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Cañete R, Navarro S, Alpízar J, Brito K. Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors among schoolchildren from Unión de Reyes municipality, Matanzas Province, Cuba. Trop Doct 2024; 54:136-138. [PMID: 38123457 DOI: 10.1177/00494755231212692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal parasites are widely distributed around the world and children are the most common affected group. The prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors by a cross-sectional study among children at a primary school in the Union de Reyes municipality, Matanzas province, Cuba, was carried out during April-May, 2022. Blastocystis spp. and Giardia intestinalis were the most common parasites found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cañete
- Matanzas Office of the Cuban Ministry of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences and Provincial Centre of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Matanzas City, Cuba
| | - Saylis Navarro
- Public Health Department, University of Medical Sciences, Matanzas City, Cuba
| | - Jackeline Alpízar
- Epidemiology Section, Provincial Centre of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Matanzas City, Cuba
| | - Katia Brito
- Public Health Department, University of Medical Sciences, Matanzas City, Cuba
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Lashaki EK, Mizani A, Hosseini SA, Habibi B, Taherkhani K, Javadi A, Taremiha A, Dodangeh S. Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023; 14:441-450. [PMID: 38204424 PMCID: PMC10788413 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic infections are the most common diseases worldwide, and enterobiasis is a common parasitic infection in children. Various studies have reported on the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in different regions of the world. However, no study has gathered and analyzed this data systematically. Our systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the overall prevalence of E. vermicularis among children globally. Data were extracted from 4 available databases for studies published from January 2002 to April 2022. The quality of the included studies was scored based on the standard Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. A random-effect model was chosen to calculate the pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) according to the degree of heterogeneity in the included studies. Thus, 40 publications (42 data sets) that included 3,279 children with enterobiasis met all criteria and were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that heterogeneity among the included studies was high (Q=4,399.35, I2=99.96%; df=41; p<0.001). The pooled global prevalence of enterobiasis among the studied children was 12.9% (95% CI, 8.2%-17.7%). Our systematic review and meta-analysis estimated that, for the past 20 years, 12.9% of children around the world have been infected with E. vermicularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kia Lashaki
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medical sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mizani
- Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Bentolhoda Habibi
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Taherkhani
- Dental Caries Prevention Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Javadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - AliReza Taremiha
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Booalisina Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Samira Dodangeh
- Children Growth Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Kosik-Bogacka D, Lepczyńska M, Kot K, Szkup M, Łanocha-Arendarczyk N, Dzika E, Grochans E. Prevalence, subtypes and risk factors of Blastocystis spp. infection among pre- and perimenopausal women. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1125. [PMID: 34724915 PMCID: PMC8559403 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blastocystis spp. are considered pathogenic or commensal organisms, although the majority of researchers suggest that these are neglected pathogens. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis spp. in pre- and perimenopausal women, with respect to socio-demographic (age and place of residence), and epidemiological factors, as well as drinking tap water, contact with domestic animals, traveling abroad, health status, and presence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, the objective was to compare hematological and biochemical parameters of Blastocystis spp. infected and uninfected women. Methods The study included 425 women aged 45–60. Their stool samples were examined microscopically and analyzed by a conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR). Results Blastocystis spp. were detected in 6.1% of pre- and perimenopausal women. Molecular analysis of the stool samples identified seven Blastocystis subtypes (ST1–ST4, ST6, ST7, and ST9). Blastocystis subtypes 2 and 3 were the most prevalent. The presence of Blastocystis spp. was not significantly related to socio-demographic and epidemiological factors. There were also no significant associations between Blastocystis spp. and blood parameters, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion This study complements the limited available data on the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in pre- and perimenopausal women. It is also the first report showing the presence of Blastocystis subtype 9 in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lepczyńska
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury, Żołnierska 14 C, 10-561, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szkup
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Dzika
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury, Żołnierska 14 C, 10-561, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48, 71-210, Szczecin, Poland
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Eyayu T, Wubie A, Kiros T, Tiruneh T, Damtie S, Sema M, Abebaw A, Chanie ES, Workineh L. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitosis and Its Associated Factors Among Children Aged 6 to 59 months Attending Mekane Eyesus Primary Hospital, Northcentral Ethiopia. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211036605. [PMID: 34377745 PMCID: PMC8326614 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211036605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Intestinal parasites are still a serious public health problem and important cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world, particularly in developing countries. Unfortunately, pre-school children are more susceptible to infection. However, information is scarce in the study area. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and associated factors among children aged 6 to 59 months in Northcentral Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out at Mekane Eyesus primary hospital from June 10 to November 30, 2020. Stool samples were collected from 322 children and examined by using direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. The data were entered and analyzed using EPI Info v7 and SPSS v23 statistical software, respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic analysis was carried out and potential associated factors were identified based on adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and P-value <.05. Results. The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 18.0% (95% CI: 14.0%-22.0%). A total of 4 parasites were examined and the dominant parasite was E. histolytica/dispar (8.1%) followed by A. limbricoide (4.7%). Children with irregular trimming of fingernails (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.59-6.21), and child who have habit of eating unwashed fruits/vegetables (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.14-12.82) were strongly associated with IPIs. Conclusions. Protozoa parasites are most common cause of diseases in children. The study identified some preventable and modifiable factors to address the prevalence of IPIs. Additionally, improving mothers/guardians awareness about source of infection and mode of transmission is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Eyayu
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - Meslo Sema
- Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Bayleyegn B, Woldu B, Yalew A, Kasew D, Asrie F. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection and Associated Factors Among HAART Initiated Children Attending at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2021; 13:81-90. [PMID: 33531842 PMCID: PMC7846865 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s287659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and intestinal parasites co-infections are the most common causes of clinical illness and death, especially for children living in resource constrained setting. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasites among highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) initiated children. METHODS Cross-sectional study was conducted among 255 HAART initiated HIV-infected children at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January to April 2020. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire via a face-to-face interview. Clinical data of the children were collected by reviewing the medical records. Venous blood was collected for complete blood counts, viral load determination, and blood film examination. Flotation concentration technique was done in addition to direct wet mount for parasitological examination. Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analysis were used to check the presence of significant association, and P-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infection (IPI) among the study participants was 22.4% (95% CI=17-28%). The presence of opportunistic infection (AOR=2.09 95% CI=1.81-5.43), no eating under-cooked animal products (AOR=0.38 95% CI=0.16-0.94), male sex (AOR=0.45 95% CI=0.22-0.90), viral load rate >1,000 copies/mL (AOR=1.80 95% CI=1.67-4.19), and cytopenia (AOR=2.71 95% CI=1.59-12.25) showed significant association with the prevalence of IPI. CONCLUSION Entamoeba histolytica and Ascaris lumbricoides were the most prevalent intestinal parasites among HAART initiated children. Among HAART initiated children, IPI were associated with gender, cytopenia, viral load, undercooked animal products, and the presence of opportunistic infections. Therefore, health education, prompt treatment, and regular deworming should be implemented to alleviate the burden of intestinal parasites in HIV-infected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Bayleyegn
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Woldu
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Aregawi Yalew
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Desie Kasew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fikir Asrie
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Jerez Puebla LE, Núñez-Fernández FA, Fraga Nodarse J, Atencio Millán I, Cruz Rodríguez I, Martínez Silva I, Ayllón Valdés L, Robertson LJ. Diagnosis of intestinal protozoan infections in patients in Cuba by microscopy and molecular methods: advantages and disadvantages. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 179:106102. [PMID: 33188802 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis of intestinal parasitic diseases in many countries, including Cuba, although molecular approaches often have higher sensitivity as well as other advantages. Fecal samples from 133 patients were analyzed by light microscopy and also real-time multiplex qPCR targeting Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Entamoeba histolytica, and, separately, Dientamoeba fragilis. Microscopy revealed G. duodenalis occurred most commonly (17 patients), followed by Blastocystis spp. (12 patients). In a few patients, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, Cryptosporidium spp., and Cyclospora cayetanensis were identified. Molecular analysis identified 4 more G. duodenalis infections and 2 more Cryptosporidium spp. infections; concordance between microscopy and PCR showed almost perfect agreement for G. duodenalis (κ = 0.88) and substantial agreement for Cryptosporidium (κ = 0.74). PCR indicated that E. dispar, rather than E. histolytica, had been identified by microscopy. Additionally, 16 D. fragilis infections were detected using molecular methods. Although both microscopy and molecular techniques have a place in parasitology diagnostics, for parasites such as D. fragilis, where microscopy can underestimate occurrence, molecular techniques may be preferable, and also essential for distinguishing between morphologically similar microorganisms such as E. histolytica and E. dispar. Although in resource-constrained countries such as Cuba, microscopy is extremely important as a diagnostic tool for intestinal parasites, inclusion of molecular techniques could be invaluable for selected protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Jerez Puebla
- Departament de Parasitología, Instituto "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Fidel A Núñez-Fernández
- Departament de Parasitología, Instituto "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, La Habana, Cuba; Latin-American School of Medical Science, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Jorge Fraga Nodarse
- Departament de Parasitología, Instituto "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Iraís Atencio Millán
- Departament de Parasitología, Instituto "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Iredys Cruz Rodríguez
- Departament de Parasitología, Instituto "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Isabel Martínez Silva
- Paediatric Hospital "William Soler", Avenida 100 y Perla, Altahabana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Lucía Ayllón Valdés
- Paediatric Hospital "William Soler", Avenida 100 y Perla, Altahabana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Lucy J Robertson
- Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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Hublin JSY, Maloney JG, Santin M. Blastocystis in domesticated and wild mammals and birds. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:260-282. [PMID: 33046256 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blastocystis is a ubiquitous parasite that infects a broad range of vertebrate hosts including humans and domestic and wild animals. While human infections have been occasionally associated with gastrointestinal illnesses and/or urticaria, animal infections are not usually associated with disease. However, from a public health perspective, most subtypes isolated in humans have also been isolated from animals raising the question of the importance of animal reservoirs in the epidemiology of this parasite. The identification of Blastocystis in water supplies suggests water can be a potential vehicle in the transmission of this parasite not only for humans but also for animals. In addition, Blastocystis has been detected in retail fresh produce. Knowledge of this parasite has greatly expanded in the last two decades from simple microscopic observations to the application of molecular tools to explore Blastocystis taxonomy and epidemiology. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Blastocystis in animals highlighting the subtype diversity of this widespread and genetically diverse parasite in different animal groups. This information will be useful in understanding the current status of taxonomy, epidemiology, zoonotic potential, and public health importance of Blastocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine S Y Hublin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Jenny G Maloney
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States
| | - Monica Santin
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
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Riaz M, Aslam N, Zainab R, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Rasool G, Ullah MI, Daniyal M, Akram M. Prevalence, risk factors, challenges, and the currently available diagnostic tools for the determination of helminths infections in human. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220959915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil transmitted helminthes (STH) are among the major public health issues in tropical and sub-tropical countries infecting more than 2 billion humans worldwide. STH causes considerable morbidity in children, affecting their cognitive development and physical growth. Endemic areas with poor sanitation and limited access to good quality water supply have the highest burden of STH infection. Various approaches to reduce and control the worm infections include the intermittent deworming of children with anti-helminthic drugs. Individual patient management and population based studies can only be successful upon using the diagnostic techniques with high accuracy. The lack of reliable tools for the provision of correct diagnostic results about the status and intensity of infection is a major challenge, as these factors varies considerably in areas of low infection intensities. The techniques currently available for the diagnosis of parasitic infections show limited specificity and sensitivity and as such several techniques in combination are normally used in diagnosing the variety of parasite species infection. This review article was planned to study the prevalence, risk factors, and the available diagnostic techniques for soil and water transmitted helminthes infections in humans. This article also discussed the challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and management of worm infections particularly helminthes. The articles available online on important portals like google scholar, PubMed, Digital Libraries, PakMediNet, Science direct, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) were searched for inclusion of the data in this review study. Duplicate studies and irrelevant reports describing the general aspects of parasite infections were excluded. This review study provides a comprehensive report on the prevalence, accurate diagnostic, and chemotherapeutic protocols to reduce the burden of worms infections. WHO suggests the chemotherapy for worm infections as feasible and cost effective strategy in schools due to the lack of proper policy for the prevention of intestinal worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Aslam
