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Saad KM, Salles ÉL, Naeini SE, Baban B, Abdelmageed ME, Abdelaziz RR, Suddek GM, Elmarakby AA. Reno-protective effect of protocatechuic acid is independent of sex-related differences in murine model of UUO-induced kidney injury. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:98-111. [PMID: 38214881 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive nephropathy is a condition often caused by urinary tract obstruction either anatomical (e.g., tumors), mechanical (e.g., urolithiasis), or compression (e.g., pregnancy) and can progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Studies have shown sexual dimorphism in CKD, where males were found to have a more rapid decline in kidney function following kidney injury compared to age-matched females. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory polyphenolic compound, has demonstrated promising effects in mitigating drug-induced kidney injuries. The current study aims to explore sexual dimorphism in kidney injury after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and assess whether PCA treatment can mitigate kidney injury in both sexes. METHODS UUO was induced in 10-12 weeks old male and female C57BL/6J mice. Mice were categorized into four groups (n = 6-8/group); Sham, Sham plus PCA (100 mg/kg, I.P daily), UUO, and UUO plus PCA. RESULTS After 2 weeks of induction of UUO, markers of kidney oxidative stress (TBARs), inflammation (IL-1α and IL-6), tubular injury (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL and urinary kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1), fibrosis (Masson's trichrome staining, collagen IV expression, MMP-2 and MMP-9) and apoptosis (TUNEL+ cells, active caspase-1 and caspase-3) were significantly elevated in both males and females relative to their sham counterparts. Males exhibited significantly greater kidney oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis after induction of UUO when compared to females. PCA treatment significantly attenuated UUO-induced kidney injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis in both sexes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a differential gender response to UUO-induced kidney injury with males being more sensitive to UUO-induced kidney inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis than age-matched females. Importantly, PCA treatment reduced UUO-induced kidney injury in a sex-independent manner which might be attributed to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M Saad
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Évila Lopes Salles
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sahar Emami Naeini
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Marwa E Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania R Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elmarakby
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1450 Laney Walker Blvd, CL2126, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Chen Y, Zhou J, Xu S, Nie J. Role of Interleukin-6 Family Cytokines in Organ Fibrosis. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 9:239-253. [PMID: 37900004 PMCID: PMC10601952 DOI: 10.1159/000530288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Organ fibrosis remains an important cause of high incidence rate and mortality worldwide. The prominent role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) family members represented by IL-6 in inflammation has been extensively studied, and drugs targeting IL-6 have been used clinically. Because of the close relationship between inflammation and fibrosis, researches on the role of IL-6 family members in organ fibrosis are also gradually emerging. Summary In this review, we systematically reviewed the role of IL-6 family members in fibrosis and their possible mechanisms. We listed the role of IL-6 family members in organ fibrosis and drew two diagrams to illustrate the downstream signal transductions of IL-6 family members. We also summarized the effect of some IL-6 family members' antagonists in a table. Key Messages Fibrosis contributes to organ structure damage, organ dysfunction, and eventually organ failure. Although IL-6 family cytokines have similar downstream signal pathways, different members play various roles in an organ-specific manner which might be partly due to their different target cell populations. The pathogenic role of individual member in various diseases needs to be deciphered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihui Xu
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Xu S, Yang X, Chen Q, Liu Z, Chen Y, Yao X, Xiao A, Tian J, Xie L, Zhou M, Hu Z, Zhu F, Xu X, Hou F, Nie J. Leukemia inhibitory factor is a therapeutic target for renal interstitial fibrosis. EBioMedicine 2022; 86:104312. [PMID: 36335669 PMCID: PMC9646860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the IL6 family members in organ fibrosis, including renal interstitial fibrosis (TIF), has been widely explored. However, few studies have ever simultaneously examined them in the same cohort of patients. Besides, the role of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in TIF remains unclear. METHODS RNA-seq data of kidney biopsies from chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, in both public databases and our assays, were used to analyze transcript levels of IL6 family members. Two TIF mouse models, the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and the ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), were employed to validate the finding. To assess the role of LIF in vivo, short hairpin RNA, lenti-GFP-LIF was used to knockdown LIF receptor (LIFR), overexpress LIF, respectively. LIF-neutralizing antibody was used in therapeutic studies. Whether urinary LIF could be used as a promising predictor for CKD progression was investigated in a prospective observation patient cohort. FINDINGS Among IL6 family members, LIF is the most upregulated one in both human and mouse renal fibrotic lesions. The mRNA level of LIF negatively correlated with eGFR with the strongest correlation and the smallest P value. Baseline urinary concentrations of LIF in CKD patients predict the risk of CKD progression to end-stage kidney disease by Kaplan-Meier analysis. In mouse TIF models, knockdown of LIFR alleviated TIF; conversely, overexpressing LIF exacerbated TIF. Most encouragingly, visible efficacy against TIF was observed by administering LIF-neutralizing antibodies to mice. Mechanistically, LIF-LIFR-EGR1 axis and Sonic Hedgehog signaling formed a vicious cycle between fibroblasts and proximal tubular cells to augment LIF expression and promote the pro-fibrotic response via ERK and STAT3 activation. INTERPRETATION This study discovered that LIF is a noninvasive biomarker for the progression of CKD and a potential therapeutic target of TIF. FUNDINGS Stated in the Acknowledgements section of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanfan Hou
- Corresponding author. Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Nie
- Corresponding author. Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Li Y, Zhao J, Yin Y, Li K, Zhang C, Zheng Y. The Role of IL-6 in Fibrotic Diseases: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5405-5414. [PMID: 36147459 PMCID: PMC9461670 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.75876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a detrimental outcome of most chronic inflammatory disorders and is defined by the buildup of excess extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which eventually leads to organ failure and death. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is promptly produced by immune cells in response to tissue injuries and has a wide range of effects on cellular processes such as acute responses, hematopoiesis, and immune reactions. Furthermore, high levels of IL-6 have been found in a variety of chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by fibrosis, and this factor plays a significant role in fibrosis in various organs via Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) activation. Here, we review what is known about the role of IL-6 in fibrosis and why targeting IL-6 for fibrotic disease treatment makes sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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Paul Owens E, Grania Healy H, Andrew Vesey D, Elizabeth Hoy W, Carolyn Gobe G. Targeted biomarkers of progression in chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 536:18-28. [PMID: 36041551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly significant health issue worldwide. Early stages of CKD can be asymptomatic and disease trajectory difficult to predict. Not everyone with CKD progresses to kidney failure, where kidney replacement therapy is the only life-sustaining therapy. Predicting which patients will progress to kidney failure would allow better use of targeted treatments and more effective allocation of health resources. Current diagnostic tests to identify patients with progressive disease perform poorly but there is a suite of new and emerging predictive biomarkers with great clinical promise. METHODS This narrative review describes new and emerging biomarkers of pathophysiologic processes of CKD development and progression, accessible in blood or urine liquid biopsies. Biomarkers were selected based on their reported pathobiological functions in kidney injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, repair and fibrosis. Biomarker function and evidence of involvement in CKD development and progression are reported. CONCLUSION Many biomarkers reviewed here have received little attention to date, perhaps because of conflicting conclusions of their utility in CKD. The functional roles of the selected biomarkers in the underlying pathobiology of progression of CKD are a powerful rationale for advancing and validating these molecules as prognosticators and predictors of CKD trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Owens
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia
| | - Helen Grania Healy
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - David Andrew Vesey
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Wendy Elizabeth Hoy
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Centre for Chronic Disease, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Glenda Carolyn Gobe
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia.
