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Hosseini-Moghaddam S, Marrie RA, Wolfson C, Carruthers R, Freedman MS, Morrow S, Lee L, Nisenbaum R, Konig A, Magalhaes S, Rotstein DL. A Canadian case control study investigating demographic and environmental factors associated with MOGAD. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 79:105023. [PMID: 37804766 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about demographic and environmental factors associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). OBJECTIVE To investigate factors associated with MOGAD using a case-control design and validated questionnaire from the Environmental Risk Factors in Multiple Sclerosis Study (EnvIMS). METHODS We enrolled patients with positive MOG antibody serology and diagnosis of MOGAD at six Canadian centres. MOGAD participants completed the EnvIMS questionnaire, and were compared to unaffected controls from the Canadian arm of EnvIMS. We calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression models and Firth's procedure for rare events. RESULTS We enrolled 39 MOGAD participants with mean (SD) age 45.0 (14.4) years, 28 (71.8 %) women, 25 (64.1 %) White, 26 (66.7 %) residents of Ontario, and mean BMI 28.6 (7.1). They were compared to 956 controls. Using multivariable logistic regression, larger body size at age 10 years (OR: 3.57, 95 % CI:1.23 - 10.33) and non-White ethnicity (OR:3.81, 95 % CI:1.93-7.54) were associated with higher odds of MOGAD. Among Ontario residents, current BMI ≥30 was associated with higher odds of MOGAD (OR:2.79, 95 % CI:1.03-7.53). CONCLUSION Our findings are hypothesis-generating due to the sample size, but suggest that obesity and ethnicity should be explored as potential risk factors for MOGAD in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christina Wolfson
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Carruthers
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark S Freedman
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Morrow
- Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liesly Lee
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, 3rd floor, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Rosane Nisenbaum
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, 3rd floor, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada; Applied Health Research Centre, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, A Site of Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Konig
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, 30 Bond St., Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Sandra Magalhaes
- Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Dalia L Rotstein
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, 30 Bond St., Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, 3rd floor, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada.
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Bazdar S, Sharifi MH, Puostchi H, Gandomkar A, Malekzadeh R, Malekzadeh F, Molavi Vardanjani H. Validity of Body Image Pictogram to Determine Overweight/Obesity in Adults from Less Developed Populations: Results From Pars Cohort Study. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2022; 25:779-787. [PMID: 37543905 PMCID: PMC10685844 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the evidence for validity of body image pictogram (BIP) to discriminate overweight, obese, and normal individuals, there is little evidence on the probable effect of socio-demographic variables on its validity. To investigate the effects of socioeconomic status (SES), age, ethnicity, and educational level on the validity of BIP to discriminate normal weight, overweight, and obese people. METHODS We used the Pars Cohort Study (PCS) data. Stunkard's BIP score was used as test measure. Participants were classified as normal (body mass index [BMI]<25), overweight (BMI=25 to 29.9), and obese (BMI≥29.9) based on their BMI (kg/m2 ). Area under curve (AUC) and its 95% CI were estimated and compared. Optimal cutoff points and their sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio were reported. RESULTS A total of 9232 participants with a female/male ratio of 1.03 were included. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 37.4% and 18.2%, respectively. Regardless of socio-demographic levels, the optimal cut-points to discriminate normal BMI from overweight, and overweight from obese participants were BIP score of four and five, respectively. Estimated AUC correlated with ethnicity (P<0.001) for both genders, and with SES for females (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Although BIP may be a valid measure to categorize the general adult population into normal, overweight and obese, its validity depends on SES and ethnicity. BIP may be available as a proxy measure for BMI categories in socio-demographically homogeneous populations but not in heterogeneous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Bazdar
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sharifi
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Puostchi
- Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Gandomkar
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Molavi Vardanjani
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Gualdi-Russo E, Rinaldo N, Zaccagni L. Physical Activity and Body Image Perception in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013190. [PMID: 36293770 PMCID: PMC9603811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents, increasing self-esteem and producing a more positive body image. A systematic review of published articles over the past 10 years until June 2022 was conducted according to the PRISMA statement employing the electronic databases MEDLINE and Web of Science (639 records) to summarize the literature on the relationship between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and assessed by figural scales and practice of structured and unstructured PA in adolescents (10-18 years), taking into account BMI and/or weight status. All articles were independently reviewed using inclusion/exclusion criteria, retrieved data, and assessed quality with the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The main finding of interest that emerged from most of the 28 included studies is the negative association between BID and PA during adolescence: as PA increases, BID decreases. However, this updated systematic review also identified some flaws in the existing literature, highlighting the need for high-quality adolescent research using validated figural scales and objective PA assessments. In conclusion, the reviewed studies showed that PA involvement can be efficacious in protecting from body image perception concerns and enhancing body satisfaction. Future interventions should promote structured and unstructured PA during adolescence to improve self-esteem and body image.
