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Morales-Espinosa R, Delgado G, Espinosa-Camacho F, Flores-Alanis A, Rodriguez C, Mendez JL, Gonzalez-Pedraza A, Cravioto A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from animal with high virulence genes content and highly sensitive to antimicrobials. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 37:75-80. [PMID: 38452900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES P. aeruginosa is one of the most metabolically versatile bacteria having the ability to survive in multiple environments through its accessory genome. An important hallmark of P. aeruginosa is the high level of antibiotic resistance, which often makes eradication difficult and sometimes impossible. Evolutionary forces have led to this bacterium to develop high antimicrobial resistance with a variety of elements contributing to both intrinsic and acquired resistance. The objectives were to genetically and phenotypically characterizer P. aeruginosa strains isolated from companion animals of different species. METHODS We characterized a collection of 39 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from infected animals. The genetic characterization was in relation to chromosomal profile by PFGE; content of virulence gene; presence of genomic islands (GIs); genes of the cytotoxins exported by T3SS: exoU, exoS, exoT and exoY; and type IV pili allele. The phenotypic characterization was based on patterns of susceptibility to different antimicrobials. RESULTS Each strain had a PFGE profile, a high virulence genes content, and a large accessory genome. However, most of the strains presented high sensitivity to almost all antimicrobials tested, showing no acquired resistance (no β-lactamases). The exception to this lack of resistance was seen with penicillin. CONCLUSIONS P. aeruginosa could be a naturally sensitive bacterium to standard antimicrobials but could rapidly develop intrinsic and acquired resistance when the bacterium is exposed to pressure exerted by antibiotics, as observed in hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Morales-Espinosa
- Bacterial Genomic Laboratory, Microbiology and Parasitology Deparment, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Gabriela Delgado
- Bacterial Genomic Laboratory, Microbiology and Parasitology Deparment, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Fernando Espinosa-Camacho
- Bacterial Genomic Laboratory, Microbiology and Parasitology Deparment, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandro Flores-Alanis
- Bacterial Genomic Laboratory, Microbiology and Parasitology Deparment, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cristina Rodriguez
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jose L Mendez
- Bacterial Genomic Laboratory, Microbiology and Parasitology Deparment, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alberto Gonzalez-Pedraza
- Bacterial Genomic Laboratory, Microbiology and Parasitology Deparment, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandro Cravioto
- Bacterial Genomic Laboratory, Microbiology and Parasitology Deparment, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
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Oves M, Khan MS, Al-Shaeri M, Khan MS. Antifungal potential of multi-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: harnessing pyocyanin for candida growth inhibition. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1375872. [PMID: 38846355 PMCID: PMC11155300 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1375872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa is notorious for its multidrug resistance and its involvement in hospital-acquired infections. In this study, 20 bacterial strains isolated from soil samples near the Hindan River in Ghaziabad, India, were investigated for their biochemical and morphological characteristics, with a focus on identifying strains with exceptional drug resistance and pyocyanin production. Methods The isolated bacterial strains were subjected to biochemical and morphological analyses to characterize their properties, with a particular emphasis on exopolysaccharide production. Strain GZB16/CEES1, exhibiting remarkable drug resistance and pyocyanin production. Biochemical and molecular analyses, including sequencing of its 16S rRNA gene (accession number LN735036.1), plasmid-curing assays, and estimation of plasmid size, were conducted to elucidate its drug resistance mechanisms and further pyocynin based target the Candida albicans Strain GZB16/CEES1 demonstrated 100% resistance to various antibiotics used in the investigation, with plasmid-curing assays, suggesting plasmid-based resistance gene transmission. The plasmid in GZB16/CEES1 was estimated to be approximately 24 kb in size. The study focused on P. aeruginosa's pyocyanin production, revealing its association with anticandidal activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the bacterial extract against Candida albicans was 50 μg/ml, with a slightly lower pyocyanin-based MIC of 38.5 μg/ml. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated direct interactions between P. aeruginosa strains and Candida albicans cells, leading to the destruction of the latter. Discussion These findings underscore the potential of P. aeruginosa in understanding microbial interactions and developing strategies to combat fungal infections. The study highlights the importance of investigating bacterial-fungal interactions and the role of pyocyanin in antimicrobial activity. Further research in this area could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for combating multidrug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Oves
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Al-Shaeri
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Chen H, Ng C, Tran NH, Haller L, Goh SG, Charles FR, Wu Z, Lim JX, Gin KYH. Removal efficiency of antibiotic residues, antibiotic resistant bacteria, and genes across parallel secondary settling tank and membrane bioreactor treatment trains in a water reclamation plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171723. [PMID: 38492595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is recognized as a potent threat to human health. Wastewater treatment facilities are viewed as hotspots for the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This study provides comprehensive data on the occurrences of 3 different antibiotic resistant opportunistic pathogens (with resistance to up to 5 antibiotics), 13 antibiotic resistant genes and intI1, and 22 different antimicrobial residues in a large water reclamation plant (176 million gallons per day) that runs a conventional Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) reactor followed by a secondary settling tank (SST) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) in parallel. All the antibiotic resistant bacteria and most of the antibiotic resistance genes were present in the raw influent, ranging from 2.5 × 102-3.7 × 106 CFU/mL and 1.2× 10-1-6.5 × 1010 GCN/mL, respectively. MBR outperformed the SST system in terms of ARB removal as the ARB targets were largely undetected in MBR effluent, with log removals ranging from 2.7 to 6.8, while SST only had log removals ranging from 0.27 to 4.6. Most of the ARG concentrations were found to have significantly higher in SST effluent than MBR permeate, and MBR had significantly higher removal efficiency for most targets (p < 0.05) except for sul1, sul2, blaOXA48, intI1 and 16S rRNA genes (p > 0.05). As for the antibiotic residues (AR), there was no significant removal from the start to the end of the treatment process, although MBR had higher removal efficiencies for azithromycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, erythromycin-H2O, lincomycin, sulfamethoxazole and triclosan, compared to the SST system. In conclusion, MBR outperformed SST in terms of ARB and ARGs removal. However low removal efficiencies of most AR targets were apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Chen
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 Create Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Charmaine Ng
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building (#02-01), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Ngoc Han Tran
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building (#02-01), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Laurence Haller
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building (#02-01), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Shin Giek Goh
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building (#02-01), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Francis Rathinam Charles
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building (#02-01), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Zhixin Wu
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building (#02-01), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Jit Xin Lim
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building (#02-01), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, T-Lab Building (#02-01), 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Block E1A-07-03, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.
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Khan MAS, Islam Z, Shah ST, Rahman SR. Characterization of biofilm formation and multi-drug resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2024; 22:825-834. [PMID: 38822462 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2024.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater has been identified as a hotspot for the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens that present a serious threat to public health. Therefore, we investigated the current status of antibiotic resistance as well as the phenotypic and genotypic basis of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The disc diffusion method and the crystal violet assay were performed to characterize antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, respectively. Biofilm and integron-associated genes were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance to different antibiotics, in which >80% of isolates showed sensitivity to meropenem, amikacin, and gentamicin. The results indicated that 93.82% of isolates were MDR and 71 out of 76 MDR isolates showed biofilm formation activities. We observed the high prevalence of biofilm-related genes, in which algD+pelF+pslD+ (82.7%) was found to be the prevalent biofilm genotypic pattern. Sixteen isolates (19.75%) possessed class 1 integron (int1) genes. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant association between biofilm formation and multidrug resistance (χ2 = 0.35, P = 0.55). Taken together, hospital wastewater in Dhaka city may act as a reservoir for MDR and biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa, and therefore, the adequate treatment of wastewater is recommended to reduce the occurrence of outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayem Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Md Abu Sayem Khan and Zahidul Islam contributed equally to this study
| | - Zahidul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Md Abu Sayem Khan and Zahidul Islam contributed equally to this study
| | - Sm Tanjil Shah
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Rath A, Kieninger B, Fritsch J, Caplunik-Pratsch A, Blaas S, Ochmann M, Pfeifer M, Hartl J, Holzmann T, Schneider-Brachert W. Whole-genome sequencing reveals two prolonged simultaneous outbreaks involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk strains ST111 and ST235 with resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds. J Hosp Infect 2024; 145:155-164. [PMID: 38286239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Water-bearing systems are known as frequent Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) outbreak sources. However, many older buildings continue to have sanitary facilities in high-risk departments such as the ICU. We present two simultaneous prolonged multi-drug-resistant (MDR) PA outbreaks detected at the ICU of a pulmonology hospital, which were resolved by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). METHODS Outbreak management and investigations were initiated in August 2019 after detecting two patients with nosocomial VIM-2-positive MDR PA. The investigations involved weekly patient screenings for four months and extensive environmental sampling for 15 months. All patient and environmental isolates were collected and analysed by WGS. RESULTS From April to September 2019, we identified 10 patients with nosocomial MDR PA, including five VIM-2-positive strains. VIM-2-positive strains were also detected in nine sink drains, two toilets, and a cleaning bucket. WGS revealed that of 16 VIM-2-positive isolates, 14 were ST111 that carried qacE, or qacEΔ1 genes, whereas 13 isolates clustered (difference of ≤11 alleles by cgMLST). OXA-2 (two toilets), and OXA-2, OXA-74, PER-1 (two patients, three toilets) qacEΔ1-positive ST235 isolates dominated among VIM-2-negative isolates. The remaining seven PA strains were ST17, ST233, ST273, ST309 and ST446. Outbreak containment was achieved by replacing U-bends, and cleaning buckets, and switching from quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATs) to oxygen-releasing disinfectant products. CONCLUSION Comprehension and management of two simultaneous MDR PA outbreaks involving the high-risk strains ST111 and ST235 were facilitated by precise control due to identification of different outbreak sources per strain, and by the in-silico detection of high-level QUATs resistance in all isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rath
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - B Kieninger
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Fritsch
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Caplunik-Pratsch
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Blaas
- Donaustauf Hospital, Centre for Pneumology, Donaustauf, Germany
| | - M Ochmann
- Donaustauf Hospital, Centre for Pneumology, Donaustauf, Germany
| | - M Pfeifer
- Donaustauf Hospital, Centre for Pneumology, Donaustauf, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Hospital of the Merciful Brother Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Hartl
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Hospital of the Merciful Brother "St. Barbara", Schwandorf, Germany
| | - T Holzmann
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Schneider-Brachert
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Ambreetha S, Zincke D, Balachandar D, Mathee K. Genomic and metabolic versatility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to its inter-kingdom transmission and survival. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38362900 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most versatile bacteria with renowned pathogenicity and extensive drug resistance. The diverse habitats of this bacterium include fresh, saline and drainage waters, soil, moist surfaces, taps, showerheads, pipelines, medical implants, nematodes, insects, plants, animals, birds and humans. The arsenal of virulence factors produced by P. aeruginosa includes pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, siderophores, lytic enzymes, toxins and polysaccharides. All these virulent elements coupled with intrinsic, adaptive and acquired antibiotic resistance facilitate persistent colonization and lethal infections in different hosts. To date, treating pulmonary diseases remains complicated due to the chronic secondary infections triggered by hospital-acquired P. aeruginosa. On the contrary, this bacterium can improve plant growth by suppressing phytopathogens and insects. Notably, P. aeruginosa is one of the very few bacteria capable of trans-kingdom transmission and infection. Transfer of P. aeruginosa strains from plant materials to hospital wards, animals to humans, and humans to their pets occurs relatively often. Recently, we have identified that plant-associated P. aeruginosa strains could be pathologically similar to clinical isolates. In this review, we have highlighted the genomic and metabolic factors that facilitate the dominance of P. aeruginosa across different biological kingdoms and the varying roles of this bacterium in plant and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Ambreetha
