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Uea-Anuwong T, Biggel M, Cernela N, Hung WW, Lugsomya K, Kiu LH, Gröhn YT, Boss S, Stephan R, Nüesch-Inderbinen M, Magouras I. Antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relatedness of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in peridomestic rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi) linked to city areas and animal farms in Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118623. [PMID: 38462086 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia (E.) coli (ESBL-EC) in the clinical setting have emerged as a major threat to public and animal health. Wildlife, including Rattus spp. may serve as reservoirs and spreaders of ESBL-EC in the environment. Peridomestic rats are well adapted to living in proximity to humans and animals in a variety of urban and agricultural environments and may serve as sentinels to identify variations of ESBL-EC within their different habitats. In this study, a set of 221 rats (Rattus norvegicus, R. tanezumi, R. andamanensis, and Niviventer huang) consisting of 104 rats from city areas, 44 from chicken farms, 52 from pig farms, and 21 from stables of horse-riding schools were screened for ESBL-EC. Overall, a total of 134 ESBL-EC were isolated from the caecal samples of 130 (59%) rats. The predominant blaESBL genes were blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-55, and blaCTX-M-65. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a total of 62 sequence types (STs) and 17 SNP clusters. E. coli ST10 and ST155 were common to ESBL-EC from city areas and chicken farms, and ST44 were found among ESBL-EC from city areas and pig farms. Extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) ST69, ST131 and ST1193 were found exclusively among rats from city areas, and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) ST177 was restricted to ESBL-EC originating from chicken farms. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the populations of rodent ESBL-EC from city areas, chicken farms and pig farms were genetically different, suggesting a certain degree of partitioning between the human and animal locations. This study contributes to current understanding of ESBL-EC occurring in rats in ecologically diverse locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theethawat Uea-Anuwong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Michael Biggel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nicole Cernela
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wu Wai Hung
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lam Hoi Kiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yrjö Tapio Gröhn
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sara Boss
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ioannis Magouras
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Devanathan N, Mukhopadhyay HK, Sihag KK, Terence Nathan A, Chakkaravarthi A, Srinivasan L, Srinivas MV, Vasu J, Shanmugam VP, Rahi M, Devaraju P. Synanthropic rodents and shrews are reservoirs of zoonotic bacterial pathogens and act as sentinels for antimicrobial resistance spillover in the environment: A study from Puducherry, India. One Health 2024; 18:100759. [PMID: 38784598 PMCID: PMC11111835 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern and needs to be monitored for control. In this study, synanthropic rodents trapped from humans and animal habitats in Puducherry, India, were screened as sentinels for bacterial pathogens of public health importance and antimicrobial resistance spillover. From the trapped rodents and shrews (n = 100) pathogens viz., Staphylococcus sp, E. coli and Salmonella sp were isolated from oropharyngeal and rectal swabs on Mannitol salt, Mac Conkey and Xylose lysine deoxycholate media respectively. The AMR genes in these isolates were screened by PCR. A total of 76, S. aureus and 19, Staphylococcus non aureus were isolated. E. coli was isolated in 89 samples and among the Salmonella sp (n = 59), 16, were S. enteritidis and 29, were S. typhimurium. A total of 46 MRSA isolates with mec A (n = 40) and mec C (n = 6) were detected. Also, 36.84% and 5.3% Staphylococcus non aureus isolates were tested to have mec A and mec C genes. AMR genes encoding ESBL [blaTEM in 21, blaSHV in 45 and blaCTX-M in 11] was tested positive in 77 E. coli isolates. Among, Salmonella isolates 44/45 were screened to have AMR genes [tet in 13, sul3 & sul4 in 20 and qnrA in 11]. Antibiotic sensitivity test confirmed the antimicrobial resistance. Isolation of pathogens of public health importance and demonstration of genetic elements conferring antimicrobial resistance in the synanthropic rodents confirms that they act as reservoirs and appropriate sentinels to monitor AMR spillover in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedha Devanathan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Hirak Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Sihag
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - A. Terence Nathan
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Aravindasamy Chakkaravarthi
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Lakshmy Srinivasan
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Mouttou Vivek Srinivas
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Vasu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Venkatesa Perumal Shanmugam
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (RIVER), Kurumbapet, Puducherry 605009, India
| | - Manju Rahi
- The Director, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
| | - Panneer Devaraju
- Unit of One Health, ICMR- Vector Control Research Centre (ICMR-VCRC), Indira Nagar, Puducherry 605006, India
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Ali MW, Karmakar S, Utsho KS, Kabir A, Arif M, Islam MS, Rahman MT, Hassan J. First detection and characterization of mcr-1 colistin resistant E. coli from wild rat in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296109. [PMID: 38743696 PMCID: PMC11093362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Colistin resistance is a global concern warning for a one health approach to combat the challenge. Colistin resistant E. coli and their resistance determinants are widely distributed in the environment, and rats could be a potential source of these isolates and resistant determinants to a diverse environmental setting. This study was aimed to determine the presence of colistin resistant E. coli (CREC) in wild rats, their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes, and genotypic analysis of mcr-1 CREC through whole genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 39 rats were examined and CREC was isolated from their fecal pellets onto MacConkey agar containing colistin sulfate (1 μg/ mL). AMR of the CREC was determined by disc diffusion and broth microdilution was employed to determine MIC to colistin sulfate. CREC were screened for mcr genes (mcr-1 to mcr-8) and phylogenetic grouping by PCR. Finally, WGS of one mcr-1 CREC was performed to explore its genetic characteristics especially resistomes and virulence determinants. 43.59% of the rats carried CREC with one (2.56%) of them carrying CREC with mcr-1 gene among the mcr genes examined. Examination of seventeen (17) isolates from the CREC positive rats (n = 17) revealed that majority of them belonging to the pathogenic phylogroup D (52.94%) and B2 (11.76%). 58.82% of the CREC were MDR on disc diffusion test. Shockingly, the mcr-1 CREC showed phenotypic resistance to 16 antimicrobials of 8 different classes and carried the ARGs in its genome. The mcr-1 gene was located on a 60 kb IncI2 plasmid. On the other hand, ARGs related to aminoglycosides, phenicols, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and trimethoprims were located on a 288 kb mega-plasmid separately. The mcr-1 CREC carried 58 virulence genes including genes related to adhesion, colonization, biofilm formation, hemolysis and immune-evasion. The isolate belonged to ST224 and closely related to E. coli from different sources including UPEC clinical isolates from human based on cgMLST analysis. The current research indicates that rats might be a possible source of CREC, and the presence of mcr-1 and other ARGs on plasmid increases the risk of ARGs spreading and endangering human health and other environmental components through this infamous pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Wohab Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Karmakar
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Kishor Sosmith Utsho
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ajran Kabir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Jayedul Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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de Cock MP, de Vries A, Fonville M, Esser HJ, Mehl C, Ulrich RG, Joeres M, Hoffmann D, Eisenberg T, Schmidt K, Hulst M, van der Poel WHM, Sprong H, Maas M. Increased rat-borne zoonotic disease hazard in greener urban areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165069. [PMID: 37392874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Urban greening has benefits for both human and environmental health. However, urban greening might also have negative effects as the abundance of wild rats, which can host and spread a great diversity of zoonotic pathogens, increases with urban greenness. Studies on the effect of urban greening on rat-borne zoonotic pathogens are currently unavailable. Therefore, we investigated how urban greenness is associated with rat-borne zoonotic pathogen prevalence and diversity, and translated this to human disease hazard. We screened 412 wild rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) from three cities in the Netherlands for 18 different zoonotic pathogens: Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Spiroplasma spp., Streptobacillus moniliformis, Coxiella burnetii, Salmonella spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli, rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV), Seoul orthohantavirus, Cowpox virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia spp. We modelled the relationships between pathogen prevalence and diversity and urban greenness. We detected 13 different zoonotic pathogens. Rats from greener urban areas had a significantly higher prevalence of Bartonella spp. and Borrelia spp., and a significantly lower prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and ratHEV. Rat age was positively correlated with pathogen diversity while greenness was not related to pathogen diversity. Additionally, Bartonella spp. occurrence was positively correlated with that of Leptospira spp., Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia spp. occurrence was also positively correlated with that of Rickettsia spp. Our results show an increased rat-borne zoonotic disease hazard in greener urban areas, which for most pathogens was driven by the increase in rat abundance rather than pathogen prevalence. This highlights the importance of keeping rat densities low and investigating the effects of urban greening on the exposure to zoonotic pathogens in order to make informed decisions and to take appropriate countermeasures preventing zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke P de Cock
- Centre for Infectious diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, the Netherlands.
| | - Ankje de Vries
- Centre for Infectious diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Manoj Fonville
- Centre for Infectious diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Helen J Esser
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, the Netherlands.
| | - Calvin Mehl
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Germany; Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
| | - Maike Joeres
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
| | - Tobias Eisenberg
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Hessian State Laboratory, Giessen, Hessen, Germany.
| | - Katja Schmidt
- Microbiological Diagnostics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Hulst
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, Flevoland, the Netherlands.
| | - Wim H M van der Poel
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Gelderland, the Netherlands; Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Lelystad, Flevoland, the Netherlands.
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Miriam Maas
- Centre for Infectious diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Bacterial and viral rodent-borne infections on poultry farms. An attempt at a systematic review. J Vet Res 2023; 67:1-10. [PMID: 37008769 PMCID: PMC10062035 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Rodents are quite common at livestock production sites. Their adaptability, high reproductive capacity and omnivorousness make them apt to become a source of disease transmission to humans and animals. Rodents can serve as mechanical vectors or active shedders of many bacteria and viruses, and their transmission can occur through direct contact, or indirectly through contaminated food and water or by the arthropods which parasitise infected rodents. This review paper summarises how rodents spread infectious diseases in poultry production.
