1
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Miao C, Wu Z, Sun Y, Cao Z. Deoxynivalenol Induces Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Damage through RhoA/ROCK Pathway-Mediated Apoptosis and F-Actin-Associated Tight Junction Disruption. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38595054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) poses a serious global food safety risk due to its high toxicity and contamination rate. It disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier, allowing exogenous toxins to enter the circulation and resulting in sepsis and systemic toxicity. In this research, 32 male Kunming mice and Porcine Small Intestinal Epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells were treated with DON at 0-4.8 mg/kg (7 d) and 0-12 μM (24 h), respectively. Histopathological results revealed that DON disrupted the intestinal epithelial barrier, causing apoptosis and tight junction (TJ) injury. Immunofluorescence and protein expression results showed that DON-induced p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and fibrillar actin (F-actin)-associated TJ injury and that the RhoA/ROCK pathway were activated in mice jejunal tissue and IPEC-J2 cells. Pretreatment with RhoA or ROCK inhibitors (Rosin or Y-27632) maintained DON-induced apoptosis and F-actin-associated TJ injury in IPEC-J2 cells. Thus, DON induces damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier through the RhoA/ROCK pathway-mediated apoptosis and F-actin-associated TJ disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiao Miao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zuoyao Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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2
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Rayzah M, Elderdery AY, Alzerwi NAN, Alzahrani B, Alsrhani A, Alsultan A, Idrees B, Rayzah F, Bakhsh Y, Alzahrani AM, Subbiah SK, Mok PL. Syzygium cumini (L.) Extract-Derived Green Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatic Cancer Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3174. [PMID: 37765338 PMCID: PMC10537597 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
An aqueous extract of Syzygium cumini seeds was utilized to green synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). UV-Visible, DLS, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, SAED, EDAX, and photoluminescence spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterize the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles. The rutile crystal structure of TiO2 NPs was revealed by XRD study. The TEM and FESEM images of the TiO2 NPs revealed an average particle size of 50-100 nm. We employed EDAX to investigate the elemental compositions of TiO2 NPs. The O-Ti-O stretching bands appeared in the FTIR spectrum of TiO2 NPs at wavenumbers of 495 cm-1. The absorption edge peaks of TiO2 NPs were found in the UV-vis spectra at 397 nm. The MTT study revealed that TiO2 NPs effectively inhibited the growth of liver cancer Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. The results of the corresponding fluorescent staining assays showed that TiO2 NPs significantly increased ROS generation, decreased MMP, and induced apoptosis in both liver cancer Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. TiO2 nanoparticles lessened SOD, CAT, and GSH levels while augmenting MDA contents in Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells. In both Hep3 and Hep-G2 cells treated with TiO2 NPs, the Bax, CytC, p53, caspase-3, -8, and -9 expressions were remarkably augmented, while Bcl-2 expression was reduced. Overall, these findings revealed that formulated TiO2 NPs treatment considerably inhibited growth and triggered apoptosis in Hep3 and HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaed Rayzah
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abozer Y. Elderdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A. N. Alzerwi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alsultan
- Department of Surgery, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Idrees
- Department of Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, As Sulimaniyah 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares Rayzah
- Aseer Central Hospital, Abha 62523, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Bakhsh
- Iman General Hospital, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Alzahrani
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh K. Subbiah
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600073, India
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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3
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Shi YQ, Zhu XT, Zhang SN, Ma YF, Han YH, Jiang Y, Zhang YH. Premature ovarian insufficiency: a review on the role of oxidative stress and the application of antioxidants. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1172481. [PMID: 37600717 PMCID: PMC10436748 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in regulating follicular growth, angiogenesis and sex hormone synthesis in ovarian tissue. When the balance between ROS and antioxidants is disrupted, however, it can cause serious consequences of oxidative stress (OS), and the quantity and quality of oocytes will decline. Therefore, this review discusses the interrelationship between OS and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), the potential mechanisms and the methods by which antioxidants can improve POI through controlling the level of OS. We found that OS can mediate changes in genetic materials, signal pathways, transcription factors and ovarian microenvironment, resulting in abnormal apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and abnormal meiosis as well as decreased mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid(mtDNA) and other changes, thus accelerating the process of ovarian aging. However, antioxidants, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), biological enzymes and other antioxidants can delay the disease process of POI by reducing the ROS level in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qian Shi
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xi-Ting Zhu
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Su-Na Zhang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Fu Ma
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Hua Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yue-Hui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory and Unit of Infertility in Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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4
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Zhang JY, Zhang MY, Xiao SY, Zheng MF, Wang JL, Sun SC, Qin L. Nivalenol disrupts mitochondria functions during porcine oocyte meiotic maturation. Toxicon 2023:107223. [PMID: 37437783 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Oocyte maturation is important for fertility in mammals, since the quality of oocytes directly affects fertilization, embryo attachment and survival. Nivalenol is widely present in nature as a common toxin that contaminates grain and feed, and it has been reported to cause acute toxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and carcinogenic effects. In this study, we explored the impact of nivalenol on the porcine oocyte maturation and its possible mechanisms. The extrusion of the first polar body was significantly inhibited after incubating oocytes with nivalenol. Meanwhile, nivalenol exposure led to the abnormal distribution of mitochondria, aberrant calcium concentration and the reduction of membrane potential caused a significant decrease in the capacity of mitochondria to generate ATP. In addition, nivalenol induced oxidative stress, and the level of ROS was significantly increased in the nivalenol-treated group, which was confirmed by the perturbation of oxidative stress-related genes. We found that nivalenol-treated oocytes showed positive Annexin-V and γH2A.X signals, indicating the occurrence of apoptosis and DNA damage. In all, our data suggest that nivalenol disrupted porcine oocyte maturation through its effects on mitochondria-related oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meng-Yao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shi-Yi Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Mei-Feng Zheng
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Li Qin
- Reproductive Medicine, Guangxi Medical and Health Key Discipline Construction Project, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China.