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aziz-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus), Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Daniyal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Wasihun AG, Teferi M, Negash L, Marugán J, Yemane D, McGuigan KG, Conroy RM, Abebe HT, Dejene TA. Intestinal parasitosis, anaemia and risk factors among pre-school children in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:379. [PMID: 32460777 PMCID: PMC7251880 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) and anaemia are major health problems. This study assessed the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, anaemia and associated factors among pre-school children in rural areas of the Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 610 pre-school children in rural communities of Northern Ethiopia from June 2017 to August 2017. Stool specimens were examined for the presence of trophozoites, cysts, oocysts, and ova using direct, formal-ethyl acetate concentration, Kato-Katz, and Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Haemoglobin was measured using a HemoCue spectrometer. RESULTS Among the 610 participating pre-school children in the study, the prevalence of IPIs and anaemia were 58% (95% conference interval (CI): 54.1-61.9%) and 21.6% (95% CI: 18.5-25.1%), respectively. Single, double, and triple parasitic infections were seen in 249 (41, 95% CI: 37-45%), 83 (14, 95% CI: 11-17%), and 22 (3.6, 95% CI: 2.4-5.4%) children, respectively. Of the seven intestinal parasitic organisms recorded from the participants, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was the most prevalent 220 (36.1%) followed by Giardia lamblia 128 (20.1%), and Hymenolepis nana 102 (16.7%). Mixed infections were common among G. lamblia, E. histolytica/dispar and Cryptosporidium spp. oocyst. Intestinal parasitic infection prevalence increased from 47% in children aged 6-11 months to 66% in those aged 48-59 months; the prevalence ratio (PR) associated with a one-year increase in age was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02-1.14, p = 0.009). Age-adjusted prevalence was higher in children who had been dewormed (PR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.00-1.4, p = 0.045), and lower in households having two or more children aged under five (PR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.95, p = 0.015). Anaemia rose from 28% in children aged 6-11 months to 43% in those aged 12-23 months, then fell continuously with age, reaching 7% in those aged 48-59 months. Age adjusted, anaemia was more prevalent in households using proper disposal of solid waste (PR = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.1-2.10, p = 0.009) while eating raw meat (PR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.45-0.54, p = 0.000), any maternal education (PR = 0.64 95% CI: 0.52-0.79, p = 0.000), and household water treatment (PR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.56-1.0, p = 0.044) were associated with lower prevalence of anaemia. CONCLUSIONS More than half of the children were infected with intestinal parasites, while anaemia prevalence was concentrated in the 12-23 month age group. This study has identified a number of potentially modifiable risk factors to address the significant prevalence of IPIs and anaemia in these children. Improvements in sanitation, clean water, hand hygiene, maternal education could address both short and long-term consequences of these conditions in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia.
| | - Mekonen Teferi
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Letemichal Negash
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Javier Marugán
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dejen Yemane
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kevin G McGuigan
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ronan M Conroy
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Haftu Temesgen Abebe
- Department of Bio Statistics, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Tsehaye Asmelash Dejene
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Tigray, Ethiopia
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Cañete R, Noda AL, Rodríguez M, Brito K, Herrera E, Kofoed PE, Ursing J. 5-Nitroimidazole refractory giardiasis is common in Matanzas, Cuba and effectively treated by secnidazole plus high-dose mebendazole or quinacrine: a prospective observational cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1092.e1-1092.e6. [PMID: 31901492 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of secnidazole combined with high-dose mebendazole for treatment of 5-nitroimidazole-resistant giardiasis. METHOD Adults with microscopically verified Giardia intestinalis monoinfection attending a secondary level hospital in Matanzas City, Cuba were prospectively included in a cohort. A recently introduced treatment ladder consisting of metronidazole as first-line treatment, followed by secnidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole plus mebendazole and quinacrine as second-to fifth-line treatments, respectively, was used. Adverse events and treatment success were determined by questioning and microscopy on concentrated stool samples, respectively on days 3, 5 and 7 after the end of treatment. If G. intestinalis was detected on day 3, 5 or 7, then the infection was classified as refractory and no further microscopy was performed. RESULTS A total of 456 individuals were included. Metronidazole, 500 mg three times daily for 5 days, cured 248/456 (54%) patients. A single 2-g secnidazole dose as second-line treatment cured 50/208 (24%) patients. A single 2-g tinidazole dose as third-line treatment cured 43/158 (27%) patients. Three rounds of 5-nitroimidazole therapy therefore cured 341/456 (75%) patients. Secnidazole plus mebendazole (200 mg every 8 hours for 3 days) cured 100/115 (87%) of nitroimidazole refractory infections. Quinacrine cured the remaining 15 patients. All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS 5-Nitroimidazole refractory giardiasis was common, indicating that an alternative first-line treatment may be needed. Retreatment of metronidazole refractory giardiasis with an alternative 5-nitroimidazole was suboptimal, indicating cross-resistance. Mebendazole plus secnidazole were well tolerated and effective for the treatment of 5-nitroimidazole refractory G. intestinalis infection in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cañete
- Council of Scientific Societies of Health, University of Medical Sciences, and Centre for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Matanzas City, Cuba
| | - A L Noda
- Paediatric Hospital 'Eliseo Noel Caamaño', Matanzas City, Cuba
| | - M Rodríguez
- Haematology and Immunology Institute, Havana, Cuba
| | - K Brito
- University of Medical Sciences, Matanzas, Cuba
| | - E Herrera
- University of Medical Sciences, Matanzas, Cuba
| | - P-E Kofoed
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau; Department of Paediatrics, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - J Ursing
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Risk factors for intestinal parasitoses among children and youth of Buenos Aires, Argentina. One Health 2019; 9:100116. [PMID: 31872035 PMCID: PMC6909185 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal parasitoses affect millions of people worldwide, especially children of developing countries. In Argentina, the prevalence of these infections varies among areas according to socio-economic and climatic variability. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitoses and risk factors in child and youth populations from neighbourhoods of La Plata (Buenos Aires province, Argentina) affected by occasional floods, including a serious flood in 2013. Methods Serial stool samples and anal swabs of 398 individuals were processed using techniques of sedimentation and flotation. Socio-economic variables were surveyed using a semi-structured questionnaire and the land use/cover was determined by classification of a satellite image. Results Of all examined individuals, 70.9% were parasitized by at least one of the 12 parasites identified. The most prevalent species were Blastocystis sp. (42.7%), Enterobius vermicularis (34.7%) and Giardia lamblia (17.6%). Infection risk factors included houses built with makeshift materials and dirt floors; lack of piped water and public waste collection service, bed-sharing and living in the non-urban area. >70.3% of the participants that lived within <200 m from watercourses or permanent water bodies were parasitized. Conclusion This research shows that parasitic infections are still a serious public health problem and that they are strongly associated with socio-economic conditions and land use/cover. In this context, studies focused on One Health strategy are need to ensure the diagnosis and surveillance of parasitosis and to tackle zoonotic diseases as well as to encourage the development of sanitary and educational programs sustainable over time.