Material and Methods
The aim of this review was to use PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) principles to meta-analyse the available data on this topic. Three databases – PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus – and grey literature were searched for papers published from inception to July 2022 using the established keywords.
Results
An initial search identified 2,999 articles that met the criteria established by the keywords. This number remained after removing 597 articles that were repeated in some databases. The articles were searched for any mention of specific bacterial and viral pathogens.
Conclusion
The importance of rodents in the spread of bacterial diseases in poultry has been established, and the vast majority of such diseases involved Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus (MRSA), Pasteurella, Erysipelothrix or Yersinia infections. Rodents also play a role in the transmission of viruses such as avian influenza virus, avian paramyxovirus 1, avian gammacoronavirus or infectious bursal disease virus, but knowledge of these pathogens is very limited and requires further research to expand it.
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Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from peridomestic Rattus species: A scoping literature review. One Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
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Occurrence and characteristics of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (bla TEM-128) isolated from Mus musculus captured from a veterinary clinic and houses in Tunis, Tunisia. Vet Microbiol 2023; 280:109698. [PMID: 36863174 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is a public health problem. Rodents, can be a potential vector for transmission of multidrug resistant bacteria between animals, humans, and environment. The aim of our study was to assess the level of Enterobacteriaceae present in the intestines of rats collected from different locations in Tunisia, then to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, to screen extended spectrum β-lactamases-producing strains and determine the molecular mechanism of β-lactams resistance. Between July 2017 and June 2018, 55 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 71 rats captured in various locations in Tunisia. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method. Genes encoding ESBL and mcr genes were investigated by RT-PCR, standard PCR and sequencing when these genes were found. Fifty-five strains of Enterobacteriaceae were identified. The overall prevalence of ESBL production found in our study was 12.7 % (7/55) of which two E. coli strains were DDST positive, one isolated from a house-caught rat and one from the veterinary clinic and harbored the blaTEM-128 gene. In addition, the other five strains were DDST negative and harbored the blaTEM gene, including three strains isolated from collective restaurant (n = 2: blaTEM-163; n = 1: blaTEM-1), one strain isolated from the veterinary clinic (blaTEM-82), and one strain isolated from a house (blaTEM-128). The results of our study suggest that rodents may play a role in the spread of antimicrobial resistant E. coli, highlighting the need to protect the environment and monitor antimicrobial resistant bacteria in rodents to prevent their spread to other wildlife and humans.
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Modeling the Impact of Management Changes on the Infection Dynamics of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Broiler Production. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050981. [PMID: 35630424 PMCID: PMC9144090 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock animals, especially poultry, are a known reservoir for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli). They may enter the pen either via positive day-old chicks or via the environment. We developed a mathematical model to illustrate the entry and dissemination of resistant bacteria in a broiler pen during one fattening period in order to investigate the effectiveness of intervention measures on this infection process. Different management measures, such as varying amounts of litter, a slow-growing breed or lower stocking densities, were tested for their effects on broiler colonization. We also calculated the impact of products that may influence the microbiota in the chicks’ digestive tract, such as pre- or probiotics, feed supplements or competitive exclusion products. Our model outcomes show that a contaminated pen or positive chicks at the beginning of the fattening period can infect the entire flock. Increasing the amount of litter and decreasing the stocking density were shown to be effective in our model. Differences in the route of entry were found: if the chicks are already positive, the litter quantity must be increased to at least six times the standard of 1000 g/m2, whereas, if the pen is contaminated on the first day, three times the litter quantity is sufficient. A reduced stocking density of 20 kg/m2 had a significant effect on the incidence of infection only in a previously contaminated pen. Combinations of two or three measures were effective in both scenarios; similarly, feed additives may be beneficial in reducing the growth rate of ESBL-producing E. coli. This model is a valuable tool for evaluating interventions to reduce the transmission and spread of resistant bacteria in broiler houses. However, data are still needed to optimize the model, such as growth rates or survival data of ESBL-producing E. coli in different environments.
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Sonola VS, Katakweba A, Misinzo G, Matee MI. Molecular Epidemiology of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Rodents, Humans, Chicken, and Household Soils in Karatu, Northern Tanzania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095388. [PMID: 35564782 PMCID: PMC9102629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of rodents with humans and chicken in the household environment can facilitate transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli), causing infections that are difficult to treat. We investigated the presence of genes encoded for carbapenem, extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), tetracycline and quinolones resistance, and virulence among 50 MDR E. coli isolated from human (n = 14), chicken (n = 12), rodent (n = 10), and soil (n = 14) samples using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Overall, the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) detected were: blaTEM 23/50 (46%), blaCTX-M 13/50 (26%), tetA 23/50 (46%), tetB 7/50 (14%), qnrA 12/50 (24%), qnrB 4/50 (8%), blaOXA-48 6/50 (12%), and blaKPC 3/50 (6%), while blaIMP, blaVIM, and blaNDM-1 were not found. The virulence genes (VGs) found were: ompA 36/50 (72%), traT 13/50 (26%), east 9/50 (18%), bfp 5/50 (10%), eae 1/50 (2%), and stx-1 2/50 (4%), while hlyA and cnf genes were not detected. Resistance (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, tetA, tetB, and qnrA) and virulence (traT) genes were found in all sample sources while stx-1 and eae were only found in chicken and rodent isolates, respectively. Tetracycline resistance phenotypes correlated with genotypes tetA (r = 0.94), tetB (r = 0.90), blaKPC (r = 0.90; blaOXA-48 (r = 0.89), and qnrA (r = 0.96). ESBL resistance was correlated with genotypes blaKPC (r = 0.93), blaOXA-48 (r = 0.90), and qnrA (r = 0.96) resistance. Positive correlations were observed between resistance and virulence genes: qnrB and bfp (r = 0.63) also blaTEM, and traT (r = 0.51). Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that tetA, tetB, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, qnrA, and qnrB genes contributed to tetracycline, cefotaxime, and quinolone resistance, respectively. While traT stx-1, bfp, ompA, east, and eae genes contributed to virulence of MDR E. coli isolates. The PCA ellipses show that isolates from rodents had more ARGs and virulence genes compared to those isolated from chicken, soil, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Silvery Sonola
- Department of Wildlife Management, College of Forestry, Wildlife and Tourism, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3073, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- Livestock Training Agency (LITA), Buhuri Campus, P.O. Box 1483, Tanga 21206, Tanzania
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development (ACE-IRPM & BTD), Pest Management Institute, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3110, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdul Katakweba
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development (ACE-IRPM & BTD), Pest Management Institute, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3110, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
- Institute of Pest Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3110, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
| | - Mecky Isaac Matee
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam 11103, Tanzania
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Pettengill JB, Kase JA, Murray MH. The Population Genetics, Virulence, and Public Health Concerns of Escherichia coli Collected From Rats Within an Urban Environment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631761. [PMID: 34777266 PMCID: PMC8585510 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-existence of rats and humans in urban environments has long been a cause for concern regarding human health because of the potential for rats to harbor and transmit disease-causing pathogens. Here, we analyze whole-genome sequence (WGS) data from 41 Escherichia coli isolates collected from rat feces from 12 locations within the city of Chicago, IL, United States to determine the potential for rats to serve as a reservoir for pathogenic E. coli and describe its population structure. We identified 25 different serotypes, none of which were isolated from strains containing significant virulence markers indicating the presence of Shiga toxin-producing and other disease-causing E. coli. Nor did the E. coli isolates harbor any particularly rare stress tolerant or antimicrobial resistance genes. We then compared the isolates against a public database of approximately 100,000 E. coli and Shigella isolates of primarily food, food facility, or clinical origin. We found that only one isolate was genetically similar to genome sequences in the database. Phylogenetic analyses showed that isolates cluster by serotype, and there was little geographic structure (e.g., isolation by distance) among isolates. However, a greater signal of isolation by distance was observed when we compared genetic and geographic distances among isolates of the same serotype. This suggests that E. coli serotypes are independent lineages and recombination between serotypes is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Pettengill
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - J A Kase
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - M H Murray
- Davee Center for Epidemiology and Endocrinology, Urban Wildlife Institute, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, United States
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Mbehang Nguema PP, Onanga R, Ndong Atome GR, Tewa JJ, Mabika Mabika A, Muandze Nzambe JU, Obague Mbeang JC, Bitome Essono PY, Bretagnolle F, Godreuil S. High level of intrinsic phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteria from terrestrial wildlife in Gabonese national parks. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257994. [PMID: 34637441 PMCID: PMC8509864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in African wildlife are still relatively limited. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of phenotypic intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance of enterobacteria from several species of terrestrial wild mammals in national parks of Gabon. Colony culture and isolation were done using MacConkey agar. Isolates were identified using the VITEK 2 and MALDI-TOF methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was analysed and interpreted according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. The preliminary test for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was performed by replicating enterobacterial colonies on MacConkey agar supplemented with 2 mg/L cefotaxime (MCA+CTX). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was confirmed with the double-disc synergy test (DDST). The inhibition zone diameters were read with SirScan. Among the 130 bacterial colonies isolated from 125 fecal samples, 90 enterobacterial isolates were identified. Escherichia coli (61%) was the most prevalent, followed by Enterobacter cloacae (8%), Proteus mirabilis (8%), Klebsiella variicola (7%), Klebsiella aerogenes (7%), Klebsiella oxytoca (4%), Citrobacter freundii (3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1%) and Serratia marcescens (1%). Acquired resistance was carried by E. coli (11% of all E. coli isolates) and E. cloacae (3% of all E. cloacae) isolates, while intrinsic resistance was detected in all the other resistant isolates (n = 31); K. variicola, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, K. aerogenes, S. marcescens and P. mirabilis). Our data show that most strains isolated in protected areas in Gabon are wild type isolates and carry intrinsic resistance rather than acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Philippe Mbehang Nguema
- Departement Ecologie Animal, Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET), Libreville, Gabon
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- UMR CNRS/uB 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Richard Onanga
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- * E-mail:
| | - Guy Roger Ndong Atome
- Department de Chemie, Faculté des Sciences, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Jean Jules Tewa
- Departement de Mathematiques et Informatique, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Douala, Douala, Cameroun
| | - Arsène Mabika Mabika
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | | | | | | | - François Bretagnolle
- UMR CNRS/uB 6282 Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Occurrence of Multi-Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli in Chickens, Humans, Rodents and Household Soil in Karatu, Northern Tanzania. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091137. [PMID: 34572718 PMCID: PMC8469054 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli among 960 samples obtained from chickens (236), humans (243), rodents (101) and soil (290). E. coli was isolated from 650 (67.7%) samples. Isolation frequency varied significantly between chickens, humans, rodents and soil samples, being 81.6%, 86.5%, 79.2% and 31.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). Resistance rates were particularly higher against imipenem (79.8%), cefotaxime (79.7%) and tetracycline (73.7%) and moderate against amoxicillin-clavulanate (49.4%). Overall, 78.8% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) among which, 38.8%, 25.1%, 12.9% and 2.5% exhibited resistance to three, four, five and six different classes of antibiotics, respectively. Multidrug-resistant E. coli were observed in 27.7%, 30.3%, 10.8% and 10.0% of the isolates from chickens, humans, rodents and soil samples, respectively. Our results show high levels of antimicrobial resistance including MDR in E. coli isolated from chickens, humans, rodents and soil samples in Karatu, Northern Tanzania. Comprehensive interventions using a one-health approach are needed and should include improving (i) awareness of the community on judicious use of antimicrobial agents in humans and animals, (ii) house conditions and waste management and (iii) rodent control measures.