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Sadeghi Z, Cerulli A, Marzocco S, Moridi Farimani M, Masullo M, Piacente S. Anti-inflammatory Activity of Tanshinone-Related Diterpenes from Perovskia artemisioides Roots. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:812-821. [PMID: 37040078 PMCID: PMC10152488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Perovskia artemisioides is a perennial and aromatic plant widely distributed in the Baluchestan region of Iran. Phytochemical analysis of a n-hexane extract of P. artemisioides roots, guided by an analytical approach based on LC-ESI/LTQOrbitrap/MS/MS, yielded six previously undescribed diterpenoid compounds (2, 9-11, 16, and 20), and 19 known diterpenoids, for which the structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Some of the isolated compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory activity using J774A.1 macrophage cells stimulated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. In particular, compounds 6, 8, 17, 18, 20, and 22 significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide and the expression of related pro-inflammatory enzymes, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloxygenase-2. Moreover, two compounds that showed the highest activity in reducing nitric oxide release (6 and 18) were tested to evaluate their effects on nitrotyrosine formation and reactive oxygen species release. Both compounds inhibited ROS release and, in particular, compound 6 also inhibited nitrotyrosine formation at all tested concentrations, thus indicating a significant antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadeghi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonietta Cerulli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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6
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Garofalo M, Payros D, Penary M, Oswald E, Nougayrède JP, Oswald IP. A novel toxic effect of foodborne trichothecenes: The exacerbation of genotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120625. [PMID: 36410598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichothecenes (TCT) are very common mycotoxins. While the effects of DON, the most prevalent TCT, have been extensively studied, less is known about the effect of other trichothecenes. DON has ribotoxic, pro-inflammatory, and cytotoxic potential and induces multiple toxic effects in humans and animals. Although DON is not genotoxic by itself, it has recently been shown that this toxin exacerbates the genotoxicity induced by model or bacterial genotoxins. Here, we show that five TCT, namely T-2 toxin (T-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon-X (FX), and the newly discovered NX toxin, also exacerbate the DNA damage inflicted by various genotoxins. The exacerbation was dose dependent and observed with phleomycin, a model genotoxin, captan, a pesticide with genotoxic potential, and colibactin, a bacterial genotoxin produced by the intestinal microbiota. For this newly described effect, the trichothecenes ranked in the following order: T-2>DAS > FX > NIV ≥ DON ≥ NX. The genotoxic exacerbating effect of TCT correlated with their ribotoxic potential, as measured by the inhibition of protein synthesis. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that TCT, which are not genotoxic by themselves, exacerbate DNA damage induced by various genotoxins. Therefore, foodborne TCT could enhance the carcinogenic potential of genotoxins present in the diet or produced by intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Garofalo
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Payros
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France; IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Penary
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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7
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Kwon JE, Jo SH, Song WS, Lee JS, Jeon HJ, Park JH, Kim YR, Baek JH, Kim MG, Kwon SY, Kim JS, Yang YH, Kim YG. Investigation of metabolic crosstalk between host and pathogenic Clostridioides difficile via multiomics approaches. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:971739. [PMID: 36118584 PMCID: PMC9478559 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.971739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that causes antibiotic-associated infections in the gut. C. difficile infection develops in the intestine of a host with an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota and, in severe cases, can lead to toxic megacolon, intestinal perforation, and even death. Despite its severity and importance, however, the lack of a model to understand host-pathogen interactions and the lack of research results on host cell effects and response mechanisms under C. difficile infection remain limited. Here, we developed an in vitro anaerobic-aerobic C. difficile infection model that enables direct interaction between human gut epithelial cells and C. difficile through the Mimetic Intestinal Host–Microbe Interaction Coculture System. Additionally, an integrative multiomics approach was applied to investigate the biological changes and response mechanisms of host cells caused by C. difficile in the early stage of infection. The C. difficile infection model was validated through the induction of disaggregation of the actin filaments and disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier as the toxin-mediated phenotypes following infection progression. In addition, an upregulation of stress-induced chaperones and an increase in the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway were identified in response to protein stress that occurred in the early stage of infection, and downregulation of proteins contained in the electron transfer chain and ATP synthase was observed. It has been demonstrated that host cell energy metabolism is inhibited through the glycolysis of Caco-2 cells and the reduction of metabolites belonging to the TCA cycle. Taken together, our C. difficile infection model suggests a new biological response pathway in the host cell induced by C. difficile during the early stage of infection at the molecular level under anaerobic-aerobic conditions. Therefore, this study has the potential to be applied to the development of future therapeutics through basic metabolic studies of C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Suk Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeon Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Rim Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Baek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yun-Gon Kim,
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Kumar P, Mahato DK, Gupta A, Pandey S, Paul V, Saurabh V, Pandey AK, Selvakumar R, Barua S, Kapri M, Kumar M, Kaur C, Tripathi AD, Gamlath S, Kamle M, Varzakas T, Agriopoulou S. Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080527. [PMID: 36006189 PMCID: PMC9413460 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that infect a wide range of foods worldwide. Nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecene produced by numerous Fusarium species, has the ability to infect a variety of foods both in the field and during post-harvest handling and management. NIV is frequently found in cereal and cereal-based goods, and its strong cytotoxicity poses major concerns for both human and animal health. To address these issues, this review briefly overviews the sources, occurrence, chemistry and biosynthesis of NIV. Additionally, a brief overview of several sophisticated detection and management techniques is included, along with the implications of processing and environmental factors on the formation of NIV. This review’s main goal is to offer trustworthy and current information on NIV as a mycotoxin concern in foods, with potential mitigation measures to assure food safety and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India;
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (D.K.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Akansha Gupta
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.G.); (S.P.); (V.P.); (A.D.T.)
| | - Surabhi Pandey
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.G.); (S.P.); (V.P.); (A.D.T.)
| | - Veena Paul
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.G.); (S.P.); (V.P.); (A.D.T.)
| | - Vivek Saurabh
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Arun Kumar Pandey
- Food Science and Technology, MMICT & BM(HM) Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India;
| | - Raman Selvakumar
- Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Sreejani Barua
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India;
| | - Mandira Kapri
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology (CRDT), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD), New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India;
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.S.); (C.K.)
| | - Abhishek Dutt Tripathi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.G.); (S.P.); (V.P.); (A.D.T.)
| | - Shirani Gamlath
- CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (D.K.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Madhu Kamle
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli 791109, India;
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece;
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (S.A.)
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9
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Li J, Wang Y, Deng Y, Wang X, Wu W, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Toxic mechanisms of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol on protein synthesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113044. [PMID: 35452771 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The toxic mechanisms of trichothecenes, including T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON), are closely related with their effects on protein synthesis. Increasing lines of evidence show that T-2 toxin can reduce the levels of tight junction proteins, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by disrupting cellular barriers and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) and Nrf2/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathways. Moreover, it can inhibit aggrecan synthesis, thus causing Kashin-Beck disease. Regarding type B trichothecene, DON inhibits activation marker and β-catenin synthesis by acting on immune cells and the wingless/integrated (Wnt) pathway; it also inhibits cell proliferation and immune surveillance. In addition, DON has been shown to destroy tight junctions, glucose transport, and tumor endothelial marker 8, thus disturbing intestinal function and changing cell migration. This review summarizes the inhibitory effects of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and DON on different protein synthesis, while discussing their underlying mechanisms. Focus is given to the effects of these toxins on tight junctions, aggrecan, activation markers, and hormones including testosterone under the influence of steroidogenic enzymes. This review can extend the current understanding of the effects of trichothecenes on protein synthesis and help to further understand their toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yating Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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10
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Wang Y, Pan ZN, Xing CH, Zhang HL, Sun SC. Nivalenol affects spindle formation and organelle functions during mouse oocyte maturation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 436:115882. [PMID: 35016910 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte maturation is essential for fertilization and early embryo development, and proper organelle functions guarantee this process to maintain high-quality oocytes. The type B trichothecene nivalenol (NIV) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium oxysporum and is commonly found in contaminated food. NIV intake affect growth, the immune system, and the female reproductive system. Here, we investigated NIV toxicity on mouse oocyte quality. Transcriptome analysis results showed that NIV exposure altered the expression of multiple genes involved in spindle formation and organelle function in mouse oocytes, indicating its toxicity on mouse oocyte maturation. Further analysis indicated that NIV exposure disrupted spindle structure and chromosome alignment, possibly through tubulin acetylation. NIV exposure induced aberrant mitochondria distribution and reduced mitochondria number, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), and ATP levels. In addition, NIV caused the abnormal distribution of the Golgi apparatus and altered the expression of the vesicle trafficking protein Rab11. ER distribution was also disturbed under NIV exposure, indicating the effects of NIV on protein modification and transport in oocytes. Thus, our results demonstrated that NIV exposure affected spindle structure and organelles function in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chun-Hua Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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11
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Neurotoxic Potential of Deoxynivalenol in Murine Brain Cell Lines and Primary Hippocampal Cultures. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010048. [PMID: 35051025 PMCID: PMC8778863 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) from grain-based food and feed affects human and animal health. Known consequences include entereopathogenic and immunotoxic defects; however, the neurotoxic potential of DON has only come into focus more recently due to the observation of behavioural disorders in exposed farm animals. DON can cross the blood-brain barrier and interfere with the homeostasis/functioning of the nervous system, but the underlying mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here, we have investigated the impact of DON on mouse astrocyte and microglia cell lines, as well as on primary hippocampal cultures by analysing different toxicological endpoints. We found that DON has an impact on the viability of both glial cell types, as shown by a significant decrease of metabolic activity, and a notable cytotoxic effect, which was stronger in the microglia. In astrocytes, DON caused a G1 phase arrest in the cell cycle and a decrease of cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α was secreted in the microglia in response to DON exposure. Furthermore, the intermediate filaments of the astrocytic cytoskeleton were disturbed in primary hippocampal cultures, and the dendrite lengths of neurons were shortened. The combined results indicated DON’s considerable potential to interfere with the brain cell physiology, which helps explain the observed in vivo neurotoxicological effects.