- Developmental Biology and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Dananjeyan Balachandar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Gervasoni LF, Peixoto IC, Imperador AC, De Oliveira LB, Correia LF, de Oliveira Vieira KC, Saeki EK, da Silva Lima PE, Mareco EA, Pereira VC, Winkelströter Eller LK. "Relationship between antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, virulence factors and source of origin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa environmental isolates with regard to the presence of metallo-β-lactamase-encoding genes". Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106223. [PMID: 37423498 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A total of 557 water samples were evaluated and of these, 23 were positive for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Approximately 91.7% of them were weak biofilm formers. Only 4 isolates showed antimicrobial resistance. All isolates presented Twitching motility, a positive result for the production of pyocyanin, alkaline protease, and hemolysins. The genotypic tests showed: lasA, (95.6%) lasB (95.6%), exoS (95.6%), exoT (91.3%), toxA (91.3%), akgO (91.3%), plcN (91.3%) aprA (86.9%), phzM (78.3%), and pvdA (60.9%). For genes encoding metallo-beta-lactamase, it was found: blaVIM (56.6%), blaSPM (4.3%), and blaSIM (47.8%). A strong association was found between the metallo-beta-lactamase producing genes, nine genes of virulence factors and the motility (r = 0.6231). The very close clonal profile suggests a probable similarity between the isolates from different cities. Thus, P. aeruginosa can be present in water supplies with variable virulence capacities and can generate a huge concern for human, animal, and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Franco Gervasoni
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Western São Paulo - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil
| | - Inaiá Calegari Peixoto
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Western São Paulo - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil
| | - Anna Cardoso Imperador
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Western São Paulo - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil
| | - Lívia Batista De Oliveira
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Western São Paulo - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil
| | - Lucimeire Fernandes Correia
- Health Science, University of Western São Paulo - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil
| | - Karolinny Cristiny de Oliveira Vieira
- Program of Animal Science, University of Western São Paulo, - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil
| | - Erika Kushikawa Saeki
- Regional Laboratory of Presidente Prudente, Adolfo Lutz Institute - Avenida Coronel José Soares Marcondes, 2357 - Vila Maristela, CEP: 19020-120. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil
| | - Paula Esteves da Silva Lima
- Regional Laboratory of Presidente Prudente, Adolfo Lutz Institute - Avenida Coronel José Soares Marcondes, 2357 - Vila Maristela, CEP: 19020-120. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil
| | - Edson Assunção Mareco
- Environment and Regional Development Graduate Program, University of Western São Paulo - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil
| | - Valéria Cataneli Pereira
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Western São Paulo - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil; Health Science, University of Western São Paulo - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil
| | - Lizziane Kretli Winkelströter Eller
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Western São Paulo - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil; Health Science, University of Western São Paulo - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil; Program of Animal Science, University of Western São Paulo, - Rua José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, CEP: 19050-920. Presidente Prudente, SP/Brazil.
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Marutescu LG, Popa M, Gheorghe-Barbu I, Barbu IC, Rodríguez-Molina D, Berglund F, Blaak H, Flach CF, Kemper MA, Spießberger B, Wengenroth L, Larsson DGJ, Nowak D, Radon K, de Roda Husman AM, Wieser A, Schmitt H, Pircalabioru Gradisteanu G, Vrancianu CO, Chifiriuc MC. Wastewater treatment plants, an "escape gate" for ESCAPE pathogens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1193907. [PMID: 37293232 PMCID: PMC10244645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are an essential tool of modern medicine, contributing to significantly decreasing mortality and morbidity rates from infectious diseases. However, persistent misuse of these drugs has accelerated the evolution of antibiotic resistance, negatively impacting clinical practice. The environment contributes to both the evolution and transmission of resistance. From all anthropically polluted aquatic environments, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are probably the main reservoirs of resistant pathogens. They should be regarded as critical control points for preventing or reducing the release of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) into the natural environment. This review focuses on the fate of the pathogens Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae spp. (ESCAPE) in WWTPs. All ESCAPE pathogen species, including high-risk clones and resistance determinants to last-resort antibiotics such as carbapenems, colistin, and multi-drug resistance platforms, were detected in wastewater. The whole genome sequencing studies demonstrate the clonal relationships and dissemination of Gram-negative ESCAPE species into the wastewater via hospital effluents and the enrichment of virulence and resistance determinants of S. aureus and enterococci in WWTPs. Therefore, the efficiency of different wastewater treatment processes regarding the removal of clinically relevant ARB species and ARGs, as well as the influence of water quality factors on their performance, should be explored and monitored, along with the development of more effective treatments and appropriate indicators (ESCAPE bacteria and/or ARGs). This knowledge will allow the development of quality standards for point sources and effluents to consolidate the WWTP barrier role against the environmental and public health AR threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Gabriela Marutescu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marcela Popa
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Gheorghe-Barbu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilda Czobor Barbu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daloha Rodríguez-Molina
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology – IBE, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Fanny Berglund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hetty Blaak
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Carl-Fredrik Flach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Merel Aurora Kemper
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Beate Spießberger
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Wengenroth
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D. G. Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Radon
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Maria de Roda Husman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Wieser
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gratiela Pircalabioru Gradisteanu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences Section, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Milligan EG, Calarco J, Davis BC, Keenum IM, Liguori K, Pruden A, Harwood VJ. A Systematic Review of Culture-Based Methods for Monitoring Antibiotic-Resistant Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas as Environmentally Relevant Pathogens in Wastewater and Surface Water. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023:10.1007/s40572-023-00393-9. [PMID: 36821031 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mounting evidence indicates that habitats such as wastewater and environmental waters are pathways for the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and mobile antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We identified antibiotic-resistant members of the genera Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas as key opportunistic pathogens that grow or persist in built (e.g., wastewater) or natural aquatic environments. Effective methods for monitoring these ARB in the environment are needed to understand their influence on dissemination of ARB and ARGs, but standard methods have not been developed. This systematic review considers peer-reviewed papers where the ARB above were cultured from wastewater or surface water, focusing on the accuracy of current methodologies. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies suggest that many clinically important ARGs were originally acquired from environmental microorganisms. Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas species are of interest because their ability to persist and grow in the environment provides opportunities to engage in horizontal gene transfer with other environmental bacteria. Pathogenic strains of these organisms resistant to multiple, clinically relevant drug classes have been identified as an urgent threat. However, culture methods for these bacteria were generally developed for clinical samples and are not well-vetted for environmental samples. The search criteria yielded 60 peer-reviewed articles over the past 20 years, which reported a wide variety of methods for isolation, confirmation, and antibiotic resistance assays. Based on a systematic comparison of the reported methods, we suggest a path forward for standardizing methodologies for monitoring antibiotic resistant strains of these bacteria in water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin G Milligan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jeanette Calarco
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Benjamin C Davis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ishi M Keenum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Krista Liguori
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. .,Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Valerie J Harwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
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10
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Talat A, Blake KS, Dantas G, Khan AU. Metagenomic Insight into Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of High Clinical Concern in Urban and Rural Hospital Wastewater of Northern India Origin: a Major Reservoir of Antimicrobial Resistance. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0410222. [PMID: 36786639 PMCID: PMC10100738 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04102-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
India is one of the largest consumers and producers of antibiotics and a hot spot for the emergence and proliferation of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Indian hospital wastewater (HWW) accumulates ARGs from source hospitals and often merges with urban wastewater, with the potential for environmental and human contamination. Despite its putative clinical importance, there is a lack of high-resolution resistome profiling of Indian hospital wastewater, with most studies either relying on conventional PCR-biased techniques or being limited to one city. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed antibiotic resistomes of wastewater from six Indian hospitals distributed in rural and urban areas of northern India through shotgun metagenomics. Our study revealed the predominance of ARGs against aminoglycoside, macrolide, carbapenem, trimethoprim, and sulfonamide antibiotics in all the samples through both read-based analysis and assembly-based analysis. We detected the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-5.1 for the first time in Indian hospital sewage. blaNDM-1 was present in 4 out of 6 samples and was carried by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in HWW-2, Klebsiella pneumoniae in HWW-4 and HWW-6, and Acinetobacter baumanii in HWW-5. Most ARGs were plasmid-mediated and hosted by Proteobacteria. We identified virulence factors and transposable elements flanking the ARGs, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transmission of ARGs. IMPORTANCE There is a paucity of research on detailed antibiotic resistome and microbiome diversity of Indian hospital wastewater. This study reports the predominance of clinically concerning ARGs such as the beta-lactamases blaNDM and blaOXA and the colistin resistance gene mcr and their association with the microbiome in six different Indian hospital wastewaters of both urban and rural origin. The abundance of plasmid-mediated ARGs and virulence factors calls for urgent AMR crisis management. The lack of proper wastewater management strategies meeting international standards and open drainage systems further complicates the problem of containing the ARGs at these hospitals. This metagenomic study presents the current AMR profile propagating in hospital settings in India and can be used as a reference for future surveillance and risk management of ARGs in Indian hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Absar Talat
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kevin S. Blake
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gautam Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Asad U. Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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11
