Therefore, these populations may benefit from health education campaigns and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Yongchuan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Rongping Xiang
- Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Rincón Uribe FA, Godinho RCDS, Machado MAS, Oliveira KRDSG, Neira Espejo CA, de Sousa NCV, de Sousa LL, Barbalho MVM, Piani PPF, Pedroso JDS. Health knowledge, health behaviors and attitudes during pandemic emergencies: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256731. [PMID: 34492047 PMCID: PMC8423234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with good health knowledge present a conceptual and objective appropriation of general and specific health topics, increasing their probability to express health protection and prevention measures. The main objective of this study was to conduct a rapid systematic review about the effects of health knowledge on the adoption of health behaviors and attitudes in populations under pandemic emergencies. METHODS A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA checklist and the Cochrane method for rapid systematic reviews. Studies searches were performed in APA PsycNet, Embase, Cochrane Library and PubMed Central. Studies published between January 2009 and June 2020 and whose primary results reported a measure of interaction between health knowledge, health attitudes and behaviors in population groups during pandemics were included. A review protocol was recorded in PROSPERO (CRD42020183347). RESULTS Out of a total of 5791 studies identified in the databases, 13 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies contain a population of 26099 adults, grouped into cohorts of health workers, university students, clinical patients, and the general population. Health knowledge has an important influence on the adoption of health behaviors and attitudes in pandemic contexts. CONCLUSIONS The consolidation of these preventive measures favors the consolidation of public rapid responses to infection outbreaks. Findings of this review indicate that health knowledge notably favors adoption of health behaviors and practices. Therefore, health knowledge based on clear and objective information would help them understand and adopt rapid responses to face a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cristian Ariel Neira Espejo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencia Sociales y Comunicación, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Leonardo Lucas de Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil
| | | | | | - Janari da Silva Pedroso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Teoria e Pesquisa do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil
- Bolsista Produtividade CNPq - Nível 2, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Khaw SWS, Vu LT, Yulianto D, Meers J, Henning J. Transport of Moving Duck Flocks in Indonesia and Vietnam: Management Practices That Potentially Impact Avian Pathogen Dissemination. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:673624. [PMID: 34307523 PMCID: PMC8299275 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.673624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus is endemic in Indonesia and Vietnam, where “moving” duck production is commonly practiced. Questionnaire surveys were conducted with transporters of “moving” duck flocks in Indonesia (N = 55) and Vietnam (N = 43). The main purpose of transportation was to transport duck flocks between rice paddies used for scavenging. Trucks were commonly utilized for transport in both countries (Indonesia: 98.2%, 54/55; Vietnam: 37.2%, 16/43), while boats were only used in Vietnam (62.8%, 27/43). Transporters in Vietnam moved larger flocks and traveled over longer distances. Deaths of ducks due to diseases were reported in both countries (Indonesia: 16.4%, 9/55; Vietnam: 4.7%, 2/43; p = 0.11). Throwing away of carcasses was the primary method of disposal of dead birds in Indonesia (60.0%, 33/55), but was not practiced in Vietnam (p < 0.001), while more transporters in Vietnam (34.9%, 15/43) buried carcasses compared to Indonesia (6.8%, 4/55; p = 0.001). Consumption of carcasses (20.9%, 9/43), sale of dead ducks (14.0%, 6/43) and processing of ducks for fish feed (9.3%, 4/43) was conducted in Vietnam, but not in Indonesia. Vehicles were predominantly cleaned in rivers and stored outside in Vietnam, while cleaning and storage was usually conducted in houses/garages in Indonesia. In conclusion, we identified management practices that potentially impact transmission of avian pathogens, such as HPAI virus. In Indonesia, unsafe management practices were related to multipurpose usage of transport vehicles and disposal of birds in the environment, while in Vietnam, they were related to the mixing of birds during transport, the processing of dead carcasses and the storage and cleaning of transport vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wen Stacy Khaw
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Le Tri Vu
- Regional Animal Health Centre VI, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Joanne Meers
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Joerg Henning
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
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Wu G, Deng X, Liu B. Using fear appeal theories to understand the effects of location information of patients on citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:1-13. [PMID: 34177210 PMCID: PMC8214981 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the effects of location information of patients has significant theoretical and practical implications for public crisis management and health communication. Based on fear appeal theories, this research proposed a chain reaction model that links physical distance to the nearest patients, which is informed by the location information of patients, citizens' anxiety, attention to information and preventive behaviors. To test the hypothesized model, we conducted a study during the COVID-19 outbreak in mainland China in March 2020. The survey of 2061 people from 244 cities across 30 provinces showed that physical distance to confirmed cases has a significant influence on citizens' anxiety, which in turn can improve their preventive behaviors through the mediating factor of attention to information. In addition, this research also revealed the twofold effects of vertical collectivism as a personality trait on anxiety. These findings will provide support to help governments take actions to reduce citizens' anxiety and promote preventive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Wu
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China 300072
| | - Xiaopeng Deng
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 2 Southeast University Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province People’s Republic of China 211189
| | - Bingsheng Liu
- School of Public Affairs, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China 400044
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Favieri F, Forte G, Tambelli R, Casagrande M. The Italians in the Time of Coronavirus: Psychosocial Aspects of the Unexpected COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:551924. [PMID: 33854444 PMCID: PMC8039140 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.551924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide public health emergency that forced the Italian Government to deliberate unprecedented actions, including quarantine, with a relevant impact on the population. The present study is one of the first Italian nationwide survey within the first period of the COVID-19 outbreak aimed to understand the social and psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: An online survey collected information on sociodemographic data, history of direct or indirect contact with COVID-19, and other information concerning the COVID-19 emergency. The General Psychological Well-Being Index and a modified version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, focused on the COVID-19 experience, assessed the respondents' general psychological condition. Results: Of 1,639 respondents equally distributed in the Italian territory, 5.1% reported PTSD symptomatology, and 48.2% evidenced lower psychological well-being linked to COVID-19 diffusion. Lower psychological well-being was significantly higher in women, younger than 50 years, and with health risk factors. Lower psychological well-being was also detected in individuals who did not know if they were infected, who have had direct exposure or were uncertain about their exposure to COVID-19, or who knew infected people. Regarding the social and behavioral consequences, respondents perceived worsening in demographic, economic, social, and relational conditions. Moreover, they reported increased film viewing, cookhouse time, social media use, and decreased physical activity. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic appears to be a risk factor for psychological diseases in the Italian population, as previously reported in the Chinese people. About half of the respondents reported a significant psychological impact. Moreover, we confirmed the role of restraining measures that led to modify lifestyles, social perception, and confidence in the institutions. These results underline the need for further studies aimed to develop psychological interventions to minimize the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Casagrande