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Mekonnen HS, Ekubagewargies DT. Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasites among under-five children attending Woreta Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:256. [PMID: 30866833 PMCID: PMC6417120 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental, social, geographical, and other factors could affect the distribution of intestinal parasites. Parasitic infections would impose on health and social problems like mal-absorption, diarrhea, impaired work capacity, and reduced growth rate. However, there is a scarcity of information regarding the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors in the study area. METHODS Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 310 study participants from April-May, 2017. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. EPI Info version 7 and SPSS version 20 were used to enter and analyze the data. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed. In multivariate analysis, variables with P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS In this study, the mean age of participants was 29.25 Months. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 18.7% (95% CI = 14.4-23.3). Children who rarely feed fresh meal (AOR = 7.74, 95% CI: 1.61, 7.84), Children whose nails were sometimes trimmed (AOR = 3.41, 95% CI: 2.20-10.28), children who had no clean playing ground (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.25-5.18), and children who had open defecation of the family (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.27-10.86) were significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections. Among the intestinal parasites, 31(53.5%) were G.lamblia (Giardia lamblia) and 21(36.2%) were E. histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii. CONCLUSION In this study, the prevalence of intestinal parasites was found low compared with the WHO annual or biannual population prevalence and treatment. However, strengthening of health education about food, personal and environmental hygiene of both children and mothers/guardians is crucial to limit the transmission. Besides, improving mothers/guardian awareness about the mode of intestinal parasites transmission is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Sewunet Mekonnen
- Department of Medical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniale Tekelia Ekubagewargies
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Zonta ML, Cociancic P, Oyhenart EE, Navone GT. Intestinal parasitosis, undernutrition and socio-environmental factors in schoolchildren from Clorinda Formosa, Argentina. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2019; 21:224-231. [DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v21n2.73692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate intestinal parasitosis, undernutrition and socio-environmental factors in schoolchildren from Clorinda (Formosa, Argentina).Materials and Methods Serial fecal samples and anal swabs of 114 schoolchildren, canine feces and soil samples were analyzed. Body weight and height of 215 schoolchildren were measured and undernutrition was estimated according to the World Health Organization criteria. Socio-environmental variables were assessed by means of a semi-structured questionnaire.Results 78.1% of children were infected by at least one of the 12 species identified and 70.8% had multiple parasitic infections. Blastocystis sp., Giardia lamblia and Enterobius vermicularis were the most prevalent. Additionally, 17.5% of children were infected by at least one geohelminth (e.g. Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms). 64.3%of canine of canine feces were positive and six parasitic species were found; the most frequent were Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala and G. lamblia. Furthermore, 37.5% of soil samples showed zoonotic parasites (i.e. Ascaris sp., Toxocara sp.). Finally, 10.0% of the children were undernourished and 85.7% of them had parasites. The risk for parasitosis was higher in children that lived in houses with inadequate solid waste disposal and whose parents were unemployed or had temporary jobs.Conclusions The lack of environmental sanitation, unstable employment of parents and the presence of zoonotic species were the most relevant factors observed. Consequently, these conditions result in an increase of parasitic infections and negatively influence the growth of children.