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Presence and Diversity of Different Enteric Viruses in Wild Norway Rats ( Rattus norvegicus). Viruses 2021; 13:v13060992. [PMID: 34073462 PMCID: PMC8227696 DOI: 10.3390/v13060992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodents are common reservoirs for numerous zoonotic pathogens, but knowledge about diversity of pathogens in rodents is still limited. Here, we investigated the occurrence and genetic diversity of enteric viruses in 51 Norway rats collected in three different countries in Europe. RNA of at least one virus was detected in the intestine of 49 of 51 animals. Astrovirus RNA was detected in 46 animals, mostly of rat astroviruses. Human astrovirus (HAstV-8) RNA was detected in one, rotavirus group A (RVA) RNA was identified in eleven animals. One RVA RNA could be typed as rat G3 type. Rat hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA was detected in five animals. Two entire genome sequences of ratHEV were determined. Human norovirus RNA was detected in four animals with the genotypes GI.P4-GI.4, GII.P33-GII.1, and GII.P21. In one animal, a replication competent coxsackievirus A20 strain was detected. Additionally, RNA of an enterovirus species A strain was detected in the same animal, albeit in a different tissue. The results show a high detection rate and diversity of enteric viruses in Norway rats in Europe and indicate their significance as vectors for zoonotic transmission of enteric viruses. The detailed role of Norway rats and transmission pathways of enteric viruses needs to be investigated in further studies.
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Becker E, Projahn M, Burow E, Käsbohrer A. Are There Effective Intervention Measures in Broiler Production against the ESBL/AmpC Producer Escherichia coli? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050608. [PMID: 34063430 PMCID: PMC8156222 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase (AmpC) producing Enterobacteriaceae occur frequently in livestock animals and the subsequent stages of the meat production chain and are therefore considered a risk for human health. Strict biosecurity measures and optimal farm management should reduce or even prevent poultry flock colonization at farm level. This review summarizes and evaluates published information on the effectiveness of specific intervention measures and farm management factors aiming to reduce the occurrence and spread of ESBL/AmpC producing or commensal or pathogenic E. coli in broiler chicken farms. In this systematic literature review, a total of 643 publications were analyzed, and 14 studies with significant outcome about the effectiveness of specific measures against E. coli and ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli in broiler chicken farms were found. Different feed additives seem to have an impact on the occurrence of those microorganisms. The measures ‘cleaning and disinfection’ and ‘competitive exclusion’ showed strong effects in prevention in some studies. In summary, some intervention measures showed potential to protect against or eliminate ESBL/AmpC-producing, commensal or pathogenic E. coli at farm level. Due to the high variability in the outcome of the studies, more specific, detailed investigations are needed to assess the potential of the individual intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Becker
- Department for Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.K.)
- Institute of Pharmacy/LPG, Pharmaceutical Biology, Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Michaela Projahn
- Department for Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Elke Burow
- Department for Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Department for Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 12277 Berlin, Germany; (M.P.); (E.B.); (A.K.)
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Wien, Austria
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Is the Rattus norvegicus Population Playing a Role in the Transmission of Zoonotic Diseases to Children? A Pilot Study in Tehran, Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.113203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Due to frequent exposure to surface water and contact with animals, children represent a group susceptible to zoonotic diseases. Objectives: The present study aims to determine the presence and prevalence of the main zoonotic agents in R. norvegicus populations in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In the present study, 100 R. norvegicus were captured within a time span of one year from five districts of Tehran, Iran. Fecal and blood samples were collected from rodents and serum was recovered after centrifugation. The presence of specific IgG antibodies against Leptospira spp. and Rabies virus was detected using a commercial qualitative rat ELISA kit. A conventional PCR assay was employed to detect the presence of Vibrio vulnificus in the commensal R. norvegicus population. Results: In general, 80% (n = 80/100) and 20% (n = 20/100) of rats were males and females, respectively. The results of the ELSA assay showed that of the 100 R. norvegicus captured in Tehran, 7% (n = 7/100) and 1% (n = 1/100) were positive for Leptospira spp. and Rabies virus, respectively. Leptospira spp. revealed the highest frequency (20%; 4/20) among R. norvegicus collected from the eastern part of Tehran. Rabies virus was detected only from the southern (5%; 1/20) part of Tehran. Results of the PCR method showed that the percentage of the rats tested positive for V. vulnificus was 5%. Overall, the surveyed zoonotic microorganisms had the highest (n = 5/20; 25%) and lowest (n = 1/20; 5%) frequency rates in the eastern and northern parts of Tehran, respectively. Conclusions: The results accentuate the necessity of implementing rodent control programs and regular disinfection as well as avoiding contact with rodent populations in urban environments.
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Huy HL, Koizumi N, Nuradji H, Susanti, Noor SM, Dharmayanti NI, Haga T, Hirayama K, Miura K. Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from brown rats and house shrews in markets, Bogor, Indonesia. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:531-534. [PMID: 33473051 PMCID: PMC8025418 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in small mammals dwelling in the city was used as an indicator of AMR bacteria in the environment. We captured
87 small mammals (79 brown rats and 8 house shrews) in four markets, Bogor, Indonesia in October 2019, and we obtained 20 AMR Escherichia coli
(E. coil) from 18 brown rats and two house shrews. Of these, eight isolates were determined to be multi-drug resistant (MDR) E.