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Carter P, Megnin-Viggars O, Rubin GJ. What Factors Influence Symptom Reporting and Access to Healthcare During an Emerging Infectious Disease Outbreak? A Rapid Review of the Evidence. Health Secur 2021; 19:353-363. [PMID: 33416425 PMCID: PMC8403196 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2020.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During any emerging infectious disease outbreak, people with symptoms of the illness are asked to report to a health service immediately to facilitate contact tracing. Several factors may influence a person's willingness to report symptoms and their ability to access healthcare services. Understanding these factors has become urgent during the COVID-19 pandemic. To determine which factors influence symptom reporting during an emerging infectious disease outbreak, we conducted a rapid review of the evidence. Studies included in the review were based on primary research, published in a peer-reviewed journal, written in English, included factors associated with symptom reporting or accessing healthcare, and were related to a major public health incident involving an infectious disease outbreak. Five themes were identified as facilitators of symptom reporting or accessing healthcare: accurate and informative communication about the disease and the need to seek help, symptom severity, concern about disease exposure, ease of access to healthcare facilities, and relationship with the healthcare provider. Seven themes were identified as barriers to symptom reporting or accessing healthcare: lack of knowledge of the disease and its treatment, fear of the disease and fear of subsequent treatments or requirements, stigmatization attached to having a disease, invasion of privacy, low concern about symptoms, economic consequences of disease diagnosis, and challenges related to attending a healthcare facility. For contract tracing services to be effective, members of the public need to have the capability, opportunity, and motivation to use them. The themes identified should be used to evaluate information provided to the public to ensure as many people as possible with relevant symptoms report them to a healthcare provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Carter
- Patrice Carter, PhD, and Odette Megnin-Viggars, PhD, are Senior Systematic Reviewers; both at the Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK. Patrice Carter is also a Senior Systematic Reviewer, Health Economics & Outcomes Research Ltd, Cardiff, UK. G. James Rubin, PhD, is Assistant Director, Health Protection Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Odette Megnin-Viggars
- Patrice Carter, PhD, and Odette Megnin-Viggars, PhD, are Senior Systematic Reviewers; both at the Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK. Patrice Carter is also a Senior Systematic Reviewer, Health Economics & Outcomes Research Ltd, Cardiff, UK. G. James Rubin, PhD, is Assistant Director, Health Protection Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - G James Rubin
- Patrice Carter, PhD, and Odette Megnin-Viggars, PhD, are Senior Systematic Reviewers; both at the Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK. Patrice Carter is also a Senior Systematic Reviewer, Health Economics & Outcomes Research Ltd, Cardiff, UK. G. James Rubin, PhD, is Assistant Director, Health Protection Unit in Emergency Preparedness and Response, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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Sun X, Xie F, Chen B, Shi P, Shen S, Chen Z, Yuan Y, Zhang M, Qin X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Dai Q. Negative Emotions in Chinese Frontline Medical Staff During the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Epidemic: Status, Trend, and Influential Pathways Based on a National Investigation. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:567446. [PMID: 35002787 PMCID: PMC8732867 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.567446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), declared as a major public health emergency, has had profound effects on public mental health especially emotional status. Due to professional requirements, medical staff are at a higher risk of infection, which might induce stronger negative emotions. This study aims to reveal the emotional status of Chinese frontline medical staff in the early epidemic period to better maintain their mental health, and provide adequate psychological support for them. Methods: A national online survey was carried out in China at the early stage of the COVID-19 epidemic. In total, 3025 Chinese frontline medical staff took part in this investigation which utilized a general information questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire (BEQ). Results: At the early stage of COVID-19, anxiety was the most common negative emotion of Chinese medical staff, followed by sadness, fear, and anger, mainly at a mild degree, which declined gradually over time. Nurses had the highest level of negative emotions compared with doctors and other healthcare workers. Women experienced more fear than men, younger and unmarried medical staff had more anxiety and fear compared with elders and married ones. Risk perception and emotional expressivity increased negative emotions, cognitive reappraisal reduced negative emotions, while negative emotions led to more avoidant behavior and more physical health disturbances, in which negative emotions mediated the effect of risk perception on avoidant behavior tendency in the model test. Conclusion: Chinese frontline medical staff experienced a mild level of negative emotions at the early stage of COVID-19, which decreased gradually over time. The findings suggest that during the epidemic, nurses' mental health should be extensively attended to, as well as women, younger, and unmarried medical staff. To better ensure their mental health, reducing risk perception and improving cognitive reappraisal might be important, which are potentially valuable to form targeted psychological interventions and emotional guidance under crisis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beijing Chen
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peixia Shi
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sitong Shen
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaohua Chen
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengjia Zhang
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzhe Liu
- Hospital of the 81st Group Army PLA, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Teaching and Research Support Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Dai
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
This study aimed to describe knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in controlling COVID-19 and some related factors among the Vietnamese population in 2020. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1999 participants aged 18–59 years old, through an online questionnaire. The results showed that 92.2% of the participants had a high knowledge level regarding COVID-19 prevention measures, 68.6% had a positive attitude toward COVID-19 prevention measures, and 75.8% practiced all six measures for preventing the spread of the virus. Age, sex, marital status, knowledge, and fear were significantly associated with the practices aimed at COVID-19 prevention. Married people and participants with high levels of knowledge were more likely to practice all preventive measures. In contrast, young people, men, and those who fear COVID-19 were less likely to practice all preventative measures. Good KAP among Vietnamese people could be an important factor in helping authorities gain initial success in containing the coronavirus and COVID-19. In addition to continuously raising and maintaining the community's awareness, attitude, and practices in disease prevention, the introduction and strict implementation of sanctions and regulations were also important in ensuring good practices were implemented and sustained over time. Groups with lower KAP levels should be provided with more information and support to promote appropriate disease prevention practices.