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6
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An C, Jiao B, Du H, Tran M, Zhou D, Wang Y. Myeloid PTEN deficiency aggravates renal inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:983-991. [PMID: 34515350 PMCID: PMC8810675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major cause of chronic kidney disease. However, the pathogenesis of hypertensive kidney disease is not fully understood. Recently, we have shown that CXCL16/phosphoinositide-3 kinase γ (PI3Kγ) plays an important role in the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin II (AngII) induced hypertensive nephropathy. In the present study, we examined the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a major regulator of PI3K signaling, in the pathogenesis of renal inflammation and fibrosis in an experimental model of hypertension induced by AngII. We generated myeloid PTEN conditional knockout mice by crossing PTENflox/flox mice with LysM-driven Cre mice. Littermate LysM-Cre-/- PTENflox/flox mice were used as a control. Both myeloid PTEN knockout mice and their littermate control mice exhibited similar blood pressure at baseline. AngII treatment resulted in an increase in blood pressure that was comparable between myeloid PTEN knockout mice and littermate control mice. Compared with littermate control mice, myeloid PTEN knockout mice developed more severe kidney dysfunction, proteinuria, and fibrosis following AngII treatment. Furthermore, myeloid PTEN deficiency exacerbated total collagen deposition and extracellular matrix protein production and enhanced myeloid fibroblast accumulation and myofibroblast formation in the kidney following AngII treatment. Finally, myeloid PTEN deficiency markedly augmented infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells into the kidneys of AngII-treated mice. Taken together, these results indicate that PTEN plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of renal inflammation and fibrosis through the regulation of infiltration of myeloid fibroblasts, macrophages, and T lymphocytes into the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong An
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hao Du
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie Tran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA,Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA,Renal Section, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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7
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Jiménez-Uribe AP, Bellido B, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Tapia E, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Hernández-Santos JA, Fernández-Valverde F, Hernández-Cruz EY, Orozco-Ibarra M, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Temporal characterization of mitochondrial impairment in the unilateral ureteral obstruction model in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:358-371. [PMID: 34175439 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a well-known mechanism that favors chronic kidney disease (CKD) development in obstructive nephropathy, a significant pathology worldwide. Fibrosis induction involves several pathways, and although mitochondrial alterations have recently emerged as a critical factor that triggers renal damage in the obstructed kidney, the temporal mitochondrial alterations during the fibrotic induction remain unexplored. Therefore, in this work, we evaluated the time course of mitochondrial mass and bioenergetics alterations induced by a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a widely used model to study the mechanism involved in kidney fibrosis induction and progression. Our results show a marked reduction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the obstructed kidney on days 7 to 28 of obstruction without significant mitochondrial coupling changes. Besides, we observed that mitochondrial mass was reduced, probably due to decreased biogenesis and mitophagy induction. OXPHOS impairment was associated with decreased mitochondrial biogenesis markers, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1alpha (PGC-1α), and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1); and also, with the induction of mitophagy in a PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin independent way. It is concluded that the impairment of OXPHOS capacity may be explained by the reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis and the induction of mitophagy during fibrotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Belen Bellido
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Edilia Tapia
- Departmento de Patofisiología Cardio-renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departmento de Patofisiología Cardio-renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Hernández-Santos
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes Sur # 3877, La Fama, Alcaldía Tlalpan, CP 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisca Fernández-Valverde
- Laboratorio de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes Sur # 3877, La Fama, Alcaldía Tlalpan, CP 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Marisol Orozco-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes Sur # 3877, La Fama, Alcaldía Tlalpan, CP 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico.
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8
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Cantero-Navarro E, Rayego-Mateos S, Orejudo M, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Tejera-Muñoz A, Sanz AB, Marquez-Exposito L, Marchant V, Santos-Sanchez L, Egido J, Ortiz A, Bellon T, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Ruiz-Ortega M. Role of Macrophages and Related Cytokines in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688060. [PMID: 34307414 PMCID: PMC8295566 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key characteristic of kidney disease, but this immune response is two-faced. In the acute phase of kidney injury, there is an activation of the immune cells to fight against the insult, contributing to kidney repair and regeneration. However, in chronic kidney diseases (CKD), immune cells that infiltrate the kidney play a deleterious role, actively participating in disease progression, and contributing to nephron loss and fibrosis. Importantly, CKD is a chronic inflammatory disease. In early CKD stages, patients present sub-clinical inflammation, activation of immune circulating cells and therefore, anti-inflammatory strategies have been proposed as a common therapeutic target for renal diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the plasticity of immune cells and the complexity of their functions. Among immune cells, monocytes/macrophages play an important role in all steps of kidney injury. However, the phenotype characterization between human and mice immune cells showed different markers; therefore the extrapolation of experimental studies in mice could not reflect human renal diseases. Here we will review the current information about the characteristics of different macrophage phenotypes, mainly focused on macrophage-related cytokines, with special attention to the chemokine CCL18, and its murine functional homolog CCL8, and the macrophage marker CD163, and their role in kidney pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cantero-Navarro
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación IIS -Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Tejedor-Santamaria
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Sanz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Santos-Sanchez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Fundación IIS -Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fundación IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Bellon
- La Paz Hospital Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl R Rodrigues-Diez
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Ding X, Ren Y, He X. IFN-I Mediates Lupus Nephritis From the Beginning to Renal Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676082. [PMID: 33959133 PMCID: PMC8093624 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The abundant cell-free nucleic (DNA/RNA) in SLE patients, especially dsDNA, is a key substance in the pathogenesis of SLE and LN. The deposition of DNA/RNA-immune complexes (DNA/RNA-ICs) in the glomerulus causes a series of inflammatory reactions that lead to resident renal cell disturbance and eventually renal fibrosis. Cell-free DNA/RNA is the most effective inducer of type I interferons (IFN-I). Resident renal cells (rather than infiltrating immune cells) are the main source of IFN-I in the kidney. IFN-I in turn damages resident renal cells. Not only are resident renal cells victims, but also participants in this immunity war. However, the mechanism for generation of IFN-I in resident renal cells and the pathological mechanism of IFN-I promoting renal fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. This paper reviews the latest epidemiology of LN and its development process, discusses the mechanism for generation of IFN-I in resident renal cells and the role of IFN-I in the pathogenesis of LN, and may open a new perspective for the treatment of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ding