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12
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Wang Y, Xing CH, Zhang HL, Pan ZN, Sun SC. Exposure to nivalenol declines mouse oocyte quality via inducing oxidative stress-related apoptosis and DNA damage†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1474-1483. [PMID: 34505141 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte quality is critical for fertilization and early embryo development. The type B trichothecene nivalenol (NIV) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium oxysporum, and it is commonly found with deoxynivalenol in contaminated food or feed. NIV has been shown to affect the immune system and female reproductive system, cause emesis and growth retardation. Here, we investigated the toxicity of NIV on mouse oocyte quality, as well as the protective effects of melatonin on the NIV-exposed oocytes. We found NIV exposure caused meiotic arrest and further induced the failure of polar body extrusion in mouse oocytes. Transcriptome analysis data showed that NIV exposure altered the expression of multiple pathway-related genes in oocytes, indicating its wide toxicity on oocyte maturation. Based on the RNA-seq data, we showed that NIV exposure induced oxidative stress and caused DNA damage in oocytes. Besides, autophagy, and early apoptosis were also found in NIV-exposed oocytes. Treatment with melatonin significantly ameliorated these defects through its effects on ROS level. Thus, our results demonstrated that exposure to NIV affected oocyte quality and melatonin treatment could reduce the defects caused by NIV in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chun-Hua Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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13
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Payros D, Alassane-Kpembi I, Laffitte J, Lencina C, Neves M, Bracarense AP, Pinton P, Ménard S, Oswald IP. Dietary Exposure to the Food Contaminant Deoxynivalenol Triggers Colonic Breakdown by Activating the Mitochondrial and the Death Receptor Pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100191. [PMID: 34626057 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The food contamination by mycotoxins is of increasing public health concerns. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin contaminating cereals, has been associated with the exacerbation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), thereby raising the question of its role in the development of IBD. Moreover, the effect of DON on the colon is poorly described. METHODS AND RESULTS Wistar rats exposed (1-4 weeks) to low doses of DON (2 or 9 mg kg-1 feed) show microscopic alterations of colonic tissue (dilated lymphatic vessels, luminal debris, and cubic and flattened enterocytes). Ingestion of DON also alters colonic functions by increasing paracellular permeability while reducing the expression of the tight junction proteins and increased apoptosis in colonic tissue. Pro-apoptotic factors Bax/Bak, cytochrome C, and caspase 9 are upregulated, whereas expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 tends to decrease for the mitochondrial pathway. An increased expression of FasR and caspase-8 is observed for the extrinsic pathway. An increase in the pro-inflammatory markers TNFα, IL-17, and myeloperoxidase is also observed. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the dietary exposure to low levels of DON in food targets the colon inducing a health-threatening breakdown of the colonic barrier, highlighting oral exposure to DON as a potential risk factor in triggering IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Payros
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France.,Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, IRSD, Toulouse, France
| | - Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200, Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Joelle Laffitte
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France
| | - Corine Lencina
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France
| | - Manon Neves
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France
| | - Ana Paula Bracarense
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Londrina, Parana, CP 6001, Brazil
| | - Philippe Pinton
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France
| | - Sandrine Ménard
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France.,Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, IRSD, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Research center in Food Toxicology, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS, Toxalim, Toulouse, F-31027, France
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14
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Del Favero G, Zeugswetter M, Kiss E, Marko D. Endoplasmic Reticulum Adaptation and Autophagic Competence Shape Response to Fluid Shear Stress in T24 Bladder Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:647350. [PMID: 34012396 PMCID: PMC8126838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.647350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of xenobiotics and waste metabolites in the urinary bladder is constantly accompanied by shear stress originating from the movement of the luminal fluids. Hence, both chemical and physical cues constantly modulate the cellular response in health and disease. In line, bladder cells have to maintain elevated mechanosensory competence together with chemical stress response adaptation potential. However, much of the molecular mechanisms sustaining this plasticity is currently unknown. Taking this as a starting point, we investigated the response of T24 urinary bladder cancer cells to shear stress comparing morphology to functional performance. T24 cells responded to the shear stress protocol (flow speed of 0.03 ml/min, 3 h) by significantly increasing their surface area. When exposed to deoxynivalenol-3-sulfate (DON-3-Sulf), bladder cells increased this response in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1-1 µM). DON-3-Sulf is a urinary metabolite of a very common food contaminant mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol, DON) and was already described to enhance proliferation of cancer cells. Incubation with DON-3-Sulf also caused the enlargement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), decreased the lysosomal movement, and increased the formation of actin stress fibers. Similar remodeling of the endoplasmic reticulum and area spread after shear stress were observed upon incubation with the autophagy activator rapamycin (1-100 nM). Performance of experiments in the presence of chloroquine (chloroquine, 30 μM) further contributed to shed light on the mechanistic link between adaptation to the biomechanical stimulation and ER stress response. At the molecular level, we observed that ER reshaping was linked to actin organization, with the two components mutually regulating each other. Indeed, we identified in the ER stress-cytoskeletal rearrangement an important axis defining the physical/chemical response potential of bladder cells and created a workflow for further investigation of urinary metabolites, food constituents, and contaminants, as well as for pharmacological profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Zeugswetter
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Zingales V, Fernández-Franzón M, Ruiz MJ. Occurrence, mitigation and in vitro cytotoxicity of nivalenol, a type B trichothecene mycotoxin - Updates from the last decade (2010-2020). Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112182. [PMID: 33838177 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present review aims to give an overview of the literature of the last decade (2010-2020) concerning the occurrence of the type B trichothecene mycotoxin nivalenol (NIV) and its in vitro toxicity, with the purpose of updating information regarding last researches on this mycotoxin. The most recent studies on the possible methods for preventing Fusarium spp. growth and NIV production are also discussed. Recently, various environmental factors have been shown to influence strongly NIV occurrence. However, Fusarium spp. of the NIV genotype have been found almost worldwide. With regard to NIV cytotoxicity, NIV has been reported to cause a marked decrease in cell proliferation in different mammalian cells. In particular, the recent data suggest that organs containing actively proliferating cells represent the main targets of NIV. Moreover, NIV resulted to cause immunosuppression, gastrointestinal toxicity and genotoxicity. However, sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is currently lacking, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies it as a group 3 carcinogen. Further researches and the discovery of effective treatment strategies to prevent NIV contamination and to counteract its toxicity are urgently required against this common food-borne threat to human health and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zingales
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mónica Fernández-Franzón
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Valencia, Spain
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16
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The Compromised Intestinal Barrier Induced by Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12100619. [PMID: 32998222 PMCID: PMC7600953 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites that occur in human foods and animal feeds, potentially threatening human and animal health. The intestine is considered as the first barrier against these external contaminants, and it consists of interconnected physical, chemical, immunological, and microbial barriers. In this context, based on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, we summarize the literature for compromised intestinal barrier issues caused by various mycotoxins, and we reviewed events related to disrupted intestinal integrity (physical barrier), thinned mucus layer (chemical barrier), imbalanced inflammatory factors (immunological barrier), and dysfunctional bacterial homeostasis (microbial barrier). We also provide important information on deoxynivalenol, a leading mycotoxin implicated in intestinal dysfunction, and other adverse intestinal effects induced by other mycotoxins, including aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. In addition, intestinal perturbations caused by mycotoxins may also contribute to the development of mycotoxicosis, including human chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we provide a clear understanding of compromised intestinal barrier induced by mycotoxins, with a view to potentially develop innovative strategies to prevent and treat mycotoxicosis. In addition, because of increased combinatorial interactions between mycotoxins, we explore the interactive effects of multiple mycotoxins in this review.
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17
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Mu H, Mu P, Zhu W, Huang B, Li H, Yuan L, Deng Y. Low doses of deoxynivalenol inhibit the cell migration mediated by H3K27me3-targeted downregulation of TEM8 expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113897. [PMID: 32135158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by multipleFusariumspecies that often contaminates cereals and threatens human and animal health. A wide range of cytotoxic effects, such as the induction of DNA damage, an increase in mitochondrial permeability and the inhibition of macromolecule synthesis, have been reported. However, the effects of DON on cell migration-a fundamental process in living cells critical for normal development, immune responses, and disease processes-and the mechanism underlying these effects are still unclear. Here, we showed that DONsignificantly inhibited the migration of MRC-5, CCD-18Co, HCT116 and WM793 cells at 50 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml, 400 ng/ml and 250 ng/ml, respectively, which maintained cell viability at 90%. Further analysis showed that DON inhibited the expression of tumour endothelial marker 8 (TEM8), a key gene in cell migration. Furthermore, we showed that DON inhibited the expression of TEM8 through increasing the level of H3K27me3 in the TEM8 promoter. Finally, overexpression of TEM8 or treating by H3K27me3-specific inhibitor GSK126 attenuated the inhibitory effect of DON on cell migration. In summary, low doses of DON at approximately dietary exposure significantly inhibited cell migration by downregulating the expression of TEM8 in a manner mediated by H3K27me3, which may generate increasing concerns for the risk of DON exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Peiqiang Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Wenya Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Boyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Liping Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, PR China.