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Cañete R, Brito K, Brito I, Semper A, Gonzalez ME. Effectiveness and Tolerability of 3-Day Mebendazole Treatment of Giardia duodenalis Infection in Adults and Children: Two Prospective, Open-Label Phase IV Trials. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2018; 89:43-47. [PMID: 30792825 PMCID: PMC6370949 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giardia duodenalis is the most common intestinal pathogenic protozoan infection reported in humans. Both in vitro studies and 4 separate, sequential, comparative clinical trials conducted by our group in Cuba demonstrated mebendazole activity against G. duodenalis infection in both children and adults. OBJECTIVE The 2 additional, prospective, open-label, Phase IV follow-up studies reported here were performed to further assess the effectiveness and safety profile of mebendazole in the outpatient treatment of G. duodenalis infection. METHODS Assenting children (n = 522) whose guardians gave permission and consenting adults (n = 423) diagnosed with G. duodenalis infection were given mebendazole (200 mg 3 times daily for 3 days). Medical histories and stool samples were obtained and physical/laboratory examinations were performed pretreatment then repeated on days 3, 5, and 7 after treatment completion. The evaluation of efficacy (ie, cure) was based on parasitologic response to therapy. Participants were considered cured, if no Giardia trophozoites or cysts were found in any of the 3 posttreatment fecal specimens evaluated by direct wet mounts and/or after Ritchie concentration techniques. RESULTS No participant refused to be enrolled and all returned for follow-up examinations. At the end of the treatment, stool samples were negative in 450 out of 522 children (86.2%) and 392 of 423 adults (92.7%). Treatment was well tolerated. In adults, the only adverse effect reported was abdominal pain (6.2%). Side effects reported in children included abdominal pain (5.6%), nausea (2.9%), and vomiting (2.3%). Reported side effects were all mild, transient, and self-limited and did not require discontinuation of treatment or additional medication. CONCLUSIONS Mebendazole may be an effective alternative treatment of G. duodenalis infections in both children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cañete
- Council of Scientific Societies of Health, University of Medical Sciences, Matanzas City, Cuba
| | - Katia Brito
- Centre for Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Microbiology, Matanzas City, Cuba
| | - Inara Brito
- Ministry of Health, Regional Office, Matanzas City, Cuba
| | - Abel Semper
- University of Medical Sciences, Matanzas City, Cuba
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Almeida IAD, Jeske S, Mesemburg MA, Berne MEA, Villela MM. Prevalence of and risk factors for intestinal parasite infections in pediatric patients admitted to public hospitals in Southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 50:853-856. [PMID: 29340467 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0116-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and to identify risk factors associated therewith in hospitalized children. METHODS Three fecal samples from each patient were evaluated using three different techniques. The patients' nutritional and socioeconomic status and hematologic profiles were evaluated. RESULTS Of 106 children, 32.1% tested positive for intestinal parasitosis. The associated risk factors were low parental education levels and children's nail-biting habit. Eosinophilia, observed in 15 cases, was not associated with parasitosis. CONCLUSIONS We recommend routine fecal parasitologic examination for hospitalized children and implementation of educational campaigns on the prevention of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Almeida de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - Sabrina Jeske
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - Marília Arndt Mesemburg
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Centro de Pesquisas Epidemiológicas, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Maria Elisabeth Aires Berne
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcos Marreiro Villela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brasil
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Muñoz-Antoli C, Gozalbo M, Pavón A, Pérez P, Toledo R, Esteban JG. Enteroparasites in Preschool Children on the Pacific Region of Nicaragua. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 98:570-575. [PMID: 29260648 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine for the first time the prevalence of enteroparasites in preschool children originating from the seven departments of the Pacific region in Nicaragua. One stool sample of each of 1,217 children, from 6 months to 5 years of age, was collected and personal data were recorded on delivery of the container. Samples fixed in 10% formalin were processed by a formol-acetate concentration and a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. The overall prevalence of enteroparasite infections was 68.2% with a total of at least 20 species. Blastocystis hominis (45.5%), Giardia intestinalis (31.7%), Trichuris trichiura (8.2%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (5.2%) were the most prevalent protozoa and helminth species in the total study as well as in all departments. Protozoan prevalence presented a statistically significant difference by gender (male: 69.6%; female: 46.7%; P < 0.001), and males presented a higher T. trichiura infection rate than females (male: 9.9%; female 6.4%; P < 0.035). Protozoan prevalence increased with age with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Helminths were always more prevalent in urban areas (P < 0.0002). Protozoan infections result statistically higher than helminth infections so that water-based transmission could be suspected. Based on the differences with respect to species and parasite prevalence between the seven departments in the Pacific region of Nicaragua, the exploration of local factors associated with the transmission of enteroparasites should also be considered to reduce infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Gozalbo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aleyda Pavón
- Departamento Bionálisis Clínico, Instituto Politécnico de la Salud (IPS-Polisal), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Toledo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose-Guillermo Esteban
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Cociancic P, Zonta ML, Navone GT. A cross-sectional study of intestinal parasitoses in dogs and children of the periurban area of La Plata (Buenos Aires, Argentina): Zoonotic importance and implications in public health. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:e44-e53. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Cociancic
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP); La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - M. L. Zonta
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP); La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - G. T. Navone
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET-UNLP); La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
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18
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Shaddel M, Mirzaii-Dizgah I, Sharifi-Sarasiabi K, Kamali Z, Dastgheib M. Stimulated and Unstimulated Saliva Levels of Calcium and Magnesium in Giardiasis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 179:8-12. [PMID: 28111708 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-0943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Giardia lamblia causes malabsorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum and saliva calcium and magnesium levels in patients with giardiasis. Thirty patients with giardiasis as a case and 30 person without giardiasis as a control group were enrolled. The stimulated and unstimulated whole saliva and serum calcium and magnesium levels were assayed by Arsenazo reaction and xylidyl blue complex methods, respectively. Mean calcium and magnesium level was low in serum and stimulated saliva of case group than that of controls. However, they were higher in the unstimulated saliva of the case group. It is suggested that patients suffering from giardiasis have low calcium and magnesium levels, and they lose the most of calcium and magnesium by saliva during unstimulated condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoo Shaddel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khojasteh Sharifi-Sarasiabi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zahra Kamali