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Kamalipour A, Roshanshad A, Nalini M, Hassanzadeh J, Malekzadeh R, Malekzadeh F, Poustchi H, Gandomkar A, Salehi A, Molavi Vardanjani H. Pictogram Is a Valid Instrument to Classify At-Risk Adult Population Based on Abdominal Obesity: Results from Pars Cohort Study. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2022; 25:366-374. [PMID: 35943016 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and death events. Thus, obtaining data on the status of abdominal obesity is important in risk factor assessment and prevention of non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of using pictograms to classify abdominal obesity indices (waist circumference [WC], waist-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-height ratio [WHtR]) into normal and at-risk categories and determine the effects of demographic characteristics on this validity. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from Pars Cohort Study (PCS). Participants chose the most similar pictogram scores to their body size at 15, 30 years, and current age. Optimal normal/at-risk cut-off values for pictograms were calculated using sensitivity/specificity plots. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the validity of pictograms. Validity measures were analyzed across different subgroups of demographic characteristics. RESULTS A total of 9263 participants (46% males) were included in the study. The estimated area under the curves were 84% for WC, 77% for WHR, and 89% for WHtR in males, and 84% for WC, 73% for WHR, and 90% for WHtR in females. Optimal pictogram cutoffs to classify central obesity for WC, WHR, and WHtR were 4, 4, and 5 in males and 4, 4, and 6 in females, respectively. The majority of demographic characteristics were not associated with the validity of pictograms. CONCLUSION Using pictograms to determine normal and at-risk categories of abdominal obesity indices is valid among adult population with a wide range of demographic characteristics. However, the results need to be interpreted with caution in those with a positive history of weight fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kamalipour
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Amirhossein Roshanshad
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Nalini
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver, Pancreatic, and Biliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Gandomkar
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Salehi
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Molavi Vardanjani
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- MPH Department, School of Medicine, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Gruszka W, Owczarek AJ, Glinianowicz M, Bąk-Sosnowska M, Chudek J, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. Perception of body size and body dissatisfaction in adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1159. [PMID: 35087089 PMCID: PMC8795272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-perception of body size seems to be not always in line with clinical definitions of normal weight, overweight and obesity according to Word Health Organization classification. The effect of self-perception of body size disturbances and body dissatisfaction may be the development of eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa or binge eating disorder-a major risk factor of obesity development. Therefore, the study aimed to assess separately the perception of weight status and body size as well as body dissatisfaction in adults with normal weight, overweight and obesity. The study included 744 adults (452 women; 35.9 ± 12.4 years; 21 underweight, 326 normal weight, 221 overweight, 176 obese) referred to Metabolic Management Center and volunteers. Body size perception and body dissatisfaction were assessed based on Stunkards' Figure Rating Scale (FRS). Additionally, participants' were asked: 'Do you think you are: underweight/normal weight/overweight/obese?' to assess perception of weight status. Participants' weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) after completing the FRS. Individuals within the overweight BMI range have rated themselves as underweight (1.4%), normal weight (30.8%) and obese (2.8%). Also individuals within the obesity BMI range have rated themselves as normal weight (2.6%), and overweight (41.6%). Compatibility of self-assessment of weight status with BMI category according to the measured values was moderate-Kappa coefficient was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.54-0.64). Underestimation of weight status was significantly more common among men than women. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of body dissatisfaction according to the weight in both women and men. Normal-weight subjects less often than overweight and obese were dissatisfied with their own body size. The degree of body dissatisfaction was greater among women than among men. Adults subjects frequently underestimate their own weight status and body size. Women with overweight and obesity more often than men are dissatisfied with their own body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Gruszka
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków Street 18 20, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Aleksander J Owczarek
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Glinianowicz
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Bąk-Sosnowska
- Department of Psychology, Chair of Social Sciences and Humanities, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Chudek
- Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków Street 18 20, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Jayawardena R, Sooriyaarachchi P, Kagawa M, Hills AP, King NA. Methods to develop figure rating scales (FRS): A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:687-693. [PMID: 33813243 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Figure Rating Scales (FRS) are psychometric instruments developed to measure individual's perception of physical appearance and subsequently, to determine the level of body dissatisfaction. The following systematic review summarizes existing FRSs and the techniques used to development them. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the following databases; PubMed®, Web of Science®, Scopus® using key words "figure rating scale" AND "Stunkard". RESULTS From 466 potentially relevant articles, 24 publications were included, 22 publications reporting original FRSs with the other two scales being modifications of the original for children and babies. Fifteen were figural drawings or silhouettes and nine were developed by photographic techniques, video methods or using computer software. Most of the figural scales were applicable for adults and consisted of nine images. Ten of the 15 figural scales were without facial features and four scales had minimal facial features. Technological advancements including 3D modeling have played a pivotal role in the development of FRSs. CONCLUSIONS FRSs have been developed by a mix of traditional and modern techniques. The development and validation of ethnic specific FRSs using modern technology should be the priority for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Piumika Sooriyaarachchi
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - Masaharu Kagawa
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0288, Japan
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Newnham TAS, 7248, Australia
| | - Neil A King
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Vallières E, Mésidor M, Roy-Gagnon MH, Richard H, Parent MÉ. General and abdominal obesity trajectories across adulthood, and risk of prostate cancer: results from the PROtEuS study, Montreal, Canada. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:653-665. [PMID: 33818663 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Greater body fatness is a probable cause of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Body fat distribution and timing of exposure may be relevant. We investigated associations between body size trajectories and PCa incidence in a population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada. METHODS Cases (n = 1,931), aged ≤ 75 years, were diagnosed with PCa in 2005-2009; 1,994 controls were selected from the electoral list. Interviews were conducted to assess body mass index (BMI) and Stunkard's silhouette at ages 20, 40, 50, 60 years, and before interview. Current waist and hip circumferences were measured, and a predictive model estimated waist circumference in the past. BMI and waist circumference trajectories were determined to identify subgroups. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between anthropometric indicators and PCa. RESULTS Subjects with a current BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 had a lower risk of overall PCa (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.59-0.85). Associations with adult BMI followed similar trends for less and more aggressive tumors, with stronger inverse relationships in early adulthood. Contrastingly, current waist circumference ≥ 102 cm was associated with elevated risk of high-grade PCa (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.03-1.71). Men with increasing BMI or waist circumference adult trajectories had a lower risk of PCa, especially low-grade, than those in the normal-stable range. This was especially evident among men in the obese-increase group for BMI and waist circumference. CONCLUSION Abdominal obesity increased the risk of aggressive PCa. The inverse relationship between body size trajectories and PCa may reflect PSA hemodilution, lower detection, and/or a true etiological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vallières
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Miceline Mésidor
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada.,University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Pavillon R, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Roy-Gagnon
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Hugues Richard
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Marie-Élise Parent
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Quebec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada. .,School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada. .,University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, 900 Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Pavillon R, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.