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Pediatric Internal Medicine Department, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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An C, Wen J, Hu Z, Mitch WE, Wang Y. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ deficiency attenuates kidney injury and fibrosis in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 35:1491-1500. [PMID: 32500132 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis plays a critical role in recruiting inflammatory cells and bone marrow-derived fibroblasts into the kidney leading to renal injury and fibrosis. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms are not known. METHODS In the present study, we examined the role of phosphoinositide-3 kinase γ (PI3Kγ) signaling in the recruitment of inflammatory cells and bone marrow-derived fibroblasts into the kidney and development of renal injury and fibrosis in an experimental model of hypertension induced by angiotensin II. RESULTS Blood pressure was comparable between wild-type (WT) and PI3Kγ knockout (KO) mice at baseline. Angiotensin II treatment led to an increase in blood pressure that was similar between WT and PI3Kγ KO mice. Compared with WT mice, PI3Kγ KO mice were protected from angiotensin II-induced renal dysfunction and injury and developed less proteinuria. PI3Kγ deficiency suppressed bone marrow-derived fibroblast accumulation and myofibroblast formation in the kidney and inhibited total collagen deposition and extracellular matrix protein production in the kidney in response to angiotensin II. PI3Kγ deficiency inhibited the infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells into the kidney and reduced gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the kidney following angiotensin II treatment. Finally, inhibition of PI3Kγ suppressed CXCL16-induced monocyte migration in vitro. CONCLUSION These results indicate that PI3Kγ mediates the influx of macrophages, T cells and bone marrow-derived fibroblasts into the kidney resulting in kidney injury and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong An
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jia Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Renal Section, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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Chen X, Yang W, Deng X, Ye S, Xiao W. Interleukin-6 promotes proliferative vitreoretinopathy by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Vis 2020; 26:517-529. [PMID: 32818015 PMCID: PMC7406861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is elevated in intraocular fluid from eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), but the exact role of the cytokine is still unclear. We investigated the function and mechanism of IL-6 in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell biology in vitro and in a mouse model in vivo. Methods After treatment with various concentrations of IL-6, RPE cell proliferation was assessed with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were evaluated using western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. The activation of JAK1/STAT3 signaling was determined with western blotting. Moreover, the effects of blockade of IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling were investigated using pharmacological inhibitor S3I-201. For in vivo studies, the PVR model was induced with intravitreal injection of dispase/collagenase in wild-type and IL-6 knockout mice. The severity of PVR was evaluated with histological analysis. The expression of IL-6, gp130, and EMT markers was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Results IL-6 statistically significantly induced RPE cell proliferation and EMT in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, which was accompanied by rapid phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3. Blockade of the IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 pathway with S3I-201 apparently inhibited RPE proliferation and EMT. Furthermore, IL-6 and gp130 overexpression, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling hyperactivation were detected in the retinas of the wild-type mice at 1, 3, and 7 days after dispase/collagenase injection. Finally, we confirmed that IL-6 deficiency markedly alleviated mouse PVR development via inhibiting EMT. Conclusions These findings indicate that IL-6 promotes PVR by inducing RPE proliferation and EMT via the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. We provided new evidence that therapeutic strategies to block IL-6 may be beneficial for PVR.
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Intraglomerular Monocyte/Macrophage Infiltration and Macrophage-Myofibroblast Transition during Diabetic Nephropathy Is Regulated by the A 2B Adenosine Receptor. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041051. [PMID: 32340145 PMCID: PMC7226348 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is considered the main cause of kidney disease in which myofibroblasts lead to renal fibrosis. Macrophages were recently identified as the major source of myofibroblasts in a process known as macrophage–myofibroblast transition (MMT). Adenosine levels increase during DN and in vivo administration of MRS1754, an antagonist of the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR), attenuated glomerular fibrosis (glomerulosclerosis). We aimed to investigate the association between A2BAR and MMT in glomerulosclerosis during DN. Kidneys/glomeruli of non-diabetic, diabetic, and MRS1754-treated diabetic (DM+MRS1754) rats were processed for histopathologic, transcriptomic, flow cytometry, and cellular in vitro analyses. Macrophages were used for in vitro cell migration/transmigration assays and MMT studies. In vivo MRS1754 treatment attenuated the clinical and histopathological signs of glomerulosclerosis in DN rats. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated a decrease in chemokine-chemoattractants/cell-adhesion genes of monocytes/macrophages in DM+MRS1754 glomeruli. The number of intraglomerular infiltrated macrophages and MMT cells increased in diabetic rats. This was reverted by MRS1754 treatment. In vitro cell migration/transmigration decreased in macrophages treated with MRS1754. Human macrophages cultured with adenosine and/or TGF-β induced MMT, a process which was reduced by MRS1754. We concluded that pharmacologic blockade of A2BAR attenuated some clinical signs of renal dysfunction and glomerulosclerosis, and decreased intraglomerular macrophage infiltration and MMT in DN rats.
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SARI DWICAHYANIRATNA, PUTRI MAULIDAWIJAYA, LEKSONO TIARAPUTRI, CHAIRUNNISA NOGATI, REYNALDI GERRYNATHAN, SIMANJUNTAK BENHARDCHRISTOPHER, DEBORA JOSEPHINE, YUNUS JUNAEDY, ARFIAN NUR. Calcitriol Ameliorates Kidney Injury Through Reducing Podocytopathy, Tubular Injury, Inflammation and Fibrosis in 5/6 Subtotal Nephrectomy Model in Rats. THE KOBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 65:E153-E163. [PMID: 32249272 PMCID: PMC7447091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) lead to end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) which are characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury, anemia, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis. Vitamin D is known to have renal protective effects. However, its effects relate to low and high doses of Vitamin D in CKD model is still unknown. CKD was performed using 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy procedure in male Sprague Dawley rats (3 months old, 200-300 grams, SN group; n=6), then rats were sacrificed on day 14 after operation. Sham operation was used for control (SO group; n=6). Calcitriol was administered in two doses : 0.01 µg/mL/100 gramsBW/day (SND1 group; n=6) and 0.05 µg/mL/100 gramsBW/day (SND2 group; n=6) intraperitoneally for 14 days. Glomerulosclerosis and tubular injury score were examined using PAS staining, meanwhile, interstitial fibrosis area fraction was assessed with Sirius Red staining. RT-PCR was performed for assessing nephrin, podocin, IL-6, CD68, Collagen-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA expressions. Immunostaining (IHC) was carried out to observe macrophage (CD68) and myofibroblast (α-SMA). SN demonstrated CKD condition with higher tubular injury, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation compared to SO. Calcitriol-treated group (especially SND2) demonstrated significant lower tubular injury, glomerulosclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis compared to SN. SND2 group showed not only significantly lower CD68, IL-6, Collagen-1, and TGF-β1 mRNA expressions, but also higher mRNA expressions of nephrin and podocin. SND2 group also demonstrated reduction of macrophages infiltration and myofibroblasts expansion based on its histopathological appearance. Vitamin D may have a renoprotective effect on 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy model by attenuating podocytopathy, tubular injury, inflammation and interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- DWI CAHYANI RATNA SARI
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | - MAULIDA WIJAYA PUTRI
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
- Postgraduate Student of Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | - TIARA PUTRI LEKSONO
- Undergraduate Student Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | - NOGATI CHAIRUNNISA
- Undergraduate Student Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | - GERRY NATHAN REYNALDI
- Undergraduate Student Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | | | - JOSEPHINE DEBORA
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | - JUNAEDY YUNUS
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | - NUR ARFIAN
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada
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Chen W, Yuan H, Cao W, Wang T, Chen W, Yu H, Fu Y, Jiang B, Zhou H, Guo H, Zhao X. Blocking interleukin-6 trans-signaling protects against renal fibrosis by suppressing STAT3 activation. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:3980-3991. [PMID: 31281526 PMCID: PMC6592178 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Renal fibrosis is the terminal manifestation of chronic and irreversible renal disease. Effective therapies other than dialysis are extremely limited. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of targeting elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Methods: Fc-gp130 was used to specifically block IL-6 trans-signaling. Unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) and ischemia reperfusion (IR) mouse models were constructed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Fc-gp130 on renal fibrosis. The role of IL-6 trans-signaling and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 in regulating fibroblast accumulation and extracellular matrix protein deposition were evaluated in cell experiments and mouse models. Results: The kidneys of mice with UUO were found to have elevated soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) levels in the progression of fibrosis. Fc-gp130 attenuated renal fibrosis in mice, as evidenced by reductions in tubular atrophy and the production of extracellular matrix protein. Blockade of IL-6 trans-signaling with Fc-gp130 also reduced inflammation levels, immune cell infiltration, and profibrotic cytokines expression in renal tissue, with decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced fibroblast accumulation in the renal tissue. In vitro, Fc-gp130 also reduced the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in fibroblasts. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of Fc-gp130 was confirmed in a model of acute kidney injury-chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Overall, IL-6 trans-signaling may contribute to crucial events in the development of renal fibrosis, and the targeting of IL-6 trans-signaling by Fc-gp130 may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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15
