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Endo K, Kobayashi R, Tanaka M, Tanaka M, Akiyama Y, Sato T, Hosaka I, Nakata K, Koyama M, Ohnishi H, Takahashi S, Furuhashi M. Validation of Estimated Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration in a Japanese General Population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:931-952. [PMID: 38171805 PMCID: PMC11150720 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM A high level of directly measured small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is a strong risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A method for estimating sdLDL-C by using Sampson's equation that includes levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C and triglycerides (TG) has recently been proposed. We investigated the validation and exploration of estimated sdLDL-C level. METHODS The associations between measured and estimated sdLDL-C levels were investigated in 605 Japanese subjects (men/women: 280/325; mean age: 65±15 years) who received annual health check-ups in the Tanno-Sobetsu Study, a population-based cohort. RESULTS Estimated sdLDL-C level was highly correlated with measured sdLDL-C level in all subjects (R2=0.701), nondiabetic subjects without any medication (n=254, R2=0.686) and subjects with diabetes mellitus (n=128, R2=0.721). Multivariable regression analysis showed that levels of non-HDL-C, TG and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGTP) were independent predictors of measured sdLDL-C level. In a stratification of the LDL window, all of the subjects with a combination of high non-HDL-C (≥ 170 mg/dL) and high TG (≥ 150 mg/dL) had high levels of measured and estimated sdLDL-C (≥ 35 mg/dL). Furthermore, machine learning-based estimation of sdLDL-C level by artificial intelligence software, Prediction One, was substantially improved by using components of Sampson's equation (R2=0.803) and by using those components with the addition of γGTP and deletion of TC (R2=0.929). CONCLUSIONS sdLDL-C level estimated by Sampson's equation can be used instead of measured sdLDL-C level in general practice. By building multiple machine learning models of artificial intelligence, a more accurate and practical estimation of sdLDL-C level might be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Endo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makito Tanaka
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Marenao Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Akiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Itaru Hosaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Nakata
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohnishi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Takase M, Nakaya N, Tanno K, Kogure M, Hatanaka R, Nakaya K, Chiba I, Kanno I, Nochioka K, Tsuchiya N, Nakamura T, Hirata T, Obara T, Ishikuro M, Kotozaki Y, Uruno A, Kobayashi T, Kodama EN, Hamanaka Y, Orui M, Ogishima S, Nagaie S, Ohmomo H, Fuse N, Sugawara J, Shimizu A, Izumi Y, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A. Relationship between traditional risk factors for hypertension and systolic blood pressure in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-based Cohort Study. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1533-1545. [PMID: 38424250 PMCID: PMC11150157 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Risk factors for hypertension have been emphasized in the Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. However, large-scale studies on the association of smoking, potassium excretion, and gamma-glutamyl transferase level with BP in the Japanese population are limited. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the association between hypertension risk factors and systolic blood pressure in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Community-based Cohort Study (23,446 men and 38,921 women aged ≥20 years). A model adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, estimated daily salt intake, potassium excretion, (or urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio), gamma-glutamyl transferase, physical activity, education level, status of damage to homes during the Great East Japan Earthquake, and residential areas was used. The average age and systolic blood pressure were 62.5 (10.3) years for men and 59.6 (11.3) years for women, 128.9 (16.7) mmHg for men and 124.7 (17.5) mmHg for women, respectively. Body mass index estimated daily salt intake, urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were positively associated with systolic blood pressure. Compared with never-drinkers, current drinkers who consumed 23-45 g/day and ≥46.0 g/day had significantly increased systolic blood pressure. Conversely, current smokers (1-10 cigarettes/day and 11-20 cigarettes/day) were inversely associated with systolic blood pressure compared to never-smokers. Overall, systolic blood pressure was associated with gamma-glutamyl transferase and hypertension risk factors, including body mass index, alcohol consumption, estimated daily salt intake, urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, and potassium excretion. Our findings support the notion that lifestyle modifications should be attempted to prevent hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Takase
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Iwate Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Kamaishi, Iwate, Japan
- School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mana Kogure
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Rieko Hatanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kumi Nakaya
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ippei Chiba
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ikumi Kanno
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nochioka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naho Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University, Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Iwate Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Kamaishi, Iwate, Japan
| | - Akira Uruno
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Eiichi N Kodama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yohei Hamanaka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Orui
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Soichi Ogishima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaie
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohmomo
- Iwate Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Kamaishi, Iwate, Japan
- School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Nobuo Fuse
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku University Hospital, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Suzuki Memorial Hospital, Satonomori, Iwanumashi, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Iwate Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Kamaishi, Iwate, Japan
- School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoko Izumi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hozawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Bi Y, Yang Y, Yuan X, Wang J, Wang T, Liu Z, Tian S, Sun C. Association between liver enzymes and type 2 diabetes: a real-world study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1340604. [PMID: 38444589 PMCID: PMC10913017 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1340604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to examine the association of liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, particularly their dose-response relationship. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled participants aged >20 years old who underwent physical examination at our local hospital from November 2022 to May 2023. A generalized additive model (GAM) was fit to assess the dose-response relationship between liver enzymes and T2D risk. Furthermore, data from the UK Biobank (n=217,533) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2018; n= 15,528) were analyzed to evaluate whether the dose-response relationship between liver enzymes and T2D differed by population differences. Results A total of 14,100 participants were included (1,155 individuals with T2D and 12,945 individuals without diabetes) in the analysis. GAM revealed a non-linear relationship between liver enzymes and T2D risk (P non-linear < 0.001). Specifically, T2D risk increased with increasing ALT and GGT levels (range, <50 IU/L) and then plateaued when ALT and GGT levels were >50 IU/L. Elevated AST within a certain range (range, <35 IU/L) decreased the risk of T2D, whereas mildly elevated AST (>35 IU/L) became a risk factor for T2D. The UK Biobank and NHANES data analysis also showed a similar non-linear pattern between liver enzymes and T2D incidence. Conclusion Liver enzymes were non-linearly associated with T2D risk in different populations, including China, the UK, and the US. Elevated ALT and GGT levels, within a certain range, could increase T2D risk. More attention should be given to liver enzyme levels for early lifestyle intervention and early T2D prevention. Further studies are necessary to explore the mechanism of the non-linear association between liver enzymes and T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Bi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Health Examination Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojie Yuan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiping Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Center for Applied Statistical Research, School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Suyan Tian
- Division of Clinical Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenglin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Baeradeh N, Seif M, Rezaianzadeh A, Hosseini SV. Investigating the relationship between liver enzymes and incidence of hypertension: A population-based cohort study in Kharameh, a city in the South of Iran. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1601. [PMID: 37808927 PMCID: PMC10551606 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Hypertension and abnormal liver enzymes are common health issues that frequently coexist, and recent research has suggested a possible association between them, warranting further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the relationship between liver enzymes and hypertension. Methods This prospective cohort study utilized data from the Kharameh cohort study, which is a branch of the Prospective Epidemiological Studies in Iran (PERSIAN) database. The study included 7710 participants aged between 40 and 70 years. Hypertension was defined in accordance with the European guidelines for hypertension management, and the association between liver enzymes and hypertension was modeled and predicted using Firth logistic regression. Results This study investigated the association between liver enzymes and hypertension risk in a cohort of 7710 individuals aged 40-70 years. The results showed that higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were associated with an increased risk of hypertension, and this relationship remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Additionally, separate analyses within age subgroups revealed a significant association between ALP concentration and high blood pressure in certain age ranges. Conclusion The study demonstrated a significant association between high levels of ALT, GGT, and ALP and an increased risk of hypertension, regardless of other risk factors. These results suggest that monitoring liver enzymes, specifically ALT, GGT, and ALP, could serve as a useful tool to predict hypertension risk and identify individuals who could benefit from early intervention. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of monitoring liver function in preventing and managing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najibullah Baeradeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Student Research Committee, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mozhgan Seif
- Department of Epidemiology, Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorectal Research Center, School of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Vahid Hosseini
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Research Center, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Nelaturi P, Kademani SP, Siva Subramanian V, Ravikumar S. Increased Risk of Hypertension in Alcohol Use Disorder of alcohol-related Liver disease-A Hospital Based Case Control Study. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2022.2135472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhudas Nelaturi
- Multi-Disciplinary Centre for Biomedical Research, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to Be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Sangeetha P Kademani
- Multi-Disciplinary Centre for Biomedical Research, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to Be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Vithiavathi Siva Subramanian
- Department of General Medicine, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to Be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Sambandam Ravikumar
- Multi-Disciplinary Centre for Biomedical Research, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to Be University), Puducherry, India
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Borghese MM, Liang CL, Owen J, Fisher M. Individual and mixture associations of perfluoroalkyl substances on liver function biomarkers in the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Environ Health 2022; 21:85. [PMID: 36104725 PMCID: PMC9472375 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances can disrupt hepatic metabolism and may be associated with liver function biomarkers. We examined individual and mixture associations of PFAS on liver function biomarkers in a representative sample of Canadian adults. We explored the potential for effect modification by sex and body mass index, as well as by physical activity level which may attenuate the deleterious effect of PFAS on metabolic disorders. METHODS We analyzed data from participants aged 20-74 from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. We used linear regression to examine associations between plasma concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUDA on serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin. We used quantile g-computation to estimate associations with a PFAS mixture for each simultaneous, one-quartile change in PFAS concentrations. RESULTS Each doubling of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, or PFNA concentrations was associated with higher AST, GGT, and ALP concentrations. Each doubling of PFOA concentrations was associated with 16.5% (95%CI: 10.4, 23.0) higher GGT concentrations among adults not meeting Canada's physical activity guidelines vs. 6.6% (95%CI: -1.6, 15.5) among those meeting these guidelines. Sex and BMI also modified some associations, though to a lesser extent. We did not observe associations between ALT and PFOA (1.2% change; 95%CI: -2.5, 4.9), PFOS (2.2% change; 95%CI: -0.8, 5.3), or PFHxS (1.5% change; 95%CI: -0.4, 3.4). We also did not observe consistent associations for PFDA and PFUDA or with total bilirubin. In quantile g-computation models, each simultaneous one-quartile increase in the PFAS mixture was positively associated with AST (7.5% higher; 95%CI: 4.0, 10.4), GGT (9.7% higher; 95%CI: 1.7, 17.0), and ALP (2.8% higher; 95%CI: 0.5, 5.4). CONCLUSION Higher plasma concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA - both individually and as a mixture - were associated with higher serum concentrations of liver function biomarkers. These results contribute to emerging evidence suggesting that higher levels of physical activity appear to be protective against the hepatotoxic effects of PFOA. This work contributes to a growing body of evidence supporting the hepatotoxic effects of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Borghese
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada.