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Cohen E, Ndao A, Bernard JY, Gueye A, Duboz P, Macia E, Boëtsch G, Pasquet P, Holdsworth M, Gradidge PJL. Development and validation of the body shape scale (BOSHAS) for assessing body shape perception in African populations. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1562. [PMID: 33066748 PMCID: PMC7566052 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a consequence of ‘Western’ acculturation, eating disorders and body image disturbances, such as fatness phobia and body dysmorphic disorders towards musculature and body shape, are emerging in Africa, with young people the most affected. It is therefore important to accurately assess perceptions of body shape. However, the existing body image assessment scales lack sufficient accuracy and validity testing to compare body shape perception across different African populations. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Body Shape Scale (BOSHAS) to evaluate body shape perceptions related body image disorders in African populations. Methods To develop the BOSHAS, anthropometric measures of 80 Cameroonians and 81 Senegalese (both sexes included; 40.1% females overall) were taken for three body shape criteria: somatotype components, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio. Subjects were selected to cover a wide variability in body shape and were photographed in full face and profile positions. To validate the BOSHAS, the scale was administered twice (2 weeks apart) to 106 participants (aged 31.2 ± 12.6 years) to assess its reliability. In addition, a questionnaire measuring different aspects of body shape (e.g. musculature) was also administered (n = 597; aged 36.7 ± 15.6 years) to assess its convergent validity. Results The BOSHAS includes two sex-specific subscales of 10 photographs each. Most participants were able to repeat their BOSHAS preference order. Test-retest reliability was also consistent in estimating Current Body Shape (CBS), Desired Body Shape and Ideal Body Shape for participants and their partners. CBS was correlated with BMI, and different BOSHAS indices were consistent with declarations obtained by questionnaire. Conclusions The BOSHAS is the first sex-specific scale of real African models photographed in face and profile, including large body shape variability. The validation protocol showed good validity and reliability for evaluating body shape perceptions and dissatisfaction of Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cohen
- CNRS, UMR 7206 « Eco-anthropologie », Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR 7178 « Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CURIEN », Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. .,MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Amadou Ndao
- CNRS, UMR 8177, IIAC-LAIOS, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris, France.,Raum IG 551, Université de Francfort sur le Main, Institut Ethnologie, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Inserm, UMR 1153, Centre of research Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Early Determinants of Children's Health and Development (ORCHAD) team, Villejuif, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Amadoune Gueye
- CNRS, UMI 3189 « Environnement, Santé, Société », Faculté de Médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Priscilla Duboz
- CNRS, UMI 3189 « Environnement, Santé, Société », Faculté de Médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Enguerran Macia
- CNRS, UMI 3189 « Environnement, Santé, Société », Faculté de Médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Gilles Boëtsch
- CNRS, UMI 3189 « Environnement, Santé, Société », Faculté de Médecine, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Patrick Pasquet
- CNRS, UMR 7206 « Eco-anthropologie », Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Jean-Luc Gradidge
- Centre for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Aladwani M, Lophatananon A, Robinson F, Rahman A, Ollier W, Kote-Jarai Z, Dearnaley D, Koveela G, Hussain N, Rageevakumar R, Keating D, Osborne A, Dadaev T, Brook M, Eeles R, Muir KR. Relationship of self-reported body size and shape with risk for prostate cancer: A UK case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238928. [PMID: 32941451 PMCID: PMC7498010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous evidence has suggested a relationship between male self-reported body size and the risk of developing prostate cancer. In this UK-wide case-control study, we have explored the possible association of prostate cancer risk with male self-reported body size. We also investigated body shape as a surrogate marker for fat deposition around the body. As obesity and excessive adiposity have been linked with increased risk for developing a number of different cancers, further investigation of self-reported body size and shape and their potential relationship with prostate cancer was considered to be appropriate. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to investigate whether underlying associations exist between prostate cancer risk and male self-reported body size and shape. METHODS Data were collected from a large case-control study of men (1928 cases and 2043 controls) using self-administered questionnaires. Data from self-reported pictograms of perceived body size relating to three decades of life (20's, 30's and 40's) were recorded and analysed, including the pattern of change. The associations of self-identified body shape with prostate cancer risk were also explored. RESULTS Self-reported body size for men in their 20's, 30's and 40's did not appear to be associated with prostate cancer risk. More than half of the subjects reported an increase in self-reported body size throughout these three decades of life. Furthermore, no association was observed between self-reported body size changes and prostate cancer risk. Using 'symmetrical' body shape as a reference group, subjects with an 'apple' shape showed a significant 27% reduction in risk (Odds ratio = 0.73, 95% C.I. 0.57-0.92). CONCLUSIONS Change in self-reported body size throughout early to mid-adulthood in males is not a significant risk factor for the development of prostate cancer. Body shape indicative of body fat distribution suggested that an 'apple' body shape was protective and inversely associated with prostate cancer risk when compared with 'symmetrical' shape. Further studies which investigate prostate cancer risk and possible relationships with genetic factors known to influence body shape may shed further light on any underlying associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aladwani
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fredie Robinson
- School of Medicine, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Aneela Rahman
- Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Bakrani, Pakistan
| | - William Ollier
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Nafisa Hussain
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Diana Keating
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Osborne
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tokhir Dadaev
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Brook
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalind Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R. Muir
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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10