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Tiwari A, Kurittu P, Al-Mustapha AI, Heljanko V, Johansson V, Thakali O, Mishra SK, Lehto KM, Lipponen A, Oikarinen S, Pitkänen T, Heikinheimo A. Wastewater surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens: A systematic review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977106. [PMID: 36590429 PMCID: PMC9798455 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacterial (ARB) pathogens are a serious threat to human and animal health. The active surveillance of ARB using an integrated one-health approach can help to reduce the emergence and spread of ARB, reduce the associated economic impact, and guide antimicrobial stewardship programs. Wastewater surveillance (WWS) of ARB provides composite samples for a total population, with easy access to the mixed community microbiome. This concept is emerging rapidly, but the clinical utility, sensitivity, and uniformity of WWS of ARB remain poorly understood especially in relation to clinical evidence in sewershed communities. Here, we systematically searched the literature to identify studies that have compared findings from WWS of ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) with clinical evidence in parallel, thereby evaluating how likely WWS of ARB and ARG can relate to the clinical cases in communities. Initially, 2,235 articles were obtained using the primary search keywords, and 1,219 articles remained after de-duplication. Among these, 35 articles fulfilled the search criteria, and an additional 13 relevant articles were included by searching references in the primary literature. Among the 48 included papers, 34 studies used a culture-based method, followed by 11 metagenomics, and three PCR-based methods. A total of 28 out of 48 included studies were conducted at the single sewershed level, eight studies involved several countries, seven studies were conducted at national or regional scales, and five at hospital levels. Our review revealed that the performance of WWS of ARB pathogens has been evaluated more frequently for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, but has not been uniformly tested for all ARB pathogens. Many wastewater-based ARB studies comparing the findings with clinical evidence were conducted to evaluate the public health risk but not to relate with clinical evidence and to evaluate the performance of WWS of ARB. Indeed, relating WWS of ARB with clinical evidence in a sewershed is not straightforward, as the source of ARB in wastewater cannot be only from symptomatic human individuals but can also be from asymptomatic carriers as well as from animal sources. Further, the varying fates of each bacterial species and ARG within the sewerage make the aim of connecting WWS of ARB with clinical evidence more complicated. Therefore, future studies evaluating the performance of many AMR pathogens and their genes for WWS one by one can make the process simpler and the interpretation of results easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Tiwari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,*Correspondence: Ananda Tiwari,
| | - Paula Kurittu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmad I. Al-Mustapha
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,Department of Veterinary Services, Kwara State Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Viivi Heljanko
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Venla Johansson
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ocean Thakali
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shyam Kumar Mishra
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kirsi-Maarit Lehto
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Annamari Heikinheimo
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Finnish Food Authority, Seinäjoki, Finland
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12
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Ambreetha S, Marimuthu P, Mathee K, Balachandar D. Plant-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains harbour multiple virulence traits critical for human infection. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35947528 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes fatal infections in immunocompromised individuals and patients with pulmonary disorders.Gap Statement. Agricultural ecosystems are the vast reservoirs of this dreaded pathogen. However, there are limited attempts to analyse the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa strains associated with edible plants.Aim. This study aims to (i) elucidate the virulence attributes of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from the rhizosphere and endophytic niches of cucumber, tomato, eggplant and chili;and (ii) compare these phenotypes with that of previously characterized clinical isolates.Methodology. Crystal-violet microtitre assay, swarm plate experiment, gravimetric quantification and sheep blood lysis were performed to estimate the biofilm formation, swarming motility, rhamnolipid production and haemolytic activity, respectively, of P. aeruginosa strains. In addition, their pathogenicity was also assessed based on their ability to antagonize plant pathogens (Xanthomonas oryzae, Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum) and kill a select nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans).Results. Nearly 80 % of the plant-associated strains produced rhamnolipid and exhibited at least one type of lytic activity (haemolysis, proteolysis and lipolysis). Almost 50 % of these strains formed significant levels of biofilm and exhibited swarming motility. The agricultural strains showed significantly higher and lower virulence against the bacterial and fungal pathogens, respectively, compared to the clinical strains. In C. elegans, a maximum of 40 and 100% mortality were induced by the agricultural and clinical strains, respectively.Conclusion. This investigation shows that P. aeruginosa in edible plants isolated directly from the farm express virulence and pathogenicity. Furthermore, clinical and agricultural P. aeruginosa strains antagonized the tested fungal phytopathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, we recommend using these fungi as simple eukaryotic model systems to test P. aeruginosa pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Ambreetha
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ponnusamy Marimuthu
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dananjeyan Balachandar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Denissen J, Reyneke B, Waso-Reyneke M, Havenga B, Barnard T, Khan S, Khan W. Prevalence of ESKAPE pathogens in the environment: Antibiotic resistance status, community-acquired infection and risk to human health. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 244:114006. [PMID: 35841823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens are characterised by increased levels of resistance towards multiple classes of first line and last-resort antibiotics. Although these pathogens are frequently isolated from clinical environments and are implicated in a variety of life-threatening, hospital-associated infections; antibiotic resistant ESKAPE strains have been isolated from environmental reservoirs such as surface water, wastewater, food, and soil. Literature on the persistence and subsequent health risks posed by the ESKAPE isolates in extra-hospital settings is however, limited and the current review aims to elucidate the primary reservoirs of these pathogens in the environment, their antibiotic resistance profiles, and the link to community-acquired infections. Additionally, information on the current state of research regarding health-risk assessments linked to exposure of the ESKAPE pathogens in the natural environment, is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Denissen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Brandon Reyneke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Monique Waso-Reyneke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Havenga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Tobias Barnard
- Water and Health Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 7305, South Africa
| | - Sehaam Khan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Wesaal Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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14
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de Celis M, Belda I, Marquina D, Santos A. Phenotypic and transcriptional study of the antimicrobial activity of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles on a wastewater biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:153915. [PMID: 35219669 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of nanoparticles (NPs) in industrial processes makes their potential release into the environment an issue of concern. Ag and ZnO NPs are among the most frequently used NPs, potentially reaching concentrations of 1-4 and 64 mg/kg, respectively, in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), with unknown effects over microbial populations. Thus, we examined, in depth, the effect of such NPs on a P. aeruginosa strain isolated from a WWTP. We evaluated the growth, ROS production and biofilm formation, in addition to the transcriptomic response in presence of Ag and ZnO NPs at concentrations potentially found in sewage sludge. The transcriptomic and phenotypic patterns of P. aeruginosa in presence of Ag NPs were, in general, similar to the control treatment, with some specific transcriptional impacts affecting processes involved in biofilm formation and iron homeostasis. The biofilms formed under Ag NPs treatment were, on average, thinner and more homogeneous. ZnO NPs also alters the biofilm formation and iron homeostasis in P. aeruginosa, however, the higher and more toxic concentrations utilized caused an increase in cell death and eDNA release. Thus, the biofilm development was characterized by EPS production, via eDNA release. The number of differentially expressed genes in presence of ZnO NPs was higher compared to Ag NPs treatment. Even though the responses of P. aeruginosa to the presence of the studied metallic NPs was at some extent similar, the higher and more toxic concentrations of ZnO NPs produced greater changes concerning cell viability and ROS production, causing disruption in biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M de Celis
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Belda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Marquina
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Santos
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Blazanin M, Lam WT, Vasen E, Chan BK, Turner PE. Decay and damage of therapeutic phage OMKO1 by environmental stressors. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263887. [PMID: 35196336 PMCID: PMC8865689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens are increasingly prevalent, driving the need for alternative approaches to chemical antibiotics when treating infections. One such approach is bacteriophage therapy: the use of bacteria-specific viruses that lyse (kill) their host cells. Just as the effect of environmental conditions (e.g. elevated temperature) on antibiotic efficacy is well-studied, the effect of environmental stressors on the potency of phage therapy candidates demands examination. Therapeutic phage OMKO1 infects and kills the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we used phage OMKO1 as a model to test how environmental stressors can lead to damage and decay of virus particles. We assessed the effects of elevated temperatures, saline concentrations, and urea concentrations. We observed that OMKO1 particles were highly tolerant to different saline concentrations, but decayed more rapidly at elevated temperatures and under high concentrations of urea. Additionally, we found that exposure to elevated temperature reduced the ability of surviving phage particles to suppress the growth of P. aeruginosa, suggesting a temperature-induced damage. Our findings demonstrate that OMKO1 is highly tolerant to a range of conditions that could be experienced inside and outside the human body, while also showing the need for careful characterization of therapeutic phages to ensure that environmental exposure does not compromise their expected potency, dosing, and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Blazanin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Wai Tin Lam
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Emma Vasen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Benjamin K. Chan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Paul E. Turner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Program in Microbiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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16
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Haenni M, Dagot C, Chesneau O, Bibbal D, Labanowski J, Vialette M, Bouchard D, Martin-Laurent F, Calsat L, Nazaret S, Petit F, Pourcher AM, Togola A, Bachelot M, Topp E, Hocquet D. Environmental contamination in a high-income country (France) by antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes: Status and possible causes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107047. [PMID: 34923370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health concern, shared by a large number of human and animal health actors. Within the framework of a One Health approach, actions should be implemented in the environmental realm, as well as the human and animal realms. The Government of France commissioned a report to provide policy and decision makers with an evidential basis for recommending or taking future actions to mitigate AMR in the environment. We first examined the mechanisms that underlie the emergence and persistence of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. This report drew up an inventory of the contamination of aquatic and terrestrial environments by AMR and antibiotics, anticipating that the findings will be representative of some other high-income countries. Effluents of wastewater treatment plants were identified as the major source of contamination on French territory, with spreading of organic waste products as a more diffuse and incidental contamination of aquatic environments. A limitation of this review is the heterogeneity of available data in space and time, as well as the lack of data for certain sources. Comparing the French Measured Environmental Concentrations (MECs) with predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs), fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim were identified as representing high and medium risk of favoring the selection of resistant bacteria in treated wastewater and in the most contaminated rivers. All other antibiotic molecules analyzed (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline) were at low risk of resistance selection in those environments. However, the heterogeneity of the data available impairs their full exploitation. Consequently, we listed indicators to survey AMR and antibiotics in the environment and recommended the harmonization of sampling strategies and endpoints for analyses. Finally, the objectives and methods used for the present work could comprise a useful example for how national authorities of countries sharing common socio-geographic characteristics with France could seek to better understand and define the environmental dimension of AMR in their particular settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety) - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Dagot
- Université of Limoges, RESINFIT, UMR INSERM 1092, CHU, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Olivier Chesneau
- Collection de l'Institut Pasteur (CIP), Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Bibbal
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Labanowski
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7285 IC2MP, ENSI Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Damien Bouchard
- National Agency for Veterinary Medicinal Products, ANSES, Fougères, France
| | | | - Louisiane Calsat
- Risk Assessment Department (DER), ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sylvie Nazaret
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Ecologie Microbienne, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Petit
- UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, Normandie Université Rouen, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, PSL, UMR METIS, Paris F-75005, France
| | | | | | - Morgane Bachelot
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Didier Hocquet
- UMR Chronoenvironnement CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 25030 Besançon, France.