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Effect of tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 inhibitor, on early stage streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1005-1013. [PMID: 31025143 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitor on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36) were distributed into six groups and treated for 4 weeks. Groups 1, 3, 5 received either saline, tocilizumab (2 mg/kg), or tocilizumab (8 mg/kg) injection intraperitoneally (i.p.), every 2 weeks, respectively. Groups 2, 4, 6 were rendered diabetic by a single i.p. injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) and were treated as in groups 1, 3, 5, respectively. Biochemical parameters were measured in plasma, urine, and kidneys. In the untreated diabetic group, there was a significant decrease in body weight, polyuria, and increased kidney weight. There was increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)/creatinine ratio (UNCR). Streptozotocin also induced a significant increase in creatinine clearance. In addition, diabetes was associated with increased oxidative stress [reduced renal glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities, and increased malondialdhyde (MDA)] and increased plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Kidneys from streptozotocin-treated rats showed marked vacuolation of the proximal tubular epithelium with focal tubular necrosis and the glomeruli showing increase in mesangial cells. Tocilizumab significantly mitigated the increase in UACR and UNCR, renal MDA, plasma TNF-α, IL-6 and NO levels, and the decrease in renal SOD and catalase activities in diabetic rats. Tocilizumab did not significantly improve creatinine clearance; however, it attenuated the histopathological changes induced by streptozotocin. This study shows that tocilizumab was able to ameliorate some of the changes seen in streptozotocin-induced early diabetic nephropathy in rats. This is mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.
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Yu X, Xia Y, Zeng L, Zhang X, Chen L, Yan S, Zhang R, Zhao C, Zeng Z, Shu Y, Huang S, Lei J, Yuan C, Zhang L, Feng Y, Liu W, Huang B, Zhang B, Luo W, Wang X, Zhang H, Haydon RC, Luu HH, He TC, Gan H. A blockade of PI3Kγ signaling effectively mitigates angiotensin II-induced renal injury and fibrosis in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10988. [PMID: 30030497 PMCID: PMC6054654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a formidable challenge for public healthcare worldwide as vast majority of patients with CKD are also at risk of accelerated cardiovascular disease and death. Renal fibrosis is the common manifestation of CKD that usually leads to end-stage renal disease although the molecular events leading to chronic renal fibrosis and eventually chronic renal failure remain to be fully understood. Nonetheless, emerging evidence suggests that an aberrant activation of PI3Kγ signaling may play an important role in regulating profibrotic phenotypes. Here, we investigate whether a blockade of PI3Kγ signaling exerts any beneficial effect on alleviating kidney injury and renal fibrosis. Using a mouse model of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal damage, we demonstrate that PI3Kγ inhibitor AS605240 effectively mitigates Ang II-induced increases in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, renal interstitial collagen deposition, the accumulation of ECM proteins and the expression of α-Sma and fibrosis-related genes in vivo. Mechanistically, we reveal that AS605240 effectively inhibits Ang II-induced cell proliferation and phosphorylation of Akt in fibroblast cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Ang II-upregulated expression of IL-6, Tnf-α, IL-1β and Tgf-β1 is significantly attenuated in the mice treated with AS605240. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PI3Kγ may function as a critical mediator of Ang II-induced renal injury and fibrosis. It is thus conceivable that targeted inhibition of PI3Kγ signaling may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to the clinical management of renal fibrosis, renal hypertension and/or CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Yu
- Departments of Nephrology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cardiology, General Surgery, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yunfeng Xia
- Departments of Nephrology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cardiology, General Surgery, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liyi Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, and the Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Departments of Nephrology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cardiology, General Surgery, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- Departments of Nephrology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cardiology, General Surgery, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Departments of Nephrology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cardiology, General Surgery, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shifeng Huang
- Departments of Nephrology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cardiology, General Surgery, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jiayan Lei
- Departments of Nephrology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cardiology, General Surgery, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Three Gorges University School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Linghuan Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yixiao Feng
- Departments of Nephrology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cardiology, General Surgery, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Departments of Nephrology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cardiology, General Surgery, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Infection Control, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, and the Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Surgery of Gansu Province and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine and School of Laboratory Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Hua Gan
- Departments of Nephrology, Orthopaedic Surgery, Cardiology, General Surgery, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Hongtao C, Youling F, Fang H, Huihua P, Jiying Z, Jun Z. Curcumin alleviates ischemia reperfusion‐induced late kidney fibrosis through the APPL1/Akt signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8588-8596. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hongtao
- Departmentof AnesthesiologyEighth People's Hospital of GuangzhouGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Fan Youling
- Department of AnesthesiologyPanyu Central HospitalGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Huang Fang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPanyu Central HospitalGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Peng Huihua
- Department of AnesthesiologyPanyu Central HospitalGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Zhong Jiying
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Zhou Jun
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdong ProvinceChina
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Zhou J, Zhong J, Huang Z, Liao M, Lin S, Chen J, Chen H. TAK1 mediates apoptosis via p38 involve in ischemia-induced renal fibrosis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:1016-1025. [PMID: 29661023 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1442841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common and characteristic symptom of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the molecular mechanisms of renal fibrosis remain elusive. Ischemia injury, as a major cause of AKI, deserves more attention in order to improve the knowledge of AKI-induced fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) interacts directly with TGF-β, which play a critical role in the progression of fibrosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of TAK1 in the pathogenesis of ischemia-induced renal fibrosis. Compared with mice in the vehicle group, mice intraperitoneally injected with TAK1 inhibitor were found to have lower serum creatinine, less tubular damage and more mild fibrosis following ischemia-induced AKI. Furthermore, inhibition of TAK1 reduced p38 phosphorylation, decreased expression of Bax and caspase 3 and apoptosis cells in kidneys of mice treated with IR-induced AKI. Compared with vehicle-treated renal tubular epithelial cells, TAK1 overexpression cells were found to have a higher apoptosis and fibrosis index level and p38 phosphorylation following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. Furthermore, the p38 inhibitor combined with TAK1 overexpression verified the role of TAK1/p38 signaling pathway in apoptosis and fibrosis index level of renal tubular epithelial cells treated with H/R. Thus, our results show that TAK1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-induced renal fibrosis and may mediate p38-regulated cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The First People's Hospital of Foshan , Foshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Jiying Zhong