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Jerez Puebla LE, Núñez FA, Santos LP, Rivero LR, Silva IM, Valdés LA, Millán IA, Müller N. Molecular analysis of Giardia duodenalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic children from La Habana, Cuba. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2017; 2:105-113. [PMID: 29774288 PMCID: PMC5952668 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardiasis is considered the most common intestinal parasitic disease in humans worldwide. In Cuba, this infection has particularly a strong clinical impact on the child population. Giardia duodenalis is a highly diverse protozoan, which comprises a complex of eight morphologically identical genetic assemblages, further divided into sub-assemblages. The present study used triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes as genetic markers for the identification of G. duodenalis assemblages and sub-assemblages in correlation with clinical and epidemiological data in children attended at the Paediatric Hospital “William Soler” and at Pedro Kouri Institute, between 2015 and 2016. A prevalence of 8% of G. duodenalis infection was recorded in stool samples after concentration techniques from 68 children out of 847 analysed. A 100% detection of Giardia DNA was achieved by a SSU-rRNA PCR, whereas DNA from 63 of 68 (92.6%) was successfully amplified by tpi-PCR. By this assemblage-specific tpi-PCR 32 (50.8%) assemblage B, 17 (27.0%) assemblage A and 14 (22.2%) mixed infection (A + B) were identified. Assemblage B was significantly (P < 0.02) more frequently found in children with diarrhoea. Sequence analysis of the tpi gene of Giardia isolates from symptomatic children showed that assemblage A belonged to the sub-assemblage AII, and 4 sub assemblages BIV and 1 sub assemblage BIII were also recorded. Only 2 discordant genotyping results were observed by phylogenetic comparison of SSU-rRNA and tpi sequences. Further studies with novel molecular tools for a better discrimination at the sub-assemblage level are needed to identify the dynamics of spread of giardiasis and to verify possible correlations between Giardia genetic diversity and clinical manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Enrique Jerez Puebla
- Parasitology Department, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Fidel A Núñez
- Parasitology Department, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Lissette Pérez Santos
- Virology Department, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Lázara Rojas Rivero
- Parasitology Department, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Isabel Martínez Silva
- Paediatric Hospital "William Soler", Avenida 100 y Perla, Altahabana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Lucía Ayllón Valdés
- Paediatric Hospital "William Soler", Avenida 100 y Perla, Altahabana, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Iraís Atencio Millán
- Parasitology Department, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Norbert Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Lee MF, Cadogan P, Eytle S, Copeland S, Walochnik J, Lindo JF. Molecular epidemiology and multilocus sequence analysis of potentially zoonotic Giardia spp. from humans and dogs in Jamaica. Parasitol Res 2016; 116:409-414. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cañete R. Mebendazole Is a Potential Alternative in the Treatment of Giardia duodenalis Infection. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2016; 80:1-2. [PMID: 27642377 PMCID: PMC5018074 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cañete
- Council of Scientific Societies of Health University of Medical Sciences and Centre of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Microbiology, Matanzas, Cuba
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Puebla LJ, Núñez FA, García AB, Rivero LR, Millán IA, Prado RC. Prevalence of Giardiaduodenalis among children from a central region of Cuba: molecular characterization and associated risk factors. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:405-413. [PMID: 28615850 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is one of the most frequent intestinal parasitic infections in children worldwide. To date, eight main assemblages of G. duodenalis have been described, but only A and B genetic groups are known to infect humans. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Giardia duodenalis infection in 417 preschool children from the Fomento municipality in the central region of Cuba between January and June 2013. The overall prevalence of Giardia infection was 10.79 %. Assemblage identification was carried out by the amplification of a fragment of the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. DNA from 36 of 45 (80 %) samples was successfully amplified by PCR-tpi. Assemblage B and mixed assemblages A + B represented 52.78 and 36.11 % respectively, of genotyped samples. Assemblage A accounts for only 11.11 %. Children who were cared for at home were associated with diarrhea caused by assemblage B. No associations were found between other clinical variables with infecting assemblage of Giardia. Univariate analysis identified the use of unsafe water resources (OR 2.9; CI 1.2-6.8) and-even more interestingly-keeping dogs indoor (OR 2.5; CI 1.2-5.4) were significant risk factors associated with Giardia infection among children. Multivariate analysis using introduction test logistic regression ratified the association of these two risk factors: kept dogs indoor (OR 2.8, CI 1.1-5.3), and untreated water (OR 1.4, CI 1.4-4.9) with Giardia infection. This information may be useful for an effective prevention and control programme of giardiasis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Jerez Puebla
- Department of Parasitology, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, Habana, Cuba
| | - Fidel A Núñez
- Department of Parasitology, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, Habana, Cuba
| | - Alexey Brito García
- Provincial Centre of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology of Sancti Spíritus, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba
| | - Lázara Rojas Rivero
- Department of Parasitology, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, Habana, Cuba
| | - Irais Atencio Millán
- Department of Parasitology, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, Habana, Cuba
| | - Raúl Cordoví Prado
- Department of Parasitology, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia del Mediodía Km 6½ e/Autopista Nacional y Carretera Central, Habana, Cuba
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Molecular testing for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigations of intestinal parasitic infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 27:371-418. [PMID: 24696439 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00122-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, nucleic acid-based methods have been developed for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. Advantages of nucleic acid-based methods are numerous; typically, these include increased sensitivity and specificity and simpler standardization of diagnostic procedures. DNA samples can also be stored and used for genetic characterization and molecular typing, providing a valuable tool for surveys and surveillance studies. A variety of technologies have been applied, and some specific and general pitfalls and limitations have been identified. This review provides an overview of the multitude of methods that have been reported for the detection of intestinal parasites and offers some guidance in applying these methods in the clinical laboratory and in epidemiological studies.
