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Guardado Yordi E, Pérez Martínez A, Radice M, Scalvenzi L, Abreu-Naranjo R, Uriarte E, Santana L, Matos MJ. Seaweeds as Source of Bioactive Pigments with Neuroprotective and/or Anti-Neurodegenerative Activities: Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:327. [PMID: 39057436 PMCID: PMC11277739 DOI: 10.3390/md22070327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The marine kingdom is an important source of a huge variety of scaffolds inspiring the design of new drugs. The complex molecules found in the oceans present a great challenge to organic and medicinal chemists. However, the wide variety of biological activities they can display is worth the effort. In this article, we present an overview of different seaweeds as potential sources of bioactive pigments with activity against neurodegenerative diseases, especially due to their neuroprotective effects. Along with a broad introduction to seaweed as a source of bioactive pigments, this review is especially focused on astaxanthin and fucoxanthin as potential neuroprotective and/or anti-neurodegenerative agents. PubMed and SciFinder were used as the main sources to search and select the most relevant scientific articles within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Guardado Yordi
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, 160101 Puyo, Ecuador; (E.G.Y.); (A.P.M.); (M.R.); (L.S.); (R.A.-N.)
| | - Amaury Pérez Martínez
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, 160101 Puyo, Ecuador; (E.G.Y.); (A.P.M.); (M.R.); (L.S.); (R.A.-N.)
| | - Matteo Radice
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, 160101 Puyo, Ecuador; (E.G.Y.); (A.P.M.); (M.R.); (L.S.); (R.A.-N.)
| | - Laura Scalvenzi
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, 160101 Puyo, Ecuador; (E.G.Y.); (A.P.M.); (M.R.); (L.S.); (R.A.-N.)
| | - Reinier Abreu-Naranjo
- Universidad Estatal Amazónica, 160101 Puyo, Ecuador; (E.G.Y.); (A.P.M.); (M.R.); (L.S.); (R.A.-N.)
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.U.); (L.S.)
| | - Lourdes Santana
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.U.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria Joao Matos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (E.U.); (L.S.)
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Kayani SI, -Rahman SU, Shen Q, Cui Y, Liu W, Hu X, Zhu F, Huo S. Molecular approaches to enhance astaxanthin biosynthesis; future outlook: engineering of transcription factors in Haematococcus pluvialis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:514-529. [PMID: 37380353 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2208284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are the preferred species for producing astaxanthin because they pose a low toxicity risk than chemical synthesis. Astaxanthin has multiple health benefits and is being used in: medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. Haematococcus pluvialis is a model microalga for astaxanthin biosynthesis; however, its natural astaxanthin content is low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods to improve the biosynthesis of astaxanthin to meet industrial demands, making its commercialization cost-effective. Several strategies related to cultivation conditions are employed to enhance the biosynthesis of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis. However, the mechanism of its regulation by transcription factors is unknown. For the first time, this study critically reviewed the studies on identifying transcription factors, progress in H. pluvialis genetic transformation, and use of phytohormones that increase the gene expression related to astaxanthin biosynthesis. In addition, we propose future approaches, including (i) Cloning and characterization of transcription factors, (ii) Transcriptional engineering through overexpression of positive regulators or downregulation/silencing of negative regulators, (iii) Gene editing for enrichment or deletion of transcription factors binding sites, (iv) Hormonal modulation of transcription factors. This review provides considerable knowledge about the molecular regulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis and the existing research gap. Besides, it provides the basis for transcription factors mediated metabolic engineering of astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf-Ilyas Kayani
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saeed-Ur -Rahman
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xinjuan Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Liu PY, Wu JJ, Li G, Lin CB, Jiang S, Liu S, Wan X. The Biosynthesis of Astaxanthin Esters in Schizochytrium sp. is Mediated by a Bifunctional Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3584-3595. [PMID: 38344823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin esters are a major form of astaxanthin found in nature. However, the exact mechanisms of the biosynthesis and storage of astaxanthin esters were previously unknown. We found that Schizochytrium sp. synthesized both astaxanthin and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched lipids. The major type of astaxanthin produced was free astaxanthin along with astaxanthin-DHA monoester and other esterified forms. DHA accounted for 41.0% of the total fatty acids from astaxanthin monoesters. These compounds were deposited mainly in lipid droplets. The biosynthesis of the astaxanthin esters was mainly carried out by a novel diacylglycerol acyltransferase ScDGAT2-1, while ScDGAT2-2 was involved only in the production of triacylglycerol. We also identified astaxanthin ester synthases from the astaxanthin-producing algae Haematococcus pluvialis and Chromochloris zofingiensis, as well as a thraustochytrid Hondaea fermentalgiana with an unknown carotenoid profile. This investigation enlightens the application of thraustochytrids for the production of both DHA and astaxanthin and provides enzyme resources for the biosynthesis of astaxanthin esters in the engineered microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Gang Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chu-Bin Lin
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430048, China
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
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Mutale-Joan C, El Arroussi H. Biotechnological strategies overcoming limitations to H. pluvialis-derived astaxanthin production and Morocco's potential. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-16. [PMID: 38145395 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2294163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is the richest source of natural astaxanthin, but the production of H. pluvialis-derived astaxanthin is usually limited by its slow cell proliferation and astaxanthin accumulation. Efforts to enhance biomass productivity, astaxanthin accumulation, and extraction are ongoing. This review highlights different approaches that have previously been studied in microalgal species for enhanced biomass productivity, as well as optimized methods for astaxanthin accumulation and extraction, and how these methods could be combined to bypass the challenges limiting natural astaxanthin production, particularly in H. pluvialis, at all stages (biomass production, and astaxanthin accumulation and extraction). Biotechnological approaches, such as overexpressing low CO2 inducible genes, utilizing complementary carbon sources, CRISPR-Cas9 bioengineering, and the use of active compounds, for biomass productivity are outlined. Direct astaxanthin extraction from H. pluvialis zoospores and Morocco's potential for microalgal-based astaxanthin production are equally discussed. This review emphasizes the need to engineer an optimized H. pluvialis-derived astaxanthin production system combining two or more of these strategies for increased growth, and astaxanthin productivity, to compete in the larger, lower-priced market in aquaculture and nutraceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Mutale-Joan
- Algal Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research (MASCIR), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham El Arroussi
- Algal Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation & Research (MASCIR), Rabat, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences (AgBS) program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco
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Byeon H, An Y, Kim T, Rayamajhi V, Lee J, Shin H, Jung S. Effects of Four Organic Carbon Sources on the Growth and Astaxanthin Accumulation of Haematococcus lacustris. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 38255645 PMCID: PMC10820012 DOI: 10.3390/life14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The microalga Haematococcus lacustris has a complex life cycle and a slow growth rate, hampering its mass cultivation. Culture of microalgae with organic carbon sources can increase the growth rate. Few studies have evaluated the effects of organic carbon sources on H. lacustris. We compared the vegetative and inductive stages of H. lacustris under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions using four organic carbon sources: sodium acetate, glycerol, sodium gluconate, and ribose, each at various concentrations (0.325, 0.65, 1.3, and 2.6 g/L). The cell density was increased by 1.3 g/L of glycerol in the vegetative stage. The rapid transition to the inductive stage under nitrogen-depletion conditions caused by 1.3 or 2.6 g/L sodium acetate promoted the accumulation of astaxanthin. The production of astaxanthin by H. lacustris in mass culture using organic carbon sources could increase profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijeong Byeon
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (H.B.)