| | - Chun Lei Liang
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada
| | - James Owen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada
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Obese Vegetarians and Omnivores Show Different Metabolic Changes: Analysis of 1340 Individuals. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112204. [PMID: 35684004 PMCID: PMC9182907 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study evaluated the association between the increase in body mass index (BMI) in men and women (menstruating and non-menstruating) (n = 1340) with different dietary groups (omnivores, semi-vegetarians, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, and vegans) and the measurement of the biochemical markers high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), ferritin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Increasing BMI values in all groups and dietary profiles were related to a significant increase in hs-CRP (p < 0.0001), ALT (p = 0.02), ferritin (p = 0.009), and HbA1C (p < 0.0001), with no difference between dietary groups (p < 0.05). The increase in BMI increases the levels of HOMA-IR (p < 0.0001) and GGT (p < 0.05), with higher values found in men when compared to women (p < 0.0001 for HOMA- IR and p = 0.0048 for GGT). The association between ALT and BMI was different between dietary groups, as it showed a decrease in vegan women who do not menstruate compared to other dietary groups (p = 0.0099). When including only obese individuals (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 153) in the analysis, we observed lower concentrations of GGT and ferritin in vegetarians than in omnivores, regardless of gender and menstrual blood loss (p = 0.0395). Our data showed that for both vegetarians and omnivores, the higher the BMI, the worse the metabolic parameters. However, regarding obesity, vegetarians showed better antioxidant status (lower GGT elevation) and lower inflammatory status (lower ferritin elevation), which may provide them with potential protection in the development of morbidities associated with overweight.
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Liu YH, Chen SC, Lee WH, Chen YC, Huang JC, Wu PY, Hung CH, Kuo CH, Su HM. Liver-function parameters are associated with incident hypertension in a large Taiwanese population follow-up study. J Hum Hypertens 2022:10.1038/s41371-022-00694-w. [PMID: 35618874 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00694-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated inconsistent results regarding the association between liver function and hypertension. In addition, large cohort follow-up studies are lacking. Therefore, this longitudinal study aimed to investigate the association between liver function and incident hypertension using data from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB). We evaluated liver biomarkers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), total bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in this study. A total of 21,293 participants without hypertension at baseline were analyzed. During the mean 3.9-year follow-up, 3002 participants developed hypertension (defined as incident hypertension). Multivariable analysis revealed that high AST (odds ratio [OR], 1.004; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001-1.007; p = 0.014), high ALT (OR, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.002-1.006; p < 0.001), high albumin (OR, 1.897; 95% CI, 1.573-2.286; p < 0.001), and high GGT (OR, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.003-1.005; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with incident hypertension in all study participants. In subgroup analysis of the participants with an ALT level ≤2 times the normal limit (80 u/l) (n = 20,983), multivariable analysis demonstrated that high ALT (OR, 1.009; 95% CI, 1.005-1.012; p < 0.001) and high GGT (OR, 1.005; 95% CI, 1.003-1.006; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with incident hypertension. In conclusion, we found that elevated AST, ALT, albumin, and GGT were associated with incident hypertension in a large Taiwanese cohort. A greater understanding of potential risk factors for hypertension may help to reduce the burden of hypertension in this Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsueh Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsien Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Chi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Ming Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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9
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Ciardullo S, Grassi G, Mancia G, Perseghin G. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 34:365-371. [PMID: 34678858 PMCID: PMC8876398 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several studies reported an association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the risk of incident hypertension. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to obtain a precise and reliable estimate of the nature and magnitude of this association. We systematically searched Ovid-MEDLINE up to March 2021 for observational studies in which NAFLD was diagnosed in adults using blood-based panels, imaging techniques or liver biopsy and with a follow-up ≥1 year. Measures of association from individual studies were meta-analyzed using random-effects models. Of the 1108 titles initially scrutinized, we included 11 cohort studies with data on 390 348 participants (52% male) and a mean follow-up of 5.7 years. In the overall analysis, NAFLD was associated with a moderately increased risk of incident hypertension (hazard ratio 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38-2.01; test for overall effect z = 5.266; P < 0.001). There was significant heterogeneity among the studies (P < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses showed that estimates were not affected by geographical location, duration of follow-up and adjustment for baseline blood pressure values. On the other hand, the magnitude of the association was lower in studies that adjusted for baseline adiposity compared with those that did not, explaining part of the observed heterogeneity. No significant publication bias was detected by funnel plot analysis and Egger's and Begg's tests. This large meta-analysis indicates that NAFLD is associated with a ~1.6-fold increased risk of developing hypertension. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of NAFLD severity in terms of inflammation and fibrosis on incident hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ciardullo
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza Hospital, Monza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Clinica medica, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancia
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza Hospital, Monza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery
| | - Gianluca Perseghin
- Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Policlinico di Monza Hospital, Monza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery
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10
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Big and Free Fractions of Gamma-Glutamyltransferase: New Diagnostic Biomarkers for Malignant Mesothelioma? Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020311. [PMID: 35204402 PMCID: PMC8870979 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a cancer mainly caused by asbestos fiber inhalation, characterized by an extremely long latency and poor prognosis. Recently, researchers have focused on testing the diagnostic ability of several biomarkers. Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been demonstrated to be the sum of several GGT sub-fractions activity, classified based on their molecular weight in big-GGT, medium-GGT, small-GGT, and free-GGT. This work aims to evaluate whether specific GGT fractional enzymatic activity patterns could be helpful in MPM diagnosis. We analyzed blood samples from 175 workers previously exposed to asbestos, 157 non-exposed healthy subjects, and 37 MPM patients through a molecular exclusion chromatographic method. We found a specific profile of GGT fractions activity, significantly associated with MPM, resulting in an increase in b-, m- activity, along with an evident, yet not significant, decrease in f-activity. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the best Area Under Curve (AUC) value resulted from the combined index b/f (0.679, 95% CI: 0.582–0.777). Combining the b-/f-GGT activity with the levels of serum mesothelin-related protein (SMRP; another promising MPM biomarker) improved the diagnostic accuracy, increasing the AUC value to 0.875 (95% CI: 0.807–0.943, p = <0.0001). Since MPM has a specific pattern of GGT enzymatic activity, we could hypothesize that GGT fractions play different specific biochemical roles. The improvement in the diagnostic power given by the combination of these two biomarkers confirms that the strategy of biomarkers combination might be a better approach for MPM diagnosis.