coli, suggesting the potential contamination of AMR E. coli in the markets in Bogor, Indonesia, and that mammals, including humans,
are at risk of infection with AMR E. coli from environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Le Huy
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Harimurti Nuradji
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science (BB Litvet), JI. RE Martadinata No. 30, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16114
| | - Susanti
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science (BB Litvet), JI. RE Martadinata No. 30, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16114
| | - Susan M Noor
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science (BB Litvet), JI. RE Martadinata No. 30, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16114
| | - Nlp Indi Dharmayanti
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science (BB Litvet), JI. RE Martadinata No. 30, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16114
| | - Takeshi Haga
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hirayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kozue Miura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Azimi T, Azimi L, Fallah F, Pourmand MR, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Abai MR, Rahimi Foroushani A. Detection and characterization of Enterobacteriaceae family members carried by commensal Rattus norvegicus from Tehran, Iran. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1321-1334. [PMID: 33386421 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wild rats are known to carry different microorganisms and are considered a reservoir of zoonotic pathogens worldwide. The urban rats were collected from five districts of Tehran and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) were isolated from fecal samples and were identified using classical biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolated bacteria were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, the results of which were interpreted in line with CLSI guideline. The frequency of antibiotic-resistant genes was identified using multiplex-PCR. Moreover, PCR method was used to identify the frequency of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and main categories of diarrheagenic E. coli including EPEC, ETEC, EIEC, EAEC, and STEC pathotypes. A total of 100 Rattus norvegicus were trapped and fecal samples were collected. Overall, 72 fecal samples were positive for GNB. E. coli (n = 46/72) had the highest frequency among the isolated GNB. Among E. coli isolates, the highest and lowest resistance rates belonged to ampicillin (56.5%) and ceftriaxone (0%), respectively. Klebsiella spp. was 100% resistant to imipenem, and streptomycin (0%) was the most effective antimicrobial agent on Klebsiella spp. Among surveyed genes, blaTEM (95.8%) and blaaadA-1 (58.3%) had the highest frequency, while blaKPC, and blaCMY-2 were not detected among Enterobacteriaceae. Herein, O157: H7 serotype was not detected and aEPEC (87%) was the most common pathotype detected. Results suggested that rodents might be a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and rodent control along with implementation of surveillance programs should be considered as a critical priority for urban health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Azimi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azimi
- Pediatric Infection Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, and Biotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abai
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Stratmann JA, Lacko R, Ballo O, Shaid S, Gleiber W, Vehreschild MJGT, Wichelhaus T, Reinheimer C, Göttig S, Kempf VAJ, Kleine P, Stera S, Brandts C, Sebastian M, Koschade S. Colonization with multi-drug-resistant organisms negatively impacts survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242544. [PMID: 33237921 PMCID: PMC7688109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are considered an emerging threat worldwide. Data covering the clinical impact of MDRO colonization in patients with solid malignancies, however, is widely missing. We sought to determine the impact of MDRO colonization in patients who have been diagnosed with Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are at known high-risk for invasive infections. Materials and methods Patients who were screened for MDRO colonization within a 90-day period after NSCLC diagnosis of all stages were included in this single-center retrospective study. Results Two hundred and ninety-five patients were included of whom 24 patients (8.1%) were screened positive for MDRO colonization (MDROpos) at first diagnosis. Enterobacterales were by far the most frequent MDRO detected with a proportion of 79.2% (19/24). MDRO colonization was present across all disease stages and more present in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus. Median overall survival was significantly inferior in the MDROpos study group with a median OS of 7.8 months (95% CI, 0.0–19.9 months) compared to a median OS of 23.9 months (95% CI, 17.6–30.1 months) in the MDROneg group in univariate (p = 0.036) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.02). Exploratory analyses suggest a higher rate of non-cancer-related-mortality in MDROpos patients compared to MDROneg patients (p = 0.002) with an increased rate of fatal infections in MDROpos patients (p = 0.0002). Conclusions MDRO colonization is an independent risk factor for inferior OS in patients diagnosed with NSCLC due to a higher rate of fatal infections. Empirical antibiotic treatment approaches should cover formerly detected MDR commensals in cases of (suspected) invasive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A. Stratmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Raphael Lacko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Olivier Ballo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shabnam Shaid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gleiber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Center for Infectious Diseases, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Wichelhaus
- University Center for Infectious Diseases, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Center of Competence for Infection Control, Frankfurt, State of Hesse, Germany
| | - Claudia Reinheimer
- University Center for Infectious Diseases, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Center of Competence for Infection Control, Frankfurt, State of Hesse, Germany
| | - Stephan Göttig
- University Center for Infectious Diseases, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volkhard A. J. Kempf
- University Center for Infectious Diseases, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Center of Competence for Infection Control, Frankfurt, State of Hesse, Germany
| | - Peter Kleine
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Stera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Brandts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Sebastian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Koschade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Pimentel Sobrinho C, Lima Godoi J, Neves Souza F, Graco Zeppelini C, Espirito Santo V, Carvalho Santiago D, Sady Alves R, Khalil H, Carvalho Pereira T, Hanzen Pinna M, Begon M, Machado Cordeiro S, Neves Reis J, Costa F. Prevalence of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and Salmonella spp. with zoonotic potential in urban rats in Salvador, Brazil. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 149:e128. [PMID: 33213546 PMCID: PMC8167902 DOI: 10.1017/s095026882000285x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies evaluating the occurrence of enteropathogenic bacteria in urban rats (Rattus spp.) are scarce worldwide, specifically in the urban environments of tropical countries. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and Salmonella spp. with zoonotic potential in urban slum environments. We trapped rats between April and June 2018 in Salvador, Brazil. We collected rectal swabs from Rattus spp., and cultured for E. coli and Salmonella spp., and screened E. coli isolates by polymerase chain reaction to identify pathotypes. E. coli were found in 70% of Rattus norvegicus and were found in four Rattus rattus. DEC were isolated in 31.3% of the 67 brown rats (R. norvegicus). The pathotypes detected more frequently were shiga toxin E. coli in 11.9%, followed by atypical enteropathogenic E. coli in 10.4% and enteroinvasive E. coli in 4.5%. From the five black rats (R. rattus), two presented DEC. Salmonella enterica was found in only one (1.4%) of 67 R. norvegicus. Our findings indicate that both R. norvegicus and R. rattus are host of DEC and, at lower prevalence, S. enterica, highlighting the importance of rodents as potential sources of pathogenic agents for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Lima Godoi
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - F. Neves Souza
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - V. Espirito Santo
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - D. Carvalho Santiago
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - R. Sady Alves
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - H. Khalil
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - T. Carvalho Pereira
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - M. Hanzen Pinna
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - M. Begon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - J. Neves Reis
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - F. Costa
- Collective Health Institute, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Adler A, Katz DE, Marchaim D. The Continuing Plague of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterbacterales Infections: An Update. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2020; 34:677-708. [PMID: 33011052 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a common iatrogenic complication of modern life and medical care. One of the most demonstrative examples is the exponential increase in the incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production among Enterobacteriaceae, that is, the most common human pathogens outside of the hospital setting. Infections resulting from ESBL-producing bacteria are associated with devastating outcomes, now affecting even previously healthy individuals. This poses an enormous burden and threat to public health. This article aims to narrate the evolving epidemiology of ESBL infections and highlights current challenges in terms of management and prevention of these common infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Adler
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel-Aviv 6423906 Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David E Katz
- Division of Internal Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Shmuel Bait Street, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Dror Marchaim
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Unit of Infection Control, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.
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21
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Azimi T, Pourmand MR, Fallah F, Karimi A, Mansour-Ghanaie R, Hoseini-Alfatemi SM, Shirdoust M, Azimi L. Serosurvey and molecular detection of the main zoonotic parasites carried by commensal Rattus norvegicus population in Tehran, Iran. Trop Med Health 2020; 48:60. [PMID: 32704233 PMCID: PMC7374959 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rattus norvegicus are reservoirs for transmission of various zoonotic parasites, and they have become a threat to public health worldwide. Given the large number and the significant presence of R. norvegicus throughout the city of Tehran, this study aims to assess the frequency of zoonotic parasites carried by commensal rodents wandering in Tehran, Iran. The study considered the north, south, west, east, and center regions of Tehran for the purposes of this study. The serological tests were applied in order to detect effective antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis), Babesia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. using a commercial qualitative rat ELISA kit. The frequency of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) was surveyed by using the conventional PCR method. Furthermore, nested PCR was employed to detect the presence of Giardia spp. and Leishmania spp. in commensal R. norvegicus dispersed in Tehran. Results Approximately, 76% of the 100 R. norvegicus tested were infected with at least one zoonotic parasite, indicating the significant frequency of parasites within the study areas. Seroreactivity against T. vaginalis, Babesia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 5%, 0%, and 1% of the R. norvegicus tested, respectively. T. gondii DNA was detected in 32 out of 100 (32%) R. norvegicus. In addition, Leishmania spp. and Giardia spp. DNA were found in 18 out of 100 (18%) and 76 out of 100 (76%) R. norvegicus investigated, respectively. T. vaginalis with 15% and T. gondii with 70% had the highest frequency of parasites among the R. norvegicus collected from the western and northeastern regions of Tehran, respectively. Moreover, Giardia spp. with 95% and Leishmania spp. with 30% had the highest frequency in the east and center districts, respectively. Conclusion The findings showed a wide geographical dissemination of Giardia spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Leishmania spp. in R. norvegicus within five districts of Tehran. In contrast, other parasites such as Cryptosporidium spp. infection were rarely detected in Rattus populations. No evidence for the circulation of Babesia spp. was found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Azimi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fallah
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 15468-15514, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 15468-15514, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roxana Mansour-Ghanaie
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 15468-15514, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahsan Hoseini-Alfatemi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 15468-15514, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shirdoust
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 15468-15514, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 15468-15514, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in E. coli of Rats in the Region North East of Gabon. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:5163493. [PMID: 32733665 PMCID: PMC7383316 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5163493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance occurs in the environment by multiplication and the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria that would be due to an improper and incorrect use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of E.coli producing Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase (ESBL) antibiotics from rats and gregarious animals in a semirural area of Gabon and to evaluate the origin of a resistance distribution in the environment from animal feces. The bacterial culture was carried out, and the identification of E. coli strains on a specific medium and the antibiotic susceptibility tests allowed establishing the prevalence. Characterization of resistance genes was performed by gene amplification after DNA extraction. On 161 feces collected in rats, 32 strains were isolated, and 11 strains of E. coli produced ESBL with a prevalence of 34.37%. Molecular tests showed that CTX-M genes 214 bp were identified in rats. The presence of CTX-M genes could have a human origin. So, the rats can carry ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae which poses a risk to human health and pets in this region of Gabon.