| | - Yunji An
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (H.B.)
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (H.B.)
| | - Vijay Rayamajhi
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (H.B.)
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Korea Fisheries Resources Agency East Sea Branch, Samho-ro, Buk-gu, Pohang 37601, Gyungsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunWoung Shin
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (H.B.)
- AlgaeBio, Inc., Asan 31459, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SangMok Jung
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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Nishida Y, Berg PC, Shakersain B, Hecht K, Takikawa A, Tao R, Kakuta Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Misawa N, Maoka T. Astaxanthin: Past, Present, and Future. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:514. [PMID: 37888449 PMCID: PMC10608541 DOI: 10.3390/md21100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AX), a lipid-soluble pigment belonging to the xanthophyll carotenoids family, has recently garnered significant attention due to its unique physical properties, biochemical attributes, and physiological effects. Originally recognized primarily for its role in imparting the characteristic red-pink color to various organisms, AX is currently experiencing a surge in interest and research. The growing body of literature in this field predominantly focuses on AXs distinctive bioactivities and properties. However, the potential of algae-derived AX as a solution to various global environmental and societal challenges that threaten life on our planet has not received extensive attention. Furthermore, the historical context and the role of AX in nature, as well as its significance in diverse cultures and traditional health practices, have not been comprehensively explored in previous works. This review article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the history leading up to the present, offering insights into the discovery of AX, its chemical and physical attributes, distribution in organisms, and biosynthesis. Additionally, it delves into the intricate realm of health benefits, biofunctional characteristics, and the current market status of AX. By encompassing these multifaceted aspects, this review aims to provide readers with a more profound understanding and a robust foundation for future scientific endeavors directed at addressing societal needs for sustainable nutritional and medicinal solutions. An updated summary of AXs health benefits, its present market status, and potential future applications are also included for a well-rounded perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
| | | | - Behnaz Shakersain
- AstaReal AB, Signum, Forumvägen 14, Level 16, 131 53 Nacka, Sweden; (P.C.B.); (B.S.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Akiko Takikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Ruohan Tao
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Yumeka Kakuta
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda 669-1330, Japan; (R.T.); (Y.K.); (C.U.); (H.H.)
| | - Norihiko Misawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi 921-8836, Japan;
| | - Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, 15 Shimogamo-morimoto-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
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Radwan B, Prabhakaran A, Rocchetti S, Matuszyk E, Keyes TE, Baranska M. Uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of liposomal astaxanthin on endothelial cells tracked by Raman and fluorescence imaging. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:332. [PMID: 37500736 PMCID: PMC10374751 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is a lipophilic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory natural pigment whose cellular uptake and bioavailability could be improved via liposomal encapsulation. Endothelial cells (EC) line the lumen of all blood vessels and are tasked with multiple roles toward maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Endothelial dysfunction is linked to the development of many diseases and is closely interconnected with oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. The uptake of free and liposomal AXT into EC was investigated using Raman and fluorescence microscopies. AXT was either encapsulated in neutral or cationic liposomes. Enhanced uptake and anti-inflammatory effects of liposomal AXT were observed. The anti-inflammatory effects of liposomal AXT were especially prominent in reducing EC lipid unsaturation, lowering numbers of lipid droplets (LDs), and decreasing intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) overexpression, which is considered a well-known marker for endothelial inflammation. These findings highlight the benefits of AXT liposomal encapsulation on EC and the applicability of Raman imaging to investigate such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basseem Radwan
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Amrutha Prabhakaran
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stefano Rocchetti
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Zhang P, Lu LY, Liao SY, Xu GT, Liu XY, Hu ZL, Xu Y, Wang LY. Cell wall breaking of Haematococcus pluvialis biomass facilitated by Baijiu jiuqu fermentation with simultaneously production of beverages. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:129041. [PMID: 37037338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis is a commercial source of natural astaxanthin. However, mature cells develop rigid three-layer wall structures and a repulsive odor. This study applied a liquid static fermentation system to screen hydrolyzing microorganisms for cell wall hydrolysis. Baijiu jiuqu and Gutian hongqu were found to have promising potential for application. The fermentation using 2% baijiu jiuqu and 2% glucose for pre-activation achieved comparable recovery of carotenoids to homogenizer disruption methods and produced stable fragrance which may be attributed to ethyl octanoate, hexyl formate, and phenethyl butyrate, as revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The abundance of astaxanthin molecules was slightly affected by fermentation with fold change < 2, while molecules with higher fold change (>10) were mainly carbohydrates, lipids, and steroids proving the safety of the fermentation. This study provides a new scheme for the biorefining of Haematococcus. pluvialis, potentially contributing to the industrial production of natural astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lan-Yi Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Liao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gui-Ting Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xin-Yi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhang-Li Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Li-Yan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Yan H, Ding M, Lin J, Zhao L, Han D, Hu Q. Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism as a potential antifungal target for the sustainable cultivation of microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:104. [PMID: 37330505 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are widely considered as multifunctional cell factories that are able to transform the photo-synthetically fixed CO2 to numerous high-value compounds, including lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and pigments. However, contamination of the algal mass culture with fungal parasites continues to threaten the production of algal biomass, which dramatically highlights the importance of developing effective measures to control the fungal infection. One viable solution is to identify potential metabolic pathways that are essential for fungal pathogenicity but are not obligate for algal growth, and to use inhibitors targeting such pathways to restrain the infection. However, such targets remain largely unknown, making it challenging to develop effective measures to mitigate the infection in algal mass culture. RESULTS In the present study, we conducted RNA-Seq analysis for the fungus Paraphysoderma sedebokerense, which can infect the astaxanthin-producing microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. It was found that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) were enriched in P. sedebokerense, which was assumed to produce metabolites required for the fungal parasitism. To verify this hypothesis, antifolate that hampered FOCM was applied to the culture systems. Results showed that when 20 ppm of the antifolate co-trimoxazole were added, the infection ratio decreased to ~ 10% after 9 days inoculation (for the control, the infection ratio was 100% after 5 days inoculation). Moreover, application of co-trimoxazole to H. pluvialis mono-culture showed no obvious differences in the biomass and pigment accumulation compared with the control, suggesting that this is a potentially algae-safe, fungi-targeted treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that applying antifolate to H. pluvialis culturing systems can abolish the infection of the fungus P. sedebokerense and the treatment shows no obvious disturbance to the algal culture, suggesting FOCM is a potential target for antifungal drug design in the microalgal mass culture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Yan
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Meng Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Juan Lin
- Poyang Lake Eco-Economy Research Center, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Demeter Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Qiang Hu
- College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Feng L, Guo W, Guo J, Zhang X, Zou X, Rao M, Ye J, Kuang C, Chen G, Chen C, Qin S, Yang W, Cheng J. FIB-SEM analysis on three-dimensional structures of growing organelles in wild Chlorella pyrenoidosa cells. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:885-897. [PMID: 36416933 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To clarify dynamic changes of organelle microstructures in Chlorella pyrenoidosa cells during photosynthetic growth with CO2 fixation, three-dimensional (3D) organelle microstructures in three growth periods of meristem, elongation, and maturity were quantitatively determined and comprehensively reconstructed with focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). The single round-pancake mitochondria in each cell split into a dumbbell and then into a circular ring, while the barycenter distance of mitochondria to chloroplast and nucleus was reduced to 45.5% and 88.3% to strengthen energy transfer, respectively. The single pyrenoid consisting of a large part and another small part in each chloroplast gradually developed to a mature state in which the two parts were nearly equal in size. The nucleolus progressively became larger with euchromatin replication. The number of starch grains gradually increased, but the mean grain volume remained nearly unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Guo
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiangbo Zou
- Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mumin Rao
- Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ji Ye
- Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Cao Kuang
- Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Gongda Chen
- Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chuangting Chen
- Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shiwei Qin
- Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Weijuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Yuan WC, Wu TY, Chu PY, Chang FR, Wu YC. High-Purity Bioactive Ingredient—3S,3′S-Astaxanthin: A New Preparation from Genetically Modified Kluyveromyces marxianus without Column Chromatography and Gel Filtration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040875. [PMID: 37107250 PMCID: PMC10135142 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient methodology for bioactive ingredient 3S,3′S-astaxanthin (3S,3′S-AST) preparation from genetically modified yeast (Kluyveromyces marxianus) with a combination of enzyme-assisted extraction and salt-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) was achieved. The highest yield of 3S,3′S-AST indicated that FoodPro® CBL for yeast cell walls hydrolysis could significantly enhance extraction and obtain, with the help of SALLE procedure, quantified 3S,3′S-AST over 99% in purity through cation chelation. In the oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay, the antioxidant capacity of high-purity 3S,3′S-AST products were 18.3 times higher than that of the original raw material extract. This new combination preparation may replace previous methods and has the potential to be scaled up in the manufacture of high-purity 3S,3′S-AST from low-value bioresources of raw materials to high-value products in the food and/or drug industries with lower cost and simple equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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12
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Genetic Improvement to Obtain Specialized Haematococcus pluvialis Genotypes for the Production of Carotenoids, with Particular Reference to Astaxanthin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the search for natural substances with a high nutraceutical effect positively impact the world market. Among the most attractive macromolecules are antioxidants, capable of preventing the development of various pathologies. Astaxanthin (ASX) is antioxidant molecule produced by the microalga H. pluvialis as a response to different types of stress. Usually, astaxanthin production involves the first phase of accumulation of the biomass of H. pluvialis (green phase), which is then stressed to stimulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of ASX (red phase). In this study, the H. pluvialis wild-type strain was subjected to random mutagenesis by UV. Among the different mutant strains obtained, only two showed interesting bio-functional characteristics, such as a good growth rate. The results demonstrated that the HM1010 mutant not only has a higher growth trend than the WT mutant but accumulates and produces ASX even in the green phase. This innovative genotype would guarantee the continuous production of ASX, not linked to the two-step process and the uniqueness of the product obtained.