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Ralph-Nearman C, Filik R. Development and validation of new figural scales for female body dissatisfaction assessment on two dimensions: thin-ideal and muscularity-ideal. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1114. [PMID: 32677919 PMCID: PMC7364654 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Body dissatisfaction influences women’s mental and physical health. To date, most research has focused on body dissatisfaction in relation to the ‘thin-ideal’. Thus, the association between body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptomatology and muscularity-ideal in women is less clear. Lack of understanding is underpinned by the lack of reliable and valid muscularity-related assessments for women. To address this need, we developed, tested and re-tested two new body dissatisfaction scales: The Female Body Scale (FBS; adiposity dimension) and Female Fit Body Scale (FFITBS; muscularity dimension). Methods One hundred and fifty-two women in the United Kingdom rated which body figure best represented their current and ideal body, completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), and their body composition was measured. During re-test, the EDE-Q 6.0 and Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) were completed. Results Both the FBS and the FFITBS were found to be valid and reliable, and distinct types of body dissatisfaction were identified. Higher EDE-Q scores corresponded with greater body dissatisfaction scores on both the FBS and FFITBS. Thin-ideal (FBS) and larger/muscularity-ideal (FFITBS) body dissatisfaction predicted higher scores on the DMS. The muscularity scale (FFITBS) uniquely revealed that 28% of participants indicated body dissatisfaction toward the larger-muscularity-ideal. Conclusions Results reveal distinct dimensions of body dissatisfaction. These new, validated scales may be utilized to quickly identify eating disorder risk in women as a preventative assessment for clinicians and inform female-focused body-image and eating disorder research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ralph-Nearman
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,Presently at Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74133, USA.
| | - Ruth Filik
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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11
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Fowokan A, Punthakee Z, Waddell C, Rosin M, Morrison KM, Gupta M, Rangarajan S, Teo K, Lear S. Multifactorial correlates of blood pressure in South Asian children in Canada: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027844. [PMID: 30962241 PMCID: PMC6500289 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to explore various correlates of blood pressure (BP) and hypertension, and to identify the most important aggregate combination of correlates for BP in South Asian children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study SETTING: Community-based recruitment in two Canadian cities PARTICIPANTS: South Asian children (n=762) provided a range of physiological, lifestyle and social variables. BP was assessed using an automated device. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and BP were transformed to z-scores using published standards. OUTCOME MEASURES Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to explore associations between the range of variables with BP z-scores and hypertension while stepwise regression was used to identify aggregate factors that provided explanatory capacity for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) z-scores. RESULTS A range of variables were associated with BP z-score and hypertension in unadjusted analysis. On adjustment for confounders, the association between age (β=-0.054, 95% CI=-0.078 to 0.029), female sex (β=-0.208, 95% CI=-0.350 to -0.067), height (β=0.022, 95% CI=0.011 to 0.033), weight (β=0.047, 95% CI=0.040 to 0.055), BMI z-score (β=0.292, 95% CI=0.249 to 0.336), WC z-score (β=0.273, 95% CI=0.219 to 0.326), WHtR z-score (β=0.289, 95% CI=0.236 to 0.342), heart rate (β=0.016, 95% CI=0.010 to 0.022), child's perception of body image (β=0.183, 95% CI=0.128 to 0.239) and grip strength (β=0.025, 95% CI=0.007 to 0.043) with SBP z-score remained. In stepwise regression, age, sex, BMI z-score, heart rate and weight accounted for 30% of the variance of SBP z-score, while age, BMI z-score, heart rate and daily fast food intake accounted for 23% of the DBP z-score variance. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that variables, such as age, sex, height, adiposity and heart rate, provide stronger explanatory capacity to BP variance and hypertension risk than other variables in South Asian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleke Fowokan
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zubin Punthakee
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlotte Waddell
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Miriam Rosin
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Milan Gupta
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koon Teo
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Feng R, Chang ET, Liu Z, Liu Q, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Chen G, Huang Q, Xie S, Cao S, Zhang Y, Yun J, Jia W, Zheng Y, Liao J, Chen Y, Lin L, Ernberg I, Huang G, Zeng Y, Zeng Y, Adami H, Ye W. Body mass index, body shape, and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A population-based case-control study in Southern China. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1835-1844. [PMID: 30793524 PMCID: PMC6488148 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether the association between body size or shape and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk exists or varies by age-specific body size indicators is unclear. In a population-based case-control study conducted in Southern China between 2010 and 2014, self-reported height, weight, and body shape at age 20 and 10 years before interview were collected from 2448 histopathologically confirmed NPC cases and 2534 population-based controls. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized according to the World Health Organization guidelines for Asian populations: underweight (<18.5 kg/m2 ), normal weight (18.5-22.9 kg/m2 ), overweight (23.0-27.4 kg/m2 ), and obese (≥27.5 kg/m2 ). Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression. Furthermore, restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to examine nonlinear effects of BMI and body shape as continuous covariates. Underweight vs normal weight at age 20 years was associated with a 22% decreased NPC risk (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67, 0.90), whereas obesity was not significantly associated with NPC risk. Associations with BMI 10 years before the interview were similar. Having the leanest body shape at age 20 years, compared with the mode was not significantly associated with NPC risk (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.62, 1.16), but having a larger body shape was associated with an elevated risk (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03, 1.52). Increasing BMI revealed positive trends with NPC risk. Despite some indication of significant findings, evidence for a strong association between BMI or body shape and NPC risk is still limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimei Feng
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Ellen T. Chang
- Health Sciences PracticeExponent, Inc.Menlo ParkCalifornia
- Stanford Cancer InstituteStanfordCalifornia
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yonglin Cai
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWuzhou Red Cross HospitalWuzhouChina
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular MechanismWuzhouChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of High‐Incidence‐Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University)NanningChina
| | - Guomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | | | - Shang‐Hang Xie
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Su‐Mei Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Jingping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei‐Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWuzhou Red Cross HospitalWuzhouChina