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Raccanello D, Vicentini G, Rocca E, Barnaba V, Hall R, Burro R. Development and Early Implementation of a Public Communication Campaign to Help Adults to Support Children and Adolescents to Cope With Coronavirus-Related Emotions: A Community Case Study. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2184. [PMID: 33013563 PMCID: PMC7511710 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemics and pandemics can traumatically impact the emotional wellbeing of adults, children, and adolescents in diverse ways. This impact can be reduced by applying a range of evidence-based coping strategies. Based on previous research, we created a pamphlet-based communication campaign designed to assist adults to provide support for young people confronted with emotional distress associated with the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] and the related disease [coronavirus disease (COVID-19)] in 2020. We developed a pamphlet describing the common emotions children and adolescents report feeling in the face of disasters and the coping strategies that have proven effective in mitigating them. The target population was adults who interact with children and adolescents in both formal and informal settings. The pamphlet included basic information on this specific emergency, emotions that might be commonly experienced, and coping strategies for dealing with negative emotions. The aim of this paper is to describe the planning, development, and implementation of the campaign. First, we monitored how the media gave visibility to the campaign during the 40 days following the release of the pamphlet: it potentially reached a large audience at a national and international level through at least 216 media channels included the HEMOT® (Helmet for EMOTions) website. Second, Google Analytics™ data from the HEMOT® website enabled us to examine the characteristics of the visitors to the website and the behavior of those who viewed the pamphlet. More than 6,000 visitors, most from Europe followed by the Americas, visited the website in the first 40 days after the pamphlet publication. The webpage including the pamphlet obtained over 6,200 views, most directly or via other websites. A cluster analysis suggested that the access to the webpage did not mirror the trend concerning the new cases of COVID-19 in Italy (which increased during the central phase of the campaign) or worldwide (which continued to increase across the 40 days). Third, data gathered with a convenience sample of adults who had consulted the pamphlet provided a perspective on the comprehensibility of the messages conveyed by the pamphlet and on the utility for children and adolescents. The process we have demonstrated in this example could be replicated in different communities and settings to respond to the spread of the COVID-19 or to respond to other widespread or more localized disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giada Vicentini
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emmanuela Rocca
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Veronica Barnaba
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rob Hall
- Environmetrics Pty Ltd., Killara, NSW, Australia
| | - Roberto Burro
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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18
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Hidano A, Gates MC, Enticott G. Farmers' Decision Making on Livestock Trading Practices: Cowshed Culture and Behavioral Triggers Amongst New Zealand Dairy Farmers. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:320. [PMID: 31620458 PMCID: PMC6763585 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of farmers' failure to implement biosecurity practices frequently frame their behavior as a lack of intention. More recent studies have argued that farmers' behaviors should be conceptualized as emergent from farming experiences rather than a direct consequence of specific intentions. Drawing on the concepts of “cowshed” culture and the “Trigger Change Model,” we explore how farmers' livestock purchasing behavior is shaped by farms' natural and physical environments and identify what triggers behavioral change amongst farmers. Using bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in New Zealand as a case example, qualitative research was conducted with 15 New Zealand dairy producers with varying bTB experiences. We show how farmers' livestock purchasing behavior evolve with culture under a given farm environment. However, established cultures may be disrupted by various triggers such as disease outbreaks, introductions of animals with undesired characteristics, and farm relocation. While dealing with economic and socio-emotional impacts posed by triggers, farmers reorganize their culture and trading behaviors, which may involve holistic biosecurity strategies. Nevertheless, we also show that these triggers instigate only small behavioral changes for some farmers, suggesting the role of the trigger is likely to be context-dependent. Using voluntary disease control schemes such as providing disease status of source farms has attracted great interest as a driver of behavioral change. One hopes such schemes are easily integrated into existing farm practices, however, we speculate such an integration is challenging for many farmers due to path-dependency. We therefore argue that these schemes may fail to bring their intended behavioral changes without a greater understanding of how different types of triggers work in different situations. We need a paradigm shift in how we frame farmers' livestock trading practices. Otherwise, we may not able to answer our questions about farm biosecurity if we continue to approaching these questions solely from a biosecurity point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Hidano
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M Carolyn Gates
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Enticott
- Cardiff School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Risk and Response to Biological Catastrophe in Lower Income Countries. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 424:85-105. [PMID: 31127360 PMCID: PMC7121610 DOI: 10.1007/82_2019_162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural and intentional biological risks threaten human civilization, both through direct human fatality as well as follow-on effects from a collapse of the just-in-time delivery system that provides food, energy and critical supplies to communities globally. Human beings have multiple innate cognitive biases that systematically impair careful consideration of these risks. Residents of low-income countries, especially those who live in rural areas and are less dependent upon global trade, may be the most resilient communities to catastrophic risks, but low-income countries also present a heightened risk for biological catastrophe. Hotspots for the emergence of new zoonotic diseases are predominantly located in low-income countries. Crowded, poorly supplied healthcare facilities in low-income countries provide an optimal environment for new pathogens to transmit to a next host and adapt for more efficient person-to-person transmission. Strategies to address these risks include overcoming our natural biases and recognizing the importance of these risks, avoiding an over-reliance on developing specific biological countermeasures, developing generalized social and behavioral responses and investing in resilience.