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13
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Protoplast Preparation for Algal Single-Cell Omics Sequencing. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020538. [PMID: 36838504 PMCID: PMC9962006 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is an evolutionary technique for conducting life science research, providing the highest genome-sale throughput and single-cell resolution and unprecedented capabilities in addressing mechanistic and operational questions. Unfortunately, the current SCS pipeline cannot be directly applied to algal research as algal cells have cell walls, which makes RNA extraction hard for the current SCS platforms. Fortunately, effective methods are available for producing algal protoplasts (cells without cell walls), which can be directly fed into current SCS pipelines. In this review, we first summarize the cell wall structure and chemical composition of algal cell walls, particularly in Chlorophyta, then summarize the advances made in preparing algal protoplasts using physical, chemical, and biological methods, followed by specific cases of algal protoplast production in some commonly used eukaryotic algae. This review provides a timely primer to those interested in applying SCS in eukaryotic algal research.
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14
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Duan X, Xie C, Hill DRA, Barrow CJ, Dunshea FR, Martin GJO, Suleria HA. Bioaccessibility, Bioavailability and Bioactivities of Carotenoids in Microalgae: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2023.2165095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Duan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Cundong Xie
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David R. A. Hill
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin J. Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gregory J. O. Martin
- Algal Processing Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hafiz A.R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
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15
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Yan H, Ma H, Li Y, Zhao L, Lin J, Jia Q, Hu Q, Han D. Oxidative stress facilitates infection of the unicellular alga Haematococcus pluvialis by the fungus Paraphysoderma sedebokerense. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:56. [PMID: 35596207 PMCID: PMC9123766 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is used as a cell factory for producing astaxanthin, the high-value carotenoid with multiple biological functions. However, H. pluvialis is prone to the infection by a parasitic fungus Paraphysoderma sedebokerense, which is the most devastating threat to the mass culture of H. pluvialis all over the world. Through dissecting the mechanisms underlying the infection process, effective measures could be developed to mitigate the pathogen threatening for the natural astaxanthin industry. By far, understanding about the interaction between the algal host and fungal pathogen remains very limited. Results We observed that there were heat-stable substances with small molecular weight produced during the infection process and enhanced the susceptibility of H. pluvialis cells to the pathogen. The infection ratio increased from 10.2% (for the algal cells treated with the BG11 medium as the control) to 52.9% (for the algal cells treated with supernatant contained such substances) on the second day post-infection, indicating the yet unknown substances in the supernatant stimulated the parasitism process. Systematic approaches including multi-omics, biochemical and imaging analysis were deployed to uncover the identity of the metabolites and the underlying mechanisms. Two metabolites, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and hordenine were identified and proved to stimulate the infection via driving oxidative stress to the algal cells. These metabolites generated hydroxyl radicals to disrupt the subcellular components of the algal cells and to make the algal cells more susceptible to the infection. Based on these findings, a biosafe and environment-friendly antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was selected to inhibit the fungal infection, which completely abolished the infection at 12 ppm. By applying 7 ppm BHA every 2 days to the algal cell culture infected with P. sedebokerense in the 100 L open raceway ponds, the biomass of H. pluvialis reached 0.448 g/L, which was comparable to that of the control (0.473 g/L). Conclusions This study provides for the first time, a framework to dissect the functions of secondary metabolites in the interaction between the unicellular alga H. pluvialis and its fungal parasite, indicating that oxidative degradation is a strategy used for the fungal infest. Eliminating the oxidative burst through adding antioxidant BHA could be an effective measure to reduce parasitic infection in H. pluvialis mass culture. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02140-y.
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Samuel SY, Wang HMD, Huang MY, Cheng YS, Chen JR, Li WH, Chang JJ. Safety Assessment of 3S, 3'S Astaxanthin Derived from Metabolically Engineered K. marxianus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2288. [PMID: 36421474 PMCID: PMC9687027 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reviews have already explored the safety and bioavailability of astaxanthin, as well as its beneficial effects on human body. The great commercial potential in a variety of industries, such as the pharmaceutical and health supplement industries, has led to a skyrocketing demand for natural astaxanthin. In this study, we have successfully optimized the astaxanthin yield up to 12.8 mg/g DCW in a probiotic yeast and purity to 97%. We also verified that it is the desired free-form 3S, 3'S configurational stereoisomer by NMR and FITR that can significantly increase the bioavailability of astaxanthin. In addition, we have proven that our extracted astaxanthin crystals have higher antioxidant capabilities compared with natural esterified astaxanthin from H. pluvialis. We also screened for potential adverse effects of the pure astaxanthin crystals extracted from the engineered probiotic yeast by dosing SD rats with 6, 12, and 24 mg/kg/day of astaxanthin crystals via oral gavages for a 13-week period and have found no significant biological differences between the control and treatment groups in rats of both genders, further confirming the safety of astaxanthin crystals. This study demonstrates that developing metabolically engineered microorganisms provides a safe and feasible approach for the bio-based production of many beneficial compounds, including astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Yeo Samuel
- Trade Wind Biotech Co., Ltd., Taipei 11574, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yuan Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shen Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
- College of Future, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jui-Jen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
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17
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Effects of Treatment and Pre-treatment of Ethanolamine on Production of Metabolites in Haematococcus pluvialis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-022-01378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Zhao K, Li Y, Yan H, Hu Q, Han D. Regulation of Light Spectra on Cell Division of the Unicellular Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis: Insights from Physiological and Lipidomic Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121956. [PMID: 35741084 PMCID: PMC9221946 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercial scale production of natural astaxanthin is currently conducted through cultivation of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. This study comprehensively investigated the impact of seven different light spectra on the growth, morphology and photosynthesis of H. pluvialis vegetative cells. Further, the lipidomes of vegetative H. pluvialis grown under various light spectra were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The results showed the existence of blue light—alone or with red light—promoted cell division, while pure red light or white light enabled increased cell sizes, cellular pigment, starch and lipid contents, and biomass production. Although the photosynthetic performance of H. pluvialis measured as chlorophyll a fluorescence was not significantly affected by light spectra, the lipid profiles, particularly chloroplast membrane lipids, showed remarkable changes with light spectra. The contents of most lipid species in the blue/red light 1/2 group, which showed the fastest cell division, remained at a moderate level compared with those under other light spectra, indicating the fastest dividing cells were featured by a fine-tuned lipid profile. From biotechnical perspective, this comprehensive study can provide insights into the development of appropriate light regimes to promote the cell density or biomass of H. pluvialis mass culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhao
- Center for Microalgal Biofuels and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (K.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Center for Microalgal Biofuels and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (K.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hailong Yan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (H.Y.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qiang Hu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (H.Y.); (Q.H.)