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18
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Ji X, Zheng W, Yao W. Protective Role of Hydrogen Gas on Oxidative Damage and Apoptosis in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells (IPEC-J2) Induced by Deoxynivalenol: A Preliminary Study. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 12:E5. [PMID: 31861743 PMCID: PMC7020398 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the protective role of hydrogen gas (H2) on oxidative damage and apoptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) induced by deoxynivalenol (DON), cells were assigned to four treatment groups, including control, 5 μM DON, H2-saturated medium, and 5 μM DON + H2-saturated medium treatments. After 12 h of different treatments, the cell viability, biomarkers of cell redox states, and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis were observed and detected. Furthermore, caspase-3 and Bax protein expressions were measured by Western blot analysis. Our results demonstrated that the 5 μM DON significantly caused cytotoxicity to IPEC-J2 cells by reducing cell viability and increasing lactate dehydrogenase release in culture supernatants. Moreover, DON treatments significantly increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 3-nitrotyrosine, and malonaldehyde; however, they decreased total superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and downregulated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression related to antioxidant enzymes in cells. The 5 μM DON treatment also downregulated Bcl-2 expression and upregulated caspase-3 and Bax expression. However, the H2-saturated medium significantly improved cell growth status and reversed the change of redox states and expression of genes and proteins related to apoptosis induced by DON in IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, H2 could protect IPEC-J2 cells from DON-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.J.); (W.Z.)
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.J.); (W.Z.)
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Yao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.J.); (W.Z.)
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
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19
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Deoxynivalenol Induces Intestinal Damage and Inflammatory Response through the Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway in Piglets. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11110663. [PMID: 31739564 PMCID: PMC6891563 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is highly toxic to animals and humans, but pigs are most sensitive to it. The porcine mucosal injury related mechanism of DON is not yet fully clarified. Here, we investigated DON-induced injury in the intestinal tissues of piglet. Thirty weanling piglets [(Duroc × Landrace) × Yorkshire] were randomly divided into three groups according to single factor experimental design (10 piglets each group). Piglets were fed a basal diet in the control group, while low and high dose groups were fed a DON diet (1300 and 2200 μg/kg, respectively) for 60 days. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the ultrastructure of intestinal epithelial cells in the DON-treated group was damaged. The distribution and optical density (OD) values of zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) protein in the intestinal tissues of DON-treated groups were decreased. At higher DON dosage, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA levels were elevated in the intestinal tissues. The mRNA and protein levels of NF-κB p65, IκB-α, IKKα/β, iNOS, and COX-2 in the small intestinal mucosa were abnormally altered with an increase in DON concentration. These results indicate that DON can persuade intestinal damage and inflammatory responses in piglets via the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.
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20
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Pepe G, Basilicata MG, Carrizzo A, Adesso S, Ostacolo C, Sala M, Sommella E, Ruocco M, Cascioferro S, Ambrosio M, Pisanti S, Di Sarno V, Bertamino A, Marzocco S, Vecchione C, Campiglia P. β-Lactoglobulin Heptapeptide Reduces Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Angiotensin II-Induced Vasoconstriction on Mouse Mesenteric Arteries by Induction of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Translocation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1616239. [PMID: 31814866 PMCID: PMC6877959 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1616239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptides derived from buffalo dairy products possess multiple healthy properties that cannot be exerted as long as they are encrypted in parent proteins. To evaluate the biological activities of encrypted peptide sequences from buffalo ricotta cheese, we performed a simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. Chemical and pharmacological characterization of the digest led to the identification of a novel peptide endowed with antioxidant and antihypertensive action. The GI digest was fractionated by Semiprep-HPLC, and fractions were tested against reactive oxygen species (ROS) release in an H2O2-treated intestinal epithelial cell line. UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of an abundant β-lactoglobulin peptide (BRP2) in the most active fraction. Pharmacological characterization of BRP2 highlighted its antioxidant activity, involving ROS reduction, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, and cytoprotective enzyme expression. The bioavailability of BRP2 was evaluated in intestinal transport studies through a Caco-2 cell monolayer. Equal bidirectional transport and linear permeability indicate that BRP2 was absorbed mainly through passive diffusion. In addition to its local effects, the BRP2 administration on mouse mesenteric arteries was able to reduce the angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction by the Nrf2 nuclear translocation, the reduction of the active form of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), and the NADPH oxidase activity. These data further highlight the role of buffalo ricotta cheese-derived peptides against oxidative stress-related diseases and suggest their health-promoting potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovanna Basilicata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Simona Adesso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, NA, Italy
| | - Marina Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ruocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, PA, Italy
| | | | - Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Carmine Vecchione
- IRCCS Neuromed, Loc. Camerelle, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, SA, Italy
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21
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Adesso S, Ruocco M, Rapa SF, Piaz FD, Raffaele Di Iorio B, Popolo A, Autore G, Nishijima F, Pinto A, Marzocco S. Effect of Indoxyl Sulfate on the Repair and Intactness of Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species' Release. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092280. [PMID: 31072046 PMCID: PMC6539031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by an oxidative stress status, driving some CKD-associated complications, even at the gastrointestinal level. Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin, poorly eliminated by dialysis. This toxin is able to affect the intestinal system, but its molecular mechanism/s in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) remain poorly understood. This study's aim was to evaluate the effect of IS (31.2-250 µM) on oxidative stress in IEC-6 cells and on the intactness of IECs monolayers. Our results indicated that IS enhanced oxidative cell damage by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, reducing the antioxidant response and affecting Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation as well its related antioxidant enzymes. In the wound healing assay model, IS reduced IEC-6 migration, slightly impaired actin cytoskeleton rearrangement; this effect was associated with connexin 43 alteration. Moreover, we reported the effect of CKD patients' sera in IEC-6 cells. Our results indicated that patient sera induced ROS release in IEC-6 cells directly related to IS sera content and this effect was reduced by AST-120 serum treatment. Results highlighted the effect of IS in inducing oxidative stress in IECs and in impairing the intactness of the IECs cell monolayer, thus significantly contributing to CKD-associated intestinal alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Adesso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Marco Ruocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Shara Francesca Rapa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | | | - Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Fuyu Nishijima
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Kureha Corporation, 169-8503 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Aldo Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, I-84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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22
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Ying C, Hong W, Nianhui Z, Chunlei W, Kehe H, Cuiling P. Nontoxic concentrations of OTA aggravate DON-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in IPEC-J2 cells via activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2019; 311:114-124. [PMID: 31026484 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is well-known enteropathogenic mycotoxin which can alter intestinal barrier functions. Consistently, Ochratoxin A (OTA) ingestion has been found to induce intestinal injuries, including inflammation and diarrhea. However, little is known whether OTA aggravates DON-induced toxicity. This study is designed to explore the effects of OTA on DON-induced intestinal barrier function and involved mechanism. Our results showed either DON or OTA could disrupt intestinal barrier function in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased paracellular permeability to 4 kDa dextran. However, to eliminate the involvement of cell death, nonlethal concentrations of DON and OTA were used in following experiments. The nontoxic concentration of OTA was observed to aggravate DON-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, accompanied with tight junction disruption (Claudin-3 and Claudin-4). Moreover, nontoxic concentrations of OTA aggravated DON-induced up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in IPEC-J2 cells. Adding NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) alleviated the aggravating effects of nontoxic concentrations of OTA on DON-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation. These findings indicate that nontoxic concentrations of OTA promoted DON-induced barrier dysfunction via NF-κB signaling pathway. Our experiment suggests that exposure to nontoxic concentrations of toxins also poses potentially harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ying
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wang Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhai Nianhui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wang Chunlei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huang Kehe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Pan Cuiling
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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23
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Del Favero G, Zaharescu R, Marko D. Functional impairment triggered by altertoxin II (ATXII) in intestinal cells in vitro: cross-talk between cytotoxicity and mechanotransduction. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:3535-3547. [PMID: 30276433 PMCID: PMC6290659 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal cells are able to continuously integrate response to multiple stimuli/stressors; these include the concomitant activation of “chemically driven” pathways, of paramount importance in the response to toxicants, as well as physical stimulation derived from motility. Altertoxin II (ATXII, 0.1, 1 and 10 µM), a mycotoxin produced by the food contaminant fungus Alternaria alternata was studied in HT-29 intestinal adenocarcinoma cells and in non-transformed intestinal epithelial cells, HCEC. One-hour incubation with ATXII was sufficient to trigger irreversible cytotoxicity in both cell types, as well as to modify cellular responses to concomitant pro-oxidant challenge (H2O2, 100–500 µM, DCF-DA assay) suggesting that even relatively short-time exposure of the intestinal cells could be sufficient to alter their functionality. Combination of ATXII (1 µM) with physical stimulation typical of the intestinal compartment (shear stress) revealed differential response of tumor-derived epithelial cells HT-29 in comparison to HCEC, in particular in the localization of the transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2-related factor 2). Moreover, ATXII reduced the migratory potential of HCEC as well as their membrane fluidity, but had no respective impact on HT-29 cells. Taken together, ATXII appeared to alter predominantly membrane functionality in HCEC thus hampering crucial functions for cellular motility/turnover, as well as barrier function of healthy intestinal cells and had very limited activity on the tumor counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ronita Zaharescu