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23
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Desvars-Larrive A, Ruppitsch W, Lepuschitz S, Szostak MP, Spergser J, Feßler AT, Schwarz S, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Walzer C, Loncaric I. Urban brown rats ( Rattus norvegicus) as possible source of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp., Vienna, Austria, 2016 and 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31411133 PMCID: PMC6693289 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.32.1900149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are an important wildlife species in cities, where they live in close proximity to humans. However, few studies have investigated their role as reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Aim We intended to determine whether urban rats at two highly frequented sites in Vienna, Austria, carry extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and meticillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus spp. (MRS). Methods We surveyed the presence of antimicrobial resistance in 62 urban brown rats captured in 2016 and 2017 in Vienna, Austria. Intestinal and nasopharyngeal samples were cultured on selective media. We characterised the isolates and their antimicrobial properties using microbiological and genetic methods including disk diffusion, microarray analysis, sequencing, and detection and characterisation of plasmids. Results Eight multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and two extensively drug-resistant New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases-1 (NDM-1)-producing Enterobacter xiangfangensis ST114 (En. cloacae complex) were isolated from nine of 62 rats. Nine Enterobacteriaceae isolates harboured the blaCTX-M gene and one carried a plasmid-encoded ampC gene (blaCMY-2). Forty-four MRS were isolated from 37 rats; they belonged to seven different staphylococcal species: S. fleurettii, S. sciuri, S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus (all mecA-positive) and mecC-positive S. xylosus. Conclusion Our findings suggest that brown rats in cities are a potential source of multidrug-resistant bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant En. xiangfangensis ST114. Considering the increasing worldwide urbanisation, rodent control remains an important priority for health in modern cities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Monecke
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany.,Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Chris Walzer
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States.,University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Murray MH, Fidino M, Fyffe R, Byers KA, Pettengill JB, Sondgeroth KS, Killion H, Magle SB, Rios MJ, Ortinau N, Santymire RM. City sanitation and socioeconomics predict rat zoonotic infection across diverse neighbourhoods. Zoonoses Public Health 2020; 67:673-683. [PMID: 32583624 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rat-associated zoonoses transmitted through faeces or urine are of particular concern for public health because environmental exposure in homes and businesses may be frequent and undetected. To identify times and locations with greater public health risks from rats, we investigated whether rat characteristics, environmental features, socioeconomic factors, or season could predict rat infection risk across diverse urban neighbourhoods. In partnership with a pest management company, we sampled rats in 13 community areas along an income gradient in Chicago, a large city where concern about rats has increased in recent years. We collected kidneys for Leptospira spp. testing and colon contents for aerobic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Of 202 sampled rats, 5% carried Leptospira spp. and 22% carried E. coli. Rats were significantly more likely to carry Leptospira spp. on blocks with more standing water complaints in higher-income neighbourhoods (OR = 6.74, 95% CI: 1.54-29.39). Rats were significantly more likely to carry E. coli on blocks with more food vendors (OR = 9.94, 2.27-43.50) particularly in low-income neighbourhoods (OR = 0.26, 0.09-0.82) and in the spring (OR = 15.96, 2.90-88.62). We detected a high diversity of E. coli serovars but none contained major virulence factors. These associations between environmental features related to sanitation and infection risk in rats support transmission through water for Leptospira spp. and faecal-oral transmission for E. coli. We also found opposing relationships between zoonotic infection risk and income for these two pathogens. Thus, our results highlight the importance of sanitation for predicting zoonotic disease risks and including diverse urban areas in pathogen surveillance to mitigate public health risks from rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen H Murray
- Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mason Fidino
- Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Kaylee A Byers
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Animal Health Centre, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | - James B Pettengill
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Seth B Magle
- Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Jazmin Rios
- Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nora Ortinau
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rachel M Santymire
- Department of Conservation and Science, Lincoln Park Zoo, Chicago, IL, USA
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25
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LE Huy H, Koizumi N, Ung TTH, LE TT, Nguyen HLK, Hoang PVM, Nguyen CN, Khong TM, Hasebe F, Haga T, LE MTQ, Hirayama K, Miura K. Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urban rodents in Hanoi, Vietnam. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:653-660. [PMID: 32224554 PMCID: PMC7273608 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern for both clinical and veterinary medicine. Rodent feces are one of the major infectious sources of zoonotic pathogens including AMR bacteria. So far, there are limited studies reported focused on Escherichia coli isolated in rodent feces from rural and suburban areas in Vietnam. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from feces samples of 144 urban rodents caught in Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 59 AMR E. coli was isolated from urban rodents of which 42 were multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates (resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobial agents), four were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates and five were colistin-resistant isolates. The highest prevalence of the resistance was against ampicillin (79.7%: 47/59), followed by tetracycline (78.0%: 46/59), nalidixic acid (67.8%: 40/59), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (59.3%: 35/59), chloramphenicol (45.8%: 27/59), ciprofloxacin (44.1%: 26/59), cefotaxime (30.5%: 18/59), cefodizime (23.7%: 14/59), amoxicillin-clavulanate (22.0%: 13/59), and gentamicin (22.0%: 13/59). With regard to the virulence genes associated with diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC), only aaiC gene found in one AMR isolate. In general, the use of antimicrobials does not aim to treat rodents except for companion animals. However, our findings show the carriage of AMR and MDR E. coli in urban rodents and highlight the potential risk of rodents in Hanoi acting as a reservoir of transferable MDR E. coli, including ESBL-producing, colistin-resistant E. coli, and virulence-associated with DEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang LE Huy
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Thanh Thi LE
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Cam Nhat Nguyen
- Hanoi Center for Disease Control, No 70 Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da district, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Minh Khong
- Hanoi Center for Disease Control, No 70 Nguyen Chi Thanh, Dong Da district, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Futoshi Hasebe
- Vietnam Research Station, Center for Infectious Disease Research in Asia and Africa, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haga
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mai Thi Quynh LE
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Kazuhiro Hirayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kozue Miura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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26
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Zoonotic pathogens in urban animals: Enough research to protect the health of the urban population? Anim Health Res Rev 2020; 21:50-60. [PMID: 32051044 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252319000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
With more than half of the global population living in cities, the urban areas are also teeming with animals, including peridomestic wildlife, pets, and livestock. Urban animals may carry zoonotic pathogens, and crowded conditions in cities can increase the risk for the human population. We used a systematic approach to screen two publication databases as well as gray literature, and quantified the studies conducted on zoonoses in urban animals with respect to the geographic distribution, the host animal and pathogens. Out of 876 references found, 93 were included into final data extraction. Few studies were from the rapidly expanding cities in low- and middle-income countries where urban livestock-keeping is far more prominent than in high-income countries. Most studies were performed in peridomestic wildlife and pets, less in livestock. The most common category of pathogens studied were gastrointestinal parasites followed by gastrointestinal bacteria, whereas studies on some other zoonoses internationally recognized as critical for public health were few or absent. In conclusion, to mitigate the risks of emergence of zoonoses from urban animals this review highlights the research gaps on zoonoses, particularly in livestock in rapidly growing tropical cities and a more comprehensive inclusion of pathogens prioritized by WHO and OIE.
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27
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Zhong XS, Li YZ, Ge J, Xiao G, Mo Y, Wen YQ, Liu JP, Xiong YQ, Qiu M, Huo ST, Cheng MJ, Chen Q. Comparisons of microbiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from urban rodents, shrews, and healthy people. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:12. [PMID: 31937244 PMCID: PMC6961239 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-1702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The comparisons of molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) isolates from humans and other animal hosts are not well studied. Our goal was to compare the molecular epidemiology of KP strains that were isolated from urban rodents, shrews, and healthy people. Results K. pneumoniae (KP) isolates were isolated from fecal samples of rodents, shrews and healthy adults in 2015 in southern China. In total, 465 fecal samples were collected, of which 85 from rodents, 105 from shrews, and 275 from healthy adults. Antimicrobial susceptibility and production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) of the isolates were tested. PCR-based methods were used to detect specific genes, including ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M) in ESBL-producing isolates, capsular serotypes (K1, K2, K5, K20, K54, and K57) in hypervirulent KPs (hvKPs), and virulence genes (magA, wcaG, rmpA, uge, kfu, and aerobactin) in hvKP isolates. Multilocus sequence type (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed to exclude the homology of these isolates. The carriage rate of KP in urban rodents and shrews (78.42%) was higher than that in healthy adults (66.18%) (χ2 = 8.206, P = 0.004). The prevalence rates of ESBL-producing isolates among rodents, shrews, and humans were 7.94, 12.79, and 17.03%, respectively. The positive rates of CTX-M, TEM and SHV types in ESBL-producing isolates were 29.79, 27.66, and 17.02%, respectively. Serotype K1, K5, K20, and K57 were detected in both small mammals and humans. PFGE typing revealed thirty-six clusters. PFGE cluster A was clustered by samples of shrews and healthy adult, with a similarity of 88.4%. MLST typing revealed thirty-eight types. ST23 and ST35 were detected in samples of shrews and healthy adults. ST37 was detected in samples of 2 rodents and a healthy adult. Conclusions Overlapping serotypes of hvKP were observed in both the animals and humans. The same PFGE or MLST types were also found in isolates derived humans, rodents and shrews. Therefore, urban rodents and shrews might play a certain role in the transmission of drug-resistant and hypervirulent KP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Shan Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yong-Zhi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yun Mo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing-Ping Liu
- Department of clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shu-Ting Huo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ming-Ji Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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28
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Thamlikitkul V, Tiengrim S, Thamthaweechok N, Buranapakdee P, Chiemchaisri W. Contamination by Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Selected Environments in Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3753. [PMID: 31590350 PMCID: PMC6801415 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the presence of important antibiotic-resistant bacteria in selected environments in Thailand, including wastewater samples from 60 hospitals; washed fluid, leachate, flies, cockroaches, and rats collected from five open markets; washed fluid from garbage trucks; and stabilized leachate from a landfill facility. At least one type of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was isolated from all samples of influent fluid before treatment in hospitals, from wastewater treatment tank content in hospitals, and from 15% of effluent fluid samples after treatment with chlorine prior to draining it into a public water source. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were recovered from 80% of washed market fluid samples, 60% of market leachate samples, all fly samples, 80% of cockroach samples, and all samples of intestinal content of rats collected from the open markets. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were recovered from all samples from the landfill. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and/or Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common antibiotic-resistant bacteria recovered from all types of samples, followed by carbapenem-resistant E. coli and/or K. pneumoniae. Colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Psuedomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus were less common. These findings suggest extensive contamination by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospital and community environment in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visanu Thamlikitkul
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Surapee Tiengrim
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Narisara Thamthaweechok
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
| | - Preeyanuch Buranapakdee
- Bureau of Environmental Health, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
| | - Wilai Chiemchaisri
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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29
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Fuentes-Castillo D, Farfán-López M, Esposito F, Moura Q, Fernandes MR, Lopes R, Cardoso B, Muñoz ME, Cerdeira L, Najle I, Muñoz PM, Catão-Dias JL, González-Acuña D, Lincopan N. Wild owls colonized by international clones of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (CTX-M)-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella Infantis in the Southern Cone of America. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 674:554-562. [PMID: 31022545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been classified as critical priority pathogens by the World Health Organization (WHO). We have conducted a microbiological and genomic surveillance study, in order to investigate the occurrence and features of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wild birds admitted to a wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centre in Chile. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of highly virulent ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis in wild owls inhabiting the Southern Cone of America. Genomic analysis revealed a wide resistome (for antibiotics, heavy metals and disinfectants) among international lineages of E. coli belonging to ST345 and ST2705, and S. Infantis ST32, producing CTX-M-8 or CTX-M-65 ESBLs. On the other hand, wide virulome was associated with a highly virulent behaviour in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Worryingly, all these lineages have been previously reported in humans, supporting that wide resistome and virulome could be contributing to rapid adaptation and dissemination of these clones at the human-animal-environment interface. In summary, wild owls can constitute environmental reservoirs of international clones of ESBL (CTX-M)-producing E. coli and S. Infantis carrying a wide resistome and virulome, in the Southern Cone of America, with potential risks to human, animal and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariella Farfán-López
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quézia Moura
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam R Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ralf Lopes
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda Cardoso
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria E Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Louise Cerdeira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ignacia Najle
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Patricio M Muñoz
- Department of Mineralogy and Geotectonics, Institute of Geosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José L Catão-Dias
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel González-Acuña
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Flies in the Urban Center of Berlin, Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091530. [PMID: 31052188 PMCID: PMC6539871 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms that circulate in the environment is an important topic of scientific research and contributes to the development of action plans to combat the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. As a synanthropic vector for multiple pathogens and a reservoir for AMR, flies can be used for surveillance. Methods: We collected 163 flies in the inner city of Berlin and examined them for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli genotypically and phenotypically. Results: The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in flies was 12.9%. Almost half (47.6%) of the ESBL-positive samples showed a co-resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistance to carbapenems or colistin was not detected. The predominant ESBL-type was CTX-M-1, which is associated with wildlife, livestock, and companion animals as a potential major source of transmission of MDR E. coli to flies. Conclusions: This field study confirms the permanent presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in an urban fly population. For continuous monitoring of environmental contamination with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, flies can be used as indicators without much effort.