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular MechanismWuzhouChina
| | - Jian Liao
- Cangwu Institute for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Control and PreventionWuzhouChina
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Longde Lin
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of High‐Incidence‐Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University)NanningChina
| | - Ingemar Ernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
- Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of High‐Incidence‐Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University)NanningChina
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina
| | - Yi‐Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Beijing HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hans‐Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Cancer Prevention CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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13
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Ebrahim M, Alkazemi D, Zafar TA, Kubow S. Disordered eating attitudes correlate with body dissatisfaction among Kuwaiti male college students. J Eat Disord 2019; 7:37. [PMID: 31649822 PMCID: PMC6805684 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-019-0265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of disordered eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction based on muscularity and body fat was investigated among male college students in Kuwait with a range of body mass index values including underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese participants. METHODS Data were collected, using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Bodybuilder Image Grid (BIG), from 400 male undergraduate students (84.8% Kuwaiti nationals) recruited from both public and private universities in Kuwait. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of symptomatology indicative of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and to examine the associations between body dissatisfaction and muscularity and body fat. RESULTS Most participants were dissatisfied with their current muscle mass and body fat (67.3 and 69%, respectively). Logistic regression analyses produced odds ratios (ORs) demonstrating that students dissatisfied with their muscularity and body fat and those who indicated a desire to decrease both muscularity and body fat had significantly higher odds of being at risk of disordered eating attitudes (OR = 2.241, 95% CI [1.17, 3.6], p = .032, and OR = 1.898, 95% CI [1.214, 2.967], p = .005, respectively). Obese participants also had higher odds of exhibiting disordered eating attitudes (OR = 2.06, 95% CI [1.17, 3.60], p = .011). CONCLUSION The high proportion of disordered eating attitudes among Kuwaiti college men was associated with high levels of body image dissatisfaction in relation to both body fat and muscularity. High levels of eating disorder symptoms were also linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ebrahim
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060 Safat, Adailiya Kuwait
| | - Dalal Alkazemi
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060 Safat, Adailiya Kuwait
| | - Tasleem A Zafar
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060 Safat, Adailiya Kuwait
| | - Stan Kubow
- 2School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X3V9 Canada
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14
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Hansen S, Zemp E, Bettschart R, Pons M, Rochat T, Jeong A, Keidel D, Schindler C, Probst-Hensch N. Gender differences in the association between life history of body silhouettes and asthma incidence: Results from the SAPALDIA cohort study. RESPIRATORY MEDICINE: X 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrmex.2019.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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15
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Ganesan S, Ravishankar SL, Ramalingam S. Are Body Image Issues Affecting Our Adolescents? A Cross-sectional Study among College Going Adolescent Girls. Indian J Community Med 2018; 43:S42-S46. [PMID: 30686874 PMCID: PMC6324036 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_62_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image relates to how people think and feel about their own body. In today's society, with the growing sense of ideal body image, adolescents try to lose or gain body weight to attain that perfect body. Body image perception is still naive, and this research will try to understand these unexplored areas, where there is paucity of body image-related studies. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is to find out the proportion of girls dissatisfied about body image, and the association of various factors with body image dissatisfaction and to ascertain the weight control behaviors adopted by adolescent college girls. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was done among 1200 college girls in Coimbatore. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on various factors associated with body image dissatisfaction. Body mass index (BMI) of the participants was calculated. RESULTS Body image dissatisfaction was there among 77.6% of the girls. It was found that factors such as higher BMI, sociocultural pressure to be thin and depression were all significantly associated with body image dissatisfaction. The most commonly followed weight control behaviors were eating small meals and skipping meals. Improving the appearance and body shape were the main reasons for weight control behaviors. CONCLUSION This study establishes the fact that body image dissatisfaction is no longer a western concept and affects Indian adolescent girls to a great extent. Hence, effective interventions have to be planned to increase awareness on ideal body weight and protect our young generation from pressures of negative body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashini Ganesan
- Department of Community Medicine, PSGIMSR, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. L. Ravishankar
- Department of Community Medicine, PSGIMSR, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudha Ramalingam
- Department of Community Medicine, PSGIMSR, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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16
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Pallotti F, Tubaro P, Casilli AA, Valente TW. "You See Yourself Like in a Mirror": The Effects of Internet-Mediated Personal Networks on Body Image and Eating Disorders. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 33:1166-1176. [PMID: 28682123 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1339371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Body image issues associated with eating disorders involve attitudinal and perceptual components: individuals' dissatisfaction with body shape or weight, and inability to assess body size correctly. While prior research has mainly explored social pressures produced by the media, fashion, and advertising industries, this paper focuses on the effects of personal networks on body image, particularly in the context of internet communities. We use data collected on a sample of participants to websites on eating disorders, and map their personal networks. We specify and estimate a model for the joint distribution of attitudinal and perceptual components of body image as a function of network-related characteristics and attributional factors. Supported by information gathered through in-depth interviews, the empirical estimates provide evidence that personal networks can be conducive to positive body image development, and that the influence of personal networks varies significantly by body size. We situate our discussion in current debates about the effects of computer-mediated and face-to-face communication networks on eating disorders and related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pallotti