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11
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Xing Y, Chen J, Liu J, Ma H. Associations Between GGT/HDL and MAFLD: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:383-394. [PMID: 35177915 PMCID: PMC8843704 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s342505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the association between γ-glutamyl transpeptidase to high-density lipoprotein ratio (GGT/HDL), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TYG-BMI), and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) by cross-sectional analysis. To investigate the role of GGT/HDL played in MAFLD by TYG-BMI. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 1434 adult patients hospitalized with T2DM at Hebei General Hospital (Shijiazhuang, China) were included in the study. Patients' demographic and clinical data were collected. Spearman correlation was used to test for an association between GGT/HDL or TYG-BMI and related risk factors of MAFLD among T2DM patients. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between GGT/HDL or TYG-BMI and MAFLD. Mediation analysis was used to explore whether TYG-BMI mediated the association between GGT/HDL and MAFLD. RESULTS A total of 1434 T2DM patients were enrolled, the MAFLD group showed a higher level of GGT/HDL compared to the non-MAFLD group. There was a progressive increase in the prevalence of MAFLD with increasing tertiles of GGT/HDL. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high levels of GGT/HDL were independent risk factors for MAFLD in T2DM patients. BMI further grouped the patients: ≤ 23kg/m2,>23kg/m2. GGT/HDL was found to be an independent risk factor for MAFLD but only in T2DM patients with a BMI greater than 23 kg/m2. Mediation analysis indicated that GGT/HDL had a significant direct effect on MAFLD. CONCLUSION GGT/HDL was positively associated with MAFLD incidence in T2DM patients with a BMI greater than 23 Kg/m2, and TYG-BMI partly mediated the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Huijuan Ma, Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18032838686, Email
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12
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Kim J, Han K, Yoo J, Park KA, Oh SY. Liver enzymes and risk of ocular motor cranial nerve palsy: a nationwide population-based study. Neurol Sci 2021; 43:3395-3405. [PMID: 34811598 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the associations between liver enzymes including γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and the development of ocular motor cranial nerve palsy (CNP) using the National Sample Cohort database from Korea's National Health Insurance Service. We analyzed data from 4,233,273 medical screening examinees aged 20 years or more in 2009. Study participants were followed up until December 31, 2018. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed for quartiles of liver enzymes to determine the linkage between each value and ocular motor CNP using quartile 1 as a reference after adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 5,807 (0.14%) patients developed ocular motor CNP during the follow-up period of 8.22 ± 0.94 years. The incidence of ocular motor CNP gradually increased as the GGT levels increased. The highest quartile of the GGT group had hazard ratio (HR) of 1.245 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.136-1.365). Regarding alanine aminotransferase (ALT), the highest quartile of the ALT group had HR of 1.141 (95% CI, 1.049-1.241). However, the incidence of ocular motor CNP did not gradually increase as the ALT levels increased. The coexistence of the increased level of GGT, metabolic syndrome, and obesity showed a stronger association with ocular motor CNP development (HR, 1.331; 95% CI, 1.173, 1.511) compared to having a single factor or two factors. In conclusion, our population-based cohort study demonstrated a significant association between serum GGT level and the incidence of ocular motor CNP, suggesting that GGT could be a new clinical marker for predicting the occurrence of ocular motor CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhyoung Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhwan Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sei Yeul Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Thacker JB, He C, Pennathur S. Quantitative analysis of γ-glutamylisoleucine, γ-glutamylthreonine, and γ-glutamylvaline in HeLa cells using UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2898-2907. [PMID: 34042281 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamylpeptides have been identified as potential biomarkers for a number of diseases including cancer, diabetes, and liver disease. In this study, we developed and validated a novel quantitative analytical strategy for measuring γ-glutamylisoleucine, γ-glutamylthreonine, and γ-glutamylvaline, all of which have been previously reported as potential biomarkers for prostate cancer in HeLa cells using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A BEH C18 column was used as the stationary phase. Mobile phase A was 99:1 water:formic acid and mobile phase B was acetonitrile. Chemical isotope labeling using benzoyl chloride was used as the internal standardization strategy. Sample preparation consisted of the addition of water to a frozen cell pellet, sonication, derivatization, centrifugation, and subsequent addition of an internal standard solution. The method was validated for selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity, and stability. The determined concentrations of γ-glutamylisoleucine, γ-glutamylthreonine, and γ-glutamylvaline in HeLa cells were 1.92 ± 0.06, 10.8 ± 0.4, and 1.96 ± 0.04 pmol/mg protein, respectively. In addition, the qualitative analysis of these analytes in human serum was achieved using a modified sample preparation strategy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of benzoyl chloride for chemical isotope labeling for metabolite quantitation in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Thacker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chenchen He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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14
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The association between hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors among non-diabetic Saudis adults-A cross sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246568. [PMID: 33621259 PMCID: PMC7901777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Population specific associations between cardiovascular disease with various risk factors including pre-hypertension and hypertension were reported. We aimed to investigate the association of higher than optimal blood pressure with measures of dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and markers of inflammation in non-diabetic Saudi adults hoping to improve current Saudi guidelines to prevent cardiovascular disease. Volunteers were recruited randomly from public healthcare centers in Jeddah. Demographic information, blood pressure (BP), and anthropometric measurements were taken. Fasting blood samples were drawn, then again following 1-hour oral glucose tolerance test. Glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, highly sensitive C- reactive protein, gamma glutamyl transferase, and 1-hour plasma glucose were measured. Complete data was found for 742 men and 592 women. Pre-hypertension was found in 47.2% of men, and 24.7% of women, while 15.1% of men, and 14.6% of women were hypertensive. Means of measured variables differed significantly between normotensive, pre-hypertensive, and hypertensive groups of men and women in gender specific manner. Association between measured variables and elevated BP, and hypertension were assessed using logistic regression models. After adjustment for age, body mass index and waist circumference, elevated blood pressure was associated with elevated triglycerides in men, while hypertension was significantly associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein- cholesterol, and low high density lipoprotein- cholesterol in men, and elevated triglycerides, and total cholesterol in women. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to measure lipid profile, specifically TG, for all diagnosed pre-hypertensive and hypertensive patients in addition to FPG for men.