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Projahn M, Daehre K, Semmler T, Guenther S, Roesler U, Friese A. Environmental adaptation and vertical dissemination of ESBL-/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli in an integrated broiler production chain in the absence of an antibiotic treatment. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:1017-1026. [PMID: 29345080 PMCID: PMC6196392 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High prevalence numbers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-)/plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Escherichia coli in broiler chicken and their distribution along the broiler production chain is an ongoing problem in food production. We, therefore, investigated resistant isolates along the broiler production chain to determine whether there is a constantly occurring direct vertical transmission of the ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli from the parent flocks to their offspring or not. We, furthermore, analysed the isolates concerning the occurrence of virulence factors and their ability to form biofilms to estimate their potential to effectively colonize broiler chickens and/or persist and survive in the environment of the broiler production facilities. Using whole genome sequencing, we could show that ESBL-/pAmpC-producing E. coli were likely transferred in a step-wise process along the broiler production chain but not directly from the parent flock to the fattening flock with every single batch of offspring chickens. Additionally, resistant E. coli strains showing an extraintestinal pathogenic genotype as well as high numbers of virulence-associated genes including the production of curli fibres and cellulose have high capabilities to persist and spread in the broiler production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Projahn
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Present address:
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, D‐12277BerlinGermany
| | - Katrin Daehre
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental HealthFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
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Dolejska M, Papagiannitsis CC. Plasmid-mediated resistance is going wild. Plasmid 2018; 99:99-111. [PMID: 30243983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria have been increasingly reported in humans, companion animals and farm animals. The growing trend of plasmid-mediated resistance to antimicrobial classes of critical importance is attributed to the emergence of epidemic plasmids, rapidly disseminating resistance genes among the members of Enterobacteriaceae family. The use of antibiotics to treat humans and animals has had a significant impact on the environment and on wild animals living and feeding in human-influenced habitats. Wildlife can acquire MDR bacteria selected in hospitals, community or livestock from diverse sources, including wastewater, sewage systems, landfills, farm facilities or agriculture fields. Therefore, wild animals are considered indicators of environmental pollution by antibiotic resistant bacteria, but they can also act as reservoirs and vectors spreading antibiotic resistance across the globe. The level of resistance and reported plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms observed in bacteria of wildlife origin seem to correlate well with the situation described in humans and domestic animals. Additionaly, the identification of epidemic plasmids in samples from different human, animal and wildlife sources underlines the role of horizontal gene transfer in the dissemination of resistance genes. The present review focuses on reports of plasmid-mediated resistance to critically important antimicrobial classes such as broad-spectrum beta-lactams and colistin in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from samples of wildlife origin. The role of plasmids in the dissemination of ESBL-, AmpC- and carbapenemase-encoding genes as well as plasmid-mediated colistin resistance determinants in wildlife are discussed, and their similarities to plasmids previously identified in samples of human clinical or livestock origin are highlighted. Furthermore, we present features of completely sequenced plasmids reported from wildlife Enterobacteriaceae isolates, with special focus on genes that could be associated with the plasticity and stable maintenance of these molecules in antibiotic-free environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Costas C Papagiannitsis
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic; Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Bouaziz A, Loucif L, Ayachi A, Guehaz K, Bendjama E, Rolain JM. Migratory White Stork (Ciconia ciconia): A Potential Vector of the OXA-48-Producing Escherichia coli ST38 Clone in Algeria. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:461-468. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Bouaziz
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
| | - Lotfi Loucif
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
- Unité de Recherche Sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ammar Ayachi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
| | - Karima Guehaz
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
| | - Esma Bendjama
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molécules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire (LBMBPC), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Batna 2, Batna, Algérie
- Unité de Recherche Sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de Recherche Sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
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Atterby C, Mourkas E, Méric G, Pascoe B, Wang H, Waldenström J, Sheppard SK, Olsen B, Järhult JD, Ellström P. The Potential of Isolation Source to Predict Colonization in Avian Hosts: A Case Study in Campylobacter jejuni Strains From Three Bird Species. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:591. [PMID: 29651281 PMCID: PMC5884941 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the primary cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, infecting humans mostly through consumption of contaminated poultry. C. jejuni is common in the gut of wild birds, and shows distinct strain-specific association to particular bird species. This contrasts with farm animals, in which several genotypes co-exist. It is unclear if the barriers restricting transmission between host species of such specialist strains are related to environmental factors such as contact between host species, bacterial survival in the environment, etc., or rather to strain specific adaptation to the intestinal environment of specific hosts. We compared colonization dynamics in vivo between two host-specific C. jejuni from a song thrush (ST-1304 complex) and a mallard (ST-995), and a generalist strain from chicken (ST-21 complex) in a wild host, the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). In 18-days infection experiments, the song thrush strain showed only weak colonization and was cleared from all birds after 10 days, whereas both mallard and chicken strains remained stable. When the chicken strain was given 4 days prior to co-infection of the same birds with a mallard strain, it was rapidly outcompeted by the latter. In contrast, when the mallard strain was given 4 days prior to co-infection with the chicken strain, the mallard strain remained and expansion of the chicken strain was delayed. Our results suggest strain-specific differences in the ability of C. jejuni to colonize mallards, likely associated with host origin. This difference might explain observed host association patterns in C. jejuni from wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Atterby
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evangelos Mourkas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Méric
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Olsen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josef D Järhult
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Lipman SA, Burt SA. Self-reported prevalence of pests in Dutch households and the use of the health belief model to explore householders' intentions to engage in pest control. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190399. [PMID: 29284047 PMCID: PMC5746277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pests in the home are a health risk because they can be vectors for infectious disease, contribute to allergies and cause damage to buildings. The aims of this study were to record which categories of pests were reported in homes and to use a social cognition model, the health belief model, to investigate which psychological factors influence householders' intentions to control pests. An online questionnaire was completed by 413 respondents between 11 September and 31 November 2015. A large majority of respondents reported pests in or around their home within the previous year. The prevalences were: flying insects 98%, crawling insects 85%, rodents 62%, birds 58%, and moles 20%. Regression analysis for the health belief model revealed that perceiving greater benefits and fewer barriers to pest control and expecting severe consequences of zoonotic infections predicted higher intention to control pests. Intentions towards pest control were not influenced by perceiving oneself as susceptible to catching a disease from pests or health motivation (striving towards a healthy lifestyle). Intentions to engage in pest control were lower for households reporting bird prevalence. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at improving the effectiveness of domestic pest control should focus on increasing the benefits that individuals associate with effective pest control, lowering barriers, and on underlining the severity of the diseases that pests may carry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A. Lipman
- Department of Social Health & Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sara A. Burt
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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36
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Drewes S, Straková P, Drexler JF, Jacob J, Ulrich RG. Assessing the Diversity of Rodent-Borne Viruses: Exploring of High-Throughput Sequencing and Classical Amplification/Sequencing Approaches. Adv Virus Res 2017; 99:61-108. [PMID: 29029730 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rodents are distributed throughout the world and interact with humans in many ways. They provide vital ecosystem services, some species are useful models in biomedical research and some are held as pet animals. However, many rodent species can have adverse effects such as damage to crops and stored produce, and they are of health concern because of the transmission of pathogens to humans and livestock. The first rodent viruses were discovered by isolation approaches and resulted in break-through knowledge in immunology, molecular and cell biology, and cancer research. In addition to rodent-specific viruses, rodent-borne viruses are causing a large number of zoonotic diseases. Most prominent examples are reemerging outbreaks of human hemorrhagic fever disease cases caused by arena- and hantaviruses. In addition, rodents are reservoirs for vector-borne pathogens, such as tick-borne encephalitis virus and Borrelia spp., and may carry human pathogenic agents, but likely are not involved in their transmission to human. In our days, next-generation sequencing or high-throughput sequencing (HTS) is revolutionizing the speed of the discovery of novel viruses, but other molecular approaches, such as generic RT-PCR/PCR and rolling circle amplification techniques, contribute significantly to the rapidly ongoing process. However, the current knowledge still represents only the tip of the iceberg, when comparing the known human viruses to those known for rodents, the mammalian taxon with the largest species number. The diagnostic potential of HTS-based metagenomic approaches is illustrated by their use in the discovery and complete genome determination of novel borna- and adenoviruses as causative disease agents in squirrels. In conclusion, HTS, in combination with conventional RT-PCR/PCR-based approaches, resulted in a drastically increased knowledge of the diversity of rodent viruses. Future improvements of the used workflows, including bioinformatics analysis, will further enhance our knowledge and preparedness in case of the emergence of novel viruses. Classical virological and additional molecular approaches are needed for genome annotation and functional characterization of novel viruses, discovered by these technologies, and evaluation of their zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Drewes
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Petra Straková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology v.v.i., Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan F Drexler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - Jens Jacob
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Vertebrate Research, Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Insel Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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37
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Adler A, Katz DE, Marchaim D. The Continuing Plague of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae Infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2017; 30:347-375. [PMID: 27208763 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a common iatrogenic complication of modern life and medical care. One of the most demonstrative examples is the exponential increase in the incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production among Enterobacteriaceae, which is the most common human pathogens outside of the hospital settings. Infections resulting from ESBL-producing bacteria are associated with devastating outcomes, now affecting even previously healthy individuals. This development poses an enormous burden and threat to public health. This paper aims to narrate the evolving epidemiology of ESBL infections, and highlight current challenges in terms of management and prevention of these common infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Adler
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - David E Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Marchaim
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Division of Infectious Diseases, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel.