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biofuels and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (K.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Fei Z, Liao J, Fan F, Wan M, Bai W, He M, Li Y. Improving astaxanthin production by using multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate green cells of Haematococcus pluvialis. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Multispectral imaging flow cytometry for process monitoring in microalgae biotechnology. MICRO AND NANO ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mne.2022.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Krohn I, Menanteau‐Ledouble S, Hageskal G, Astafyeva Y, Jouannais P, Nielsen JL, Pizzol M, Wentzel A, Streit WR. Health benefits of microalgae and their microbiomes. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1966-1983. [PMID: 35644921 PMCID: PMC9249335 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae comprise a phylogenetically very diverse group of photosynthetic unicellular pro‐ and eukaryotic organisms growing in marine and other aquatic environments. While they are well explored for the generation of biofuels, their potential as a source of antimicrobial and prebiotic substances have recently received increasing interest. Within this framework, microalgae may offer solutions to the societal challenge we face, concerning the lack of antibiotics treating the growing level of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and fungi in clinical settings. While the vast majority of microalgae and their associated microbiota remain unstudied, they may be a fascinating and rewarding source for novel and more sustainable antimicrobials and alternative molecules and compounds. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge on health benefits of microalgae and their associated microbiota. Finally, we describe remaining issues and limitation, and suggest several promising research potentials that should be given attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Krohn
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Gunhild Hageskal
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine SINTEF Industry Trondheim Norway
| | - Yekaterina Astafyeva
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department for Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
| | - Massimo Pizzol
- Department of Planning Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
| | - Alexander Wentzel
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine SINTEF Industry Trondheim Norway
| | - Wolfgang R. Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
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22
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Alateyah N, Ahmad SMS, Gupta I, Fouzat A, Thaher MI, Das P, Al Moustafa AE, Ouhtit A. Haematococcus pluvialis Microalgae Extract Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion, and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:882956. [PMID: 35634400 PMCID: PMC9130701 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.882956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant cancer in females worldwide. Drug resistance, toxicity, and the failure of current therapies to completely cure BC has challenged conventional medicine. Consequently, complementary alternative medicine has become popular due to its safety and efficacy. Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pulvialis) is a green microalga living in fresh water, and its crude extract is rich of bioactives, including carotenoids, known to inhibit cancer cell growth. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a methanol crude extract called “T1” of H. pulvialis on cell growth and migration/invasion of the BC cell line MDA-MB-231 in comparison to the fibroblast control cells. TI significantly suppressed BC cell growth, inhibited migration and invasion and induced apoptosis. Interestingly, apoptosis was mediated by a significant loss of mutant p53 protein, and increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Our findings support our hypothesis that T1 exerts its anti-cancer effects by inhibiting BC invasion and inducing apoptosis mediated, at least, via the p53/Bax/Bcl2 pathway. Ongoing experiments aim to identify the molecular mechanisms underpinning T1-inhibited BC cell invasion using pre-designed metastasis gene-based array method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouralhuda Alateyah
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salma M. S. Ahmad
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arij Fouzat
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim Thaher
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Probir Das
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Allal Ouhtit,
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Zhang X, Ren X, Zhao X, Liu H, Wang M, Zhu Y. Stability, structure, and antioxidant activity of astaxanthin crystal from
Haematococcus pluvialis. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Jinan Jinan China
| | - Xiangrui Ren
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Jinan Jinan China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Jinan Jinan China
| | - Hongkai Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Jinan Jinan China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Jinan Jinan China
| | - Yunping Zhu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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24
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The Dynamic Behaviors of Photosynthesis during Non-Motile Cell Germination in Haematococcus pluvialis. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis undergoes a three-phase process during the process of germination: first, repeated mitotic events; next, cytokinesis to form the zoospore; and finally, a fast release of motile cells. Physiological properties were measured using chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) transient. The most obvious increase in K-value and L-value appeared at 17 h, suggesting that oxygen-evolving complex damage and lower energetic connectivity of the photosystem II units of the mother non-motile cell occurred. Compared to phase I, the values of the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (FV/FM) and PIABS increased significantly in phases II and III, suggesting that photosynthetic photochemical activity was greatly up-regulated during cytokinesis to form zoospores and the fast release of motile cells. Moreover, the significant increase in the K-band at 17 h and 22 h indicates that the PSII donor side was the limiting factor during the initial period of germination. All these results suggest that the cellular photosynthetic activity continues to strengthen during cytokinesis to form the zoospore and the fast release of motile cells, and it was postulated to meet the demands for sporangium swelling and new organelle formation.
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Astaxanthin as a Potential Antioxidant to Improve Health and Production Performance of Broiler Chicken. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:4919442. [PMID: 35465402 PMCID: PMC9023177 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4919442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest in carotenoids has increased due to their antioxidant and production performance. Astaxanthin (AST) is a xanthophyll carotenoid abundantly distributed in microalgae, which is described as a highly potent antioxidant. Therefore, recent studies have tended to investigate the role of antioxidants in improving metabolic processes and physiological functioning of the body. It is now evident that AST could significantly reduce free radicals and oxidative stress and help to maintain a healthy state. Moreover, AST also could improve the performance of broiler chicken by increasing the daily feed intake, followed by improvement in the food conversion rate.