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Del Favero G, Woelflingseder L, Janker L, Neuditschko B, Seriani S, Gallina P, Sbaizero O, Gerner C, Marko D. Deoxynivalenol induces structural alterations in epidermoid carcinoma cells A431 and impairs the response to biomechanical stimulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11351. [PMID: 30054545 PMCID: PMC6063857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphology together with the capability to respond to surrounding stimuli are key elements governing the spatial interaction of living cells with the environment. In this respect, biomechanical stimulation can trigger significant physiological cascades that can potentially modulate toxicity. Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. and it was used to explore the delicate interaction between biomechanical stimulation and cytotoxicity in A431 cells. In fact, in addition of being a food contaminant, DON is a relevant toxin for several organ systems. The combination between biomechanical stimulation and the mycotoxin revealed how DON can impair crucial functions affecting cellular morphology, tubulin and lysosomes at concentrations even below those known to be cytotoxic in routine toxicity studies. Sub-toxic concentrations of DON (0.1-1 μM) impaired the capability of A431 cells to respond to a biomechanical stimulation that normally sustains trophic effects in these cells. Moreover, the effects of DON (0.1-10 μM) were partially modulated by the application of uniaxial stretching (0.5 Hz, 24 h, 15% deformation). Ultimately, proteomic analysis revealed the potential of DON to alter several proteins necessary for cell adhesion and cytoskeletal modulation suggesting a molecular link between biomechanics and the cytotoxic potential of the mycotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lydia Woelflingseder
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Neuditschko
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefano Seriani
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste Via A, Valerio 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Robotik und Mechatronik Zentrum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Paolo Gallina
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste Via A, Valerio 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste Via A, Valerio 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Adesso S, Russo R, Quaroni A, Autore G, Marzocco S. Astragalus membranaceus Extract Attenuates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via NF-κB Activation and Nrf2 Response. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E800. [PMID: 29534459 PMCID: PMC5877661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus, dried root extract, also known as Astragali radix, is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic remedy. Moreover, it has been reported that Astragalus membranaceus could attenuate intestinal inflammation; however, the underlying mechanism for its anti-inflammatory activity in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated Astragalus membranaceus extract (5-100 µg/mL) in a model of inflammation and oxidative stress for IECs. We showed that Astragalus membranaceus extract reduced the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide from E. coli (LPS) plus interferon-γ (IFN), decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release, cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nitrotyrosine formation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release in the non-tumorigenic intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6). The antioxidant potential of Astragalus membranaceus extract was also evaluated in a model of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress in IEC-6, indicating that this extract reduced ROS release and increased nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) activation and the expression of antioxidant cytoprotective factors in these cells. The results contributed to clarify the mechanisms involved in Astragalus membranaceus extract-reduced inflammation and highlighted the potential use of this extract as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant remedy for intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Adesso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno-Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano-Salerno, Italy.
| | - Rosario Russo
- Giellepi S.p.A. Health Science Department, Via Benvenuto Cellini 37, 20851 Lissone (Monza Brianza), Italy.
| | - Andrea Quaroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Veterinary Research Tower, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA.
| | - Giuseppina Autore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno-Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano-Salerno, Italy.
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno-Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132-84084 Fisciano-Salerno, Italy.
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26
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Du Z, Kim KH, Kim J, Moon Y. Fungal Deoxynivalenol-Induced Enterocyte Distress Is Attenuated by Adulterated Adlay: In Vitro Evidences for Mucoactive Counteraction. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29527203 PMCID: PMC5829524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adlay is a cereal crop that has long been used as traditional herbal medicine and as a highly nourishing food. However, deoxynivalenol (DON), the most prevalent trichothecene mycotoxin worldwide, frequently spoils grains, including adlay, via fungal infection. On the basis of an assumption that the actions of DON in the gut could be modified by adlay consumption, we simulated the impacts of co-exposure in enterocytes and investigated the effectiveness of treatment with adlay for reducing the risk of DON-induced inflammation and epithelia barrier injury. In particular, adlay suppressed DON-induced pro-inflammatory signals such as mitogen-activated kinase transduction and the epidermal growth factor receptor-linked pathway. In addition to regulation of pro-inflammatory responses, adlay treatment interfered with DON-induced disruption of the epithelial barrier. Mechanistically, adlay could boost the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and cytosolic translocation of human antigen R (HuR) protein, which played critical roles in the epithelial restitution, resulting in protection against disruption of enterocyte barrier integrity. Notably, DON abrogated the Ras homolog gene family member A GTPase-mediated actin cytoskeletal network, which was diminished by adlay treatment in PKC and HuR-dependent ways. Taken together, this study provides evidences for adlay-based attenuation of trichothecene-induced gut distress, implicating potential use of a new gut protector against enteropathogenic insults in diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Du
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ki Hyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.,Program of Intelligent Food Health Sciences and Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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27
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Liao Y, Peng Z, Chen L, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Yang W. Deoxynivalenol, gut microbiota and immunotoxicity: A potential approach? Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 112:342-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Alassane-Kpembi I, Schatzmayr G, Taranu I, Marin D, Puel O, Oswald IP. Mycotoxins co-contamination: Methodological aspects and biological relevance of combined toxicity studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3489-3507. [PMID: 26918653 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1140632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites produced mainly by Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium. As evidenced by large-scale surveys, humans and animals are simultaneously exposed to several mycotoxins. Simultaneous exposure could result in synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects. However, most toxicity studies addressed the effects of mycotoxins separately. We present the experimental designs and we discuss the conclusions drawn from in vitro experiments exploring toxicological interactions of mycotoxins. We report more than 80 publications related to mycotoxin interactions. The studies explored combinations involving the regulated groups of mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone and trichothecenes, but also the "emerging" mycotoxins beauvericin and enniatins. Over 50 publications are based on the arithmetic model of additivity. Few studies used the factorial designs or the theoretical biology-based models of additivity. The latter approaches are gaining increased attention. These analyses allow determination of the type of interaction and, optionally, its magnitude. The type of interaction reported for mycotoxin combinations depended on several factors, in particular cell models and the tested dose ranges. However, synergy among Fusarium toxins was highlighted in several studies. This review indicates that well-addressed in vitro studies remain valuable tools for the screening of interactive potential in mycotoxin mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- a Toxalim , Research Centre in Food Toxicology Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS , Toulouse , France.,b Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Camp Guézo , Cotonou , Bénin
| | | | - Ionelia Taranu
- d National Institute for Research and Development in Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucuresti , Balotesti , Romania
| | - Daniela Marin
- d National Institute for Research and Development in Animal Biology and Nutrition (IBNA), Calea Bucuresti , Balotesti , Romania
| | - Olivier Puel
- a Toxalim , Research Centre in Food Toxicology Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS , Toulouse , France
| | - Isabelle Paule Oswald
- a Toxalim , Research Centre in Food Toxicology Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP- PURPAN, UPS , Toulouse , France
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29
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The Food Contaminants Nivalenol and Deoxynivalenol Induce Inflammation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Release. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121343. [PMID: 29232919 PMCID: PMC5748793 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium mycotoxins are fungal metabolites whose ability to affect cereal grains as multi-contaminants is progressively increasing. The trichothecene mycotoxins nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are often found in almost all agricultural commodities worldwide. They are able to affect animal and human health, including at the intestinal level. In this study, NIV, both alone and in combination with DON, induced inflammation and increased the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus Interferon-γ (IFN) in the non-tumorigenic intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC-6). The inflammatory response induced by NIV and DON involves tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, nitrotyrosine formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and inflammasome activation. The pro-inflammatory effect was strongly induced by NIV and by the mycotoxin mixture, when compared to DON alone. Mechanistic studies indicate a pivotal role for ROS in the observed pro-inflammatory effects induced by mycotoxins. In this study, the interactions between NIV and DON point out the importance of their food co-contamination, further highlighting the risk assessment process that is of growing concern.