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20
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Hidano A, Enticott G, Christley RM, Gates MC. Modeling Dynamic Human Behavioral Changes in Animal Disease Models: Challenges and Opportunities for Addressing Bias. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:137. [PMID: 29977897 PMCID: PMC6021519 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, infectious disease modeling has become an essential tool for creating counterfactual scenarios that allow the effectiveness of different disease control policies to be evaluated prior to implementation in the real world. For livestock diseases, these models have become increasingly sophisticated as researchers have gained access to rich national livestock traceability databases, which enables inclusion of explicit spatial and temporal patterns in animal movements through network-based approaches. However, there are still many limitations in how we currently model animal disease dynamics. Critical among these is that many models make the assumption that human behaviors remain constant over time. As many studies have shown, livestock owners change their behaviors around trading, on-farm biosecurity, and disease management in response to complex factors such as increased awareness of disease risks, pressure to conform with social expectations, and the direct imposition of new national animal health regulations; all of which may significantly influence how a disease spreads within and between farms. Failing to account for these dynamics may produce a substantial layer of bias in infectious disease models, yet surprisingly little is currently known about the effects on model inferences. Here, we review the growing evidence on why these assumptions matter. We summarize the current knowledge about farmers' behavioral change in on-farm biosecurity and livestock trading practices and highlight the knowledge gaps that prohibit these behavioral changes from being incorporated into disease modeling frameworks. We suggest this knowledge gap can be filled only by more empirical longitudinal studies on farmers' behavioral change as well as theoretical modeling studies that can help to identify human behavioral changes that are important in disease transmission dynamics. Moreover, we contend it is time to shift our research approach: from modeling a single disease to modeling interactions between multiple diseases and from modeling a single farmer behavior to modeling interdependencies between multiple behaviors. In order to solve these challenges, there is a strong need for interdisciplinary collaboration across a wide range of fields including animal health, epidemiology, sociology, and animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Hidano
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gareth Enticott
- Cardiff School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M. Christley
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - M. Carolyn Gates
- EpiCentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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21
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Bertran K, Clark A, Swayne DE. Mitigation strategies to reduce the generation and transmission of airborne highly pathogenic avian influenza virus particles during processing of infected poultry. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:893-900. [PMID: 29891217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Airborne transmission of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses has occurred among poultry and from poultry to humans during home or live-poultry market slaughter of infected poultry, and such transmission has been experimentally reproduced. In this study, we investigated simple, practical changes in the processing of H5N1 virus-infected chickens to reduce infectious airborne particles and their transmission. Our findings suggest that containing the birds during the killing and bleeding first step by using a disposable plastic bag, a commonly available cooking pot widely used in Egypt (halla), or a bucket significantly reduces generation of infectious airborne particles and transmission to ferrets. Similarly, lack of infectious airborne particles was observed when processing vaccinated chickens that had been challenged with HPAI virus. Moreover, the use of a mechanical defeatherer significantly increased total number of particles in the air compared to manual defeathering. This study confirms that simple changes in poultry processing can efficiently mitigate generation of infectious airborne particles and their transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateri Bertran
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, 30605 Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Andrew Clark
- International Veterinary Consultant, USAID East Africa Region, 70787 SW Douglas Dr, 97801 Pendleton, OR, USA.
| | - David E Swayne
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, 30605 Athens, GA, USA.
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Hou Y, Tan YR, Lim WY, Lee V, Tan LWL, Chen MIC, Yap P. Adequacy of public health communications on H7N9 and MERS in Singapore: insights from a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:436. [PMID: 29609573 PMCID: PMC5879609 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Singapore remains vulnerable to worldwide epidemics due to high air traffic with other countries This study aims to measure the public’s awareness of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Avian Influenza A (H7N9), identify population groups who are uninformed or misinformed about the diseases, understand their choice of outbreak information source, and assess the effectiveness of communication channels in Singapore. Methods A cross-sectional study, comprising of face-to-face interviews, was conducted between June and December 2013 to assess the public’s awareness and knowledge of MERS and H7N9, including their choice of information source. Respondents were randomly selected and recruited from 3 existing cohort studies. An opportunistic sampling approach was also used to recruit new participants or members in the same household through referrals from existing participants. Results Out of 2969 participants, 53.2% and 79.4% were not aware of H7N9 and MERS respectively. Participants who were older and better educated were most likely to hear about the diseases. The mean total knowledge score was 9.2 (S.D ± 2.3) out of 20, and 5.9 (S.D ± 1.2) out of 10 for H7N9 and MERS respectively. Participants who were Chinese, more educated and older had better knowledge of the diseases. Television and radio were the primary sources of outbreak information regardless of socio-demographic factors. Conclusion Heightening education of infectious outbreaks through appropriate media to the young and less educated could increase awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan'an Hou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Epidemiology Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Roe Tan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Yen Lim
- Research and Development Office, Agency for Integrated Care, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vernon Lee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Linda Wei Lin Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Mark I-Cheng Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Tahir Foundation Building, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore. .,Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Peiling Yap