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The First People's Hospital of Foshan , Foshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The First People's Hospital of Foshan , Foshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Meijuan Liao
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The First People's Hospital of Foshan , Foshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Sen Lin
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The First People's Hospital of Foshan , Foshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Jia Chen
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The First People's Hospital of Foshan , Foshan , Guangdong Province , China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- b Department of Anesthesiology , The Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou , Guangzhou , Guangdong Province , China
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Yu-Wai-Man C, Tagalakis AD, Meng J, Bouremel Y, Lee RMH, Virasami A, Hart SL, Khaw PT. Genotype-Phenotype Associations of IL6 and PRG4 With Conjunctival Fibrosis After Glaucoma Surgery. JAMA Ophthalmol 2017; 135:1147-1155. [PMID: 28975281 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Importance Postsurgical fibrosis is a critical determinant of the long-term success of glaucoma surgery, but no reliable biomarkers are currently available to stratify the risk of scarring. Objective To compare the clinical phenotype of patients with conjunctival fibrosis after glaucoma surgery with candidate gene expression tissue biomarkers of fibrosis. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cross-sectional study, 42 patients were recruited at the time of glaucoma surgery at the Moorfields Eye Hospital from September 1, 2014, to September 1, 2016. The participants were divided into those with fibrosis and those without fibrosis. Main Outcomes and Measures Genotype-phenotype correlations of the IL6 or PRG4 gene and detailed clinical phenotype. The IL6 and PRG4 protein expression in conjunctival tissues was also assessed using in situ immunohistochemical analysis. Central bleb area, maximal bleb area, and bleb height were graded on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 indicating 0%; 2, 25%; 3, 50%; 4, 75%; and 5, 100%). Bleb vascularity was graded on a scale of 1 to 5 (1 indicating avascularity; 2, normal; 3, mild; 4, moderate; and 5, severe hyperemia). Results A total of 42 patients were recruited during the study period; 28 participants (67%) had previously undergone glaucoma surgery (fibrotic group) (mean [SD] age, 43.8 [3.6 years]; 16 [57%] female; 22 [79%] white), and 14 participants (33%) had not previously undergone glaucoma surgery (nonfibrotic group) (mean [SD] age, 47.7 [6.9] years; 4 [29%] female; 9 [64%] white). The fibrotic group had marked bleb scarring and vascularization and worse logMAR visual acuity. The mean (SD) grades were 1.4 (0.1) for central bleb area, 1.4 (0.1) for bleb height, and 3.4 (0.2) for bleb vascularity. The IL6 gene was upregulated in fibrotic cell lines (mean, 0.040) compared with nonfibrotic cell lines (mean, 0.011) (difference, 0.029; 95% CI, 0.015-0.043; P = .003). The PRG4 gene was also downregulated in fibrotic cell lines (0.002) compared with nonfibrotic cell lines (mean, 0.109; difference, 0.107; 95% CI, 0.104-0.110; P = .03). The study found a strong correlation between the IL6 gene and the number of glaucoma operations (r = 0.94, P < .001) and logMAR visual acuity (r = 0.64, P = .03). A moderate correlation was found between the PRG4 gene and the number of glaucoma operations (r = -0.72, P = .005) and logMAR visual acuity (r = -0.62, P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance IL6 and PRG4 represent potential novel tissue biomarkers of disease severity and prognosis in conjunctival fibrosis after glaucoma surgery. Future longitudinal studies with multiple postoperative measures are needed to validate the effect of these potential biomarkers of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Yu-Wai-Man
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England
| | - Aristides D Tagalakis
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, England
| | - Jinhong Meng
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, England
| | - Yann Bouremel
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England
| | - Richard M H Lee
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England
| | - Alex Virasami
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Stephen L Hart
- Experimental and Personalised Medicine Section, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, England
| | - Peng T Khaw
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England
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20
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Zhou J, Jia L, Hu Z, Wang Y. Pharmacological Inhibition of PTEN Aggravates Acute Kidney Injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9503. [PMID: 28842716 PMCID: PMC5572703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion is a major cause of acute kidney injury. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) are not fully defined. Here, we investigated the role of PTEN, a dual protein/lipid phosphatase, in the development of ischemic AKI in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of PTEN with bpV(HOpic) exacerbated renal dysfunction and promoted tubular damage in mice with IRI compared with vehicle-treated mice with IRI. PTEN inhibition enhanced tubular cell apoptosis in kidneys with IRI, which was associated with excessive caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, PTEN inhibition expanded the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into kidneys with IRI, which was accompanied by increased expression of the proinflammatory molecules. These results have demonstrated that PTEN plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ischemic acute kidney injury through regulating tubular cell apoptosis and inflammation suggesting PTEN could be a potential therapeutic target for acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan, China
| | - Li Jia
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID) and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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21
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Liang H, Zhang Z, Yan J, Wang Y, Hu Z, Mitch WE, Wang Y. The IL-4 receptor α has a critical role in bone marrow-derived fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1433-1443. [PMID: 28739140 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathway leading to the progression of chronic kidney disease, and bone marrow-derived fibroblasts contribute significantly to the development of renal fibrosis. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the activation of these fibroblasts are not completely understood. Here, we examined the role of IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) in the activation of myeloid fibroblasts in two experimental models of renal fibrosis. Compared with wild-type mice, IL-4Rα knockout mice accumulated fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in their kidneys. IL-4Rα deficiency suppressed the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, extracellular matrix proteins and the development of renal fibrosis. Furthermore, IL-4Rα deficiency inhibited the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) in the kidney. Moreover, wild-type mice engrafted with bone marrow cells from IL-4Rα knockout mice exhibited fewer myeloid fibroblasts in the kidney and displayed less severe renal fibrosis following ureteral obstructive injury compared with wild-type mice engrafted with wild-type bone marrow cells. In vitro, IL-4 activated STAT6 and stimulated expression of α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin in mouse bone marrow monocytes. This was abolished in the absence of IL-4Rα. Thus, IL-4Rα plays an important role in bone marrow-derived fibroblast activation, resulting in extracellular matrix protein production and fibrosis development. Hence, the IL-4Rα/STAT6 signaling pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhengmao Zhang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jingyin Yan
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuguo Wang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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22
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AMP-activated protein kinase/myocardin-related transcription factor-A signaling regulates fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis. Kidney Int 2017; 93:81-94. [PMID: 28739141 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a major cause of death, and renal fibrosis is a common pathway leading to the progression of this disease. Although activated fibroblasts are responsible for the production of the extracellular matrix and the development of renal fibrosis, the molecular mechanisms underlying fibroblast activation are not fully defined. Here we examined the functional role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the activation of fibroblasts and the development of renal fibrosis. AMPKα1 was induced in the kidney during the development of renal fibrosis. Mice with global or fibroblast-specific knockout of AMPKα1 exhibited fewer myofibroblasts, developed less fibrosis, and produced less extracellular matrix protein in the kidneys following unilateral ureteral obstruction or ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mechanistically, AMPKα1 directly phosphorylated cofilin leading to cytoskeleton remodeling and myocardin-related transcription factor-A nuclear translocation resulting in fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix protein production. Thus, AMPK may be a critical regulator of fibroblast activation through regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics and myocardin-related transcription factor-A nuclear translocation. Hence, AMPK signaling may represent a novel therapeutic target for fibrotic kidney disease.