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Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Crystallographic Studies of N-Palmitoyl-ethanol Amine (PEA) Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040616. [PMID: 28398240 PMCID: PMC6154659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Palmitoyl-ethanolamine (PEA) is an anti-inflammatory component of egg yolk that is usually employed for the prevention of respiratory apparatus virus infection and then frequently used for its efficient anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in experimental models of visceral, neuropathic, and inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, data of its use in animal or human therapy are still scarce and further studies are needed. Herein, we report the biological evaluation of a small library of N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine analogues or derivatives, characterized by a protected acid function (either as palmitoyl amides or hexadecyl esters), useful to decrease their hydrolysis rate in vitro and prolong their biological activity. Two of these compounds—namely phenyl-carbamic acid hexadecyl ester (4) and 2-methyl-pentadecanoic acid (4-nitro-phenyl)-amide (5)—have shown good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, without affecting the viability of J774A.1 macrophages. Finally, crystals suitable for X-ray analysis of compound 4 have been obtained, and its solved crystal structure is here reported. Our outcomes may be helpful for a rational drug design based on new PEA analogues/derivatives with improved biological properties.
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Akbari P, Braber S, Varasteh S, Alizadeh A, Garssen J, Fink-Gremmels J. The intestinal barrier as an emerging target in the toxicological assessment of mycotoxins. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:1007-1029. [PMID: 27417439 PMCID: PMC5316402 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, the secondary metabolites of fungal species, are the most frequently occurring natural food contaminants in human and animal diets. Risk assessment of mycotoxins focused as yet on their mutagenic, genotoxic and potential carcinogenic effects. Recently, there is an increasing awareness of the adverse effects of various mycotoxins on vulnerable structures in the intestines. In particular, an impairment of the barrier function of the epithelial lining cells and the sealing tight junction proteins has been noted, as this could result in an increased translocation of luminal antigens and pathogens and an excessive activation of the immune system. The current review aims to provide a summary of the available evidence regarding direct effects of various mycotoxins on the intestinal epithelial barrier. Available data, based on different cellular and animal studies, show that food-associated exposure to certain mycotoxins, especially trichothecenes and patulin, affects the intestinal barrier integrity and can result in an increased translocation of harmful stressors. It is therefore hypothesized that human exposure to certain mycotoxins, particularly deoxynivalenol, as the major trichothecene, may play an important role in etiology of various chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, and in the prevalence of food allergies, particularly in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Akbari
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Soheil Varasteh
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arash Alizadeh
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Fink-Gremmels
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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32
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Bracarense A, Basso K, Da Silva E, Payros D, Oswald I. Deoxynivalenol in the liver and lymphoid organs of rats: effects of dose and duration on immunohistological changes. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2017. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2016.2094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent type B trichothecenes present in food inducing adverse effects, including intestinal changes and immunosuppression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DON on rats exposed for 7, 14 and 28 days to mycotoxin-contaminated diets, using histological and immunohistochemical analyses on liver and lymphoid organs. Fifty rats received a control diet, or a diet contaminated with 1.75 mg/kg of DON for 30 days, or a diet contaminated with 11.4 mg/kg of DON for 7, 14 or 30 days. Ingestion of contaminated feed induced a significant increase in the lesional score in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. The main histological findings observed in the liver were cytoplasmic vacuolisation and hepatocelular megalocytosis. A significant increase in hepatocyte proliferation was observed in rats that received 1.75 mg/kg of DON. Lymphoid depletion was the main histological alteration observed in lymphoid organs, resulting in a significant increase in the lesional score in all groups that received the contaminated diets. The histological changes and lymphocyte apoptosis were more severe in lymph nodes of rats fed 11.4 mg/kg of DON during 30 days. The results of the morphological and immunohistochemical analyses suggest that the ingestion of DON can induce functional hepatic impairment and immunosuppression in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.P.F.L. Bracarense
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-990 Londrina, Brazil
| | - K.M. Basso
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-990 Londrina, Brazil
| | - E.O. Da Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-990 Londrina, Brazil
| | - D. Payros
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 31027 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UMR 1331 Toxalim, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - I.P. Oswald
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 31027 Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UMR 1331 Toxalim, 31076 Toulouse, France
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33
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Park SH, Kim J, Kim D, Moon Y. Mycotoxin detoxifiers attenuate deoxynivalenol-induced pro-inflammatory barrier insult in porcine enterocytes as an in vitro evaluation model of feed mycotoxin reduction. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 38:108-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Payros D, Alassane-Kpembi I, Pierron A, Loiseau N, Pinton P, Oswald IP. Toxicology of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2931-2957. [PMID: 27663890 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are the most frequently occurring natural contaminants in human and animal diet. Among them, deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Fusarium, is one of the most prevalent and thus represents an important health risk. Recent detection methods revealed new mycotoxins and new molecules derivated from the "native" mycotoxins. The main derivates of DON are the acetylated forms produced by the fungi (3- and 15-acetyl-DON), the biologically "modified" forms produced by the plant (deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucopyranoside), or after bacteria transformation (de-epoxy DON, 3-epi-DON and 3-keto-DON) as well as the chemically "modified" forms (norDON A-C and DON-sulfonates). High proportions of acetylated and modified forms of DON co-occur with DON, increasing the exposure and the health risk. DON and its acetylated and modified forms are rapidly absorbed following ingestion. At the molecular level, DON binds to the ribosome, induces a ribotoxic stress leading to the activation of MAP kinases, cellular cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. The toxic effects of DON include emesis and anorexia, alteration of intestinal and immune functions, reduced absorption of the nutrients as well as increased susceptibility to infection and chronic diseases. In contrast to DON, very little information exists concerning the acetylated and modified forms; some can be converted back to DON, their ability to bind to the ribosome and to induce cellular effects varies according to the toxin. Except for the acetylated forms, their toxicity and impact on human and animal health are poorly documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Payros
- Toxalim (Research center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Toxalim (Research center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alix Pierron
- Toxalim (Research center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.,BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Pinton
- Toxalim (Research center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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35
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Zhang ZQ, Wang SB, Wang RG, Zhang W, Wang PL, Su XO. Phosphoproteome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Deoxynivalenol-Induced Intestinal Toxicity in IPEC-J2 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100270. [PMID: 27669298 PMCID: PMC5086631 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a widespread trichothecene mycotoxin that commonly contaminates cereal crops and has various toxic effects in animals and humans. DON primarily targets the gastrointestinal tract, the first barrier against ingested food contaminants. In this study, an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based phosphoproteomic approach was employed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying DON-mediated intestinal toxicity in porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) exposed to 20 μM DON for 60 min. There were 4153 unique phosphopeptides, representing 389 phosphorylation sites, detected in 1821 phosphoproteins. We found that 289 phosphopeptides corresponding to 255 phosphoproteins were differentially phosphorylated in response to DON. Comprehensive Gene Ontology (GO) analysis combined with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed that, in addition to previously well-characterized mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, DON exposure altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and Janus kinase/signal transducer, and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathways. These pathways are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including apoptosis, the intestinal barrier, intestinal inflammation, and the intestinal absorption of glucose. DON-induced changes are likely to contribute to the intestinal dysfunction. Overall, identification of relevant signaling pathways yielded new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DON-induced intestinal toxicity, and might help in the development of improved mechanism-based risk assessments in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Song-Bo Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Rui-Guo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Pei-Long Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiao-Ou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
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36