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Geerlings ECL, Heffernan C. Predicting risk of avian influenza a(H5N1) in Egypt: the creation of a community level metric. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:388. [PMID: 29562878 PMCID: PMC5863456 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient A(H5N1) control is unlikely to be based on epidemiological data alone. Such control depends on a thorough understanding and appreciation of the interconnectedness of epidemiological, social, and economic factors that contribute to A(H5N1) vulnerability. To date, the control of A(H5N1) in Egypt has been challenging. The disease has been endemic for more than 10 years with a dramatic increase in human cases between December 2014 and March 2015. Part of the problem has been a lack of understanding of the inter-play of drivers, conditions and motives that influence preventive behaviours at the household level. METHODS To address this issue, the authors developed a Composite Risk Index (CRI) to inform decision-makers of critical epidemiological, livelihood, food security and risk perception factors that were found to contribute to A(H5N1) vulnerability at the community level. The CRI consists of seven constructs that were individually scored for each community. The seven constructs included poultry sales, previous flock exposure to A(H5N1), human risk probability, sense of control over the disease, preventative actions taken, level of household food insecurity and community norms toward certain handling and disposal practices. One hundred forty female poultry keepers across four governorates were interviewed in 2010 using a mix of random and purposive sampling techniques. A mixed method approach underpinned the analysis. The study used wealth ranking in order to help decision-makers in understanding the specific constraints of different wealth groups and aid better targeting of A(H5N1) control and prevention strategies. RESULTS Poverty, widowhood and lack of education were among the factors associated with high risk scores. CRI scores in those villages where awareness raising had taken place were not significantly different compared to those villages where awareness raising had not taken place. CONCLUSIONS The aim of the tool is to enable targeting those communities that are likely to be highly vulnerable to A(H5N1) outbreaks and where control and awareness-raising efforts are expected to be most effective. In this manner, policy makers and practitioners will be able to better allocate limited resources to those communities most vulnerable to the negative impact of A(H5N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C. L. Geerlings
- Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Research & International Development Consultancy Services (EGRID), Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Heffernan
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- London International Development Centre (LIDC), London, UK
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Elelu N. Epidemiological risk factors of knowledge and preventive practice regarding avian influenza among poultry farmers and live bird traders in Ikorodu, Lagos State, Nigeria. Int J Vet Sci Med 2017; 5:47-52. [PMID: 30255048 PMCID: PMC6137854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian Influenza (AI) is an infectious disease of birds caused by type A influenza virus. The disease has a pandemic risk leading to death or depopulation of millions of birds. This study determined the risk factors that predict adequate knowledge and good preventive practice measures towards AI, among poultry farmers and live bird traders in Ikorodu, Lagos State, South-western Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted with questionnaire on socio- demographics, knowledge of definition, and transmission of avian influenza administered to 244 respondents at interview. Descriptive, Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were carried out to explore associations between demographic characteristics, knowledge and preventive practice scores. All levels of significance were set at p < 0.05. The total knowledge score computed on a 25-item scale revealed a mean total knowledge of 9.9 (SD ± 6.6). Respondents aged <20 years, live bird traders and those with no formal education had the poorest knowledge. The total preventive practice score regarding avian influenza on a 9-item scale revealed a mean of 5.3 (SD ± 2.1). Younger respondents, live bird traders; those with no tertiary education and those spent <24 months in their profession had the poorest preventive practice score. Logistic regression analysis showed that increasing education (p < 0.05) significantly predicted adequate knowledge of avian influenza and good preventive practice among respondents. Poultry farmers and live bird traders, specially those with no formal education, should be aware of the transmission, seriousness and preventive measures of AI that will be reflected in the prevention and control of the disease in Nigeria.
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Key Words
- AI, Avian Influenza
- AICP, Avian influenza control project
- Avian influenza
- CDA, community development area
- FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations
- H, Haemagglutinin
- KAP, knowledge, attitude and practice
- Knowledge
- LBM, live bird markets
- LGA, Local Government Area
- Live bird traders
- N, Neuraminidase
- Nigeria
- Poultry farmers
- Preventive measure
- SPSS, Statistical package for social scientists
- WHO, World health organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusirat Elelu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Finucane ML, Tuyen N, Saksena S, Spencer JH, Fox JM, Lam N, Thau TD, Vien TD, Lewis ND. Perceived Risk of Avian Influenza and Urbanization in Northern Vietnam. ECOHEALTH 2017; 14:144-154. [PMID: 28213653 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is an important public health concern because of potential for widespread morbidity and mortality in humans and poultry and associated devastating economic losses. We examined how perceptions of the risk of HPAI in poultry vary across communes/wards in the north of Vietnam at different levels of urbanization (rural, peri-urban, urban). Analyses of questionnaire responses from 1081 poultry raisers suggested that the perceived risk of HPAI in poultry was highest in peri-urban and rural settings. We also found that perceived risk was higher when respondents rated settings in which they did not live and that the process of change is related to perceived risk. Compared with others, respondents in peri-urban areas reported less disease management planning; respondents in rural areas reported less ability to separate infected poultry. These findings are consistent with, and add to, the limited previous research on the perceived risk of HPAI in poultry in developing countries. What is new in the present findings is that we describe how urbanization is related to people's perceptions of and ability to respond appropriately to variations in their environment. In particular, the inability to respond is not necessarily because of an inability to perceive change. Rather, rapid and extensive change poses different challenges for poultry management as communes move from rural to peri-urban to urban settings. Our results suggest that health promotion campaigns should address the perceptions and needs of poultry raisers in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Finucane
- East-West Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
- RAND Corporation, 4570 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-2665, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Nguyen Lam
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Tran Duc Vien
- Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
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26