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23
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Genome-wide RNA-Sequencing analysis identifies a distinct fibrosis gene signature in the conjunctiva after glaucoma surgery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5644. [PMID: 28717200 PMCID: PMC5514109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis-related events play a part in most blinding diseases worldwide. However, little is known about the mechanisms driving this complex multifactorial disease. Here we have carried out the first genome-wide RNA-Sequencing study in human conjunctival fibrosis. We isolated 10 primary fibrotic and 7 non-fibrotic conjunctival fibroblast cell lines from patients with and without previous glaucoma surgery, respectively. The patients were matched for ethnicity and age. We identified 246 genes that were differentially expressed by over two-fold and p < 0.05, of which 46 genes were upregulated and 200 genes were downregulated in the fibrotic cell lines compared to the non-fibrotic cell lines. We also carried out detailed gene ontology, KEGG, disease association, pathway commons, WikiPathways and protein network analyses, and identified distinct pathways linked to smooth muscle contraction, inflammatory cytokines, immune mediators, extracellular matrix proteins and oncogene expression. We further validated 11 genes that were highly upregulated or downregulated using real-time quantitative PCR and found a strong correlation between the RNA-Seq and qPCR results. Our study demonstrates that there is a distinct fibrosis gene signature in the conjunctiva after glaucoma surgery and provides new insights into the mechanistic pathways driving the complex fibrotic process in the eye and other tissues.
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24
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Ma Z, Jin X, He L, Wang Y. CXCL16 regulates renal injury and fibrosis in experimental renal artery stenosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H815-21. [PMID: 27496882 PMCID: PMC5142186 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00948.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of hypertensive kidney disease, including renal artery stenosis. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the induction of inflammation are poorly understood. We found that CXCL16 was induced in the kidney in a murine model of renal artery stenosis. To determine whether CXCL16 is involved in renal injury and fibrosis, wild-type and CXCL16 knockout mice were subjected to renal artery stenosis induced by placing a cuff on the left renal artery. Wild-type and CXCL16 knockout mice had comparable blood pressure at baseline. Renal artery stenosis caused an increase in blood pressure that was similar between wild-type and CXCL16 knockout mice. CXCL16 knockout mice were protected from RAS-induced renal injury and fibrosis. CXCL16 deficiency suppressed bone marrow-derived fibroblast accumulation and myofibroblast formation in the stenotic kidneys, which was associated with less expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Furthermore, CXCL16 deficiency inhibited infiltration of F4/80(+) macrophages and CD3(+) T cells in the stenotic kidneys compared with those of wild-type mice. Taken together, our results indicate that CXCL16 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of renal artery stenosis-induced renal injury and fibrosis through regulation of bone marrow-derived fibroblast accumulation and macrophage and T-cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Ma
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Xiaogao Jin
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Liqun He
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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25
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Hsieh PF, Liu SF, Hung TJ, Hung CY, Liu GZ, Chuang LY, Chen MF, Wang JL, Shi MD, Hsu CH, Shiue YL, Yang YL. Treatment with cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin short hairpin RNA substantially reduces TGF-β1-induced interstitial cellular fibrosis. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:153-160. [PMID: 27492484 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has previously been linked to allergic inflammatory diseases, and tissue fibrosis and organ dysfunction may also arise from such inflammation. It remains unclear, however, whether TSLP plays any role in the occurrence of renal fibrosis, so this study investigated that possibility. An in vitro fibrosis model was established by treating normal rat kidney fibroblast (NRK-49F) cells with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), after which the levels of various fibrogenic markers (e.g., fibronectin) and downstream fibrogenic signal proteins (e.g., smad 7) were investigated. Also, TSLP shRNA was used to silence the effects of TSLP, while an ELISA was conducted to evaluate the fibronectin secretions. The level of fibronectin in the NRK-49F cells was dose- and time-dependently increased by the administration of exogenous TSLP (P<0.05). TSLP also significantly increased the level of fibrosis signaling, in addition to inducing a marked decrease in the down-regulation of Smad7. Interestingly, the application of TSLP shRNA caused a stark reversal of the TGF-β1-induced cellular fibrosis while simultaneously leading to the suppression of fibronectin and fibrogenic signal proteins. Taken together, these observations provide insights into how extracellular matrices develop and could thus lead to potential therapeutic interventions for the suppression of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jen Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Chung Hwa Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ya Hung
- Department of Food nutrition, Chung Hwa Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Zheng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lea-Yea Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fen Chen
- Department of Acupressure Technology, Chung Hwa Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Shi
- Graduate Institute of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Technology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen Hung Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Ling Shiue
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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26
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Liang H, Ma Z, Peng H, He L, Hu Z, Wang Y. CXCL16 Deficiency Attenuates Renal Injury and Fibrosis in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28715. [PMID: 27353044 PMCID: PMC4926114 DOI: 10.1038/srep28715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive kidney disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of inflammation are not completely understood. We have found that CXCL16 is induced in the kidney in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension. Here we examined whether CXCL16 is involved in DOCA-salt-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis. Wild-type and CXCL16 knockout mice were subjected to uninephrectomy and DOCA-salt treatment for 3 weeks. There was no difference in blood pressure at baseline between wild-type and CXCL16 knockout mice. DOCA-salt treatment resulted in significant elevation in blood pressure that was comparable between wild-type and CXCL16 knockout mice. CXCL16 knockout mice exhibited less severe renal dysfunction, proteinuria, and fibrosis after DOCA-salt treatment compared with wild-type mice. CXCL16 deficiency attenuated extracellular matrix protein production and suppressed bone marrow–derived fibroblast accumulation and myofibroblast formation in the kidneys following DOCA-salt treatment. Furthermore, CXCL16 deficiency reduced macrophage and T cell infiltration into the kidneys in response to DOCA-salt hypertension. Taken together, our results indicate that CXCL16 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of renal injury and fibrosis in salt-sensitive hypertension through regulation of bone marrow–derived fibroblast accumulation and macrophage and T cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhiheng Ma
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun He
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID) and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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27
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Erikci A, Ucar G, Yabanoglu-Ciftci S. Role of serotonin in the regulation of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1141-50. [PMID: 27277500 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1194165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In various renal injuries, tissue damage occurs and platelet activation is observed. Recent studies suggest that some factors, such as serotonin, are released into microenvironment upon platelet activation following renal injury. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether platelets and platelet-released serotonin are involved in the functional regulation of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). PTECs were obtained by primary cell culture and treated with platelet lysate (PL) (2 × 10(6)/mL, 4 × 10(6)/mL, 8 × 10(6)/mL) or serotonin (1 μM or 5 μM) for 12 or 24 h. Phenotypic transdifferentiation of epithelial cells into myofibroblasts were demonstrated under light microscope and confirmed by the determination of α-smooth muscle actin gene expression. Serotonin and PL were shown to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation of PTECs. After stimulation of PTECs with serotonin or PL, matrix metalloproteinase-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and collagen-α1 gene expressions, which were reported to be elevated in renal injury, were determined by real-time PCR and found to be upregulated. Expressions of some inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-β1 were found to be increased in both protein and gene levels. Recently there is no published report on the effect of serotonin on renal PTECs. Results obtained in this study have lightened the role of serotonin and platelet-mediated effects of serotonin on fibrotic and inflammatory processes in PTECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acelya Erikci
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gulberk Ucar
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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28
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Upregulation of Interleukin-33 in obstructive renal injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:1026-1032. [PMID: 27067050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis and loss of parenchymal tubular cells are the common outcomes of progressive renal diseases. Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been known contributing to the damage of tubular cells and fibrosis responses after renal injury. Interleukin (IL)-33 is a tissue-derived nucleus alarmin that drives inflammatory responses. The regulation and function of IL-33 in renal injury, however, is not well understood. To investigate the involvement of cytokines in the pathogenesis of renal injury and fibrosis, we performed the mouse renal injury model induced by unilateral urinary obstruction (UUO) and analyze the differentially upregulated genes between the obstructed and the contralateral unobstructed kidneys using RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Our RNAseq data identified IL33 and its receptor ST2 were upregulated in the UUO kidney. Quantitative analysis confirmed that transcripts of IL33 and ST2 were upregulated in the obstructed kidneys. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that IL-33 was upregulated in Vimentin- and alpha-SMA-positive interstitial cells. By using genetically knockout mice, deletion of IL33 reduced UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Moreover, in combination with BrdU labeling technique, we observed that the numbers of proliferating tubular epithelial cells were increased in the UUO kidneys from IL33-or ST2-deficient mice compared to wild type mice. Collectively, our study demonstrated the upregulation of IL-33/ST2 signaling in the obstructed kidney may promote tubular cell injury and interstitial fibrosis. IL-33 may serve as a biomarker to detect renal injury and that IL-33/ST2 signaling may represent a novel target for treating renal diseases.