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17
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National surveillance pilot study unveils a multicenter, clonal outbreak of VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST111 in the Netherlands between 2015 and 2017. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21015. [PMID: 34697344 PMCID: PMC8545960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Verona Integron-encoded Metallo-beta-lactamase (VIM) is the most frequently-encountered carbapenemase in the healthcare-related pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the Netherlands, a low-endemic country for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, no national surveillance data on the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa (CPPA) was available. Therefore, in 2016, a national surveillance pilot study was initiated to investigate the occurrence, molecular epidemiology, genetic characterization, and resistomes of CPPA among P. aeruginosa isolates submitted by medical microbiology laboratories (MMLs) throughout the country. From 1221 isolates included in the study, 124 (10%) produced carbapenemase (CIM-positive); of these, the majority (95, 77%) were positive for the blaVIM gene using PCR. Sequencing was performed on 112 CIM-positive and 56 CIM-negative isolates (n = 168), and genetic clustering revealed that 75/168 (45%) isolates were highly similar. This genetic cluster, designated Group 1, comprised isolates that belonged to high-risk sequence type ST111/serotype O12, had similar resistomes, and all but two carried the blaVIM-2 allele on an identical class 1 integron. Additionally, Group 1 isolates originated from around the country (i.e. seven provinces) and from multiple MMLs. In conclusion, the Netherlands had experienced a nationwide, inter-institutional, clonal outbreak of VIM-2-producing P. aeruginosa for at least three years, which this pilot study was crucial in identifying. A structured, national surveillance program is strongly advised to monitor the spread of Group 1 CPPA, to identify emerging clones/carbapenemase genes, and to detect transmission in and especially between hospitals in order to control current and future outbreaks.
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18
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V M Starling MC, Mendonça Neto RPD, Pires GFF, Vilela PB, Amorim CC. Combat of antimicrobial resistance in municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent via solar advanced oxidation processes: Achievements and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147448. [PMID: 33965817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to gather main achievements and limitations associated to the application of solar photocatalytic processes with regard to the removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (MWWTPE). Solar photocatalytic processes were chosen considering the context of developing tropical countries. Among these processes, solar photo-Fenton has been proved effective for the elimination of ARB from MWWTPE at neutral pH in bench and pilot scale and also under continuous flow. Yet, ARG removal varies as according to the gene. Irradiation intensity and matrix composition play a key role on treatment efficiency for this purpose. The use of sulfate radical in modified solar photo-Fenton is still incipient for ARB and ARG removal. Also, investigations related to ARB resistance profile and horizontal gene transfer rates after solar photo-Fenton treatment must be further analyzed. Regarding solar heterogeneous photocatalysis, TiO2 and TiO2-composites applied in suspension are the most commonly investigated for the removal of ARB and ARGs. Irradiation intensity, temperature and catalyst dosage affect treatment efficiency. However, most studies were performed in synthetic solutions using reduced sample volumes. Extended exposition times and addition of H2O2 to the system (solar/TiO2/H2O2) are required to prevent bacteria regrowth and ensure ARG abatement. In addition, enhancement of TiO2 with graphene or (semi)metals improved ARB elimination. Differences concerning irradiation intensity, matrix composition, catalyst dosage, and model ARB and ARGs used in studies analyzed in this review hinder the comparison of photocatalysts synthesized by various research groups. Finally, future research should aim at evaluating the efficiency of solar photocatalytic processes in real matrices originated from sewage treatment systems applied in developing countries; determining indicators of antimicrobial resistance in MWWTPE; and investigating ARB mutation rate as well as the removal of cell-free ARGs present in suspension in MWWTPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara V M Starling
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rondon P de Mendonça Neto
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanna F F Pires
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Beccalli Vilela
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Urbanowicz P, Izdebski R, Baraniak A, Żabicka D, Hryniewicz W, Gniadkowski M. Molecular and genomic epidemiology of VIM/IMP-like metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa genotypes in Poland. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:2273-2284. [PMID: 34179963 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify key factors of the expansion of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MPPA) in Poland, focusing on the role of clonal epidemic(s). METHODS MPPA isolates were typed by PFGE, followed by MLST. blaVIM/IMP MBL genes were amplified and sequenced within class 1 integrons. Their location was assessed by S1 nuclease-hybridization assays. Short-read WGS was performed, and genomes were subjected to SNP-based phylogenetic and resistome analyses. RESULTS Of 1314 MPPA isolates collected in 2005-15 from 212 hospitals, 454 representatives were selected. The isolates belonged to 120 pulsotypes and 52 STs, of which ST235 (∼31%), ST111 (∼17%), ST273 (∼16%) and ST654 (∼9%) prevailed, followed by ST244, ST17, ST395, ST175 and ST1567. The isolates produced seven VIM variants (97.5%) and four IMPs encoded by 46 integrons, most of which were observed only or mainly in Poland. Around 60% of the isolates resulted from (inter)regional clonal outbreaks of 10 individual ST235, ST111, ST273 and ST654 genotypes. The phylogenetic analysis of 163 genomes revealed heterogeneity of ST235 and ST111 populations, arising from transnational circulation and on-site differentiation of several clades/branches. Contrarily, ST273 and ST654 formed relatively homogeneous and apparently Poland-specific lineages, and a unique ST273 genotype with integron In249 was the most expansive organism. CONCLUSIONS Together with a previous report on self-transmissible In461-carrying IncP-2-type plasmids, this study revealed the molecular/genomic background of the rapid MPPA increase in Poland in 2001-15, evidencing multi-clonal spread as its leading factor. Numerous novel/specific MPPA characteristics were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Urbanowicz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Izdebski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Baraniak
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Żabicka
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, The National Reference Centre for Susceptibility Testing, National Medicines Institute, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Hryniewicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, The National Reference Centre for Susceptibility Testing, National Medicines Institute, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Gniadkowski
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Paul G, Meißner A, Neuneier J, Neuschmelting V, Grau S, Yagdiran A, Scheyerer MJ, Malin JJ, Suárez I, Lehmann C, Exner M, Wiesmüller GA, Higgins PG, Seifert H, Fätkenheuer G, Zweigner J, Jung N. Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections after CT-guided spinal injections. J Hosp Infect 2021; 116:1-9. [PMID: 34298033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningitis and spinal infections with Gram-negative bacteria after local injections for treatment of chronic back pain are rare. This study investigated an outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections following computed tomography (CT)-guided spinal injections (SI). METHODS A case was defined as a spinal infection or meningitis with P. aeruginosa after SI between 10th January and 1st March 2019 in the same outpatient clinic. Patients without microbiological evidence of P. aeruginosa but with a favourable response to antimicrobial therapy active against P. aeruginosa were defined as probable cases. FINDINGS Twenty-eight of 297 patients receiving CT-guided SI during the study period developed meningitis or spinal infections. Medical records were available for 19 patients. In 15 patients, there was microbiological evidence of P. aeruginosa, and four patients were defined as probable cases. Two of 19 patients developed meningitis, while the remaining 17 patients developed spinal infections. The median time from SI to hospital admission was 8 days (interquartile range 2-23 days). Patients mainly presented with back pain (N=18; 95%), and rarely developed fever (N=3; 16%). Most patients required surgery (N=16; 84%). Seven patients (37%) relapsed and one patient died. Although the source of infection was not identified microbiologically, documented failures in asepsis when performing SI probably contributed to these infections. CONCLUSIONS SI is generally considered safe, but non-adherence to asepsis can lead to deleterious effects. Spinal infections caused by P. aeruginosa are difficult to treat and have a high relapse rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paul
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pneumology and Infectious Diseases, Katharinenhospital, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - A Meißner
- Department of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Neuneier
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - V Neuschmelting
- Centre for Neurosurgery, Department of General Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Grau
- Centre for Neurosurgery, Department of General Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Yagdiran
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M J Scheyerer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J J Malin
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - I Suárez
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Lehmann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Exner
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
| | - G A Wiesmüller
- Abteilung Infektions- and Umwelthygiene, Gesundheitsamt der Stadt Köln, Germany
| | - P G Higgins
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - H Seifert
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - G Fätkenheuer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Cologne-Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Zweigner
- Department of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Jung
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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21
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Majumder A, Gupta AK, Ghosal PS, Varma M. A review on hospital wastewater treatment: A special emphasis on occurrence and removal of pharmaceutically active compounds, resistant microorganisms, and SARS-CoV-2. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 9:104812. [PMID: 33251108 PMCID: PMC7680650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The hospital wastewater imposes a potent threat to the security of human health concerning its high vulnerability towards the outbreak of several diseases. Furthermore, the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic demanded a global attention towards monitoring viruses and other infectious pathogens in hospital wastewater and their removal. Apart from that, the presence of various recalcitrant organics, pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), etc. imparts a complex pollution load to water resources and ecosystem. In this review, an insight into the occurrence, persistence and removal of drug-resistant microorganisms and infectious viruses as well as other micro-pollutants have been documented. The performance of various pilot/full-scale studies have been evaluated in terms of removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), PhACs, pathogens, etc. It was found that many biological processes, such as membrane bioreactor, activated sludge process, constructed wetlands, etc. provided more than 80% removal of BOD, COD, TSS, etc. However, the removal of several recalcitrant organic pollutants are less responsive to those processes and demands the application of tertiary treatments, such as adsorption, ozone treatment, UV treatment, etc. Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, viruses were found to be persistent even after the treatment of hospital wastewater, and high dose of chlorination or UV treatment was required to inactivate them. This article circumscribes the various emerging technologies, which have been used to treat PhACs and pathogens. The present review also emphasized the global concern of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in hospital wastewater and its removal by the existing treatment facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Ghosal
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Mahesh Varma
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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22
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Martínez-Campos S, González-Pleiter M, Fernández-Piñas F, Rosal R, Leganés F. Early and differential bacterial colonization on microplastics deployed into the effluents of wastewater treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143832. [PMID: 33246729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial colonization of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems is a well-known phenomenon; however, there is insufficient knowledge of the early colonization phase. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents have been proposed as important pathways for MPs entry and transport in aquatic environments and are hotspots of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study aimed at characterizing bacterial communities in the early stage of biofilm formation on seven different types of MPs deployed in two different WWTPs effluents as well as measuring the relative abundance of two ARGs (sulI and tetM) on the tested MPs. Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA showed significant higher diversity of bacteria on MPs in comparison with free-living bacteria in the WWTP effluents. β-diversity analysis showed that the in situ environment (sampling site) and hydrophobicity, to a lesser extent, had a role in the early bacterial colonization phase. An early colonization phase MPs-core microbiome could be identified. Furthermore, specific core microbiomes for each type of polymer suggested that each type might select early attachment of bacteria. Although the tested WWTP effluent waters contained antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs) harboring the sulI and tetM ARGs, MPs concentrated ARBs harboring the sulI gene but not tetM. These results highlight the relevance of the early attachment phase in the development of bacterial biofilms on different types of MP polymers and the role that different types of polymers might have facilitating the attachment of specific bacteria, some of which might carry ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-Campos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Pleiter