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Nowak K, Fahr J, Weber N, Lübke-Becker A, Semmler T, Weiss S, Mombouli JV, Wieler LH, Guenther S, Leendertz FH, Ewers C. Highly diverse and antimicrobial susceptible Escherichia coli display a naïve bacterial population in fruit bats from the Republic of Congo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178146. [PMID: 28700648 PMCID: PMC5507484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are suspected to be a reservoir of several bacterial and viral pathogens relevant to animal and human health, but studies on Escherichia coli in these animals are sparse. We investigated the presence of E. coli in tissue samples (liver, lung and intestines) collected from 50 fruit bats of five different species (Eidolon helvum, Epomops franqueti, Hypsignathus monstrosus, Myonycteris torquata, Rousettus aegyptiacus) of two different areas in the Republic of Congo between 2009 and 2010. To assess E. coli pathotypes and phylogenetic relationships, we determined the presence of 59 virulence associated genes and multilocus sequence types (STs). Isolates were further tested for their susceptibility to several antimicrobial substances by agar disk diffusion test and for the presence of an Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase phenotype. E. coli was detected in 60% of the bats analysed. The diversity of E. coli strains was very high, with 37 different STs within 40 isolates. Occasionally, we detected sequence types (e.g. ST69, ST127, and ST131) and pathotypes (e.g. ExPEC, EPEC and atypical EPEC), which are known pathogens in human and/or animal infections. Although the majority of strains were assigned to phylogenetic group B2 (46.2%), which is linked with the ExPEC pathovar, occurrence of virulence-associated genes in these strains were unexpectedly low. Due to this, and as only few of the E. coli isolates showed intermediate resistance to certain antimicrobial substances, we assume a rather naïve E. coli population, lacking contact to humans or domestic animals. Future studies featuring in depth comparative whole genome sequence analyses will provide insights into the microevolution of this interesting strain collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Nowak
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jakob Fahr
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
- Zoological Institute, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Natalie Weber
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Antina Lübke-Becker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Microbial Genomics, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Weiss
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lothar H. Wieler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian H. Leendertz
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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[Multidrug-resistant bacteria in Germany. The impact of sources outside healthcare facilities]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 59:113-23. [PMID: 26446586 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-015-2261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is an ongoing discussion about the question whether the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) among humans is due to transfer of these bacteria from animals. OBJECTIVES This review summarizes data on the occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing enterobacteria in animals and humans, and describes knowledge about transmission pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS After a scientific literature analysis, relevant articles were identified by screening of titles and abstracts, amended by publications of infection control authorities and the respective reference lists. RESULTS MDRO are both transmitted in the nosocomial setting and are increasingly detected as sources of infection outside healthcare facilities. CONCLUSIONS Due to new transmission pathways of MDRO an inter-disciplinary approach towards prevention is necessary, involving medical, pharmaceutical and veterinary expertise.
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Loncaric I, Beiglböck C, Feßler AT, Posautz A, Rosengarten R, Walzer C, Ehricht R, Monecke S, Schwarz S, Spergser J, Kübber-Heiss A. Characterization of ESBL- and AmpC-Producing and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Mouflons (Ovis orientalis musimon) in Austria and Germany. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155786. [PMID: 27192164 PMCID: PMC4871533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of β-lactamase producing or fluoroquinolone-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae in European mouflons (Ovis orientalis musimon). The mouflon samples originated from nasal and perineal swabs and/or organ samples in cases of a suspected infection. Only one of the 32 mouflons was tested positive for the presence of Enterobacteriaceae that displayed either an ESBL/AmpC phenotype or were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The positively tested swab originated from a sample of the jejunal mucosa of a four-year old female mouflon. Two different colony morphotypes were identified as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. These isolates were phenotypically and genotypically characterized in detail by a polyphasic approach. Both isolates were multi-drug resistant. The E. coli isolate belonged to the phylogenetic group B1 and sequence type (ST) 744 and harboured the β-lactamase genes blaCTX-M-15 and blaOXA-1. The K. pneumoniae, identified as ST11, harboured the β-lactamase genes blaSHV-11, blaOXA-1, and blaDHA-1 as well as the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene qnrB55. The present study demonstrates that wild animals can acquire human-derived resistance determinants and such findings may indicate environmental pollution with resistance determinants from other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Christoph Beiglböck
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea T. Feßler
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Annika Posautz
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Rosengarten
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chris Walzer
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Kübber-Heiss
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Avian Pathogenicity Genes and Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Wild Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) in British Columbia, Canada. J Wildl Dis 2016; 52:418-21. [DOI: 10.7589/2015-09-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pohjola L, Nykäsenoja S, Kivistö R, Soveri T, Huovilainen A, Hänninen ML, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M. Zoonotic Public Health Hazards in Backyard Chickens. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 63:420-30. [PMID: 26752227 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Backyard poultry has become increasingly popular in industrialized countries. In addition to keeping chickens for eggs and meat, owners often treat the birds as pets. However, several pathogenic enteric bacteria have the potential for zoonotic transmission from poultry to humans but very little is known about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in backyard flocks. The occurrence and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. was studied in 51 voluntary backyard chicken farms in Finland during October 2012 and January 2013. Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the occurrence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli was investigated. The findings from this study indicate that backyard chickens are a reservoir of Campylobacter jejuni strains and a potential source of C. jejuni infection for humans. Backyard chickens can also carry L. monocytogenes, although their role as a primary reservoir is questionable. Campylobacter coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Salmonella enterica were only found sporadically in the faecal and environmental samples of backyard poultry in Finland. No Yersinia enterocolitica carrying the virulence plasmid was isolated. All pathogens were highly susceptible to most of the antimicrobials studied. Only a few AmpC- and no ESBL-producing E. coli were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pohjola
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland
| | - S Nykäsenoja
- Research and Laboratory Department, Food and Feed Microbiology Research Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Kivistö
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Soveri
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saarentaus, Finland
| | - A Huovilainen
- Veterinary Virology, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M L Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Fredriksson-Ahomaa
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Schaufler K, Semmler T, Wieler LH, Wöhrmann M, Baddam R, Ahmed N, Müller K, Kola A, Fruth A, Ewers C, Guenther S. Clonal spread and interspecies transmission of clinically relevant ESBL-producing Escherichia coli of ST410--another successful pandemic clone? FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 92:fiv155. [PMID: 26656065 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically relevant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing multi-resistant Escherichia coli have been on the rise for years. Initially restricted to mostly a clinical context, recent findings prove their prevalence in extraclinical settings independent of the original occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. To get further insights into the complex ecology of potentially clinically relevant ESBL-producing E. coli, 24 isolates from wild birds in Berlin, Germany, and 40 ESBL-producing human clinical E. coli isolates were comparatively analyzed. Isolates of ST410 occurred in both sample groups (six). In addition, three ESBL-producing E. coli isolates of ST410 from environmental dog feces and one clinical dog isolate were included. All 10 isolates were clonally analyzed showing almost identical macrorestriction patterns. They were chosen for whole-genome sequencing revealing that the whole-genome content of these 10 E. coli isolates showed a very high genetic similarity, differing by low numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms only. This study gives initial evidence for a recent interspecies transmission of a new successful clone of ST410 E. coli between wildlife, humans, companion animals and the environment. The results underline the zoonotic potential of clinically relevant multi-resistant bacteria found in the environment as well as the mandatory nature of the 'One Health' approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schaufler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- NG 1 - Microbial Genomics, Robert Koch Institute, 13302 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Wöhrmann
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ramani Baddam
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046 Hyderabad, India
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046 Hyderabad, India
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Clinic of Small Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Kola
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité Universitätsklinikum, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- Department for Infectious Diseases, Division of Bacterial Infections and National Reference, Centre for Salmonella and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Christa Ewers
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Veterinary Faculty, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Tal Jasper R, Coyle JR, Katz DE, Marchaim D. The complex epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:819-39. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance is a growing worldwide iatrogenic complication of modern medical care. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases have emerged as one of the most successful resistance mechanisms, limiting our therapeutic options to treat various human infections. The dissemination of these enzymes to the community probably signifies an irreversible step. This paper will review the evolution of human infections associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing organisms in the past 20 years, and will present and discuss the current challenges, controversies, debates and knowledge gaps in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruthy Tal Jasper
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph R Coyle
- Division of Communicable Diseases, Bureau of Disease Control, Prevention & Epidemiology, Michigan Department of Community Health, 201 Townsend St, Lansing, MI, USA, 48909
| | - David E Katz
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Marchaim
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI AND SALMONELLA SPP. IN THE FECES OF WILD URBAN NORWAY AND BLACK RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS AND RATTUS RATTUS) FROM AN INNER-CITY NEIGHBORHOOD OF VANCOUVER, CANADA. J Wildl Dis 2015; 51:589-600. [PMID: 25932669 DOI: 10.7589/2014-09-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although rat feces are widely suspected to be a source of pathogenic bacteria, few investigators have studied fecal pathogens in rats. We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in Norway and black rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus, respectively) from an urban neighborhood of Vancouver, Canada, collected September 2011-August 2012. Colon content was cultured for E. coli and Salmonella spp. and screened for the seven most-common enteropathogenic Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) serotypes by PCR. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance and Salmonella isolates were serotyped. We detected E. coli in 397/633 (62.7%) urban rats. Forty-one of 397 (6.5%) E. coli isolates were resistant to ≥ 1 antimicrobial while 17 (4.3%) were multidrug resistant (including two isolates demonstrating extended-spectrum β-lactamase resistance). Ten of 633 (1.6%) urban rats were carrying STEC serotypes including O145, O103, O26, and O45. Norway rats were more likely to be carrying E. coli compared to black rats, and there was geographic clustering of specific resistance patterns and STEC serotypes. Salmonella spp. were detected in 3/633 (0.5%) rats including serotypes Derby, Indiana, and Enteritidis. In contrast to zoonotic pathogens for which rats are the natural reservoir (e.g., Leptospira interrogans, Rickettsia typhi, Seoul virus), rats likely acquired E. coli and Salmonella spp. from their environment. The ability of rats to be a 'sponge' for environmental pathogens has received little consideration, and the ecology and public health significance of these organisms in rats requires further investigation.