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15
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Nguyen KA, Peer N, Kengne AP. Associations of gamma-glutamyl transferase with cardio-metabolic diseases in people living with HIV infection in South Africa. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246131. [PMID: 33544719 PMCID: PMC7864415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has recently been reported as a biomarker for cardiovascular (CVD) risk in general populations. We investigated the associations of GGT with cardio-metabolic diseases and CVD risk in South Africans living with HIV. Methods In this cross-sectional study, HIV-infected adults were randomly recruited across 17 HIV clinics in the Western Cape Province. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome by Joint Interim Statement criteria (JIS-MS), a ≥5% and ≥10% predicted risk for a CVD event within 10 years by the Framingham risk score (10-years-CVD risk) were computed. Associations between GGT and cardio-metabolic trait were explored using linear and binomial logistic regressions adjusted for age, gender, lifestyle behaviours and HIV-related characteristics. Results Among 709 participants (561 women, mean age 38.6 years), log-GGT was positively associated with waist circumference (β=2.75; p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (β=1.65; p=0.006), total cholesterol (β=0.21; p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (β=0.16; p<0.001), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and log-triglycerides (both β=0.12; p<0.001), fasting plasma glucose (β=0.19; p=0.031), 2-hour-post-glucose-load plasma glucose (β=0.26; p=0.007), HOMA-IR (β=0.13; p=0.001), log-high-sensitivity C-reactive-protein (β=0.3; p<0.001) in linear regression analyses; with hypertension [OR=1.41 (95%CI, 1.13-1.75); p=0.001], JIS-MS [OR=1.33 (1.05-1.68); p=0.016], ≥5% 10-year-CVD risk [OR=1.55 (1.24-1.9400); p<0.001] and ≥10% 10-year-CVD risk [OR=1.56 (1.08-2.23); p=0.016] but not with diabetes [OR=1.24 (0.88-1.71), p=0.205] in logistic regression analyses. Conclusions In this study, GGT levels were associated with cardio-metabolic variables independent of HIV specific attributes. If confirmed in longitudinal studies, GGT evaluation maybe included in CVD risk monitoring strategies in people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A. Nguyen
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town and Durban, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Nasheeta Peer
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town and Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town and Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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16
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du Toit WL, Schutte AE, Gafane-Matemane LF, Kruger R, Mels CMC. The renin-angiotensin-system and left ventricular mass in young adults: the African-PREDICT study. Blood Press 2020; 30:98-107. [PMID: 33084438 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2020.1831902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Raised blood pressure, with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as a central regulatory component, is one of the most important contributors to early development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Factors such as increased age, sex, black ethnicity and a low socio-economic status also contribute to left ventricular remodelling. To better understand early contributors to left ventricular mass, we investigated the relationship between left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and the components of the RAS in young healthy adults while considering ethnicity, sex and socio-economic status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Black and white women and men (N = 1186) between the ages of 20-30 years were included. By using standard echocardiography, we determined LVMi. Ultra-pressure-liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to measure the RAS-fingerprint®. RESULTS Components of the RAS such as plasma renin activity (PRA-S), angiotensin I (Ang I), angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone were suppressed in the black compared to the white group (all p < 0.001). No associations between LVMi and the RAS were evident in the total, black or white groups. With additional grouping according to sex and socio-economic status, inverse associations between LVMi and PRA-S (β= -0.168; p = 0.017), Ang I (β= -0.155; p = 0.028) and Ang II (β= -0.172; p = 0.015) were found only in low socio-economic black women. CONCLUSION Despite a suppressed RAS in the black compared to the white group, components of the RAS were not associated with LVMi in this young cohort. The low socio-economic black women of this study population may be vulnerable to future RAS-related increases in left ventricular mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel L du Toit
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lebo F Gafane-Matemane
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ruan Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Catharina M C Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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17
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Tumwesigye NM, Mutungi G, Bahendeka S, Wesonga R, Katureebe A, Biribawa C, Guwatudde D. Alcohol consumption, hypertension and obesity: Relationship patterns along different age groups in Uganda. Prev Med Rep 2020; 19:101141. [PMID: 32685360 PMCID: PMC7358719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension prevalence ratios don’t rise with age groups among frequent drinkers. Alcohol consumption pattern partly modifies the age-hypertension relationship. Alcohol consumption pattern does not modify obesity-age relationship.
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases including hypertension and obesity is rising and alcohol consumption is a predisposing factor. This study explored the effect of alcohol consumption patterns on the hypertension-age group and obesity-age group relationships. The data were extracted from the 2014 National NCD Survey of adults aged 18–69 years. Hypertension was defined as a condition of having systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg while obesity was defined as having a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Frequent alcohol consumption was measured as alcohol use ≥3 times a week. Multivariable log binomial regression analysis was used to assess independent relationship between the outcomes and alcohol consumption. The prevalences of hypertension, frequent alcohol consumption and obesity increased across age groups but were divergent towards last age group. Hypertension prevalence ratios were higher with higher age groups among moderate and nondrinkers but not among frequent drinkers. Alcohol drinking pattern modified the age hypertension relationship in a model with ungrouped age. The drinking pattern did not modify obesity-age relationship. Alcohol consumption pattern appeared to modify the hypertension-age group relationship. However, more research is needed to explain why prevalence ratios are higher with higher age groups among moderate drinkers and abstainers while they stagnate among the frequent drinkers. There was no evidence to show the effect of alcohol consumption on obesity-age group relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerald Mutungi
- Control of Non-communicable Diseases Desk, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Silver Bahendeka
- Department of Internal Medicine St. Francis Hospital Nsambya, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald Wesonga
- School of Statistics and Planning, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Agaba Katureebe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Uganda
| | - Claire Biribawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Uganda
| | - David Guwatudde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Uganda
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18
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Park EO, Bae EJ, Park BH, Chae SW. The Associations between Liver Enzymes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults with Mild Dyslipidemia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041147. [PMID: 32316417 PMCID: PMC7230762 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and dyslipidemia often occur as comorbidities, with both being strong risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Abnormal liver function test could reflect a potential CVD risk even in patients with mild dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to assess the compounding relationship between liver enzymes and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with mild dyslipidemia. The present analysis was performed among 438 participants who had enrolled in at least one of the nine clinical studies done at the Chonbuk National University Hospital between 2009 and 2019. Significant linear increasing trends were observed in blood pressure level and other cardiovascular risk factors across quartiles of serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), with the increment in hypertension prevalence occurring across the quartiles of GGT and ALT. On multivariate logistic regression analyses, the odds ratios for hypertension, adjusted for smoking, drinking and obesity, in the highest quartiles of GGT, ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were 3.688, 1.617, 1.372, and 1.166, respectively. Our study indicates that GGT is a superior marker for predicting CVD risk among liver enzymes. Routine screening of plasma GGT levels in patients with mild dyslipidemia will allow for early detection of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ock Park
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea;
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea;
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-H.P.); (S.-W.C.); Tel.: +82-63-270-3139 (B.-H.P.); +82-63-259-3040 (S.-W.C.); Fax: +82-63-274-9833 (B.-H.P.); +82-63-259-3060 (S.-W.C.)
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.-H.P.); (S.-W.C.); Tel.: +82-63-270-3139 (B.-H.P.); +82-63-259-3040 (S.-W.C.); Fax: +82-63-274-9833 (B.-H.P.); +82-63-259-3060 (S.-W.C.)
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19
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Shibata M, Sato KK, Uehara S, Koh H, Oue K, Kambe H, Morimoto M, Hayashi T. Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase, Daily Alcohol Consumption, and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Kansai Healthcare Study. J Epidemiol 2020; 30:163-169. [PMID: 30930374 PMCID: PMC7064553 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase has been recognized as the risk factor of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, the association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and the risk of chronic kidney disease is not well known, and no prospective studies have examined separately the relationship of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase with the risk of proteinuria versus that of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). METHODS We prospectively followed 9,341 Japanese men who did not have low eGFR, proteinuria, or diabetes, and did not take antihypertensive medications at entry for the analysis of proteinuria, and we followed 9,299 men for the analysis of low eGFR. We defined "persistent proteinuria" as proteinuria detected two or more times consecutively and persistently as ≥1+ on urine dipstick at the annual check-up until the end of follow-up. Low eGFR was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS During the 11-year observation period, 151 men developed persistent proteinuria and 1,276 men developed low eGFR. In multivariate models, the highest quartile (≥71 IU/L) of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase was independently related to the development of persistent proteinuria (hazard ratio 3.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.92-5.97) compared with the lowest quartile (≤25 IU/L). In joint analysis of alcohol consumption and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase, non-drinkers in the highest tertile (≥58 IU/L) of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase had the highest risk of persistent proteinuria. However, there was no association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and low eGFR. CONCLUSION In middle-aged Japanese men, elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase was independently associated with future persistent proteinuria, but not with low eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Shibata
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kyoko Kogawa Sato
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shinichiro Uehara
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideo Koh
- Hematology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Keiko Oue
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine.,Kansai Health Administration Center, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation
| | - Hiroshi Kambe
- Kansai Health Administration Center, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation
| | - Michio Morimoto
- Kansai Health Administration Center, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone West Corporation
| | - Tomoshige Hayashi
- Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
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Dharuni R, Maruthi Prasad BV, Vishwanth HL. EVALUATION OF SERUM γ-GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND INSULIN LEVELS IN THE PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2019.1.9693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Metabolic syndrome (MS), a collection of cardiovascular risk factors, is a major worldwide public health problem. The gathered data prove that serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT) activity is a true marker of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is of a prognostic importance as well as the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Objectives. In the study, we sought to evaluate serum γGT activity, hs-CRP and insulin resistance in patients with MS. Methods. The study involved 50 persons with metabolic syndrome and 50 healthy age and sex matched controls. Fasting serum samples of all participants were investigated for γGT, hs-CRP, insulin, blood glucose, lipid profile and liver function tests. Anthropometric measurements and BMI were also calculated Results. In that case 50% showed significantly high γGT compared to the controls, 30% proved increased hs-CRP levels above >0.5 mmol/L, whereas 94% of the controls were within the reference range. 74% of cases revealed the presence of insulin resistance while 32% of the controls showed insulin resistance. High γGT levels were also observed in that case with deranged lipids levels and high BMI. Conclusions. The study suggests that the patients with MS have a higher serum γGT activity. This study also proves that hs-CRP and HOMA-IR, which are independent risk factors of CVD, are also associated with MS. The correlation between γGT and the components of MS are also found significant compared to hs-CRP. Thus, γGT can be considered as an inexpensive and authentic predictor of MS, which can be a manifestation of CVD in near future.