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Fernández-Piñas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, E-28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Leganés
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Gray HK, Arora-Williams KK, Young C, Bouwer E, Davis MF, Preheim SP. Contribution of Time, Taxonomy, and Selective Antimicrobials to Antibiotic and Multidrug Resistance in Wastewater Bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15946-15957. [PMID: 33258596 PMCID: PMC8463082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of nontherapeutic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents triclosan (TCS) and benzalkonium chloride (BC) can contribute to bacterial resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria within wastewater may reflect the resistance burden within the human microbiome, as antibiotics and pathogens in wastewater can track with clinically relevant parameters during perturbations to the community. In this study, we monitored culturable and resistant wastewater bacteria and cross-resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics to gauge the impact of each antimicrobial and identify factors influencing cross-resistance profiles. Bacteria resistant to TCS and BC were isolated from wastewater influent over 21 months, and cross-resistance, taxonomy, and monthly changes were characterized under both antimicrobial selection regimes. Cross-resistance profiles from each antimicrobial differed within and between taxa. BC-isolated bacteria had a significantly higher prevalence of resistance to "last-resort antibiotic" colistin, while isolates resistant to TCS exhibited higher rates of multidrug resistance. Prevalence of culturable TCS-resistant bacteria decreased over time following Food and Drug Administration (FDA) TCS bans. Cross-resistance patterns varied according to sampling date, including among the most clinically important antibiotics. Correlations between strain-specific resistance profiles were largely influenced by taxonomy, with some variations associated with sampling date. The results reveal that time, taxonomy, and selection by TCS and BC impact features of cross-resistance patterns among diverse wastewater microorganisms, which could reflect the variety of factors influencing resistance patterns relevant to a community microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Gray
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 313 Ames Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Keith K Arora-Williams
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 313 Ames Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Charles Young
- The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723, United States
| | - Edward Bouwer
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 313 Ames Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Meghan F Davis
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe Street, E7612, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Sarah P Preheim
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 313 Ames Hall, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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24
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Hassoun-Kheir N, Stabholz Y, Kreft JU, de la Cruz R, Romalde JL, Nesme J, Sørensen SJ, Smets BF, Graham D, Paul M. Comparison of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes abundance in hospital and community wastewater: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140804. [PMID: 32758846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) are constantly shed into the aquatic environment, with hospital wastewater potentially acting as an important source for resistance spread into the environment. A systematic review was conducted aiming to investigate the role of hospital wastewater on dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the aquatic environment. Studies included in the review compared the prevalence of ARB and/or ARGs in hospital versus community wastewater. Data were extracted on ARB and/or ARG prevalence. Data on sampling techniques, microbiological methodology and risk of bias of included studies were recorded. Thirty-seven studies were included. Higher frequencies of antibiotic resistance determinants were found in hospital wastewater compared to community sources in 30/37 (81%) of included studies. However, trends for specific multi-drug-resistant bacteria differed. Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative were more prevalent in hospital compared to community wastewaters, with higher concentrations of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing pathogens and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital sources in 9/9 studies and 6/7 studies, respectively. Hospitals did not contribute consistently to the abundance of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE); 5/10 studies found higher abundance of VRE in hospital compared to community wastewaters. Reporting on sampling methods, wastewater treatment processes and statistical analysis were at high risk of bias. Extreme heterogeneity in study methods and outcome reporting precluded meta-analysis. Current evidence concurs that hospital wastewater is an important source for antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments, mainly multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Future research is needed to assess the effect of wastewater treatment processes on overall antibiotic resistance in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Hassoun-Kheir
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa 3109601, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Efron St 1, Haifa 3109601, Israel.
| | - Yoav Stabholz
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Jan-Ulrich Kreft
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection & Centre for Computational Biology & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roberto de la Cruz
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection & Centre for Computational Biology & School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology & Institute CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Joseph Nesme
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Department of Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Graham
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mical Paul
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, HaAliya HaShniya St 8, Haifa 3109601, Israel; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Efron St 1, Haifa 3109601, Israel
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Efflux Pump-Driven Antibiotic and Biocide Cross-Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Ecological Niches: A Case Study in the Development of Multidrug Resistance in Environmental Hotspots. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111647. [PMID: 33114277 PMCID: PMC7690850 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen displaying high intrinsic antimicrobial resistance and the ability to thrive in different ecological environments. In this study, the ability of P. aeruginosa to develop simultaneous resistance to multiple antibiotics and disinfectants in different natural niches were investigated using strains collected from clinical samples, veterinary samples, and wastewater. The correlation between biocide and antimicrobial resistance was determined by employing principal component analysis. Molecular mechanisms linking biocide and antimicrobial resistance were interrogated by determining gene expression using RT-qPCR and identifying a potential genetic determinant for co- and cross-resistance using whole-genome sequencing. A subpopulation of P. aeruginosa isolates belonging to three sequence types was resistant against the common preservative benzalkonium chloride and showed cross-resistance to fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and multidrug resistance. Of these, the epidemiological high-risk ST235 clone was the most abundant. The overexpression of the MexAB-OprM drug efflux pump resulting from amino acid mutations in regulators MexR, NalC, or NalD was the major contributing factor for cross-resistance that could be reversed by an efflux pump inhibitor. This is the first comparison of antibiotic-biocide cross-resistance in samples isolated from different ecological niches and serves as a confirmation of laboratory-based studies on biocide adapted isolates. The isolates from wastewater had a higher incidence of multidrug resistance and biocide-antibiotic cross-resistance than those from clinical and veterinary settings.
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Guajardo-Leiva S, Chnaiderman J, Gaggero A, Díez B. Metagenomic Insights into the Sewage RNA Virosphere of a Large City. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091050. [PMID: 32967111 PMCID: PMC7551614 DOI: 10.3390/v12091050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sewage-associated viruses can cause several human and animal diseases, such as gastroenteritis, hepatitis, and respiratory infections. Therefore, their detection in wastewater can reflect current infections within the source population. To date, no viral study has been performed using the sewage of any large South American city. In this study, we used viral metagenomics to obtain a single sample snapshot of the RNA virosphere in the wastewater from Santiago de Chile, the seventh largest city in the Americas. Despite the overrepresentation of dsRNA viruses, our results show that Santiago’s sewage RNA virosphere was composed mostly of unknown sequences (88%), while known viral sequences were dominated by viruses that infect bacteria (60%), invertebrates (37%) and humans (2.4%). Interestingly, we discovered three novel genogroups within the Picobirnaviridae family that can fill major gaps in this taxa’s evolutionary history. We also demonstrated the dominance of emerging Rotavirus genotypes, such as G8 and G6, that have displaced other classical genotypes, which is consistent with recent clinical reports. This study supports the usefulness of sewage viral metagenomics for public health surveillance. Moreover, it demonstrates the need to monitor the viral component during the wastewater treatment and recycling process, where this virome can constitute a reservoir of human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Guajardo-Leiva
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Jonás Chnaiderman
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Aldo Gaggero
- Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (B.D.)
| | - Beatriz Díez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR)2, Santiago 8370449, Chile
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (B.D.)
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Henriot CP, Martak D, Cuenot Q, Loup C, Masclaux H, Gillet F, Bertrand X, Hocquet D, Bornette G. Occurrence and ecological determinants of the contamination of floodplain wetlands with Klebsiella pneumoniae and pathogenic or antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5522603. [PMID: 31234204 PMCID: PMC6668757 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival and multiplication of human pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in ecosystems is of increasing concern but has been little explored. Wetlands can be contaminated by water fluxes from rivers and may present environmental conditions leading to bacterial survival and multiplication. To test this hypothesis, we sampled 16 wetlands located along three rivers of the Jura Massif, France. The bacterial contamination of the wetland and river waters was measured monthly over a one-year cycle together with the water physico-chemical characteristics. We assessed the abundance of three pathogenic species: Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniaeand Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The concentrations of E. coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL E. coli) or belonging to the phylogenetic group B2 (E. coli B2–more pathogenic) were also measured. We found that rivers carried total E. coli, ESBL E. coli, and K. pneumoniae to wetlands. ESBL E. coli poorly survived in wetlands, whereas total E. coli and K. pneumoniae possibly met favourable physico-chemical conditions for survival and multiplication in these habitats. K. pneumoniae peaked in summer in warm and shallow wetlands. Total E. coli and E. coli B2 potentially reached wetlands through sources other than rivers (hillslope groundwater or leaching from contaminated fields).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Henriot
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Suisse
| | - Daniel Martak
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France.,Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, 3 boulevard A. Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Quentin Cuenot
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Loup
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Hélène Masclaux
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - François Gillet
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Route Cantonale, 1015 Lausanne, Suisse
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France.,Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, 3 boulevard A. Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France.,Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, 3 boulevard A. Fleming, 25030 Besançon, France.,Centre de Ressources Biologiques Filière Microbiologie de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Gudrun Bornette
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
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Exogenous acquisition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care units: a prospective multi-centre study (DYNAPYO study). J Hosp Infect 2020; 104:40-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Moloney EM, Deasy EC, Swan JS, Brennan GI, O'Donnell MJ, Coleman DC. Whole-genome sequencing identifies highly related Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in multiple washbasin U-bends at several locations in one hospital: evidence for trafficking of potential pathogens via wastewater pipes. J Hosp Infect 2019; 104:484-491. [PMID: 31738988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand washbasin U-bends have increasingly been associated with nosocomial outbreaks by Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is virtually ubiquitous in U-bends. Wastewater networks servicing U-bends are potential highways for trafficking pathogenic bacteria. AIM To use P. aeruginosa to investigate trafficking of bacteria between hospital washbasin U-bends. METHODS Twenty-five washbasin U-bends in five locations in Dublin Dental University Hospital (DDUH) were investigated for trafficking of P. aeruginosa: 10 in Clinic 2 (C2), 10 in the Accident & Emergency Department (A&E) and five in three other locations. In addition, washbasin tap samples (N=80) and mains and tap water samples (N=72) were cultured for P. aeruginosa. Selected P. aeruginosa isolates recovered over 29 months underwent whole-genome sequencing, and relatedness was interpreted using whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing and pairwise single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis. FINDINGS P. aeruginosa was recovered from all U-bends but not from taps or water. Eighty-three U-bend isolates yielded 10 sequence types (STs), with ST560 and ST179 from A&E, C2 and two other locations predominating (70%). ST560 was also recovered from a common downstream pipe. Isolates within ST560 and ST179 were highly related regardless of source. ST560 was divided into Cluster I (N=25) and Cluster II (N=2) with average allelic differences and SNPs of three and zero, and two and five, respectively. The 31 ST179 isolates exhibited an average allelic difference and SNPs of three and 12, respectively. CONCLUSION Highly related P. aeruginosa strains were identified in multiple U-bends in several DDUH locations, indicating trafficking via the wastewater network.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Moloney