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Rebolla MF, Silva EM, Gomes JF, Falcão AX, Rebolla MVF, Franco RMB. HIGH PREVALENCE OF Blastocystis spp. INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND STAFF MEMBERS ATTENDING PUBLIC URBAN SCHOOLS IN SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:31. [PMID: 27074325 PMCID: PMC4826084 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
After a gastroenteritis outbreak of unknown etiology in the municipality of
Sebastião da Grama, SãoPaulo, Brazil, we
conducted a parasitological survey to establish the epidemiological profile of
enteroparasitosis in children and staff members attending the public urban schools in
operation in town. The cross-sectional study evaluated 172 children aged 11 months to
6 years old and 33 staff members aged 19 to 58 years old. Overall, 96 (55.81%)
children and 20 (60.61%) staff members were mono-parasitized, while 58 (33.72%)
children and 4 (12.12%) workers were poly-parasitized. Protozoa (88.37%; 72.73%) was
more prevalent than helminthes (3.48%; 0%) in children and staff members
respectively.Blastocystis spp. was the most prevalent parasite in
children (86.63%) and staff members (66.67%). The age of 1 year old or less was found
to be associated with increased prevalence of giardiasis [OR = 13.04; 95%CI
2.89-58.91; p = 0.00] and public garbage collection was identified
as a protective factor against intestinal helminth infections [OR = 0.06; 95%CI
0.00-0.79; p = 0.03]. Although most of the children tested positive
for Blastocystis spp. and also presented clinical signs/symptoms
(62.2%), this association was not statistically significant [OR = 1.35; 95%CI
0.53-3.44; p = 0.51]. Intestinal parasites still represent a public
health concern and this study underscores the importance of further investigations to
better understand the pathogenic role of Blastocystis spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Frozoni Rebolla
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Brazil, ,
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25
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Osman M, El Safadi D, Cian A, Benamrouz S, Nourrisson C, Poirier P, Pereira B, Razakandrainibe R, Pinon A, Lambert C, Wawrzyniak I, Dabboussi F, Delbac F, Favennec L, Hamze M, Viscogliosi E, Certad G. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Intestinal Protozoan Infections with Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Blastocystis and Dientamoeba among Schoolchildren in Tripoli, Lebanon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004496. [PMID: 26974335 PMCID: PMC4790957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal protozoan infections are confirmed as major causes of diarrhea, particularly in children, and represent a significant, but often neglected, threat to public health. No recent data were available in Lebanon concerning the molecular epidemiology of protozoan infections in children, a vulnerable population at high risk of infection. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In order to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of intestinal pathogenic protozoa, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a general pediatric population including both symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. After obtaining informed consent from the parents or legal guardians, stool samples were collected in January 2013 from 249 children in 2 schools in Tripoli, Lebanon. Information obtained from a standard questionnaire included demographic characteristics, current symptoms, socioeconomic status, source of drinking water, and personal hygiene habits. After fecal examination by both microscopy and molecular tools, the overall prevalence of parasitic infections was recorded as 85%. Blastocystis spp. presented the highest infection rate (63%), followed by Dientamoeba fragilis (60.6%), Giardia duodenalis (28.5%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (10.4%). PCR was also performed to identify species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium, subtypes of Blastocystis, and assemblages of Giardia. Statistical analysis using a logistic regression model showed that contact with family members presenting gastrointestinal disorders was the primary risk factor for transmission of these protozoa. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study performed in Lebanon reporting the prevalence and the clinical and molecular epidemiological data associated with intestinal protozoan infections among schoolchildren in Tripoli. A high prevalence of protozoan parasites was found, with Blastocystis spp. being the most predominant protozoans. Although only 50% of children reported digestive symptoms, asymptomatic infection was observed, and these children may act as unidentified carriers. This survey provides necessary information for designing prevention and control strategies to reduce the burden of these protozoan infections, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Osman
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunitè de Lille (CIIL), UMR CNRS 8204, Inserm U1019, Université de Lille, Biologie et Diversitè des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDPEE), Lille, France
- Centre AZM pour la recherche en biotechnologies et ses applications, Universitè Libanaise, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Santè et Environnement (LMSE), Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dima El Safadi
- Institute Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunitè de Lille (CIIL), UMR CNRS 8204, Inserm U1019, Université de Lille, Biologie et Diversitè des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDPEE), Lille, France
- Centre AZM pour la recherche en biotechnologies et ses applications, Universitè Libanaise, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Santè et Environnement (LMSE), Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amandine Cian
- Institute Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunitè de Lille (CIIL), UMR CNRS 8204, Inserm U1019, Université de Lille, Biologie et Diversitè des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDPEE), Lille, France
| | - Sadia Benamrouz
- Institute Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunitè de Lille (CIIL), UMR CNRS 8204, Inserm U1019, Université de Lille, Biologie et Diversitè des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDPEE), Lille, France
- Facultè Libre des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Universitè Catholique de Lille, Universitè de Lille, Laboratoire Ecologie et Biodiversitè, Lille, France
| | - Céline Nourrisson
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne-CNRS, UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne-CNRS, UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité de Biostatistiques, Direction de la Recherche Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Romy Razakandrainibe
- EA 3800, Université de Rouen & Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Anthony Pinon
- Institute Pasteur de Lille, Unité de Sécurité Microbiologique, Lille, France
| | - Céline Lambert
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité de Biostatistiques, Direction de la Recherche Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ivan Wawrzyniak
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne-CNRS, UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fouad Dabboussi
- Centre AZM pour la recherche en biotechnologies et ses applications, Universitè Libanaise, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Santè et Environnement (LMSE), Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Delbac
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne-CNRS, UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Loïc Favennec
- EA 3800, Université de Rouen & Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Centre AZM pour la recherche en biotechnologies et ses applications, Universitè Libanaise, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Santè et Environnement (LMSE), Tripoli, Lebanon
- Faculté de Santé Publique, Université Libanaise, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Institute Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunitè de Lille (CIIL), UMR CNRS 8204, Inserm U1019, Université de Lille, Biologie et Diversitè des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDPEE), Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Institute Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunitè de Lille (CIIL), UMR CNRS 8204, Inserm U1019, Université de Lille, Biologie et Diversitè des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDPEE), Lille, France
- Département de la Recherche Médicale, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Faculté de Médecine et Maïeutique, Université Catholique de Lille, France
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Molecular Characterization and Risk Factors of Giardia duodenalis among School Children from La Habana, Cuba. J Parasitol Res 2015; 2015:378643. [PMID: 26693345 PMCID: PMC4677018 DOI: 10.1155/2015/378643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is considered the most common protozoan infecting humans worldwide. Molecular characterization of G. duodenalis isolates has revealed the existence of eight groups (assemblages A to H) which differ in their host distribution. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 639 children from La Habana between January and December 2013. Two assemblage-specific PCRs were carried out for the molecular characterization. The overall prevalence of Giardia infection was 11.9%. DNA from 63 of 76 (82.9%) samples was successfully amplified by PCR-tpi, while 58 from 76 (76.3%) were detected by PCRE1-HF. Similar results by both PCRs were obtained in 54 from 76 samples (71%). According to these analyses, assemblage B and mixed assemblages A + B account for most of the Giardia infections in the cohort of children tested. Our current study identified assemblage B as predominant genotype in children infected with Giardia. Univariate analysis indicated that omission of washing hands before eating and keeping dogs at home were significant risk factors for a Giardia infection. In the future, novel molecular tools for a better discrimination of assemblages at the subassemblages level are needed to verify possible correlations between Giardia genotypes and symptomatology of giardiasis.