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Fasanmi OG, Ahmed SSU, Oladele-Bukola MO, El-Tahawy AS, Elbestawy AR, Fasina FO. An evaluation of biosecurity compliance levels and assessment of associated risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection of live-bird-markets, Nigeria and Egypt. Acta Trop 2016; 164:321-328. [PMID: 27603430 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Live bird market (LBM) is integral component in the perpetuation of HPAI H5N1, while biosecurity is crucial and key to the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Biosecurity compliance level and risk factor assessments in 155LBMs was evaluated in Nigeria and Egypt through the administration of a 68-item biosecurity checklist, scored based on the modifications of previous qualitative data, and analysed for degree of compliance. LBMs were scored as "complied with a biosecurity item" if they had good-very good scores (4). All scores were coded and analysed using descriptive statistics and risk or protective factors were determined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression at p≤0.05. Trading of wild birds and other animal in the LBMs (Odd Ratio (OR)=34.90; p=0.01) and claims of hand disinfection after slaughter (OR=31.16; p=0.03) were significant risk factors while mandatory routine disinfection of markets (OR=0.13; p≤0.00), fencing and gates for live bird market (OR=0.02; p≤0.01) and hand washing after slaughter (OR=0.41; p≤0.05) were protective factors for and against the infection of Nigerian and Egyptian LBMs with the HPAI H5N1 virus. Almost all the LBMs complied poorly with most of the variables in the checklist (p≤0.05), but pathways to improved biosecurity in the LBMs existed. We concluded that the LBM operators play a critical role in the disruption of transmission of H5N1 virus infection through improved biosecurity and participatory epidemiology and multidisciplinary approach is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubunmi G Fasanmi
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Animal Health, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Syed Sayeem U Ahmed
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mutiu O Oladele-Bukola
- Institute of Agriculture Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abdelgawad S El-Tahawy
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt
| | - Folorunso O Fasina
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
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27
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Rimi NA, Sultana R, Ishtiak-Ahmed K, Rahman MZ, Hasin M, Islam MS, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Nahar N, Gurley ES, Luby SP. Understanding the failure of a behavior change intervention to reduce risk behaviors for avian influenza transmission among backyard poultry raisers in rural Bangladesh: a focused ethnography. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:858. [PMID: 27552983 PMCID: PMC4995615 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus among poultry and humans has raised global concerns and has motivated government and public health organizations to initiate interventions to prevent the transmission of HPAI. In Bangladesh, H5N1 became endemic in poultry and seven human H5N1 cases have been reported since 2007, including one fatality. This study piloted messages to increase awareness about avian influenza and its prevention in two rural communities, and explored change in villagers' awareness and behaviors attributable to the intervention. METHODS During 2009-10, a research team implemented the study in two rural villages in two districts of Bangladesh. The team used a focused ethnographic approach for data collection, including informal interviews and observations to provide detailed contextual information about community response to a newly emerging disease. They collected pre-intervention qualitative data for one month. Then another team disseminated preventive messages focused on safe slaughtering methods, through courtyard meetings and affixed posters in every household. After dissemination, the research team collected post-intervention data for one month. RESULTS More villagers reported hearing about 'bird flu' after the intervention compared to before the intervention. After the intervention, villagers commonly recalled changes in the color of combs and shanks of poultry as signs of avian influenza, and perceived zoonotic transmission of avian influenza through direct contact and through inhalation. Consequently the villagers valued covering the nose and mouth while handling sick and dead poultry as a preventive measure. Nevertheless, the team did not observe noticeable change in villagers' behavior after the intervention. Villagers reported not following the recommended behaviors because of the perceived absence of avian influenza in their flocks, low risk of avian influenza, cost, inconvenience, personal discomfort, fear of being rebuked or ridiculed, and doubt about the necessity of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The villagers' awareness about avian influenza improved after the intervention, however, the intervention did not result in any measurable improvement in preventive behaviors. Low cost approaches that promote financial benefits and minimize personal discomfort should be developed and piloted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ali Rimi
- Program for Emerging Infections (PEI), Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Rebeca Sultana
- Program for Emerging Infections (PEI), Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Ishtiak-Ahmed
- Program for Emerging Infections (PEI), Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahidur Rahman
- Program for Emerging Infections (PEI), Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Marufa Hasin
- Program for Emerging Infections (PEI), Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - M. Saiful Islam
- Program for Emerging Infections (PEI), Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner
- Program for Emerging Infections (PEI), Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Nazmun Nahar
- Program for Emerging Infections (PEI), Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Emily S. Gurley
- Program for Emerging Infections (PEI), Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Stephen P. Luby
- Program for Emerging Infections (PEI), Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
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28
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Manabe T, Yamaoka K, Tango T, Binh NG, Co DX, Tuan ND, Izumi S, Takasaki J, Chau NQ, Kudo K. Chronological, geographical, and seasonal trends of human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) in Vietnam, 2003-2014: a spatial analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:64. [PMID: 26847341 PMCID: PMC4743110 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection continue to occur in Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to identify when and where human H5N1 cases have occurred in Vietnam and how the situation has changed from the beginning of the H5N1 outbreaks in 2003 through 2014, to assist with implementing methods of targeted disease management. Methods We assessed the disease clustering and seasonal variation of human H5N1 cases in Vietnam to evaluate the geographical and monthly timing trends. The clustering of H5N1 cases and associated mortality were examined over three time periods: the outbreak period (2003–2005), the post-outbreak (2006–2009), and the recent period (2010–2014) using the flexibly shaped space-time scan statistic. The most likely cases to co-cluster and the elevated risks for incidence and mortality were assessed via calculation of the relative risk (RR). The H5N1 case seasonal variation was analysed as the cyclic trend in incidence data using Roger’s statistical test. Results Between 2003 and 2005, H5N1 cases (RR: 2.15, p = 0.001) and mortality (RR: 2.49, p = 0.021) were significantly clustered in northern Vietnam. After 2010, H5N1 cases tended to occur on the border with Cambodia in the south, while H5N1 mortality clustered significantly in the Mekong delta area (RR: 6.62, p = 0.002). A significant seasonal variation was observed (p < 0.001), with a higher incidence of morbidity in December through April. Conclusions These findings indicate that clinical preparedness for H5N1 in Vietnam needs to be strengthened in southern Vietnam in December–April. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1391-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Manabe