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Zhou Y, Zhao S, Chen K, Hua W, Zhang S. Predictive value of gamma-glutamyltransferase for ventricular arrhythmias and cardiovascular mortality in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:129. [PMID: 31146684 PMCID: PMC6542048 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a new predictor of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine its association with ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) patients. Methods One hundred and forty patients implanted with ICD or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator with home monitoring were studied retrospectively. The primary endpoint was appropriate ICD treatment of VAs, secondary endpoint was cardiac death. Results During a mean follow-up period of 44 ± 17 months, 78 patients (55.7%) experienced VAs, 50 patients (35.7%) were treated with appropriate ICD shocks and 16 patients (11.4%) died due to cardiovascular diseases. GGT was positively correlated with high sensitivity C reactive protein (r = 0.482, P < 0.001), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (r = 0.175, P = 0.039), New York Heart Association class (r = 0.199, P = 0.018), fasting blood glucose (r = 0.233, P = 0.006) and negatively with left ventricular ejection fraction (r = − 0.181, P = 0.032) and high-density lipoprotein (r = − 0.313, P < 0.001). Based on receiver operating characteristics curve, the cut-off value of GGT = 56 U/L was identified to predict VAs. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, GGT ≥56 U/L was associated with increased VAs (P<0.001), ICD shock events (P = 0.006) and cardiovascular mortality (P = 0.003). In multivariate COX regression models, GGT ≥56 U/L was an independent risk factor for VAs (HR 2.253, 95%CI:1.383–3.671, P = 0.001), ICD shocks (HR 2.256, 95%CI:1.219–4.176, P = 0.010) and cardiac death (HR 3.555, 95%CI:1.215–10.404, P = 0.021). Conclusions In this ICD population, GGT ≥56 U/L was independently associated with VAs and cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Keping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei Li Shi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Alissa EM. Relationship between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and cardiometabolic risk factors in metabolic syndrome. J Family Med Prim Care 2018; 7:430-434. [PMID: 30090789 PMCID: PMC6060918 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_194_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the associations of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Saudi adults. Methods The study comprised 400 participants (70 men and 330 women), aged between 40 and 88 years, randomly selected from the medicine clinics at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in a cross-sectional study design. A standardized questionnaire was used to determine demographics variables, general health, lifestyle habits, and medical history. Anthropometric and biochemical variables measurements were taken for all study participants. MetS was defined according to the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute report, by the presence of abdominal obesity. Results Higher means for triglycerides and insulin resistance indices (P < 0.0001) was found among those in the second, third, and fourth GGT quartiles as compared with their counterparts in the first quartile. McAuley index (β = -0.239, P < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval: -4.1--1.5) was shown to be a major determinant of circulating GGT in a multivariate analysis. Conclusion Elevated serum GGT could be a cardiometabolic risk factor either as a mediator of low-grade systemic inflammation and as a mediator of oxidative stress through mediation of extracellular glutathione transport into cells of organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mokbel Alissa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Elemental Spectroscopy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Li Y, Li XH, Huang X, Yin L, Guo CX, Liu C, He YM, Liu X, Yuan H. Individualized prevention against hypertension based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Theory: A large community-based retrospective, STROBE-compliant study among Chinese population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8513. [PMID: 29145254 PMCID: PMC5704799 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution (TCMC) theory states that individuals with a biased TCMC are more likely to suffer from specific diseases. However, little is known regarding the influence of TCMC on susceptibility to hypertension. The aim of this study is to examine the possible relationship between TCMC and hypertension. Retrospective evaluation and observation were performed using the STROBE guidelines checklist. A large community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 2009 and 2013 in Changsha, China. TCMC was assessed using a questionnaire that included 68 items. TCMC distributions and the associations of different TCMCs with hypertension risk were analyzed. In total, 144,439 subjects underwent evaluations of TCMC and blood pressure (BP). There were significant differences in the hypertension prevalence among the various TCMC groups (P < .01). An adjusted logistic regression model indicated that those with phlegm wetness, yin deficiency, blood stasis, or qi deficiency were more likely to have hypertension. Analysis of the clinical characteristics related to TCMC indicated that different TCMCs corresponded to different hypertension classifications using Western medicine criteria; for example, phlegm wetness with hypertension was similar to obesity-related hypertension. Our results suggest that phlegm wetness, yin deficiency, blood stasis, and qi deficiency have different effects on the prevalence of hypertension. More attention should be paid to TCMCs associated with susceptibility to hypertension, and corresponding preventive and therapeutic treatments should be developed according to different TCMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital
- Health Management Research Center, Central South University
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University
| | - Xin Huang
- Preventive Medicine, Medical School of Hunan Normal University, Changsha
| | - Lu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - Cheng-Xian Guo
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Chang Liu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Yong-Mei He
- Second Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
| | - Hong Yuan
- Health Management Research Center, Central South University
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha
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24
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Gamma-glutamyltransferase and cardiovascular mortality in Korean adults: A cohort study. Atherosclerosis 2017; 265:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Lin CM, Hsieh CH, Lee CH, Pei D, Lin JD, Wu CZ, Liang YJ, Hung YJ, Chen YL. Predictive Value of Serum Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase for Future Cardiometabolic Dysregulation in Adolescents- a 10-year longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9636. [PMID: 28851958 PMCID: PMC5574888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09719-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. The relationships between γ-GT and cardiometabolic dysregulation remains unclear in adolescents. We enrolled 7,072 Taiwanese adolescents and followed them for a median of 6.8 years. The optimal cut-off values (CoVs) of baseline γ-GT to predict future MetS, hypertension (HTN), and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were determined by receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Using these CoVs, the participants were divided into normal- and high-level groups. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the subjects with a high level of γ-GT for the risk of future cardiometabolic dysregulation. Serum γ-GT was significantly higher in the subjects with MetS than in those without MetS at baseline (p < 0.001). The optimal CoVs of γ-GT were 12 U/L for boys and 11 U/L for girls. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, a higher serum γ-GT level increased the risk of future MetS (HRs 1.98 and 2.85 for boys and girls, respectively, both p < 0.001), but not new onset HTN and T2DM. In conclusion, serum γ-GT levels not only demonstrated an excellent correlation with the presence of MetS and also in predicting future MetS in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ming Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dee Pei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Diann Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ze Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yao-Jen Liang
- Department of Life Science, Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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26
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Park J, Lee J, Lee D, Lee Y. Serum γ-glutamyltransferase level and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Diabetes Investig 2017; 9:522-528. [PMID: 28741806 PMCID: PMC5934261 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is positively related to cardiometabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MetS), in adult populations. Our aim was to investigate whether serum GGT is independently associated with MetS and its components in a nationally representative sample of Korean children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included data from 1,618 participants (867 boys, 751 girls) aged 10-18 years from the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MetS was diagnosed by the 2007 International Diabetes Federation criteria for children and adolescents. Participants were stratified using a cut-off value of the 75th percentile of serum GGT levels (19 IU/L for boys, 15 IU/L for girls). The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for MetS and its components were determined with multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The mean values of most cardiometabolic variables were significantly higher in the upper stratum. Except for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in boys and elevated blood pressure in girls, participants in the upper GGT stratum had significantly higher odds of MetS and its components than those in the lower stratum. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for MetS for the upper stratum were 5.79 (95% confidence interval 1.21-27.02) in boys and 6.20 (95% confidence interval 1.71-22.47) in girls, after adjusting for age, household income and residential area. CONCLUSIONS Serum GGT was positively associated with MetS and its components in Korean children and adolescents. Serum GGT could be a useful measure for identifying children and adolescents with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae‐Min Park
- Department of Family MedicineKonkuk University Medical CenterSeoulKorea
| | - Jee‐Yon Lee
- Department of Family MedicineCHA University College of MedicineChaum Life CenterCHA Bundang Medical CenterSeoulKorea
| | - Duk‐Chul Lee
- Department of Family MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Yong‐Jae Lee
- Department of Family MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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27