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Abdus-Salaam R, Atanda O, Fanelli F, Sulyok M, Cozzi G, Bavaro S, Krska R, Logrieco AF, Ezekiel CN, Salami WA. Fungal isolates and metabolites in locally processed rice from five agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2016; 9:281-289. [PMID: 27595168 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2016.1215354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the distribution of fungal isolates and fungal metabolites that naturally contaminate locally processed rice from five agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. The fungal species were isolated by the dilution plate technique and identified by appropriate diagnostics, while metabolites were determined by a liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method. Aspergillus and Penicillium species were the predominant isolates found in the rice samples while Fusarium spp. were not isolated. The mean fungal count differed significantly (p < 0.05) across the zones and ranged from 9.98 × 102 cfu g-1 in the Southern Guinea Savannah to 96.97 × 102 cfu g-1 in the Derived Savannah. For 16 fungal metabolites, selected from 63 positively identified fungal metabolites based on their concentration and spread across the zones, an occurrence map was constructed. The Northern Guinea Savannah recorded the highest contamination of fungal metabolites while the Sudan Savannah zone recorded the least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rofiat Abdus-Salaam
- a Department of Food Technology , Lagos State Polytechnic , Ikorodu , Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Atanda
- b Department of Biological Sciences , McPherson University , Seriki Sotayo , Nigeria
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- c Institute of Sciences of Food Production , National Research Council , Bari , Italy
| | - Micheal Sulyok
- d Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) , Vienna , Austria
| | - Giuseppe Cozzi
- c Institute of Sciences of Food Production , National Research Council , Bari , Italy
| | - Simona Bavaro
- c Institute of Sciences of Food Production , National Research Council , Bari , Italy
| | - Rudolf Krska
- d Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) , Vienna , Austria
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- c Institute of Sciences of Food Production , National Research Council , Bari , Italy
| | - Chibundu N Ezekiel
- e Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology , Babcock University , Ilishan-Remo , Nigeria
| | - Waheed A Salami
- f Institute of Food security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research (IFSERAR) , Federal University of Agriculture , Abeokuta , Nigeria
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37
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Broekaert N, Devreese M, Demeyere K, Berthiller F, Michlmayr H, Varga E, Adam G, Meyer E, Croubels S. Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity of modified deoxynivalenol on porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 95:103-9. [PMID: 27338712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the first target after ingestion of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) via feed and food. Deoxynivalenol is known to affect the proliferation and viability of animal and human intestinal epithelial cells. In addition to DON, feed and food is often co-contaminated with modified forms of DON, such as 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15ADON) and deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucoside (DON3G). The goal of this study was to determine the in vitro intrinsic cytotoxicity of these modified forms towards differentiated and proliferative porcine intestinal epithelial cells by means of flow cytometry. Cell death was assessed by dual staining with Annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI), which allows the discrimination of viable (FITC-/PI-), apoptotic (FITC+/PI-) and necrotic cells (FITC+/PI+). Based on the data from the presented pilot in vitro study, it is concluded that cytotoxicity for proliferative cells can be ranked as follows: DON3G ≪ 3ADON < DON≈15ADON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Broekaert
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Franz Berthiller
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin-Metabolism, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Herbert Michlmayr
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin-Metabolism, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Adam
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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38
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Male D, Mitchell N, Wu W, Bursian S, Pestka J, Wu F. Modelling the anorectic potencies of food-borne trichothecenes by benchmark dose and incremental area under the curve methodology. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2015.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium spp. fungi produce a spectrum of trichothecene mycotoxins that often simultaneously contaminate cereal grains. These have the potential to contribute jointly to adverse effects such as anorexia and emesis. For the purposes of risk assessment and regulation, it is desirable to assign toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) to each of these trichothecenes, as has been successfully done for anthropogenic toxicants such as polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. As a first step towards this end, we employed a mouse model to compare the anorectic potencies of deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon-X (FUS-X), T-2 and HT-2 toxin (T-2 and HT-2) following oral exposure by gavage using two approaches. In the first approach, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) benchmark dose (BMD) method for continuous data was used to calculate the BMD relative to DON 2 h after dosing. The order of potency based on BMD values was: DON(1) ≈ 3-ADON(1) ≈ 15-ADON(1) < NIV(3) < HT-2(5) < FUS-X(9) << T-2(124). In a second approach, time course effects of each toxin at fixed doses were measured by calculating the incremental area under the curve (IAUC) over 16 h. DON caused significant feed refusal within the first 30 min after exposure, lasting only 3 h while for 3-ADON and 15-ADON, feed refusal lasted 6 h. NIV, FUS-X, T-2, and HT-2 toxins caused the longest duration of feed refusal, lasting up to 16 h. Based on IAUC values, the order of relative potency was as follows: DON(1) < 3-ADON(2) ≈ 15-ADON(2) < NIV(7) < FUS-X(10) << T-2(31) < HT-2(34). These results provide a foundation for developing consensus TEFs that will be amenable to future risk assessment of trichothecene mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Male
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - N.J. Mitchell
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - W. Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China P.R
| | - S. Bursian
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J. Pestka
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - F. Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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39
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Cheat S, Pinton P, Cossalter AM, Cognie J, Vilariño M, Callu P, Raymond-Letron I, Oswald IP, Kolf-Clauw M. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and nivalenol show in vivo synergism on jejunum enterocytes apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 87:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Masullo M, Montoro P, Autore G, Marzocco S, Pizza C, Piacente S. Quali-quantitative determination of triterpenic acids of Ziziphus jujuba fruits and evaluation of their capability to interfere in macrophages activation inhibiting NO release and iNOS expression. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Hassan YI, Watts C, Li XZ, Zhou T. A novel Peptide-binding motifs inference approach to understand deoxynivalenol molecular toxicity. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1989-2005. [PMID: 26043274 PMCID: PMC4488686 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7061989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecene mycotoxin that is commonly detected in cereals and grains world-wide. The low-tolerated levels of this mycotoxin, especially in mono-gastric animals, reflect its bio-potency. The toxicity of DON is conventionally attributed to its ability to inhibit ribosomal protein biosynthesis, but recent advances in molecular tools have elucidated novel mechanisms that further explain DON’s toxicological profile, complementing the diverse symptoms associated with its exposure. This article summarizes the recent findings related to novel mechanisms of DON toxicity as well as how structural modifications to DON alter its potency. In addition, it explores feasible ways of expanding our understating of DON-cellular targets and their roles in DON toxicity, clearance, and detoxification through the utilization of computational biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef I Hassan
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Christena Watts
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
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42
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Nivalenol induces oxidative stress and increases deoxynivalenol pro-oxidant effect in intestinal epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 285:118-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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43
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Cheat S, Gerez JR, Cognié J, Alassane-Kpembi I, Bracarense APFL, Raymond-Letron I, Oswald IP, Kolf-Clauw M. Nivalenol has a greater impact than deoxynivalenol on pig jejunum mucosa in vitro on explants and in vivo on intestinal loops. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:1945-61. [PMID: 26035490 PMCID: PMC4488683 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7061945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), worldwide cereal contaminants, raise concerns for animal and human gut health, following contaminated food or feed ingestion. The impact of DON and NIV on intestinal mucosa was investigated after acute exposure, in vitro and in vivo. The histological changes induced by DON and NIV were analyzed after four-hour exposure on pig jejunum explants and loops, two alternative models. On explants, dose-dependent increases in the histological changes were induced by DON and NIV, with a two-fold increase in lesion severity at 10 µM NIV. On loops, NIV had a greater impact on the mucosa than DON. The overall proliferative cells showed 30% and 13% decrease after NIV and DON exposure, respectively, and NIV increased the proliferative index of crypt enterocytes. NIV also increased apoptosis at the top of villi and reduced by almost half the proliferative/apoptotic cell ratio. Lamina propria cells (mainly immune cells) were more sensitive than enterocytes (epithelial cells) to apoptosis induced by NIV. Our results demonstrate a greater impact of NIV than DON on the intestinal mucosa, both in vitro and in vivo, and highlight the need of a specific hazard characterization for NIV risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophal Cheat
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire (INP-ENVT), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 180 chemin de tournefeuille F-31027 Toulouse, France.
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Royal University of Agriculture, P.O. box 2696, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
| | - Juliana R Gerez
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire (INP-ENVT), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 180 chemin de tournefeuille F-31027 Toulouse, France.
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-990 Londrina, Brazil.
| | - Juliette Cognié
- Plate-forme CIRE Chirurgie et Imagerie pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement UMR 085 PRC, INRA, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Imourana Alassane-Kpembi
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire (INP-ENVT), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 180 chemin de tournefeuille F-31027 Toulouse, France.