- a Department of International Business and Economics , Business School, University of Greenwich
- b Institute of Management , Universita' della Svizzera Italiana
| | - Paola Tubaro
- a Department of International Business and Economics , Business School, University of Greenwich
- c Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique , Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
| | - Antonio A Casilli
- d Telecom ParisTech , Interdisciplinary Institute for Innovation
- e Centre Edgar Morin , Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales
| | - Thomas W Valente
- f Department of Preventive Medicine , Institute for Prevention Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
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17
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Ralph-Nearman C, Filik R. New Body Scales Reveal Body Dissatisfaction, Thin-Ideal, and Muscularity-Ideal in Males. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:740-750. [PMID: 29557236 PMCID: PMC6131474 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318763516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to develop, test, and retest two new male body
dissatisfaction scales: The Male Body Scale (MBS; consisting of emaciated
to obese figures) and the Male Fit Body Scale (MFBS; consisting of
emaciated to muscular figures). These scales were compared to the two most commonly used
visually based indices of body dissatisfaction (Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, SFRS; and
Somatomorphic Matrix, SM). Male participants rated which body figure on each scale most
represented their current figure, then their ideal figure, and then rated which one of the
three scales (MBS, MFBS, and SFRS) best represented their current and ideal body overall.
Finally, they completed the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS), the Eating Disorder
Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q 6.0), and their actual body composition was calculated.
This was followed by a retest and manipulation check 2 to 6 weeks later. Participants’
actual body mass index, fat- and muscularity-percentage were all highly related to their
current body figure choice, and both new scales were consistently valid and more reliable
between test and retest than the SFRS and SM body dissatisfaction scores. Importantly,
each scale was sensitive to different types of body dissatisfaction within males.
Specifically, the MBS revealed that males’ desire for the thin-ideal significantly
corresponded to higher eating disorder tendencies as identified by EDE-Q 6.0 scores, while
the MFBS revealed much higher body dissatisfaction toward the larger, muscularity-ideal,
predicting higher drive for muscularity as identified by DMS scores. Results validated the
new scales, and inform male-focused eating disorder research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Filik
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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18
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Raj JP, Ploriya S. Prevalence of Obesity among Rehabilitated Urban Slum Dwellers and Altered Body Image Perception in India (PRESUME). Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 22:23-29. [PMID: 29535932 PMCID: PMC5838905 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_363_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An understudied risk factor for overweight/obesity in our population is distorted body image perception where studies from the west have proved a clear association between the two. We therefore aimed to evaluate the same and document the prevalence of overweight/obesity among rehabilitated slum dwellers. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a cross-sectional study conducted during February 2015. The participants were recruited from among permanent residents of Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board residential apartment blocks. Systematic random sampling followed by cluster sampling was done. All consenting individuals above 18 years of age were included. Pregnant women, bed-ridden patients, and those who had an acute illness in the last 2 weeks were excluded. Data were collected using a semi-structured standardized pilot-tested questionnaire which included Stunkard's figure rating scale. RESULTS Number of families included was 170 comprising 315 individuals. Prevalence of overweight was 36.5% and prevalence of obesity was 12.4%. Prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was 68.3% (women 68.9% and men 67%), and prevalence of body image distortion was 59% (women 57.5% and men 62.1%). Distorted body image (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.927; 1.057, 3.514) and underestimating body image size (aOR; 95% CI: 8.001; 4.223, 15.159) were highly significant predictors of obesity as estimated by logistic regression. CONCLUSION Although majority of population belonged to daily wage laborer workforce, prevalence of overweight is high. Distorted ideal and current body image perception is also significantly high and is a definite risk factor for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Pradeep Raj
- Department of Pharmacology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shervin Ploriya
- Church of South India, School of Nursing, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India
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Eden K, Randle-Phillips C. Exploration of body perception and body dissatisfaction in young adults with intellectual disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 71:88-97. [PMID: 29032289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disability (ID) are more likely to be overweight or obese. Research has shown that body dissatisfaction is a key factor in influencing unhealthy eating behaviour. More evidence is needed relating to how people with ID perceive their bodies in order to provide effectively targeted weight management programmes. AIMS This study aimed to investigate whether people with ID have concepts for underweight, overweight and healthyweight, and whether they can apply these concepts to themselves. It also aimed to explore body perception bias through comparison of perceived self to independent figure ratings, and body dissatisfaction through perceived-ideal body discrepancy measurement and a series of open-ended questions. METHOD Mixed methodology was used to explore body perception and body dissatisfaction in 40 young adults with ID compared to 48 individuals without ID. The Stunkard Figure Rating Scale assessed how participants would like to look, and their concepts of weight categories. RESULTS Young adults with ID tend to hold positive beliefs about their bodies. Females with ID were likely to underestimate their body size. Individuals with ID understood what is meant by 'overweight', 'healthy-weight' and 'underweight' although these concepts were different to those without ID. Individuals with ID were unable to accurately apply these body size categories to themselves. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that individuals with ID will first need support to understand how concepts of body size apply to themselves in order to facilitate weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Eden
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, North East Somerset, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
| | - Cathy Randle-Phillips
- University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, North East Somerset, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.