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Wu L, He Y, Jiang B, Liu M, Yang S, Wang Y, Zeng J, Yao Y, Wang J. Gender difference in the association between aminotransferase levels and hypertension in a Chinese elderly population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6996. [PMID: 28538411 PMCID: PMC5457891 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between serum aminotransferase levels and hypertension, and have yielded inconsistent results.A cross-sectional study was performed in a Chinese rural elderly population. A total of 2174 participants with normal range of aminotransferase levels and without excessive drinking were included in the present study. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured on fasting morning serum samples using the Kinetic method. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg and/or receiving treatment for hypertension. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the association between gender-specific aminotransferase levels and hypertension.Increased serum ALT but not AST level was positively associated with hypertension. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the association of hypertension and ALT level was only significant in women: for each 1 IU/L elevation of ALT level, the adjusted odds ratio (OR), and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension was 1.04 (1.01, 1.07); the ORs of hypertension increased across tertiles of ALT, and the ORs (95% CIs) were 1.00, 1.17 (0.85, 1.60), and 1.63 (1.15, 2.31 (P value for trend = .021). Furthermore, the association was only significant in central obesity women or nondrinking women.ALT level was significantly associated with hypertension only in women in a Chinese rural elderly population. Further studies are warranted to explore the possible gender-related association and to extend them to different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
| | - Yao He
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aging and Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Acupuncture, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital
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Ajabnoor GMA, Bahijri S, Shaik NA, Borai A, Alamoudi AA, Al-Aama JY, Chrousos GP. Ramadan fasting in Saudi Arabia is associated with altered expression of CLOCK, DUSP and IL-1alpha genes, as well as changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174342. [PMID: 28384165 PMCID: PMC5401765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the fasting month of Ramadan, practicing Saudis develop severe disturbances in sleeping and feeding patterns. Concomitantly, cortisol circadian rhythm is abolished, diurnal cortisol levels are elevated and circulating levels of several adipokines are altered favouring insulin resistance. AIM To examine changes in the expression of CLOCK and glucocorticoid-controlled genes, such as DUSP1 and IL-1α in Saudi adults before and during Ramadan, and to investigate possible associations with selected cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS Healthy young volunteers (5 females, 18 males; mean age +SEM = 23.2 +1.2 years) were evaluated before Ramadan and two weeks into it. Blood samples were collected at 9 am (±1 hour) and twelve hours later for determination of serum lipid profile, high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), and adiponectin. The expression of CLOCK, DUSP1 and IL-1α was evaluated in circulating leukocytes. RESULTS Mean levels of GGT and morning adiponectin decreased, while those of LDL-c/ HDL-c and atherogenic index (AI) increased significantly in Ramadan compared to Shabaan. There was no significant difference between morning and evening adiponectin during Ramadan, while the diurnal rhythm of hsCRP was lost. CLOCK gene expression mean was significantly higher in morning than in evening during Shabaan. Mean morning and evening DUSP1 mRNA levels showed significant increase during Ramadan compared to Shabaan, however, its diurnal rhythm was maintained. Morning IL-1α mRNA expression remained significantly higher than in the evening during Ramadan, but was markedly decreased compared to Shabaan. DISCUSSION Ramadan fasting in Saudi Arabia is associated with improvements in some cardiometabolic risk factors, such as circulating GGT and hsCRP and leukocyte expression of IL-1α mRNA, suggesting that intermittent fasting might have a beneficial component. These benefits may be offset by the previously reported dysregulation in the circadian rhythm, excess glucocorticoid levels and action, and insulin resistance, explaining increased prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M. A. Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center,
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center,
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of
Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Anwar Borai
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center,
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), College of
Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS),
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliaa A. Alamoudi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center,
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Y. Al-Aama
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center,
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of
Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Saudi Diabetes Study Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center,
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical
School,‘‘Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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29
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Ndrepepa G, Kastrati A. Gamma-glutamyl transferase and cardiovascular disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:481. [PMID: 28149843 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme located on the external surface of cellular membranes. GGT contributes in maintaining the physiological concentrations of cytoplasmic glutathione and cellular defense against oxidative stress via cleavage of extracellular glutathione and increased availability of amino acids for its intracellular synthesis. Increased GGT activity is a marker of antioxidant inadequacy and increased oxidative stress. Ample evidence suggests that elevated GGT activity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, arterial hypertension, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and all-cause and CVD-related mortality. The evidence is weaker for an association between elevated GGT activity and acute ischemic events and myocardial infarction. The risk for CVD or CVD-related mortality mediated by GGT may be explained by the close correlation of GGT with conventional CVD risk factors and various comorbidities, particularly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol consumption, oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. The finding of GGT activity in atherosclerotic plaques and correlation of intra-plaque GGT activity with histological indexes of plaque instability may suggest a participation of GGT in the pathophysiology of CVD, particularly atherosclerosis. However, whether GGT has a direct role in the pathophysiology of CVD or it is an epiphenomenon of coexisting CVD risk factors or comorbidities remains unknown and Hill's criteria of causality relationship between GGT and CVD are not fulfilled. The exploration whether GGT provides prognostic information on top of the information provided by known cardiovascular risk factors regarding the CVD or CVD-related outcome and exploration of molecular mechanisms of GGT involvement in the pathophysiology of CVD and eventual use of interventions to reduce circulating GGT activity remain a duty of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjin Ndrepepa
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Adnan Kastrati
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany;; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Kunutsor SK. Gamma-glutamyltransferase-friend or foe within? Liver Int 2016; 36:1723-1734. [PMID: 27512925 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme, which is located on the plasma membranes of most cells and organ tissues, but more commonly in hepatocytes, and is routinely used in clinical practice to help indicate liver injury and as a marker of excessive alcohol consumption. Among the liver enzymes, important advances have especially been made in understanding the physiological functions of GGT. The primary role of GGT is the extracellular catabolism of glutathione, the major thiol antioxidant in mammalian cells, which plays a relevant role in protecting cells against oxidants produced during normal metabolism; GGT, therefore, plays an important role in cellular defence. Beyond its physiological functions, circulating serum GGT has been linked to a remarkable array of chronic conditions and diseases, which include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, vascular and nonvascular diseases and mortality outcomes. This review summarizes the available epidemiological and genetic evidence for the associations between GGT and these adverse outcomes, the postulated biologic mechanisms underlying these associations, outlines areas of outstanding uncertainty and the implications for clinical practice.
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Association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase and chronic kidney disease in urban Han Chinese: a prospective cohort study. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 49:303-312. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gamma-glutamyltransferase and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective evidence. J Hypertens 2016; 33:2373-81. [PMID: 26485462 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review was to obtain a reliable estimate of the magnitude of the prospective association between gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and risk of hypertension, and to characterize the nature of the dose-response relationship. We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of published prospective studies. Relevant studies were identified in a literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up to May 2015. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) were meta-analyzed using random effects models. We examined a potential nonlinear relationship using restricted cubic splines. Of the 612 titles reviewed, we included 14 cohort studies with data on 44 582 participants and 5 270 hypertension cases. In a comparison of extreme thirds of baseline levels of GGT, RR for hypertension in pooled analysis of all 14 studies was 1.32 (95% confidence interval: 1.23-1.43). There was heterogeneity among the studies (P < 0.001), which was to a large part explained by average age of participants at baseline, average duration of follow-up, and the degree of confounder adjustment. In a pooled dose-response analysis of 10 studies with relevant data, there was evidence of a linear association between GGT and hypertension risk (P for nonlinearity = 0.37). The pooled RR of hypertension per 5 U/l increment in GGT levels was 1.08 (95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.13). Baseline circulating GGT level is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in the general population, consistent with a linear dose-response relationship. Further investigation of any potential relevance of GGT in hypertension prevention is warranted.