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Liu R, Li S, Tu Y, Hao X, Qiu F. Recovery of value-added products by mining microalgae. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114512. [PMID: 35066198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae blooms are always blamed for the interruption of the aquatic environment and pose a risk to the source of drinking water. Meanwhile, microalgae as primary producers are a kind of resource pool and could benefit the environment and contribute to building a circular economy. The lipid and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in the cells of microalgae could be alternatives to fossil fuels and plastics, respectively, which are the culprits of global warming and plastic pollution. Besides, some microalgae are rich in nutrients, such as proteins and astaxanthin, which make themselves suitable for feed additives. As wastewater is rich in nutrients necessary for microalgae, thus, value-added product recovery via microalgae could be an approach to valorizing wastewater. However, a one-size-fits-all approach deploying various wastewater for the above products cannot be summarized. On the contrary, specific technical protocols should be tailored regarding each product in microalgae biomass with various wastewater. Thus, this review is to summarize the research effort by far on wastewater-cultivated microalgae for value-added products. Wastewater type, regulation methods, and targeted product yields are compiled and discussed and are expected to guide future extrapolation into a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranbin Liu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Siqi Li
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yingfan Tu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Fuguo Qiu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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Enhancement of Astaxanthin and Fatty Acid Production in Haematococcus pluvialis Using Strigolactone. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Improving the production rate of high-value nutraceutical compounds, such as astaxanthin and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is important for the commercialization of Haematococcus pluvialis biorefineries. Here, the effects of a phytohormone, strigolactone analog rac-GR24, on cell growth and astaxanthin and fatty acid biosynthesis in H. pluvialis were investigated. Four concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8 µM) of rac-GR24 were initially added during 30 days of photoautotrophic cultivation. The addition of rac-GR24 improved cell number density and chlorophyll concentration in H. pluvialis cultures compared to the control; the optimal concentration was 8 µM. Despite a slightly reduced astaxanthin content of 30-d-old cyst cells, the astaxanthin production (26.1 ± 1.7 mg/L) improved by 21% compared to the rac-GR24-free control (21.6 ± 1.5 mg/L), owing to improved biomass production. Notably, at the highest dosage of 8 µM rac-GR24, the total fatty acid content of the treated H. pluvialis cells (899.8 pg/cell) was higher than that of the untreated cells (762.5 pg/cell), resulting in a significant increase in the total fatty acid production (361.6 ± 48.0 mg/L; 61% improvement over the control). The ratio of PUFAs, such as linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids, among total fatty acids was high (41.5–44.6% w/w) regardless of the rac-GR24 dose.
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Dittrich PG, Kraus D, Ehrhardt E, Henkel T, Notni G. Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry with Spatially and Spectrally Resolving Snapshot-Mosaic Cameras for the Characterization and Classification of Bioparticles. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020238. [PMID: 35208362 PMCID: PMC8879709 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the development and optimization of biotechnological cultivation processes the continuous monitoring through the acquisition and interpretation of spectral and morphological properties of bioparticles are challenging. There is therefore a need for the parallel acquisition and interpretation of spatially and spectrally resolved measurements with which particles can be characterized and classified in-flow with high throughput. Therefore, in this paper we investigated the scientific and technological connectivity of standard imaging flow cytometry (IFC) with filter-on-chip based spatially and spectrally resolving snapshot-mosaic cameras for photonic sensing and control in a smart and innovative microfluidic device. For the investigations presented here we used the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis (HP). These microalgae are used commercially to produce the antioxidant keto-carotenoid astaxanthin. Therefore, HP is relevant to practically demonstrate the usability of the developed system for Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry (MIFC) platform. The extension of standard IFC with snapshot-mosaic cameras and multivariate data processing is an innovative approach for the in-flow characterization and derived classification of bioparticles. Finally, the multispectral data acquisition and the therefore developed methodology is generalizable and enables further applications far beyond the here characterized population of HP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Gerald Dittrich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Group for Quality Assurance and Industrial Image Processing, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Platz 2, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Kraus
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (D.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Enrico Ehrhardt
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e. V., Erich-Neuß-Weg 5, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Thomas Henkel
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (D.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Gunther Notni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Group for Quality Assurance and Industrial Image Processing, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Gustav-Kirchhoff-Platz 2, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany;
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A Two-Step Process for Improved Biomass Production and Non-Destructive Astaxanthin and Carotenoids Accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids extracted from microalgae have a considerable economic interest in numerous high-value markets. Natural astaxanthin has gained much interest in its powerful antioxidant properties, however, its commercial-scale production is still challenging. In this study, a simple and economical way to cultivate Haematococcus pluvialis (CCAP 34/1D) by a two-step process was investigated by exploring alternative strategies to maximise algal growth and astaxanthin yield. During the first step—improving biomass production—four nitrogen sources were tested (NH4Cl, NaNO3, Fe(III)NO3, and urea). The second step—carotenogenesis induction—was achieved by using a mix of moderate stressors that worked in synergy (i.e., mild light, nitrogen limitation, the addition of sodium acetate at 0.25% w/v), thereby minimising potential losses of the accumulated biomass caused, for example, by photobleaching or nitrogen starvation. Results showed that urea was the nitrogen source, allowing the highest cell density and growth rate. In terms of carotenogenesis induction, the use of mild stressors resulted in three out of four treatments having a relative increase in cell number (13.8–26.7%) and a concomitant increase in astaxanthin yield. Simple low-cost strategies, such as small adjustments to media recipes and synergism between mild stressors, could bring a disproportionate effect on the future successes of making algal biotechnology a widespread reality.