- Teikyo University, Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan. .,Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. .,Waseda University, 1-21-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,University of Tsukuba, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Kazue Yamaoka
- Teikyo University, Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Toshiro Tango
- Teikyo University, Graduate School of Public Health, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan. .,Center for Medical Statistics, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nguyen Gia Binh
- Bach Mai Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, 78 Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Dao Xuan Co
- Bach Mai Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, 78 Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Dang Tuan
- Bach Mai Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, 78 Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Shinyu Izumi
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jin Takasaki
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ngo Quy Chau
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bach Mai Hospital, 78 Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Koichiro Kudo
- Waseda University, 1-21-1 Nishi-Waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Koto Hospital, 6-8-5 Ojima, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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29
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Xu W, Hao Y, Wu Q, Ning N, You J, Liu C, Jiao M, Gao L, Kang Z, Liang L, Sun H, Cui Y, Li Y, Han X, Fang X, Zhao X, Hu M, Ding D, Gao H, Lu J. Community preparedness for emergency: a cross-sectional survey of residents in Heilongjiang of China. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008479. [PMID: 26553829 PMCID: PMC4654344 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aims to identify factors that shape the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of community residents in China's Heilongjiang province towards emergency preparedness. Findings of such a study may provide evidence to support the development of effective public risk communication strategies and education campaigns. DESIGN A cross-sectional household questionnaire survey was conducted in Heilongjiang province in 2014. A stratified cluster sampling strategy was employed to select study participants. The questionnaires were administered using face-to-face interviews. 2800 questionnaires were completed, among which 2686 (95.9%) were considered valid for data analyses. A multivariate logistic regression model was adopted to identify the extent to which the independent variables were associated with emergency preparedness. RESULTS Fewer than 5% respondents were well prepared for emergency. Over half (52%) of poorly prepared respondents did not know what to do in emergency; women (OR=1.691), higher household income (OR ranging from 1.666 to 2.117), previous experience with emergency (OR=1.552), higher levels of knowledge about emergency (OR=2.192), risk awareness (OR=1.531), self-efficacy (OR=1.796), as well as positive attitudes towards emergency preparedness (OR=2.265) were significant predictors for emergency preparedness. Neither educational attainment nor exposure to awareness-raising entered into the logic regression model as a significant predictor for emergency preparedness. CONCLUSIONS The level of emergency preparedness in Heilongjiang residents is very low, which is linked with poor knowledge and attitudes of the residents towards emergency preparedness. Future emergency awareness campaigns should be more focused and tailored to the needs of intended audience, taking into consideration of their usual source of information and knowledge in relation to emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilan Xu
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhua Hao
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, China
| | - Ning Ning
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, China
| | - Jia You
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mingli Jiao
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, China
| | - Zheng Kang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, China
| | - Libo Liang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, China
| | - Yu Cui
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, China
| | - Xiaonan Han
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Fang
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiyan Zhao
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Man Hu
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ding Ding
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hao Gao
- School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kurscheid J, Millar J, Abdurrahman M, Ambarawati IGAA, Suadnya W, Yusuf RP, Fenwick S, Toribio JALML. Knowledge and Perceptions of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) among Poultry Traders in Live Bird Markets in Bali and Lombok, Indonesia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139917. [PMID: 26430785 PMCID: PMC4592001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) has been prevalent in Indonesia since 2003 causing major losses to poultry production and human deaths. Live bird markets are considered high risk areas due to the density of large numbers of mixed poultry species of unknown disease status. Understanding trader knowledge and perceptions of HPAI and biosecurity is critical to reducing transmission risk and controlling the disease. An interview-administered survey was conducted at 17 live bird markets on the islands of Bali and Lombok in 2008 and 2009. A total of 413 live poultry traders were interviewed. Respondents were mostly male (89%) with a mean age of 45 years (range: 19–81). The main source of AI information was TV (78%), although personal communication was also identified to be an important source, particularly among female traders (60%) and respondents from Bali (43%). More than half (58%) of live poultry traders interviewed knew that infected birds can transmit HPAI viruses but were generally unaware that viruses can be introduced to markets by fomites. Cleaning cages and disposing of sick and dead birds were recognized as the most important steps to prevent the spread of disease by respondents. Two thirds (n = 277) of respondents were unwilling to report sudden or suspicious bird deaths to authorities. Bali vendors perceive biosecurity to be of higher importance than Lombok vendors and are more willing to improve biosecurity within markets than traders in Lombok. Collectors and traders selling large numbers (>214) of poultry, or selling both chickens and ducks, have better knowledge of HPAI transmission and prevention than vendors or traders selling smaller quantities or only one species of poultry. Education was strongly associated with better knowledge but did not influence positive reporting behavior. Our study reveals that most live poultry traders have limited knowledge of HPAI transmission and prevention and are generally reluctant to report bird deaths. Greater efforts are needed to engage local government, market managers and traders in education and awareness programs, regulatory measures and incentive mechanisms. Understanding and evaluating the social responses to such an integrated approach could lead to more effective HPAI prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kurscheid
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Joanne Millar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Albury, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Wayan Suadnya
- Research Center for Rural Development. Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Ria Puspa Yusuf
- Agribusiness Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Stanley Fenwick