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Obesity, albuminuria, and gamma-glutamyl transferase predict incidence of hypertension in indigenous Australians in rural and remote communities in northern Australia. J Hypertens 2016; 33:704-9; discussion 709-10. [PMID: 25490708 PMCID: PMC4354461 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence of hypertension in a cohort of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. METHOD A follow-up study conducted among 1831 indigenous population aged 15 years and over without hypertension at baseline from 19 communities in North Queensland during 1997-2008. Main measurements included baseline and follow-up weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol), gamma-glutamyl transferase, urinary albumin creatinine ratio, self-reported tobacco smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity. RESULTS Hundred cases of hypertension developed over 2633.4 person-years giving a crude incidence of hypertension of 22.6 (16.2-31.4) per 1000 person-years in females and 60.0 (47.1-76.6) per 1000 person-years for males. Age standardized overall incidence was 51.9 per 1000 person-years. Aboriginal participants were twice as likely as Torres Strait Islanders to develop hypertension, which increased with age. Obesity (BMI >30) strongly predicted incident hypertension independently of age or sex (adjusted hazard ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.9-4.8). Albuminuria and elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase increased the risk of hypertension (adjusted hazard ratio 1.4-1.7) in this population. CONCLUSION Incidence of hypertension in indigenous Australian adults is nearly double than that of the general Australian population. High background prevalence of obesity, diabetes and albuminuria contributes to this excess. As well as early detection and management of high blood pressure, albuminuria and diabetes in primary care settings, attention should be equally focused on community-level prevention and management of obesity.
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Ren J, Sun J, Ning F, Pang Z, Qie L, Qiao Q. Gender differences in the association of hypertension with gamma-glutamyltransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in Chinese adults in Qingdao, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:951-8. [PMID: 26542414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to study the associations of hypertension with gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Data of 3575 men and 5504 women were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for hypertension with GGT and ALT. Compared with the lowest quartile, the multivariate adjusted ORs for hypertension were 0.97 (0.79, 1.19) in men and 0.88 (0.74, 1.04) in women for ALT and 2.29 (1.68, 3.14) and 1.52 (1.27, 1.83) for GGT in the highest quartile group. The ORs for hypertension in the low waist circumference category were 2.61 (1.56, 4.36) in men and 1.41 (0.94, 2.12) in women and in the high waist circumference category 4.01 (2.21, 7.29) and 2.26 (1.54, 3.32) for GGT. The elevated GGT, but not ALT, was associated with the presence of the hypertension in men and women. The association is stronger in obese men and women than in their lean counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Shandong Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Jianping Sun
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Ning
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China; Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangyi Qie
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.
| | - Qing Qiao
- Department of Research & Development, Astrazeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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Fisher L, Srikusalanukul W, Fisher A, Smith P. Liver function parameters in hip fracture patients: relations to age, adipokines, comorbidities and outcomes. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:100-15. [PMID: 25589886 PMCID: PMC4293175 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.10696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To asses liver markers in older patients with hip fracture (HF) in relation to age, comorbidities, metabolic characteristics and short-term outcomes. METHODS In 294 patients with HF (mean age 82.0±7.9 years, 72.1% women) serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, bilirubin, 25(OH)vitaminD, PTH, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, thyroid function and cardiac troponin I were measured. RESULTS Elevated ALT, GGT, ALP or bilirubin levels on admission were observed in 1.7%-9.9% of patients. With age GGT, ALT and leptin decrease, while PTH and adiponectin concentrations increase. Higher GGT (>30 U/L, median level) was associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and alcohol overuse; lower ALT (≤20 U/L, median level) with dementia; total bilirubin>20 μmol/L with CAD and alcohol overuse; and albumin>33 g/L with CAD. Multivariate adjusted regression analyses revealed ALT, ALP, adiponectin, alcohol overuse and DM as independent and significant determinants of GGT (as continuous or categorical variable); GGT for each other liver marker; and PTH for adiponectin. The risk of prolonged hospital stay (>20 days) was about two times higher in patients with GGT>30 U/L or adiponectin>17.14 ng/L (median level) and 4.7 times higher if both conditions coexisted. The risk of in-hospital death was 3 times higher if albumin was <33 g/L. CONCLUSIONS In older HF patients liver markers even within the normal range are associated with age-related disorders and outcomes. Adiponectin (but not 25(OH)vitaminD, PTH, leptin or resistin) is an independent contributor to higher GGT. Serum GGT and albumin predict prolonged hospital stay and in-hospital death, respectively. A unifying hypothesis of the findings presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Fisher
- 1. Department of Gastroenterology, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Wichat Srikusalanukul
- 2. Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alexander Fisher
- 2. Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia ; 4. Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Paul Smith
- 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia ; 4. Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Zatu MC, Van Rooyen JM, Kruger A, Schutte AE. Alcohol intake, hypertension development and mortality in black South Africans. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2014; 23:308-15. [PMID: 25500903 DOI: 10.1177/2047487314563447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol intake is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and predicts cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We determined which alcohol marker (self-reported alcohol intake, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) or percentage carbohydrate deficient transferrin (%CDT)) relates best with mortality and predicts hypertension development over five years in black South Africans. DESIGN This was a longitudinal study as part of the PURE (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology) study in the North West Province, South Africa. METHOD We included 2010 participants and followed 1471 participants. Over five years, 230 deaths occurred, of which 66 were cardiovascular-related. At enrolment, participants completed questionnaires on alcohol intake (yes, for former and current use; no, for alcohol never used). We measured blood pressure, collected blood samples and measured GGT and %CDT. RESULTS When comparing hazard ratios (HRs) of self-report, GGT and %CDT, we found that only GGT predicted cardiovascular (HR = 2.76 (1.49-5.12)) and all-cause mortality (HR = 2.47 (1.75-3.47)) and hypertension development ((HR = 1.31 (1.06-1.62)). Participants self-reporting yes for alcohol intake had a 30% increased risk of developing hypertension (HR = 1.30 (1.07-1.60)) but not an increased risk for mortality. When adding both GGT and self-report in the prediction model for hypertension, only self-reporting of alcohol was significant (HR = 1.24 (1.01-1.53)). The alcohol marker, %CDT, did not show any significant association with mortality or hypertension development. CONCLUSION GGT independently predicted cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, as well as hypertension development in black South Africans. Despite non-specificity to excessive alcohol consumption, GGT may be a useful general marker for hypertension development and mortality, also due to its significant association with self-reported alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandlenkosi C Zatu
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa Medical Research Council: Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, South Africa Department of Physiology, University of Limpopo (Medunsa), South Africa
| | | | - Annamarie Kruger
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR), North-West University, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, South Africa
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Lee YH, Kweon SS, Choi JS, Nam HS, Jeong SK, Park KS, Choi SW, Ahn HR, Shin MH. Lack of association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and carotid atherosclerosis: the Namwon Study. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:268-72. [PMID: 25282687 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is little evidence for an association between gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and carotid atherosclerosis, an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. We examined the association between serum GGT and carotid atherosclerotic parameters, including carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques, in a large general population. METHODS The study population consisted of community-dwelling adults who participated in the baseline survey of the Namwon Study. A total of 9120 subjects aged 45-74 years were included in the analyses. High-resolution B-mode ultrasound was used to measure carotid IMT and to evaluate the presence of carotid plaques. A mean carotid IMT of ≥1.0 mm was classified as 'high carotid IMT'. RESULTS Serum GGT levels were classified into quartiles. In a fully adjusted model, we found no linear trend between GGT quartile and mean carotid IMT (P for trend = 0.167). Compared with the first quartile (the reference category), the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for high carotid IMT were 0.89 (0.68-1.16), 1.10 (0.84-1.43), and 0.97 (0.71-1.33) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles (P for trend = 0.754), respectively. The ORs (95% CIs) for carotid plaques were 0.89 (0.77-1.02), 0.95 (0.82-1.10), and 0.94 (0.79-1.11) for the second, third, and fourth quartiles, respectively, in the fully adjusted model (P for trend = 0.644). CONCLUSIONS No significant association of GGT concentration with carotid IMT or plaques was found in this large cross-sectional study. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea; Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Jin-Su Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hae-Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University Medical School-Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seonam University College of Medicine, Namwon, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hye-Ran Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea; Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Fasting glucose and HbA1c levels as risk factors for the development of hypertension in Japanese individuals: Toranomon hospital health management center study 16 (TOPICS 16). J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:254-9. [PMID: 25231510 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of elevated concentrations of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on the risk of development of hypertension among apparently healthy Japanese. Studied were 9584 individuals without known diabetes and hypertension. During a 5-year follow-up period, 1098 individuals developed hypertension. Elevated concentrations of FPG, rather than of HbA1c, were significantly predictive of future hypertension. Compared with the lowest quartile category of FPG (<4.9 mmol l(-1)), the second (4.9-<5.2 mmol l(-1)), third (5.2-<5.6 mmol l(-1)) and highest (⩾ 5.6 mmol l(-1)) quartile categories had age-, sex- and body mass index-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.35 (1.10, 1.66), 1.39 (1.13, 1.71) and 1.85 (1.51, 2.28) for hypertension, respectively. In the highest quartile of FPG, the multivariate-adjusted OR was 1.37 (1.10, 1.70) compared with the lowest quartile. Results of these adjusted models showed no significant association across quartile categories of HbA1c concentrations and an increased risk of developing hypertension. The joint effect of hyperglycemia and overweight, older age or prehypertension resulted in further elevated ORs for hypertension than the absence of such an association. Higher FPG levels rather than HbA1c were strongly predictive of future hypertension among Japanese. Hyperglycemia along with older age, overweight and prehypertension contributed to identifying individuals at increased risk of developing hypertension.