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Role of Autophagy in Haematococcus lacustris Cell Growth under Salinity. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11020197. [PMID: 35050085 PMCID: PMC8778389 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The microalga Haematococcus lacustris (formerly H. pluvialis) is able to accumulate high amounts of the carotenoid astaxanthin in the course of adaptation to stresses like salinity. Technologies aimed at production of natural astaxanthin for commercial purposes often involve salinity stress; however, after a switch to stressful conditions, H. lacustris experiences massive cell death which negatively influences astaxanthin yield. This study addressed the possibility to improve cell survival in H. lacustris subjected to salinity via manipulation of the levels of autophagy using AZD8055, a known inhibitor of TOR kinase previously shown to accelerate autophagy in several microalgae. Addition of NaCl in concentrations of 0.2% or 0.8% to the growth medium induced formation of autophagosomes in H. lacustris, while simultaneous addition of AZD8055 up to a final concentration of 0.2 µM further stimulated this process. AZD8055 significantly improved the yield of H. lacustris cells after 5 days of exposure to 0.2% NaCl. Strikingly, this occurred by acceleration of cell growth, and not by acceleration of aplanospore formation. The level of astaxanthin synthesis was not affected by AZD8055. However, cytological data suggested a role of autophagosomes, lysosomes and Golgi cisternae in cell remodeling during high salt stress.
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31
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Wang Y, Jia J, Chi Q, Li Y, Wang H, Gong Y, Liu G, Hu Z, Han D, Hu Q. Critical assessment of the filamentous green microalga Oedocladium carolinianum for astaxanthin and oil production. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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32
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Nishida Y, Nawaz A, Hecht K, Tobe K. Astaxanthin as a Novel Mitochondrial Regulator: A New Aspect of Carotenoids, beyond Antioxidants. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010107. [PMID: 35010981 PMCID: PMC8746862 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a member of the carotenoid family that is found abundantly in marine organisms, and has been gaining attention in recent years due to its varied biological/physiological activities. It has been reported that astaxanthin functions both as a pigment, and as an antioxidant with superior free radical quenching capacity. We recently reported that astaxanthin modulated mitochondrial functions by a novel mechanism independent of its antioxidant function. In this paper, we review astaxanthin’s well-known antioxidant activity, and expand on astaxanthin’s lesser-known molecular targets, and its role in mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Fuji Chemical Industries, Co., Ltd., 55 Yokohoonji, Kamiich-machi, Nakaniikawa-gun, Toyama 930-0405, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (A.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Allah Nawaz
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (A.N.); (K.T.)
| | - Karen Hecht
- AstaReal, Inc., 3 Terri Lane, Unit 12, Burlington, NJ 08016, USA;
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.N.); (A.N.); (K.T.)
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33
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Liu M, Zhang J, Ye J, Qi Q, Hou J. Morphological and Metabolic Engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica to Increase β-Carotene Production. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:3551-3560. [PMID: 34762415 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica represents an environmentally friendly platform cell factory for β-carotene production. However, Y. lipolytica is a dimorphic species that can undergo a yeast-to-mycelium transition when exposed to stress. The mycelial form is unfavorable for industrial fermentation. In this study, β-carotene-producing Y. lipolytica strains were constructed via the integration of multiple copies of 13 genes related to the β-carotene biosynthesis pathway. The β-carotene content increased by 11.7-fold compared with the start strain T1. As the β-carotene content increased, the oval-shaped yeast form was gradually replaced by hyphae, implying that the accumulation of β-carotene in Y. lipolytica induces a morphological transition. To relieve this metabolic stress, the strains were morphologically engineered by deleting CLA4 and MHY1 genes to convert the mycelium back to the yeast form, which further increased the β-carotene production by 139%. In fed-batch fermentation, the engineered strain produced 7.6 g/L and 159 mg/g DCW β-carotene, which is the highest titer and content reported to date. The morphological engineering strategy developed here may be useful for enhancing chemical synthesis in dimorphic yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jingrun Ye
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
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Liu X, Ma X, Wang H, Li S, Yang W, Nugroho RD, Luo L, Zhou X, Tang C, Fan Y, Zhao Q, Zhang J, Chen R. Metabolic engineering of astaxanthin-rich maize and its use in the production of biofortified eggs. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1812-1823. [PMID: 33780119 PMCID: PMC8428828 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Production of the high-value carotenoid astaxanthin, which is widely used in food and feed due to its strong antioxidant activity and colour, is less efficient in cereals than in model plants. Here, we report a new strategy for expressing β-carotene ketolase and hydroxylase genes from algae, yeasts and flowering plants in the whole seed using a seed-specific bidirectional promoter. Engineered maize events were backcrossed to inbred maize lines with yellow endosperm to generate progenies that accumulate astaxanthin from 47.76 to 111.82 mg/kg DW in seeds, and the maximum level is approximately sixfold higher than those in previous reports (16.2-16.8 mg/kg DW) in cereals. A feeding trial with laying hens indicated that they could take up astaxanthin from the maize and accumulate it in egg yolks (12.10-14.15 mg/kg) without affecting egg production and quality, as observed using astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Storage stability evaluation analysis showed that the optimal conditions for long-term storage of astaxanthin-rich maize are at 4 °C in the dark. This study shows that co-expressing of functional genes driven by seed-specific bidirectional promoter could dramatically boost astaxanthin biosynthesis in every parts of kernel including embryo, aleurone layer and starch endosperm other than previous reports in the starch endosperm only. And the staple crop maize could serve as a cost-effective plant factory for reliably producing astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuhui Ma
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Suzhen Li
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ramdhan Dwi Nugroho
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lili Luo
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojin Zhou
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yunliu Fan
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal NutritionInstitute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Rumei Chen
- Crop Functional Genome Research CenterBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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35
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Kim TY, Lee SH, Lee SY. Two newly identified Haematococcus strains efficiently accumulated radioactive cesium over higher astaxanthin production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111301. [PMID: 33984306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the morphological, genomic and bioaccumulation characteristics of two isolated Haematococcus strains (namely Goyang and Sogang), which were newly discovered in South Korea. Morphological analysis revealed that the isolated strains were unicellular and bi-flagellated green microalgae that formed thickened walls at the palmelloid or red-cyst phase. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA and rbcL gDNA sequences demonstrated that both strains were taxonomically related to the genus Haematococcus. The two strains showed growth pattern that was similar to a typical Haematococcus strain, and accumulated astaxanthin within 48 h of exposure to intensive light. Both red-cyst cells effectively removed radioactive cesium to more than 50% within 48 h from low-level cesium-contaminated water of 5 Bq/ml concentration. The cesium-accumulation mechanism is largely associated with the replacement of cellular potassium in thick cell walls during biouptake, and the cesium-removal rate highly depends on the corresponding astaxanthin accumulation involving the potassium-transporting protein (P-type ATPase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yop Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro 35, Mapo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Radice RP, Fiorentino R, De Luca M, Limongi AR, Viviano E, Bermano G, Martelli G. An innovative protocol to select the best growth phase for astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 31:e00655. [PMID: 34258244 PMCID: PMC8253952 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
H. pluvialis non-motile cells produce more astaxanthin. H. pluvialis cells could be separated, based on their size, by an electric field. H. pluvialis non-motile cells are bigger than motile cells, and it's possible to recovery non-motile cells using this innovative protocol.