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Lee RLT, Leung C, Chen H, Louie LHT, Brown M, Chen JL, Cheung G, Lee PH. The Impact of a School-Based Weight Management Program Involving Parents via mHealth for Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Disability: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1178. [PMID: 28981460 PMCID: PMC5664679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of resources and studies that utilize targeted weight management interventions to engage parents via mHealth tools targeting obese children and adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities (MIDs) extended from school to a home setting. To test the feasibility and acceptability of a school-based weight program (SBWMP) involving parents via mHealth tools designed to reduce weight, enhance knowledge and adopt healthy lifestyles, and thereby achieve better psychosocial well-being among children and adolescents with MIDs. Four special schools were randomly assigned as intervention or control schools. Students from the intervention group (n = 63) were compared to those in the control group (n = 52), which comprised those with usual school planned activities and no parental involvement. Demographics were considered as covariates in a general linear model, an ordinal regression model and a binary logistic regression model analyzing the relationships between the SBWMP and the outcome variables at baseline (T0) and six months later (T1). Body weight, body mass index, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were lower in the intervention group compared to the control group, although the differences were not statistically significant. There was a positive and direct impact of the SBWMP on students' health knowledge and psychological impacts in the intervention group. The SBWMP extended to the home involving parents via mHealth tools is a feasible and acceptable program for this group with MIDs and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Lai-Tong Lee
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Community Health Services, School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cynthia Leung
- Department of Applied & Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Infection Control Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lobo H T Louie
- Department of Physical Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Michael Brown
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University, Belfast B79 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Jyu-Lin Chen
- Faculty of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | | | - Paul H Lee
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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[Evaluation, correction and impact of non-response in studies of childhood obesity]. GACETA SANITARIA 2017; 32:327-332. [PMID: 28958571 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and correct the impact of non-response in the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children aged 6 to 15 years old using silhouette scales. METHOD Cross-sectional study carried out in 2013 among 8,145 Galician schoolchildren aged 6-15 years old. The students who agreed to participate were weighed and measured and, based on body mass index, the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity was estimated. Teachers rated all students using silhouette scales. The valuations were used to estimate the prevalence corrected by non-response. Using the Bayes theorem, participation rates were estimated according to weight status. RESULTS The participation rate was 92.3% in the 6 -to 11-year-old group, and 90% in the 12- to 15-year old age group. In both groups, the prevalence of underweight and overweight were similar between participants and non-participants. However, obesity was higher among non-participants, especially at 12 to 15 years of age (6.3% vs. 12.2% ; p < 0.05). The prevalence did not change when corrected by the teacher's valuation. The participation rate of obese students was lower than the overall rate (82% vs. 90% at 12 to 15 years old; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The presence of participation bias, which was greater at 12-15 years old, was confirmed. However, the impact of the bias on prevalence was negligible due to the high participation rate. In obesity studies with objective measures, it is essential to quantify non-participation, as well as to assess its impact and correct it.