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27
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Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis isolates in asymptomatic children attending daycare centre: evidence of high risk for anthroponotic transmission. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:1418-28. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815002514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYGiardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite infecting children attending daycare centres. This study aimed to verify Giardia occurrence and the genotypes of isolates infecting children aged 0–6 years and workers at a daycare centre in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The families of children who tested positive for Giardia, were asked to provide stool samples from household members and their dogs. Samples (123 children, 14 centre employees, 44 household members, 19 children after treatment, and 20 dogs) were examined for intestinal parasites using concentration methods. DNA extracted from all samples was submitted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and the amplicons generated were used for multilocus sequence typing of beta-giardin (bg), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes. Giardia was detected in 15·9% and 28·6% of the 220 samples by microscopy and PCR, respectively. Analysis of sequences retrieved from 29 isolates revealed both assemblages A (31%) and B (69%). Sub-assemblages AII, BIII and BIV were identified and the alignment of the bg, gdh and tpi sequences revealed the presence of some single nucleotide polymorphisms, especially in assemblage B sequences. The higher predominance of assemblage B and the identification of the AII type support the view that anthroponotic transmission appears to be an important route of transmission in environments that concentrate children at an age when poor hygiene practices make them more vulnerable to such infection.
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28
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Aleka Y, G/egziabher S, Tamir W, Birhane M, Alemu A. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Under five Children in University of Gondar Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-015-0020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Carvalho JBD, Santos BMD, Gomes JF, Suzuki CTN, Hoshino Shimizu S, Falcão AX, Pierucci JC, Matos LVSD, Bresciani KDS. TF-Test Modified: New Diagnostic Tool for Human Enteroparasitosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2015; 30:293-300. [PMID: 25968065 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal parasitosis is highly prevalent worldwide, being among the main causes of illness and death in humans. Currently, laboratory diagnosis of the intestinal parasites is accomplished through manual technical procedures, mostly developed decades ago, which justifies the development of more sensitive and practical techniques. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop, evaluate, and validate a new parasitological technique referred to as TF-Test Modified, in comparison to three conventional parasitological techniques: TF-Test Conventional; Rugai, Mattos & Brisola; and Helm Test/Kato-Katz. For this realization, we collected stool samples from 457 volunteers located in endemic areas of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, and statistically compared the techniques. Intestinal protozoa and helminths were detected qualitatively in 42.23% (193/457) of the volunteers by TF-Test Modified technique, against 36.76% (168/457) by TF-Test Conventional, 5.03% (23/457) by Helm Test/Kato-Katz, and 4.16% (19/457) by Rugai, Mattos & Brisola. Furthermore, the new technique presented "almost perfect kappa" agreement in all evaluated parameters with 95% (P < 0.05) of estimation. The current study showed that the TF-Test Modified technique can be comprehensively used in the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa and helminths, and its greater diagnostic sensitivity should help improving the quality of laboratory diagnosis, population surveys, and control of intestinal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Visual Informatics in Biomedical and Health, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Tetsuo Nagase Suzuki
- Laboratory of Visual Informatics in Biomedical and Health, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Immunocamp Technology Research and Development LTDA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sumie Hoshino Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Xavier Falcão
- Laboratory of Visual Informatics in Biomedical and Health, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Cestari Pierucci
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP/Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Wawrzyniak I, Poirier P, Viscogliosi E, Dionigia M, Texier C, Delbac F, Alaoui HE. Blastocystis, an unrecognized parasite: an overview of pathogenesis and diagnosis. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2014; 1:167-78. [PMID: 25165551 DOI: 10.1177/2049936113504754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is among the few enteric parasites with a prevalence that often exceeds 5% in the general population of industrialized countries and can reach 30-60% in developing countries. This parasite is frequently found in people who are immunocompromised (patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or cancer) and a higher risk of Blastocystis sp. infection has been found in people with close animal contact. Such prevalence in the human population and the zoonotic potential naturally raise questions about the impact of these parasites on public health and has increased interest in this area. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shed new light on the pathogenic power of this parasite, suggesting that Blastocystis sp. infection is associated with a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, may play a significant role in irritable bowel syndrome, and may be linked with cutaneous lesions (urticaria). Despite recent significant advances in the knowledge of the extensive genetic diversity of this species, the identification of extracellular proteases as virulence factors and the publication of one isolate genome, many aspects of the biology of Blastocystis sp. remain poorly investigated. In this review, we investigate several biological aspects of Blastocystis sp. (diversity and epidemiology, diagnosis tools and pathophysiology). These data pave the way for the following challenges concerning Blastocystis sp. research: deciphering key biological mechanisms and pathways of this parasite and clarification of its clinical impact in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Wawrzyniak
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand and CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, Aubière, France
| | - Philippe Poirier
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, Aubière, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, JE 2526, Evolution des bactéries pathogènes et susceptibilité de l'hôte, Clermont-Ferrand and CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Parasitologie Mycologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Biology and Diversity of Emerging Eukaryotic Pathogens, Lille cedex, France
| | - Meloni Dionigia
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Biology and Diversity of Emerging Eukaryotic Pathogens, Lille cedex, France and Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Catherine Texier
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand and CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, Aubière, France
| | - Frédéric Delbac
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Microorganismes, Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand and CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, Aubière, France
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31
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Correlation of Giardia duodenalis assemblages with clinical and epidemiological data in Cuban children. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 23:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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