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E C Deasy
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J S Swan
- Facilities Department, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G I Brennan
- National MRSA Reference Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M J O'Donnell
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D C Coleman
- Microbiology Research Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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Martak D, Valot B, Sauget M, Cholley P, Thouverez M, Bertrand X, Hocquet D. Fourier-Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy Can Quickly Type Gram-Negative Bacilli Responsible for Hospital Outbreaks. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1440. [PMID: 31293559 PMCID: PMC6606786 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The typing of epidemic bacterial pathogens in hospitals relies on DNA-based, expensive, and time-consuming techniques, that are often limited to retrospective studies. However, the quick identification of epidemic pathogens in the routine of the microbiology laboratories would expedite infection control procedures that limit the contamination of new patients. IR Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics GmbH) is a new typing machine based on Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy which generates spectra, aiming at typing the micro-organisms within 3 h. This technique discriminates the isolates by exploring the differences of the surface cell polysaccharides. In this work, we evaluated the ability of the FTIR spectroscopy to recognize Gram-negative bacilli clones responsible for hospital outbreaks. Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 100), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 16), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 23), and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 20) were typed by the reference methods Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (defining sequence types – STs) along with or without pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (defining pulsotypes), and by FTIR spectroscopy. The congruence of FTIR spectroscopy clustering was compared to those of MLST and PFGE by Adjusted Rand index and Adjusted Wallace coefficient. We found that FTIR spectroscopy accurately clustered P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and E. cloacae isolates belonging to the same ST. The performance of the FTIR spectroscopy was slightly lower for A. baumannii. Furthermore, FTIR spectroscopy also correctly clustered P. aeruginosa isolates having a similar pulsotype. Overall, the IR Biotyper can quickly (in less than 3 h) detect the spread of clones of P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, and A. baumannii. The use of this technique by clinical microbiology laboratories may help to tackle the spread of epidemic clones by the quick implementation of infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martak
- Laboratoire d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Benoît Valot
- UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Marlène Sauget
- Laboratoire d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Centre de Ressources Biologiques - Filière Microbiologique de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Pascal Cholley
- Laboratoire d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Michelle Thouverez
- Laboratoire d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- Laboratoire d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- Laboratoire d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France.,UMR 6249, Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Centre de Ressources Biologiques - Filière Microbiologique de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France
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31
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Jeanvoine A, Meunier A, Puja H, Bertrand X, Valot B, Hocquet D. Contamination of a hospital plumbing system by persister cells of a copper-tolerant high-risk clone of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 157:579-586. [PMID: 30999256 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an important opportunistic pathogen that thrives best in the distal elements of plumbing and waste-water systems. Although nosocomial outbreaks of PA have been associated with water sources, the role of the plumbing system of healthcare premises as a reservoir for this pathogen is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected water samples from 12 technical areas, distant from any medical activity, in a teaching hospital in France once a week for 11 weeks. We used a method that resuscitates persister cells because of the nutrient-poor conditions and the presence of inhibitors (e.g. chlorine and copper ions). Briefly, water was sampled in sterile bottles containing 100 μM of the copper-ion chelating agent diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC). A portion of the samples was immediately filtered through 0.45-μm membranes, deposited on R2A agar plates, and incubated seven days at 22 °C (following European recommendations). The remaining water was incubated 14 days at 22 °C and then filtered and cultured on R2A, blood-, or cetrimide-containing agar plates. PA isolates were identified by MS MALDI-TOF, genotyped by PFGE and WGS, and tested for survival in a 150 μg/L copper (II) sulphate solution. RESULTS Although the 12 water sampling points always tested negative with the recommended method, 67% were positive at least once for PA with the adapted method (i.e. with DDTC). The 14 PA persister isolates found throughout the plumbing system were clonal and belong to the high-risk clone ST308. Their genome harbours a 37-kb genomic island (GI-7) containing 13 genes linked to copper resistance. ST308 survived better in the copper solution than comparators that did not harbour GI-7 (P. aeruginosa strains PAO1, PA14, and ST235). The deletion of GI-7 in ST308 abrogated its tolerance to copper. The GI-7 nucleotide sequence shares 98% and 72% identity with sequences from the environmental species Pseudomonas putida and the phytopathogenic species Pseudomonas syringae, respectively. CONCLUSION We report the contamination of the plumbing system of a healthcare premises by persister cells of the high-risk clone P. aeruginosa ST308. New recommendations for the monitoring of water contamination should consider persister cells. The genomic island GI-7, which confers tolerance to copper, probably originates from Pseudomonas species found in copper-contaminated soils and plants. Agricultural practices may have an unexpected consequence, allowing copper-tolerant pathogens to survive in the hospital environment and contaminate fragile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Jeanvoine
- Laboratoire d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; UMR CNRS 6249, Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Meunier
- Laboratoire d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Hélène Puja
- UMR CNRS 6249, Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- Laboratoire d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; UMR CNRS 6249, Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Benoît Valot
- UMR CNRS 6249, Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- Laboratoire d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; UMR CNRS 6249, Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Centre de Ressources Biologiques - Filière Microbiologique de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France.
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Batrich M, Maskeri L, Schubert R, Ho B, Kohout M, Abdeljaber M, Abuhasna A, Kholoki M, Psihogios P, Razzaq T, Sawhney S, Siddiqui S, Xoubi E, Cooper A, Hatzopoulos T, Putonti C. Pseudomonas Diversity Within Urban Freshwaters. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:195. [PMID: 30828321 PMCID: PMC6384249 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater lakes are home to bacterial communities with 1000s of interdependent species. Numerous high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequence surveys have provided insight into the microbial taxa found within these waters. Prior surveys of Lake Michigan waters have identified bacterial species common to freshwater lakes as well as species likely introduced from the urban environment. We cultured bacterial isolates from samples taken from the Chicago nearshore waters of Lake Michigan in an effort to look more closely at the genetic diversity of species found there within. The most abundant genus detected was Pseudomonas, whose presence in freshwaters is often attributed to storm water or runoff. Whole genome sequencing was conducted for 15 Lake Michigan Pseudomonas strains, representative of eight species and three isolates that could not be resolved with named species. These genomes were examined specifically for genes encoding functionality which may be advantageous in their urban environment. Antibiotic resistance, amidst other known virulence factors and defense mechanisms, were identified in the genome annotations and verified in the lab. We also tested the Lake Michigan Pseudomonas strains for siderophore production and resistance to the heavy metals mercury and copper. As the study presented here shows, a variety of pseudomonads have inhabited the urban coastal waters of Lake Michigan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Batrich
- Niehoff School of Nursing, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Laura Maskeri
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ryan Schubert
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brian Ho
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Melanie Kohout
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Malik Abdeljaber
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ahmed Abuhasna
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mutah Kholoki
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Penelope Psihogios
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tahir Razzaq
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Samrita Sawhney
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Salah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eyad Xoubi
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexandria Cooper
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Thomas Hatzopoulos
- Department of Computer Science, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Catherine Putonti
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Computer Science, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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Mombini S, Rezatofighi SE, Kiyani L, Motamedi H. Diversity and metallo-β-lactamase-producing genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from filters of household water treatment systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:413-418. [PMID: 30368151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microbiological quality of drinking water has long been a critical element in public health. Considering the high clinical relevance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we examined the filters of household water treatment systems for its presence and characteristics to determine the systems' efficiency in eliminating the bacteria. In total, filters of 50 household water treatment systems were examined. Microbiological and molecular methods were used for the detection and confirmation of P. aeruginosa isolates. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was performed to detect similarities and differences among P. aeruginosa isolates. Combined disk (CD) method and double disk synergy test (DDST) were performed to detect metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. Finally, PCR was performed to detect MBL genes in MBL-producing strains. From the 50 analyzed systems, 76 colonies of P. aeruginosa were identified. In some systems, isolated bacteria from different filters harbored similar genetic profiles, indicating that these isolates may be able to pass through the filter and reach higher filters of the system. Phenotypic tests revealed 7 (9.2%) MBL-producing strains. Two isolates were positive for blaVIM-1, whereas one isolate was positive for blaNDM and blaIMP-1. The wide distribution of resistant phenotypes and genetic plasticity of these bacteria in household water treatment systems indicate that resistance mechanisms circulate among P. aeruginosa isolates in the environment of the filtration systems. The presence of MBL-producing genes in these systems and P. aeruginosa as a potential reservoir of these resistance genes can be a major concern for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mombini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Laleh Kiyani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Motamedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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A Bundle of Measures to Control an Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Associated With P-Trap Contamination. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 39:164-169. [PMID: 29417923 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2017.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in which the hospital waste-pipe system was the likely source of contamination and to report the bundle of measures that facilitated the long-term control of the outbreak. DESIGN Outbreak investigation. SETTING The hematology unit of a tertiary-care referral center. PATIENTS Patients who were colonized or infected with P. aeruginosa belonging to the clonal outbreak. METHODS Patients admitted to our 15-bed stem-cell transplantation hematology unit were screened for P. aeruginosa carriage. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were also obtained from diagnostic samples. We assessed the microbiological contamination of P-traps, water and toilets for 42 months. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) were screened and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Molecular typing of ESBL- or MBL-producing isolates was carried out using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS From 2009 to 2013, a biclonal outbreak of IMP-19-producing ST235 (11 cases) and IMP-29-producing ST111 (10 cases) of P. aeruginosa occurred. The environmental investigation strongly suggested that P-traps were the reservoirs for the outbreak strains. A bundle of infection control measures, including engineering interventions on water outlets and disinfection of P-traps, controlled the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS We report a prolonged outbreak of IMP-producing high-risk clones of P. aeruginosa, for which P-traps seems to play a major role in cross-transmission. It appears essential to implement proactive measures to limit the bacterial load in water fittings of high-risk units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:164-169.