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Bradley R, Fitzpatrick AL, Jenny NS, Lee DH, Jacobs DR. Associations between total serum GGT activity and metabolic risk: MESA. Biomark Med 2014; 7:709-21. [PMID: 24044563 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate associations between total serum GGT activity, metabolic risk factors and prevalent metabolic disease in MESA. PATIENTS & METHODS Continuous associations between GGT and fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, HbA1c and Homeostasis Model Assessment Index of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated in the entire MESA cohort and in metabolic disease subgroups using linear regression models incrementally adjusted for age, gender, site, race, lifestyle, traditional risk factors and medications. Cross-sectional odds of prevalent impaired FBG, metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes were calculated for GGT quintiles in the entire cohort and in subgroups defined by age (< or ≥65 years) and ethnicity. RESULTS In multivariable models, significant associations were present between GGT activity and FBG, fasting insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR, with the interaction between GGT and BMI affecting the association between GGT and HOMA-IR as well as the association between BMI and HOMA-IR (p < 0.0001). Adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) of prevalent impaired FBG, metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes for quintile 5 versus 1 in the entire cohort were 2.4 (1.7-3.5), 3.3 (2.5-4.5) and 2.8 (1.8-4.4), respectively (p < 0.0001). GGT associations weakened with age. The significance of linear trends for increased prevalent metabolic disease by increasing GGT quintile varied by ethnicity. CONCLUSION GGT is strongly associated with both cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, including prevalent metabolic disease, in the MESA cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bradley
- Bastyr University Research Institute, 4106 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Long Y, Zeng F, Shi J, Tian H, Chen T. Gamma-glutamyltransferase predicts increased risk of mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:716-28. [PMID: 24684379 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.902055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and mortality through a comprehensive analysis of existing evidence. PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature, and Science Citation Index databases were electronically searched. Studies were included if the study design was prospective and included reference and at-risk levels of GGT at baseline and mortality as a separate outcome. The quality of the studies included was assessed on the basis of Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data from selected qualified studies were systematically reviewed, pooled, and analyzed according to the MOOSE guidelines and PRISMA statement. The results included the following: 1. 35 studies including 571,511 participants and 72,196 cases of mortality; 2. GGT, even at physiologic levels, was associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, and might also be associated with cancer-related mortality in the general population; and 3. GGT was very likely to be associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many of the studies included did not specifically exclude subjects with hepatic diseases or alcohol abuse, which may have obscured the results. Moderate heterogeneity was observed in the meta-analysis of GGT and all-cause mortality. Different compositions of cause-specific mortality might be the reason. However, subgroup analysis could only be performed on cardiovascular death because of insufficient information. GGT, even at physiologic high levels, predicted mortality, especially cardiovascular mortality and cancer mortality. The underlining mechanism and potential effects of GGT-targeted intervention on health warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Long
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan , P. R. China
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Ryoo JH, Oh CM, Kim HS, Park SK, Choi JM. Clinical association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase levels and the development of insulin resistance in Korean men: a 5-year follow-up study. Diabet Med 2014; 31:455-61. [PMID: 24102943 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In recent years, γ-glutamyltransferase has emerged as a predictor of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, the metabolic syndrome and hypertension. However, it is not yet certain whether γ-glutamyltransferase is a predictor for insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between baseline γ-glutamyltransferase level and the development of insulin resistance in Korean men. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study, involving 22 931 healthy Korean men without baseline insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR < 2.7) for 5 years. We checked the HOMA-IR serially to monitor the development of insulin resistance (incidence of HOMA-IR ≥ 2.7). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine hazard ratios for insulin resistance by quartile groups of baseline serum γ-glutamyltransferase levels. RESULTS During 81 208.6 person-years of follow-up, 3856 (16.8%) cases of insulin resistance developed between 2006 and 2010. After adjusting for multiple covariates, including baseline HOMA-IR, the hazard ratios (95% CI) for incident insulin resistance comparing the second to the fourth quartile of baseline serum γ-glutamyltransferase levels with the first quartile were 1.19 (1.06-1.33), 1.38 (1.23-1.53) and 1.58 (1.41-1.77), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that serum γ-glutamyltransferase level could be a predictor of the development of insulin resistance in Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ryoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University
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Ishigami T, Yamamoto R, Nagasawa Y, Isaka Y, Rakugi H, Iseki K, Yamagata K, Tsuruya K, Yoshida H, Fujimoto S, Asahi K, Kurahashi I, Ohashi Y, Moriyama T, Watanabe T. An association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase and proteinuria in drinkers and non-drinkers: a Japanese nationwide cross-sectional survey. Clin Exp Nephrol 2014; 18:899-910. [PMID: 24493465 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-014-0938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between alcohol consumption and chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by reduced glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria, is controversial. Recent studies suggest that serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level, a conventional marker of excessive alcohol consumption, predicts the CKD incidence. Little information is available on the difference in the clinical impact of alcohol consumption and GGT on proteinuria. METHODS The present cross-sectional survey included 332,296 Japanese people aged ≥40 years in 2008. To examine the associations of GGT and alcohol consumption with proteinuria, 134,600 men and 197,696 women were classified into 20 categories based on GGT quartiles and alcohol consumption categories, and their prevalence rate ratios (PRR) of proteinuria defined as ≥1+ of dipstick urinary protein were calculated after adjusting for clinically relevant factors. RESULTS Prevalence of proteinuria was 7.5 and 3.7 % in men and women, respectively. In both gender an association between alcohol consumption and proteinuria was in a J-shaped fashion with the lowest PRR of mild drinkers with ≤19 g/day of ethanol consumption, whereas an association between serum GGT level and proteinuria was linear. Compared with rare drinkers in the lowest GGT quartile, the subjects in higher GGT quartiles had a higher probability of proteinuria, irrespective of alcohol consumption. An optimal cutoff level of serum GGT was 43.6 and 23.2 IU/L in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The subjects with higher serum GGT level had a higher probability of proteinuria, regardless of alcohol consumption, suggesting that GGT has a clinically greater impact on CKD than alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Ishigami
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-B6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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Akgul O, Uyarel H. G-glutamyl transferase: a novel prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease. J Crit Care 2013; 29:167-8. [PMID: 24331949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Akgul
- Clinic of Cardiology, İstanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic, Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Uyarel
- Clinic of Cardiology, İstanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic, Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Nagel G, Zitt E, Peter R, Pompella A, Concin H, Lhotta K. Body mass index and metabolic factors predict glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria over 20 years in a high-risk population. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:177. [PMID: 23962027 PMCID: PMC3765663 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The number of individuals suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing. Therefore, early identification of modifiable predictors of CKD is highly desirable. Previous studies suggest an association between body mass index (BMI), metabolic factors and CKD. Methods Data of 241 high risk patients with information on renal function and albuminuria from the Renal Disease in Vorarlberg (RENVOR) study (2010–2011) were linked with long-term measurements of metabolic factors in the same patients from the population-based Vorarlberg Health Monitoring & Prevention Program (VHM&PP) cohort study (1988–2005). Actual estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) were determined. BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) were available from previous health examinations performed up to 25 years ago. Linear regression models were applied to identify predictors of current renal function. Results At all-time points BMI was significantly inversely associated with actual eGFR and positively with actual albuminuria in men, but not in women. Serum GGT and triglycerides were significantly positively associated with albuminuria in men at all-time points. Fasting glucose levels more than 20 years earlier were associated with increased albuminuria in women and reduced eGFR in men, whereas at later time points it was associated with albuminuria in men. Conclusions BMI, serum GGT, and triglycerides are long-term predictors of renal function in men. In women however, anthropometric and metabolic parameters seem to be less predictive of eGFR and albuminuria.
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Castellano I, Merlino A. Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidases: Structure and Function. GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSPEPTIDASES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0682-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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