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29
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Abstract
Myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) is emerging as key causes of chronic infarct mortality. Interleukin-6 is a classic pro-inflammatory cytokine needed to mount an effective immune response. It seems that interleukin-6 acts as an important role in the dynamic and superbly orchestrated process of innate immunity after MI. Interleukin-6 timely suppresses of innate immune signals to prevent the catastrophic consequences of uncontrolled inflammation on cardiac geometry and function, and thus tunes myocardial remodeling. A comprehensive understanding of biological processes of interleukin-6 in innate immunity leading to inflammatory response and disease-related ventricular remodeling is helpful to find the solution of chronic heart failure. To accomplish this, we reviewed the articles of interleukin-6 regard to inflammation, innate immunity, and cardiac remodeling. This review focuses on the role of interleukin-6 that dominates cell-mediated immunity, especially on neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts. In addition, we will also briefly discuss other inflammatory cytokines involved in this process within the paper.
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30
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Yan J, Zhang Z, Yang J, Mitch WE, Wang Y. JAK3/STAT6 Stimulates Bone Marrow-Derived Fibroblast Activation in Renal Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:3060-71. [PMID: 26032813 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014070717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a final common manifestation of CKD resulting in progressive loss of kidney function. Bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the activation of bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors in the kidney are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of the Janus kinase 3 (JAK3)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT6) signaling pathway in the activation of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts. In cultured mouse monocytes, IL-4 or IL-13 activated STAT6 and induced expression of α-smooth muscle actin and extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin and collagen I), which was abolished by a JAK3 inhibitor (CP690,550) in a dose-dependent manner or blocked in the absence of STAT6. In vivo, STAT6 was activated in interstitial cells of the obstructed kidney, an effect that was abolished by CP690,550. Mice treated with CP690,550 accumulated fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in the obstructed kidneys compared with vehicle-treated mice. Treatment with CP690,550 also significantly reduced myofibroblast transformation, matrix protein expression, fibrosis development, and apoptosis in obstructed kidneys. Furthermore, STAT6-deficient mice accumulated fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in the obstructed kidneys, produced less extracellular matrix protein, and developed much less fibrosis. Finally, wild-type mice engrafted with STAT6(-/-) bone marrow cells displayed fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in the obstructed kidneys and showed less severe renal fibrosis compared with wild-type mice engrafted with STAT6(+/+) bone marrow cells. Our results demonstrate that JAK3/STAT6 has an important role in bone marrow-derived fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix production, and interstitial fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhengmao Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; and
| | - William E Mitch
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
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31
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Serum biomarkers in uncontrolled no heart-beating donors may identify kidneys that will never work after transplantation. J Nephrol 2015; 29:119-27. [PMID: 25971849 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-015-0203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Kidneys from uncontrolled non heart-beating donors achieve a good level of renal function after transplantation. However, a number of them will never function in the recipient. Our aim was to determine if serum biomarkers associated with platelet activity, inflammation and the nitric oxide system in uncontrolled non heart-beating donors may help to predict no renal function recovery after renal transplantation. METHODS Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), nitrite + nitrate and platelet factor-4 (PF4) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits in 88 uncontrolled non heart-beating donors divided according to the renal functionality achieved in the recipients into functional (n = 76) and non functional (n = 12). RESULTS Kidneys from donors with higher IL-6 levels (>900 pg/ml) were functional after transplantation. Serum cGMP levels below 372.3 fmol/l were also associated with kidneys that recovered the renal function. However, serum levels of PF4 showed the best correlation with recovery of renal functional in the recipients since they were significantly lower in the donors whose kidneys functioned after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Serum PF4 levels in uncontrolled non heart-beating donors may be a good predictor for kidneys that never will reach functional recovery. Some serum cGMP, IL-6 and IL-10 levels may simply help identify kidneys that will function after transplantation.
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Murao N, Seino KI, Hayashi T, Ikeda M, Funayama E, Furukawa H, Yamamoto Y, Oyama A. Treg-enriched CD4+ T cells attenuate collagen synthesis in keloid fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2015; 23:266-71. [PMID: 24617809 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Keloid is an inflammatory and fibrotic disease with an unknown pathogenesis. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) of CD4+ lineage can suppress other effector CD4+ T cells and modulate the immune response. A relative decrease in the number of Tregs may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. We therefore investigated the number of Tregs in keloids using immunohistochemistry and examined the interaction between Tregs and keloid fibroblasts (KFs) using a coculture system. It was found that the ratio of Tregs/CD4+ T cells was lower compared with that in other common inflammatory skin conditions. In addition, Treg-enriched CD4+ T cells reduced collagen synthesis by KFs. Our findings suggest that a local imbalance of Tregs contributes to the development of keloids and that correction of this imbalance might represent a novel therapeutic approach to keloid fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Murao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Peng X, Xiao Z, Zhang J, Li Y, Dong Y, Du J. IL-17A produced by bothγδT and Th17 cells promotes renal fibrosis via RANTES-mediated leukocyte infiltration after renal obstruction. J Pathol 2014; 235:79-89. [PMID: 25158055 DOI: 10.1002/path.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Peng
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital; Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing China
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital; Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital; Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing China
| | - Yulin Li
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital; Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital; Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital; Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases. The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education; Beijing China
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Roberts VS, Cowan PJ, Alexander SI, Robson SC, Dwyer KM. The role of adenosine receptors A2A and A2B signaling in renal fibrosis. Kidney Int 2014; 86:685-92. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jones SA, Fraser DJ, Fielding CA, Jones GW. Interleukin-6 in renal disease and therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 30:564-74. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Xia Y, Jin X, Yan J, Entman ML, Wang Y. CXCR6 plays a critical role in angiotensin II-induced renal injury and fibrosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1422-8. [PMID: 24855055 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.303172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of hypertensive kidney disease. However, the signaling mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of CXCR6 in Ang II-induced renal injury and fibrosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Wild-type and CXCR6-green fluorescent protein (GFP) knockin mice were treated with Ang II via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps at 1500 ng/kg per minute after unilateral nephrectomy for ≤ 4 weeks. Wild-type and CXCR6-GFP knockin mice had virtually identical blood pressure at baseline. Ang II treatment led to an increase in blood pressure that was similar between wild-type and CXCR6-GFP knockin mice. CXCR6-GFP knockin mice were protected from Ang II-induced renal dysfunction, proteinuria, and fibrosis. CXCR6-GFP knockin mice accumulated fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and produced less extracellular matrix protein in the kidneys after Ang II treatment. Furthermore, CXCR6-GFP knockin mice exhibited fewer F4/80(+) macrophages and CD3(+) T cells and expressed less proinflammatory cytokines in the kidneys after Ang II treatment. Finally, wild-type mice engrafted with CXCR6(-/-) bone marrow cells displayed fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts, macrophages, and T cells in the kidney after Ang II treatment when compared with wild-type mice engrafted with CXCR6(+/+) bone marrow cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CXCR6 plays a pivotal role in the development of Ang II-induced renal injury and fibrosis through regulation of macrophage and T-cell infiltration and bone marrow-derived fibroblast accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xia
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Y.X., X.J., J.Y., Y.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.X.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine and the DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (M.L.E.); and Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (Y.W.)