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Diab M, Hamze M, Bonnet R, Saras E, Madec JY, Haenni M. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in water sources in Lebanon. Vet Microbiol 2018; 217:97-103. [PMID: 29615264 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) have been recurrently reported in both human and veterinary medicine, and carbapenemases have also emerged in these two sectors. Such resistance phenotypes were increasingly reported in the environment, which both receives and further disseminates multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Here, we report the high contamination of water samples (68.2%; 15/22) collected in estuaries in Lebanon. From these 15 contaminated sites, a total of 21 ESBL-producing (mostly harbouring the blaCTX-M-15 gene) and four carbapenemase-producing (two blaOXA-48 and two blaOXA-244) Enterobacteriaceae were recovered. ESBL contamination was also identified in water samples collected from rural wells and spring water, although at a lower frequency. Indeed, 1.9% (3/155) and 6.1% (7/115) of the wells and springs were contaminated, respectively, and all identified isolates were CTX-M-15-producing E. coli. Interestingly, sequence types (STs) previously associated both with animal and human reservoirs were detected (ST38, ST10 and ST131), suggesting a complex source of contamination. This situation is alarming since water drawn from wells or springs is directly intended for human consumption in Lebanon without any further treatment. Moreover, even though water from estuaries is not intended for human consumption, it is used to water animals and irrigate crops. Consequently, water contamination by ESBLs and carbapenemases in Lebanon is potentially a major risk to public health. Part of this work was presented at the 7th Symposium on Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals and the Environment (ARAE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Diab
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon; Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Lyon, France; Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRA USC2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Ecole Doctorale en Sciences et Technologies, Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Inserm U1071, INRA USC2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Saras
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université de Lyon - Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), Lyon, France.
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Limayem A, Micciche A, Nayak B, Mohapatra S. Prokaryotic community profiling of local algae wastewaters using advanced 16S rRNA gene sequencing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:704-711. [PMID: 29063392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Algae biomass-fed wastewaters are a promising source of lipid and bioenergy manufacture, revealing substantial end-product investment returns. However, wastewaters would contain lytic pathogens carrying drug resistance detrimental to algae yield and environmental safety. This study was conducted to simultaneously decipher through high-throughput advanced Illumina 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, the cultivable and uncultivable bacterial community profile found in a single sample that was directly recovered from the local wastewater systems. Samples were collected from two previously documented sources including anaerobically digested (AD) municipal wastewater and swine wastewater with algae namely Chlorella spp. in addition to control samples, swine wastewater, and municipal wastewater without algae. Results indicated the presence of a significant level of Bacteria in all samples with an average of approximately 95.49% followed by Archaea 2.34%, in local wastewaters designed for algae cultivation. Taxonomic genus identification indicated the presence of Calothrix, Pseudomonas, and Clostridium as the most prevalent strains in both local municipal and swine wastewater samples containing algae with an average of 17.37, 12.19, and 7.84%, respectively. Interestingly, swine wastewater without algae displayed the lowest level of Pseudomonas strains < 0.1%. The abundance of some Pseudomonas species in wastewaters containing algae indicates potential coexistence between these strains and algae microenvironment, suggesting further investigations. This finding was particularly relevant for the earlier documented adverse effects of some nosocomial Pseudomonas strains on algae growth and their multidrug resistance potential, requiring the development of targeted bioremediation with regard to the beneficial flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya Limayem
- Department of Graduate Studies and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
- Division of Translational Medicine, Center for Education in Nanobioengineering, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Andrew Micciche
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bina Nayak
- Pinellas County Utilities, Water Quality Division, Largo, FL, USA
| | - Shyam Mohapatra
- Division of Translational Medicine, Center for Education in Nanobioengineering, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, USA
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Golle A, Janezic S, Rupnik M. Low overlap between carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa genotypes isolated from hospitalized patients and wastewater treatment plants. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186736. [PMID: 29049368 PMCID: PMC5648238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The variability of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (CRPA) isolated from urine and respiratory samples in a large microbiological laboratory, serving several health care settings, and from effluents of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) from the same region was assessed by PFGE typing and by resistance to 10 antibiotics. During the 12-month period altogether 213 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were cultured and distributed into 65 pulsotypes and ten resistance profiles. For representatives of all 65 pulsotypes 49 different MLSTs were determined. Variability of clinical and environmental strains was comparable, 130 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa obtained from 109 patients were distributed into 38 pulsotypes, while 83 isolates from WWTPs were classified into 31 pulsotypes. Only 9 pulsotypes were shared between two or more settings (hospital or WWTP). Ten MLST were determined for those prevalent pulsotypes, two of them (ST111 and ST235) are among most successful CRPA types worldwide. Clinical and environmental carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains differed in antibiotic resistance. The highest proportion of clinical isolates was resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam (52.3%) and ceftazidime (42.3%). The highest proportion of environmental isolates was resistant to ceftazidime (37.1%) and ciprofloxacin (35.5%). The majority of isolates was resistant only to imipenem and/or meropenem. Strains with additional resistances were distributed into nine different patterns. All of them included clinically relevant strains, while environmental strains showed only four additional different patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Golle
- National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Janezic
- National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Rupnik
- National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
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Haenni M, Bour M, Châtre P, Madec JY, Plésiat P, Jeannot K. Resistance of Animal Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Carbapenems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1847. [PMID: 29033910 PMCID: PMC5626926 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenems are major antibiotics reserved to human medicine. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance of a selection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa veterinary strains from the French network Resapath. Thirty (5.7%) imipenem and/or meropenem non-susceptible P. aeruginosa of canine (n = 24), feline (n = 5), or bovine (n = 1) origin were identified in a large collection of 527 veterinary strains gathered by the Resapath. These resistant isolates belonged to 25 MultiLocus Sequence Types (MLST), of which 17 (68%) are shared with clinical (human) strains, such as high risk clones ST233 and ST395. Interestingly, none of the veterinary strains produced a carbapenemase, and only six of them (20%) harbored deletions or insertion sequence (IS) disrupting the porin OprD gene. The remaining 24 strains contained mutations or IS in various loci resulting in down-regulation of gene oprD coupled with upregulation of efflux system CzcCBA (n = 3; activation of sensor kinase CzcS ± CopS), MexEF-OprN (n = 4; alteration of oxido reductase MexS), MexXY (n = 8; activation of two-component system ParRS), or MexAB-OprM (n = 12; alteration of regulator MexR, NalC ± NalD). Two efflux pumps were co-produced simultaneously in three mutants. Finally, in 11 out of 12 strains displaying an intact porin OprD, derepression of MexAB-OprM accounted for a decreased susceptibility to meropenem relative to imipenem. Though not treated by carbapenems, animals thus represent a reservoir of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa strains potentially able to contaminate fragile outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES-Université de LyonLyon, France
| | - Maxime Bour
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de BesançonBesançon, France
| | - Pierre Châtre
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES-Université de LyonLyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, ANSES-Université de LyonLyon, France
| | - Patrick Plésiat
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de BesançonBesançon, France
| | - Katy Jeannot
- Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de BesançonBesançon, France
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Pappa O, Beloukas A, Vantarakis A, Mavridou A, Kefala AM, Galanis A. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Recovered from Greek Aquatic Habitats Implementing the Double-Locus Sequence Typing Scheme. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:78-88. [PMID: 28032128 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The recently described double-locus sequence typing (DLST) scheme implemented to deeply characterize the genetic profiles of 52 resistant environmental Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates deriving from aquatic habitats of Greece. DLST scheme was able not only to assign an already known allelic profile to the majority of the isolates but also to recognize two new ones (ms217-190, ms217-191) with high discriminatory power. A third locus (oprD) was also used for the molecular typing, which has been found to be fundamental for the phylogenetic analysis of environmental isolates given the resulted increased discrimination between the isolates. Additionally, the circulation of acquired resistant mechanisms in the aquatic habitats according to their genetic profiles was proved to be more extent. Hereby, we suggest that the combination of the DLST to oprD typing can discriminate phenotypically and genetically related environmental P. aeruginosa isolates providing reliable phylogenetic analysis at a local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pappa
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Hellenic Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Apostolos Beloukas
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Apostolos Vantarakis
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athena Mavridou
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia-Maria Kefala
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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Petitjean M, Martak D, Silvant A, Bertrand X, Valot B, Hocquet D. Genomic characterization of a local epidemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals specific features of the widespread clone ST395. Microb Genom 2017; 3:e000129. [PMID: 29177088 PMCID: PMC5695207 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen with several clones being frequently associated with outbreaks in hospital settings. ST395 is among these so-called ‘international’ clones. We aimed here to define the biological features that could have helped the implantation and spread of the clone ST395 in hospital settings. The complete genome of a multidrug resistant index isolate (DHS01) of a large hospital outbreak was analysed. We identified DHS01-specific genetic elements, among which were identified those shared with a panel of six independent ST395 isolates responsible for outbreaks in other hospitals. DHS01 has the fifth largest chromosome of the species (7.1 Mbp), with most of its 1555 accessory genes borne by either genomic islands (GIs, n=48) or integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs, n=5). DHS01 is multidrug resistant mostly due to chromosomal mutations. It displayed signatures of adaptation to chronic infection in part due to the loss of a 131 kbp chromosomal fragment. Four GIs were specific to the clone ST395 and contained genes involved in metabolism (GI-4), in virulence (GI-6) and in resistance to copper (GI-7). GI-7 harboured an array of six copper transporters and was shared with non-pathogenic Pseudomonas sp. retrieved from copper-contaminated environments. Copper resistance was confirmed phenotypically in all other ST395 isolates and possibly accounted for the spreading capability of the clone in hospital outbreaks, where water networks have been incriminated. This suggests that genes transferred from copper-polluted environments may have favoured the implantation and spread of the international clone P. aeruginosa ST395 in hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Petitjean
- 1Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France.,2UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Daniel Martak
- 1Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France.,2UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Alicia Silvant
- 1Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- 1Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France.,2UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Benoit Valot
- 2UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- 2UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,3Centre de Ressources Biologiques - Filière Microbiologique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, 3 Boulevard Fleming, Besançon, France.,1Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
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Varin A, Valot B, Cholley P, Morel C, Thouverez M, Hocquet D, Bertrand X. High prevalence and moderate diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the U-bends of high-risk units in hospital. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:880-885. [PMID: 28456381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The presence of P. aeruginosa in water supply is clearly identified as a risk factor for P. aeruginosa infection in critical care units, even if routes of transmission are often unclear and remain a matter of debate. We determined here the frequency of U-bends contaminated with P. aeruginosa in high-risk units and described the population structure of this opportunistic pathogen in a non-outbreak situation. Eighty-seven U-bends from sinks of rooms in five wards were sampled 3 times and P. aeruginosa was detected in 121 of the 261 (46.4%) U-bend samples. We genotyped 123 P. aeruginosa isolates with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing and found 41 pulsotypes distributed in 21 Sequence Types (STs). Seven major ST (ST111, CC235, CC253, ST520, ST539, ST1216, and ST1725) were overrepresented in the collection, including the high-risk clones ST111, CC253, and CC235. The distribution of the 21 STs in the cladogram of the species was uneven with most major STs clustering into 2 clades. The major STs were found in different units and buildings and could be represented by a high diversity of pulsotypes. Altogether, this suggests a long term presence of P. aeruginosa in the hospital water network, possibly contaminated by the distribution water or by plumbing fittings before putting into service. Analysis of resistance rates showed that the deficiency of porin OprD was very frequent in U-bends isolates that may benefit from this resistance mechanism in hospital water fittings. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that U-bends of high-risk units are very frequently contaminated with P. aeruginosa with a moderate genomic diversity and with an over-representation of adapted clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Varin
- Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Benoît Valot
- UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Pascal Cholley
- Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Camille Morel
- Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Michelle Thouverez
- Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Didier Hocquet
- Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Centre de Ressources Biologiques - Filière Microbiologique de Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Xavier Bertrand
- Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; UMR 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
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Petrovich M, Wu CY, Rosenthal A, Chen KF, Packman AI, Wells GF. Nitrosomonas europaea biofilm formation is enhanced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3106320. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Oliveira LG, Ferreira LGR, Nascimento AMA, Reis MDP, Dias MF, Lima WG, Paiva MC. Antibiotic resistance profile and occurrence of AmpC between Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a domestic full-scale WWTP in southeast Brazil. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 2017:108-114. [PMID: 29698226 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance determinants. Although many studies have been conducted to evaluate resistance profiles in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from this setting, the dynamics of this phenomenon are poorly known to the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we aimed to evaluate the resistance profiles and the production of AmpC β-lactamase in P. aeruginosa isolates from a domestic full-scale WWTP. Samples of the raw sewage and effluent were collected and the bacterium P. aeruginosa was isolated on cetrimide agar. Susceptibility to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides was evaluated by the disc diffusion method, and the presence of AmpC β-lactamase was investigated phenotypically and by molecular method. We recovered 27 isolates of P. aeruginosa. Of these, 81.5% were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. However, a considerable rate of resistance to carbapenems (11%) was found among the isolates. Twenty-two isolates were positive in the phenotypic test for inducible AmpC β-lactamase but the blaampc gene was only identified in four isolates, suggesting the presence of other independent resistance mechanisms besides this β-lactamase. In summary, we have shown that P. aeruginosa isolates from a domestic WWTP represents a potential reservoir of blaampC genes and other resistance determinants, including those that result in low susceptibility to carbapenems and aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Gerçossimo Oliveira
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Laboratorial e Microbiologia Clínica, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Letícia Gonçalves Resende Ferreira
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Laboratorial e Microbiologia Clínica, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Andrea Maria Amaral Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Paula Reis
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcela França Dias
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - William Gustavo Lima
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Médica, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Magna Cristina Paiva
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Laboratorial e Microbiologia Clínica, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil E-mail:
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Pfennigwerth N, Lange F, Belmar Campos C, Hentschke M, Gatermann SG, Kaase M. Genetic and biochemical characterization of HMB-1, a novel subclass B1 metallo-β-lactamase found in aPseudomonas aeruginosaclinical isolate. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1068-1073. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rascovan N, Telke A, Raoult D, Rolain JM, Desnues C. Exploring divergent antibiotic resistance genes in ancient metagenomes and discovery of a novel beta-lactamase family. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:886-895. [PMID: 27518706 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a major problem for human health. We analyzed metagenomic datasets from ancient and remote samples from diverse environmental sources and observed the presence of all the eleven antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) groups evaluated. Since ancient samples are not subjected to modern effects of antibiotic misuse, they represent a clean model to explore the natural diversity of ARG in the environment. Most sequences showed high divergence compared with known ARG, representing a much larger universe than the currently known and characterized ARGs. We explored whether proteins within the "divergent resistome" may correspond to functional ARG by characterizing a beta-lactamase hit with very low similarity to any known sequence (<45% to best BLAST hit in NCBI). By starting from purely in-silico data, we revived a new family of class B beta-lactamases from ancient medieval samples, which exhibited a very high penicillinase activity. In this work, we explored ancient resistomes and added novel support to previous works showing that the universe of ARG is naturally vast and diverse in microbial communities. Our results bring a new perspective to the exploration of environmental ARG and indicate that this gigantic reservoir represents a natural endless source of emerging resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Rascovan
- Aix Marseille University, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Amar Telke
- Aix Marseille University, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille University, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
- Fédération de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille University, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
- Fédération de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Christelle Desnues
- Aix Marseille University, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Marseille, France
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Teixeira P, Tacão M, Alves A, Henriques I. Antibiotic and metal resistance in a ST395 Pseudomonas aeruginosa environmental isolate: A genomics approach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:75-81. [PMID: 27371958 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the resistome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa E67, an epiphytic isolate from a metal-contaminated estuary. The aim was to identify genetic determinants of resistance to antibiotics and metals, assessing possible co-selection mechanisms. Identification was based on phylogenetic analysis and average nucleotide identity value calculation. MLST affiliated E67 to ST395, previously described as a high-risk clone. Genome analysis allowed identifying genes probably involved in resistance to antibiotics (e.g. beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol) and metals (e.g. mercury and copper), consistent with resistance phenotypes. Several genes associated with efflux systems, as well as genetic determinants contributing to gene motility, were identified. Pseudomonas aeruginosa E67 possesses an arsenal of resistance determinants, probably contributing to adaptation to a polluted ecosystem. Association to mobile structures highlights the role of these platforms in multi-drug resistance. Physical links between metal and antibiotic resistance genes were not identified, suggesting a predominance of cross-resistance associated with multidrug efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Teixeira
- Biology Department, CESAM & IBIMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta Tacão
- Biology Department, CESAM & IBIMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur Alves
- Biology Department, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Henriques
- Biology Department, CESAM & IBIMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Turano H, Gomes F, Medeiros M, Oliveira S, Fontes LC, Sato MIZ, Lincopan N. Presence of high-risk clones of OXA-23-producing Acinetobacter baumannii (ST79) and SPM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ST277) in environmental water samples in Brazil. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:80-2. [PMID: 27342783 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the presence of hospital-associated high-risk lineages of OXA-23-producing ST79 Acinetobacter baumannii and SPM-1-producing ST277 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in urban rivers in Brazil. These findings indicate that urban rivers can act as reservoirs of clinically important multidrug-resistant bacteria, which constitute a potential risk to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Turano
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Micheli Medeiros
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvane Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia C Fontes
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria I Z Sato
- Environmental Company of São Paulo State (CETESB), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Streeter K, Neuman C, Thompson J, Hatje E, Katouli M. The characteristics of genetically related Pseudomonas aeruginosa from diverse sources and their interaction with human cell lines. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:233-40. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a collection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from hospitalised patients (n = 20) and various environmental sources (n = 214) for their genetic relatedness; virulence properties; antibiotic resistance; and interaction with intestinal (Caco-2), renal (A-498), and lung (Calu-3) cell lines. Using RAPD–PCR, we found high diversity among the strains irrespective of their sources, with only 6 common (C) types containing strains from both a clinical and environmental source. Environmental strains belonging to these C-types showed greater adhesion to A-498 cells than did clinical strains (17 ± 13 bacteria/cell versus 13 ± 11 bacteria/cell; p < 0.001), whereas clinical strains showed significantly greater adhesion to Calu-3 and Caco-2 cells than did environmental strains (p < 0.001 for both). The virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of the strains were similar; however, the prevalence of environmental strains carrying both exoS and exoU was significantly (p < 0.0368) higher than clinical strains. While all strains were resistant to ticarcillin and ticarcillin–clavulanic acid, resistance against aztreonam, gentamicin, amikacin, piperacillin, and ceftazidime varied among environmental and clinical strains. These results suggest that environmental strains of P. aeruginosa carry virulence properties similar to clinical strains, including adhesion to various human cell lines, with some strains showing a higher adhesion to specific cell lines, indicating they may have a better ability to cause infection in those sites under predisposing conditions of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klrissa Streeter
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christina Neuman
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jasmin Thompson
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eva Hatje
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mohammad Katouli
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
- Genecology Research Centre, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, 4558, Queensland, Australia
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Olga P, Apostolos V, Alexis G, George V, Athena M. Antibiotic resistance profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various Greek aquatic environments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw042. [PMID: 26917780 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates are continuously discharged into natural water basins mainly through sewage. However, the environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance factors are poorly understood. In this study, the antibiotic resistance patterns of 245 isolates from various aquatic sites in Greece were analysed. Twenty-three isolates with resistance patterns cefotaxime-aztreonam-ceftazidime, cefotaxime-aztreonam-meropenem, cefotaxime-ceftazidime-meropenem, cefotaxime-ceftazidime-aztreonam-meropenem and cefotaxime-ceftazidime-cefepime-aztreonam-meropenem were screened phenotypically for the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), while 77 isolates with various resistant phenotypes were screened for the presence of class 1 and class 2 integrase genes. The aztreonam-resistant isolates and ESBL producers were the main resistant phenotypes in all habitats tested. In 13/77 isolates class 1 integron was detected, while all tested isolates were negative for the presence of the class 2 integrase gene. CTX-M group 9 β-lactamase was present in a small number of isolates (three isolates) highlighting the emergence of ESBL genes in aquatic environments. As a conclusion, it seems that Greek water bodies could serve as a potential reservoir of resistant P. aeruginosa isolates posing threats to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pappa Olga
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece Department of Medical Laboratories Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vantarakis Apostolos
- Environmental Microbiology Unit, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Galanis Alexis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Mavridou Athena
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Athens, Greece
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50
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Hocquet D, Muller A, Bertrand X. What happens in hospitals does not stay in hospitals: antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospital wastewater systems. J Hosp Infect 2016; 93:395-402. [PMID: 26944903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hospitals are hotspots for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and play a major role in both their emergence and spread. Large numbers of these ARB will be ejected from hospitals via wastewater systems. In this review, we present quantitative and qualitative data of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in hospital wastewaters compared to community wastewaters. We also discuss the fate of these ARB in wastewater treatment plants and in the downstream environment. Published studies have shown that hospital effluents contain ARB, the burden of these bacteria being dependent on their local prevalence. The large amounts of antimicrobials rejected in wastewater exert a continuous selective pressure. Only a few countries recommend the primary treatment of hospital effluents before their discharge into the main wastewater flow for treatment in municipal wastewater treatment plants. Despite the lack of conclusive data, some studies suggest that treatment could favour the ARB, notably ESBL-producing E. coli. Moreover, treatment plants are described as hotspots for the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between bacterial species. Consequently, large amounts of ARB are released in the environment, but it is unclear whether this release contributes to the global epidemiology of these pathogens. It is reasonable, nevertheless, to postulate that it plays a role in the worldwide progression of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial resistance should now be seen as an 'environmental pollutant', and new wastewater treatment processes must be assessed for their capability in eliminating ARB, especially from hospital effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hocquet
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
| | - A Muller
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - X Bertrand
- Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon, France; Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR CNRS 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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