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Cohen E, Bernard JY, Ponty A, Ndao A, Amougou N, Saïd-Mohamed R, Pasquet P. Development and Validation of the Body Size Scale for Assessing Body Weight Perception in African Populations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138983. [PMID: 26536030 PMCID: PMC4633130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The social valorisation of overweight in African populations could promote high-risk eating behaviours and therefore become a risk factor of obesity. However, existing scales to assess body image are usually not accurate enough to allow comparative studies of body weight perception in different African populations. This study aimed to develop and validate the Body Size Scale (BSS) to estimate African body weight perception. Methods Anthropometric measures of 80 Cameroonians and 81 Senegalese were used to evaluate three criteria of adiposity: body mass index (BMI), overall percentage of fat, and endomorphy (fat component of the somatotype). To develop the BSS, the participants were photographed in full face and profile positions. Models were selected for their representativeness of the wide variability in adiposity with a progressive increase along the scale. Then, for the validation protocol, participants self-administered the BSS to assess self-perceived current body size (CBS), desired body size (DBS) and provide a “body self-satisfaction index.” This protocol included construct validity, test-retest reliability and convergent validity and was carried out with three independent samples of respectively 201, 103 and 1115 Cameroonians. Results The BSS comprises two sex-specific scales of photos of 9 models each, and ordered by increasing adiposity. Most participants were able to correctly order the BSS by increasing adiposity, using three different words to define body size. Test-retest reliability was consistent in estimating CBS, DBS and the “body self-satisfaction index.” The CBS was highly correlated to the objective BMI, and two different indexes assessed with the BSS were consistent with declarations obtained in interviews. Conclusion The BSS is the first scale with photos of real African models taken in both full face and profile and representing a wide and representative variability in adiposity. The validation protocol proved its reliability for estimating body weight perception in Africans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cohen
- CNRS, UMI 3189 «Environnement, Santé, Société», Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR 7206 «Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie», Musée de l’Homme, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Jonathan Y. Bernard
- CNRS, UMR 7206 «Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie», Musée de l’Homme, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Ponty
- CNRS, UMR 7206 «Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie», Musée de l’Homme, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Amadou Ndao
- CNRS, UMR 7206 «Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie», Musée de l’Homme, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Norbert Amougou
- CNRS, UMR 7206 «Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie», Musée de l’Homme, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Rihlat Saïd-Mohamed
- CNRS, UMR 7206 «Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie», Musée de l’Homme, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Patrick Pasquet
- CNRS, UMR 7206 «Eco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie», Musée de l’Homme, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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Hoffmann S, Warschburger P. Körperbild bei adipösen Kindern und Jugendlichen. PSYCHOTHERAPEUT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00278-015-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Maximova K, Khan MK, Austin SB, Kirk SF, Veugelers PJ. The role of underestimating body size for self-esteem and self-efficacy among grade five children in Canada. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:753-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Garousi S. Body weight concerns and antifat attitude in Iranian children. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:1587-93. [PMID: 25709795 PMCID: PMC4336990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that children are showing body image issues in recent years. Body image disturbances in childhood must be taken seriously. The thin ideal is becoming more prominent in Asian countries; however, there is little research examining how this issue affects Iranian children. This study explores body weight concerns and associated factors among children in Iranian elementary schools. METHODS This study was conducted in 500 elementary schools. An assessment of body image and antifat attitudes was undertaken using the figure rating scale. In addition, body mass index (BMI) and demographic variables were assessed. RESULTS Nearly, 27.4% of children were underweight, and 13.3% were obese. There was a significant difference between the mean score of body dissatisfaction (BD) between boys and girls (P < 0.05). There were no differences between BD and education of parents, age, and academic grades. In girls, antifat attitudes were significantly related to BMI. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate the paramount importance of undertaking further research in order to identify the predictive factors of body concerns and its consequences among Iranian children. In addition, researchers must plan prevention and educational program for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saideh Garousi
- Department of Social Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanity, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran,Correspondence to: Dr. Saideh Garousi, Department of Social Science, Faculty of Literature and Humanity, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. E-mail:
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Maupin JN, Hruschka DJ. Assessing the accuracy of two proxy measures for BMI in a semi-rural, low-resource setting in Guatemala. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:973. [PMID: 25238737 PMCID: PMC4190281 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Validation studies of self-reported BMI are limited to populations in high-income countries or urban settings. Here, we assess the accuracy of two proxy measures of measured height, weight and BMI – self-reported values and the Stunkard figure scale – in a semi-rural population in Guatemala. Methods Self-reported values and Stunkard figure selection were elicited prior to biometric measurements from a total of 175 non-pregnant women recruited based on a stratified random sample of households, with 92 women providing full data for validation across measures. Results 86.3% of participants self-reported weight and 62.3% height. Among those responding, self-reported weight is highly accurate though lower relationships for height contribute to error in reported BMI. The Stunkard scale has a higher response rate (97.1%) and while less accurate in predicting BMI values, more accurately predicts BMI categories. Conclusions Self-reported measures are more accurate than the Stunkard scale in estimating BMI values, while the latter is more accurate in estimating BMI categories. High non-response rates and lower correlations between reported and measured height caution against using self-reported biometric data other than raw weight in low-resource settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-973) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Maupin
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, PO Box 872402, Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA.
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Mak KK, McManus AM, Lai CM. Validity of self-estimated adiposity assessment against general and central adiposity in Hong Kong adolescents. Ann Hum Biol 2013; 40:276-9. [PMID: 23402218 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2013.766261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The relationships between self-estimated adiposity using Stunkard's body silhouette scale with general and central adiposity in adolescents are unclear. This study examines the criterion validity of Stunkard's body silhouette scale as a self-estimated rating of adiposity against anthropometric measures of adiposity and percentage body fat in Hong Kong adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The body composition of 903 adolescents (55.7% boys) was assessed by measured waist circumference (WC), waist-to-stature ratio (WSR), body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF). Self-estimated adiposity was subjectively assessed using Stunkard's body silhouette scale. The association between self-estimated adiposity and body composition was examined by Spearman correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Self-estimated adiposity correlated significantly and positively with BMI (boys: r = 0.65; girls: r = 0.59), WC (boys: r = 0.62; girls: r = 0.51), WSR (boys: r = 0.55; girls: r = 0.42) and %BF (boys: r = 0.47; girls: r = 0.55). CONCLUSION Self-estimated adiposity using the Stunkard's body silhouette scale was positively associated with actual measures of adiposity; however, the association was modest at best. It is unlikely that the Stunkard's body silhouette scale provides a suitably accurate substitute for actual body composition measures in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Kei Mak
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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