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jenny-Ann L. M. L Toribio
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Camden Campus, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
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Liu MD, Chan TC, Wan CH, Lin HP, Tung TH, Hu FC, King CC. Changing risk awareness and personal protection measures for low to high pathogenic avian influenza in live-poultry markets in Taiwan, 2007 to 2012. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:241. [PMID: 26104109 PMCID: PMC4478710 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Outbreaks of low and high pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI, HPAI) H5N2 in chickens have occurred in Taiwan since 2003 and 2012, respectively. Fully understanding the different awareness, attitudes and protective behaviors adopted by workers in live-poultry markets (LPMWs) and local community residents (CRs) to face the challenges of LPAI and HPAI is very important to minimize viral adaptations to human populations. Methods A structural questionnaire containing information on respondents’ occupation, personal risk awareness, attitudes toward different policies, and preventative measures was administered. The two-stage survey (before and after HPAI H5N2 outbreaks) was conducted from 2007 to 2012, including: (1) 430 LPMWs and 418 CRs at LPMs from different geographical areas of Taiwan after the government announced outbreaks of LPAI H5N2 during 2007–2009, and (2) 73 LPMWs and 152 CRs at two LPMs in central Taiwan after the HPAI H5N2 outbreaks in 2012. The chi-squared test and logistic regression were applied for univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. Results Before HPAI-H5N2 outbreaks, higher educated respondents demonstrated greater risk awareness and concerns regarding AI. However, LPM-workers protected themselves less from AI viruses (AIVs) and had lower acceptance of human or avian influenza vaccines. Most importantly, the participants who opposed (versus agreed with) the policy on banning live-poultry slaughtering at LPMs reported lower awareness of government prevention and control policies [Odds Ratio (OR): 0.76, 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 0.56–1.01] or practiced preventive measures (OR: 0.42, 95 % CI: 0.25–0.70). After HPAI-H5N2 outbreaks, the risk awareness about AI in central Taiwan significantly increased [LPAI to HPAI LPMWs: 34.6 to 65.6 %, p < 0.05; CRs: 44.0 to 76.5 %, p < 0.05] and LPMWs’ belief in the effectiveness of vaccination to prevent human or avian influenza virus infection strikingly decreased (92.3 to 68.5 %, p < 0.05). Conclusions Risk awareness depends on high or low pathogenicity of AIVs, working in LPMs, levels of education, age, and proximity to the sites of severe AI outbreaks. Regardless of novel LPAI or HPAI virus reassortants that pose public health risks, prompt and clear risk communication focusing on both correct information about AIVs and the most appropriate preventive measures are important for effective prevention of human infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-0987-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Der Liu
- College of General Education, Hungkuang University, Taichung (433), Taiwan. .,Center for General Education, National United University, Miaoli (360), Taiwan. .,Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei (100), Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Chien Chan
- Research Center for Humanities and Social Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei (115), Taiwan.
| | - Cho-Hua Wan
- Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei (106), Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Ping Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei (100), Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Hua Tung
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei (100), Taiwan.
| | - Fu-Chang Hu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei (100), Taiwan.
| | - Chwan-Chuen King
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei (100), Taiwan.
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32
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Chen S, Li Z, Hu M, Guo S, Wu J, Wang B, Hu W, Sun Y, Li H, Liu M, Moore JB, Chen H. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Relating to Avian Influenza (H10N8) among Farmers' Markets Workers in Nanchang, China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127120. [PMID: 25993111 PMCID: PMC4436285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Three cases of avian influenza virus H10N8 were reported in Nanchang, China, as of April 2014. To identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to H10N8 among farmers’ market workers, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 63 farmers’ markets in Nanchang. Using the resulting data, characteristics of poultry and non-poultry workers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice were described. Results suggest that interventions targeting high-risk workers should be developed and implemented by public health agencies to prevent the spread of H10N8. Additionally policies that encourage farmers’ market workers to receive influenza vaccine should be developed, adopted, and enforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengen Chen
- Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Zifen Li
- Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Maohong Hu
- Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Guo
- Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Wu
- Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanshuang Sun
- Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingbin Liu
- Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Justin B. Moore
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Haiying Chen
- Nanchang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, The People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Rimi NA, Sultana R, Ishtiak-Ahmed K, Khan SU, Sharker MAY, Uz Zaman R, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Gurley ES, Nahar N, Luby SP. Poultry slaughtering practices in rural communities of Bangladesh and risk of avian influenza transmission: a qualitative study. ECOHEALTH 2013; 11:83-93. [PMID: 24306550 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-013-0885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Slaughtering sick poultry is a risk factor for human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza and is a common practice in Bangladesh. This paper describes human exposures to poultry during slaughtering process and the customs and rituals influencing these practices in two Bangladeshi rural communities. In 2009, we conducted 30 observations to observe slaughtering practices and 110 in-depth and short interviews and 36 group discussions to explore reasons behind those practices. The villagers reported slaughtering 103 poultry, including 20 sick poultry during 2 months. During different stages of slaughtering, humans, the environment, healthy poultry, and other animals were exposed to poultry blood and body parts. Women performed most of the slaughtering tasks, including evisceration. Defeathering required the most time and involved several persons. During festivals, ceremonies, and rituals, many people gathered and participated in the slaughtering of poultry. Exposure to poultry slaughtering created numerous opportunities for potential avian influenza transmission. Strategies that can be further tested to determine if they reduce the risk of transmission include skinning the carcasses of sick poultry, using hot water for defeathering and cleaning, using a bucket to contain slaughtering blood and carcass, burying the offal and encouraging handwashing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Ali Rimi
- Center for Communicable Diseases (CCD), icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, GPO Box 128, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh,
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