| | - Xiaogao Jin
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Y.X., X.J., J.Y., Y.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.X.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine and the DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (M.L.E.); and Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (Y.W.)
| | - Jingyin Yan
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Y.X., X.J., J.Y., Y.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.X.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine and the DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (M.L.E.); and Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (Y.W.)
| | - Mark L Entman
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Y.X., X.J., J.Y., Y.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.X.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine and the DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (M.L.E.); and Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (Y.W.)
| | - Yanlin Wang
- From the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (Y.X., X.J., J.Y., Y.W.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.X.); Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine and the DeBakey Heart Center, Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (M.L.E.); and Medical Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX (Y.W.).
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Smad3 signaling activates bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in renal fibrosis. J Transl Med 2014; 94:545-56. [PMID: 24614197 PMCID: PMC4006302 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that bone marrow-derived fibroblasts contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the activation of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in the kidney are incompletely understood. As TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling has been shown to have an important role in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis, we investigated the role of Smad3 in the activation of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in the kidney following obstructive injury using Smad3-knockout mice and Smad3-null monocytes. Compared with wild-type mice, Smad3-knockout mice accumulated significantly fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in the kidney after obstructive injury. Furthermore, Smad3-knockout mice exhibited less myofibroblast activation and expressed less α-SMA in the obstructed kidney. Consistent with these findings, genetic deletion of Smad3 reduced total collagen deposition and suppressed the expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Moreover, wild-type mice engrafted with Smad3(-/-) bone marrow cells displayed fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in the kidney with obstructive injury and showed less severe renal fibrosis compared with wild-type mice engrafted with Smad3(+/+) bone marrow cells. In cultured monocytes, TGF-β1 induced phosphorylation of Smad3 and Smad3 deficiency abolished TGF-β1-induced expression of α-SMA and extracellular matrix proteins. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Smad3 signaling has an essential role in the activation of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in the kidney during the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis.
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Kitching AR. Dendritic cells in progressive renal disease: some answers, many questions. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29:2185-93. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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The chemokine receptor CXCR6 contributes to recruitment of bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors in renal fibrosis. Kidney Int 2014; 86:327-37. [PMID: 24646857 PMCID: PMC4117803 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in circulation are of hematopoietic origin, proliferate, differentiate into myofibroblasts, and express the chemokine receptor CXCR6. Since chemokines mediate the trafficking of circulating cells to sites of injury, we studied the role of CXCR6 in mouse models of renal injury. Significantly fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts accumulated in the kidney of CXCR6 knockout mice in response to injury, expressed less profibrotic chemokines and cytokines, displayed fewer myofibroblasts, and expressed less α-smooth muscle actin in the obstructed kidneys compared with wild-type mice. CXCR6 deficiency inhibited total collagen deposition and suppressed expression of collagen I and fibronectin in the obstructed kidneys. Furthermore, wild type mice engrafted with CXCR6−/− bone marrow cells displayed fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in the kidneys with obstructive injury and showed less severe renal fibrosis compared with wild-type mice engrafted with CXCR6+/+ bone marrow cells. Transplant of wild type bone marrow into CXCR6−/− recipients restored recruitment of myeloid fibroblasts and susceptibility to fibrosis. Hematopoietic fibroblasts migrate into injured kidney and proliferate and differentiate into myofibroblasts. Thus, CXCR6, together with other chemokines and their receptors, may play important roles in the recruitment of bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors into the kidney and contribute to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis.
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CCR2 regulates the uptake of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in renal fibrosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77493. [PMID: 24130892 PMCID: PMC3795063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that bone marrow-derived fibroblasts contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the recruitment of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts into the kidney are incompletely understood. Bone marrow-derived fibroblasts express the chemokine receptor--CCR2. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CCR2 participates in the recruitment of fibroblasts into the kidney during the development of renal fibrosis. Bone marrow-derived collagen-expressing GFP⁺ fibroblasts were detected in the obstructed kidneys of chimeric mice transplanted with donor bone marrow from collagen α1(I)-GFP reporter mice. These bone marrow-derived fibroblasts expressed PDGFR-β and CCR2. CCR2 knockout mice accumulated significantly fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblast precursors expressing the hematopoietic marker-CD45 and the mesenchymal markers-PDGFR-β or procollagen I in the obstructed kidneys compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, CCR2 knockout mice displayed fewer bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts and expressed less α-SMA or FSP-1 in the obstructed kidneys compared with wild-type mice. Consistent with these findings, genetic deletion of CCR2 inhibited total collagen deposition and suppressed expression of collagen I and fibronectin. Moreover, genetic deletion of CCR2 inhibits MCP-1 and CXCL16 gene expression associated with a reduction of inflammatory cytokine expression and macrophage infiltration, suggesting a linear interaction between two chemokines/ligand receptors in tubular epithelial cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CCR2 signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis through regulation of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts. These data suggest that inhibition of CCR2 signaling could constitute a novel therapeutic approach for fibrotic kidney disease.
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Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of hypertensive kidney disease. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying the induction of inflammation are poorly understood. We found that chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (CXCL16) was induced in renal tubular epithelial cells in response to angiotensin II in a nuclear factor-κB-dependent manner. To determine whether CXCL16 plays a role in angiotensin II-induced renal inflammation and fibrosis, wild-type and CXCL16 knockout mice were infused with angiotensin II at 1500 ng/kg per minute for up to 4 weeks. Wild-type and CXCL16 knockout mice had comparable blood pressure at baseline. Angiotensin II treatment led to an increase in blood pressure that was similar between wild-type and CXCL16 knockout mice. CXCL16 knockout mice were protected from angiotensin II-induced renal dysfunction, proteinuria, and fibrosis. CXCL16 deficiency suppressed bone marrow-derived fibroblast accumulation and myofibroblast formation in the kidneys of angiotensin II-treated mice, which was associated with less expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Furthermore, CXCL16 deficiency inhibited infiltration of F4/80(+) macrophages and CD3(+) T cells in the kidneys of angiotensin II-treated mice compared with wild-type mice. Finally, CXCL16 deficiency reduced angiotensin II-induced proinflammatory cytokine expressions in the kidneys. Taken together, our results indicate that CXCL16 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of angiotensin II-induced renal injury and fibrosis through regulation of macrophage and T cell infiltration and bone marrow-derived fibroblast accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM395, Houston, TX 77030.
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