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Jacob J, Ulrich RG, Freise J, Schmolz E. [Monitoring populations of rodent reservoirs of zoonotic diseases. Projects, aims and results]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2015; 57:511-8. [PMID: 24781907 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-013-1924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Rodents can harbor and transmit pathogens that can cause severe disease in humans, companion animals and livestock. Such zoonotic pathogens comprise more than two thirds of the currently known human pathogens. The epidemiology of some zoonotic pathogens, such as hantaviruses, can be linked to the population dynamics of the rodent host. In this case, during an outbreak of the rodent host population many human infections may occur. In other rodent-borne zoonotic diseases such phenomena are not known and in many cases the rodent host specificity of a given pathogen is unclear. The monitoring of relevant rodent populations and of the rodent-borne zoonotic pathogens is essential to (1) understand the distribution and epidemiology of pathogens and (2) develop forecasting tools to predict outbreaks of zoonoses. Presently, there are no systematic long-term monitoring programs in place for zoonoses in Germany. Rodent monitoring activities are largely restricted to the plant protection sector, such as for the common vole (Microtus arvalis) and forest-damaging rodents. However, during the last 10-15 years a number of specific research projects have been initiated and run for a few years and Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) monitoring has been implemented in Hamburg and Lower Saxony. Based on close cooperation of federal and state authorities and research institutions these efforts could be utilized to gain information about the distribution and importance of rodent-borne zoonoses. Nevertheless, for the integration of rodent population dynamics and zoonotic disease patterns and especially for developing predictive models, long-term monitoring is urgently required. To establish a systematic long-term monitoring program, existing networks and cooperation need to be used, additional collaborators (e.g., pest control operators) should be included and synergetic effects of different scientific fields should be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jacob
- Bundesforschungsinstitut für Kulturpflanzen, Institut für Pflanzenschutz in Gartenbau und Forst, Wirbeltierforschung, Julius Kühn-Institut, Toppheideweg 88, 48161, Münster, Deutschland,
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Cummings KJ, Aprea VA, Altier C. Antimicrobial resistance trends among canine Escherichia coli isolates obtained from clinical samples in the northeastern USA, 2004-2011. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2015; 56:393-398. [PMID: 25829560 PMCID: PMC4357913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Our objectives were to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from dogs in the northeastern USA and to identify temporal trends in resistance to selected antimicrobial agents. Data were collected retrospectively for all canine E. coli isolates from clinical samples submitted to Cornell University's Animal Health Diagnostic Center between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2011. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 3519 canine E. coli isolates; frequency of resistance to each agent ranged from 0.4% (amikacin) to 34.3% (ampicillin). No trends were evident among urinary isolates, but cephalosporin resistance remained consistently high. Among non-urinary isolates, there was evidence of a significantly increasing trend in prevalence of resistance to several agents, including cephalosporins, enrofloxacin, and tetracycline. These data suggest that some of the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in companion animal practice are becoming less effective against canine E. coli infections outside the urinary tract.
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Schauss T, Glaeser SP, Gütschow A, Dott W, Kämpfer P. Improved detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in input and output samples of German biogas plants by a selective pre-enrichment procedure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119791. [PMID: 25799434 PMCID: PMC4370489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli was investigated in input (manure from livestock husbandry) and output samples of six German biogas plants in 2012 (one sampling per biogas plant) and two German biogas plants investigated in an annual cycle four times in 2013/2014. ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were cultured by direct plating on CHROMagar ESBL from input samples in the range of 100 to 104 colony forming units (CFU) per g dry weight but not from output sample. This initially indicated a complete elimination of ESBL-producing E. coli by the biogas plant process. Detected non target bacteria were assigned to the genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, Achromobacter, Castellaniella, and Ochrobactrum. A selective pre-enrichment procedure increased the detection efficiency of ESBL-producing E. coli in input samples and enabled the detection in five of eight analyzed output samples. In total 119 ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from input and 46 from output samples. Most of the E. coli isolates carried CTX-M-type and/or TEM-type beta lactamases (94%), few SHV-type beta lactamase (6%). Sixty-four blaCTX-M genes were characterized more detailed and assigned mainly to CTX-M-groups 1 (85%) and 9 (13%), and one to group 2. Phylogenetic grouping of 80 E. coli isolates showed that most were assigned to group A (71%) and B1 (27%), only one to group D (2%). Genomic fingerprinting and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) showed a high clonal diversity with 41 BOX-types and 19 ST-types. The two most common ST-types were ST410 and ST1210. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 46 selected ESBL-producing E. coli revealed that several isolates were additionally resistant to other veterinary relevant antibiotics and some grew on CHROMagar STEC but shiga-like toxine (SLT) genes were not detected. Resistance to carbapenems was not detected. In summary the study showed for the first time the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in output samples of German biogas plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schauss
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefanie P. Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SPG); (PK)
| | - Alexandra Gütschow
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dott
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, D-52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, IFZ-Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35390, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SPG); (PK)
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49
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Ho PL, Lo WU, Lai EL, Law PY, Leung SM, Wang Y, Chow KH. Clonal diversity of CTX-M-producing, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from rodents. J Med Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pak-Leung Ho
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wai-U Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Eileen L. Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Pierra Y. Law
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Sammy M. Leung
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Kin-Hung Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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50
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Goldstone RJ, Popat R, Schuberth HJ, Sandra O, Sheldon IM, Smith DGE. Genomic characterisation of an endometrial pathogenic Escherichia coli strain reveals the acquisition of genetic elements associated with extra-intestinal pathogenicity. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1075. [PMID: 25481482 PMCID: PMC4298941 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strains of Escherichia coli cause a wide variety of intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases in both humans and animals, and are also often found in healthy individuals or the environment. Broadly, a strong phylogenetic relationship exists that distinguishes most E. coli causing intestinal disease from those that cause extra-intestinal disease, however, isolates within a recently described subclass of Extra-Intestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), termed endometrial pathogenic E. coli, tend to be phylogenetically distant from the vast majority of characterised ExPECs, and more closely related to human intestinal pathogens. In this work, we investigate the genetic basis for ExPEC infection in the prototypic endometrial pathogenic E. coli strain MS499. RESULTS By investigating the genome of MS499 in comparison with a range of other E. coli sequences, we have discovered that this bacterium has acquired substantial lengths of DNA which encode factors more usually associated with ExPECs and less frequently found in the phylogroup relatives of MS499. Many of these acquired factors, including several iron acquisition systems and a virulence plasmid similar to that found in several ExPECs such as APEC O1 and the neonatal meningitis E. coli S88, play characterised roles in a variety of typical ExPEC infections and appear to have been acquired recently by the evolutionary lineage leading to MS499. CONCLUSIONS Taking advantage of the phylogenetic relationship we describe between MS499 and several other closely related E. coli isolates from across the globe, we propose a step-wise evolution of a novel clade of sequence type 453 ExPECs within phylogroup B1, involving the recruitment of ExPEC virulence factors into the genome of an ancestrally non-extraintestinal E. coli, which has repurposed this lineage with the capacity to cause extraintestinal disease. These data reveal the genetic components which may be involved in this phenotype switching, and argue that horizontal gene exchange may be a key factor in the emergence of novel lineages of ExPECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David G E Smith
- Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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