- Instruction des Armées, Camp Guézo 01BP517 Cotonou, Benin.
| | | | - Isabelle Raymond-Letron
- INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
- STROMALab UMR5273 UPS EFS INSERM U1031, 1 Avenue Jean Poulhes, 31403 Toulouse, France.
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire (INP-ENVT), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 180 chemin de tournefeuille F-31027 Toulouse, France.
| | - Martine Kolf-Clauw
- Université de Toulouse, Institut National Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire (INP-ENVT), Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 23 chemin des Capelles, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
- INRA, UMR 1331 Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, 180 chemin de tournefeuille F-31027 Toulouse, France.
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44
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Dual effects exerted in vitro by micromolar concentrations of deoxynivalenol on undifferentiated caco-2 cells. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:593-603. [PMID: 25690693 PMCID: PMC4344644 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7020593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of crops used for food and feed production with Fusarium mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), raise important health and economic issues all along the food chain. Acute exposure to high DON concentrations can alter the intestinal barrier, while chronic exposure to lower doses may exert more subtle effects on signal transduction pathways, leading to disturbances in cellular homeostasis. Using real-time cellular impedance measurements, we studied the effects exerted in vitro by low concentrations of DON (0.37-1.50 μM), relevant for mycotoxin-contaminated food, on the proliferation of undifferentiated Caco-2 cells presenting a tumorigenic phenotype. A 1.5 μM concentration of DON maintained cell adherence of non-proliferating Caco-2 cells, whilst arresting the growth of actively proliferating cells compared with control Caco-2 cells in vitro. At 0.37 μM, DON enhanced Caco-2 cell metabolism, thereby triggering a moderate increase in cell proliferation. The results of the current study suggested that low concentrations of DON commonly detected in food may either limit or sustain the proliferation of colon cancer cells, depending on their proliferation status and on DON concentration. Soluble factors released by Lactobacillus strains can partially counteract the inhibitory action of DON on actively proliferating colon cancer cells. The study also emphasized that real-time cellular impedance measurements were a valuable tool for investigating the dynamics of cellular responses to xenobiotics.
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45
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Strychalski J, Juśkiewicz J, Gugołek A, Wyczling P, Daszkiewicz T, Zwoliński C. Usability of rapeseed cake and wheat-dried distillers' grains with solubles in the feeding of growing Californian rabbits. Arch Anim Nutr 2015; 68:227-44. [PMID: 24870270 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2014.921482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
By-products of biofuels production such as rapeseed cake and dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) may constitute valuable feedstuffs for livestock. The objectives of the study were to determine the usability of these components in the feeding of growing rabbits and to assess their impact on physiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract of the animals. Sixty-four rabbits were divided into four feeding groups: Control (5% soyabean meal [SBM] in the diet), R (5% rapeseed cake [RSC]), DDGS (5% wheat DDGS), and R/DDGS (2.5% RSC and 2.5% wheat DDGS). The study included a production experiment, a digestibility-balance experiment and physiological assessment of the functioning of animals' gastrointestinal tract (small intestine, caecum and colon). No statistically significant differences were determined in production results of the rabbits. Digestibility of nutrients and energy and nitrogen retention were the highest in the Control and the lowest in Group DDGS. Group DDGS was characterised by the highest relative weight of small intestine and digesta. In turn, Group R was characterised by the highest degree of caecal digesta hydration and bulking and by the highest pH value and the lowest concentration of VFA in caecum. The activity of selected bacterial enzymes released to the caecal environment was similar in all groups; however, the activity of α-arabinopyranosidase was significantly increased in Groups R and DDGS. Worthy of notice is the enhanced enzymatic activity of colonic microbiota in the R/DDGS group which has a positive effect upon increased utilisation of dietary nutrients compared to the DDGS group. The obtained results indicate that SBM from rabbit diets may be successfully replaced by 5% RSC as well as by 2.5% RSC + 2.5% wheat DDGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Strychalski
- a Department of Fur-Bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management , University of Warmia and Mazury , Olsztyn , Poland
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Pepe G, Sommella E, Manfra M, De Nisco M, Tenore GC, Scopa A, Sofo A, Marzocco S, Adesso S, Novellino T, Campiglia P. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and fast UHPLC-DAD-IT-TOF profiling of polyphenolic compounds extracted from green lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.; var. Maravilla de Verano). Food Chem 2015; 167:153-61. [PMID: 25148972 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fresh cut vegetables represent a widely consumed food worldwide. Among these, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most popular on the market. The growing interest for this "healthy" food is related to the content of bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, that show many beneficial effects. In this study, we report the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of polyphenols extracted from lettuce (var. Maravilla de Verano), in J774A.1 macrophages stimulated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lettuce extract significantly decreased reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide release, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cycloxygenase-2 expression. A detailed quali/quantitative profiling of the polyphenolic content was carried out, obtaining fast separation (10 min), good retention time and peak area repeatability, (RSD% 0.80 and 8.68, respectively) as well as linearity (R(2)⩾ 0.999) and mass accuracy (⩽ 5 ppm). Our results show the importance in the diet of this cheap and popular food for his healthy properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Mauro De Nisco
- Pharmaco-Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Scopa
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Adriano Sofo
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, I-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Simona Adesso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Tiziana Novellino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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Alassane-Kpembi I, Puel O, Oswald IP. Toxicological interactions between the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and their acetylated derivatives in intestinal epithelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1337-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pinton P, Oswald IP. Effect of deoxynivalenol and other Type B trichothecenes on the intestine: a review. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1615-43. [PMID: 24859243 PMCID: PMC4052256 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6051615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural food contaminants, mycotoxins, are regarded as an important risk factor for human and animal health, as up to 25% of the world's crop production may be contaminated. The Fusarium genus produces large quantities of fusariotoxins, among which the trichothecenes are considered as a ubiquitous problem worldwide. The gastrointestinal tract is the first physiological barrier against food contaminants, as well as the first target for these toxicants. An increasing number of studies suggest that intestinal epithelial cells are targets for deoxynivalenol (DON) and other Type B trichothecenes (TCTB). In humans, various adverse digestive symptoms are observed on acute exposure, and in animals, these toxins induce pathological lesions, including necrosis of the intestinal epithelium. They affect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium through alterations in cell morphology and differentiation and in the barrier function. Moreover, DON and TCTB modulate the activity of intestinal epithelium in its role in immune responsiveness. TCTB affect cytokine production by intestinal or immune cells and are supposed to interfere with the cross-talk between epithelial cells and other intestinal immune cells. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the effects of DON and other TCTB on the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pinton
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse F-31027, France.
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR1331, Toxalim, Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse F-31027, France.
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Cheli F, Fusi E, Baldi A. Cell-based models for mycotoxin screening and toxicity evaluation: an update. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2014. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2013.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the applications of cell-based models in mycotoxin research, with a focus on models for mycotoxin screening and cytotoxicity evaluation. Various cell-based models, cell and cell culture condition related factors, toxicity endpoints and culture systems as well as predictive value of cell-based bioassays are reviewed. Advantages, drawbacks and technical problems regarding set up and validation of consistent, robust, reproducible and high-throughput cell-based models are discussed. Various cell-based models have been developed and used as screening tests for mycotoxins but the data obtained are difficult to compare. However, the results highlight the potential of cell-based models as promising in vitro platforms for the initial screening and cytotoxicity evaluation of mycotoxins and as a significant analytical approach in mycotoxin research before any animal or human clinical studies. To develop cell-based models as powerful high-throughput laboratory platforms for the analysis of large numbers of samples, there are mainly two fundamental requirements that should be met, i.e. the availability of easy-to-use and, if possible, automated cell platforms and the possibility to obtain reproducible results that are comparable between laboratories. The transition from a research model to a test model still needs optimisation, standardisation, and validation of analytical protocols. The validation of a cell-based bioassay is a complex process, as several critical points, such as the choice of the cellular model, the assay procedures, and the appropriate use and interpretation of the results, must be strictly defined to ensure more consistency in the results. The development of cell-based models exploring the third dimension together with automation and miniaturisation will bring cellular platforms to a level appropriate for cost-effective and large-scale analysis in the field of mycotoxin research.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Cheli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - E. Fusi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Baldi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milano, Italy
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New insights into mycotoxin mixtures: The toxicity of low doses of Type B trichothecenes on intestinal epithelial cells is synergistic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:191-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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