H. pluvialis is a green unicellular microalgae and it is the first producer of natural astaxanthin in the world if subjected to stress conditions such as high light, high salinity and nutrient starvation. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant used in many fields, such as aquaculture, pharmaceutical, food supplements and cosmetic. To obtain a large amount of astaxanthin, researcher focused on the optimisation of H. pluvialis growth. H. pluvialis has four different size growth stage (macrozooids, microzooids, palmelloid and “red non-motile astaxanthin accumulated encysted”), and astaxanthin production occur in the last phase. Recent studies shown that non-motile cells can produce more astaxanthin than motile cells if subjected to light stress. For these reasons, the aim of this study is to find a new and innovative methodology to select and recovery H. pluvialis in his last growth phase thanks to an electrophoretic run, and optimize, in this way, astaxanthin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Paola Radice
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy.,Bioinnova s.r.l.s, via Ponte Nove Luci 9, 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy.,Department of science, University of Basilicata, via dell'ateneo lucano 10
| | - Rocco Fiorentino
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy
| | - Maria De Luca
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy.,ALMACABIO Srl, C/so Italia 27, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Antonina Rita Limongi
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy.,Bioinnova s.r.l.s, via Ponte Nove Luci 9, 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy
| | - Emanuele Viviano
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy.,Thema Informatik s.r.l., Via Ressel 2/F, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bermano
- Centre for Obesity Research and Education (CORE), School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Martelli
- University of Basilicata, Viale dell'AteneoLucano, 1 85100 Potenza (Pz), Italy
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Enhancing carbohydrate repartitioning into lipid and carotenoid by disruption of microalgae starch debranching enzyme. Commun Biol 2021; 4:450. [PMID: 33837247 PMCID: PMC8035404 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Light/dark cycling is an inherent condition of outdoor microalgae cultivation, but is often unfavorable for lipid accumulation. This study aims to identify promising targets for metabolic engineering of improved lipid accumulation under outdoor conditions. Consequently, the lipid-rich mutant Chlamydomonas sp. KOR1 was developed through light/dark-conditioned screening. During dark periods with depressed CO2 fixation, KOR1 shows rapid carbohydrate degradation together with increased lipid and carotenoid contents. KOR1 was subsequently characterized with extensive mutation of the ISA1 gene encoding a starch debranching enzyme (DBE). Dynamic time-course profiling and metabolomics reveal dramatic changes in KOR1 metabolism throughout light/dark cycles. During light periods, increased flux from CO2 through glycolytic intermediates is directly observed to accompany enhanced formation of small starch-like particles, which are then efficiently repartitioned in the next dark cycle. This study demonstrates that disruption of DBE can improve biofuel production under light/dark conditions, through accelerated carbohydrate repartitioning into lipid and carotenoid.
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38
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Mussagy CU, Khan S, Kot AM. Current developments on the application of microbial carotenoids as an alternative to synthetic pigments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6932-6946. [PMID: 33798005 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1908222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial carotenoids have attracted rising interest from several industries as a sustainable alternative to substitute the synthetic ones. Traditionally, carotenoids available in the market are obtained by the chemical route using nonrenewable sources (petrochemicals), revealing the negative impact on the environment and consumers. The most promising developments in the upstream and downstream processes of microbial carotenoids are reviewed in this work. The use of agro-based raw materials for bioproduction, and alternative solvents such as biosolvents, deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids for the recovery/polishing of microbial carotenoids were also reviewed. The principal advances in the field, regarding the biorefinery and circular economy concepts, were also discussed for a better understanding of the current developments. This review provides comprehensive overview of the hot topics in the field besides an exhaustive analysis of the main advantages/drawbacks and opportunities regarding the implementation of microbial carotenoids in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sabir Khan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria Kot
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Pan M, Zhu X, Pan G, Angelidak I. Integrated valorization system for simultaneous high strength organic wastewater treatment and astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124761. [PMID: 33503516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-strength organic wastewater, e.g., potato juice wastewater, exerts high stress on the environment. This study proposes an integrated system for simultaneous high-strength organic wastewater treatment and nutrients upcycling for astaxanthin production by the combination of anaerobic processes and microalgae (Haematococcus pluvialis) cultivation. The potato juice wastewater was pretreated by either acidification or methanation. The effluents of both pretreatments achieved higher biomass yields of H. pluvialis compared to cultivation in standard culture media (control). The high acetate and potassium concentrations of the acidification effluents resulted in significantly higher astaxanthin production (24.5-27.9 mg g-1, 3 days) compared to the control (14.7 mg g-1, 12 days) in a shorter period. The integrated system contributed to a final removal efficiency of 51.3-75.8%, 86.5-98.3%, and 69.4-83.4% for COD, phosphorus, and ammonia, respectively. This study presents a promising two-stage process for simultaneous efficient methane and astaxanthin production, as well as remediation of high-strength organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Pan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Gang Pan
- Sino-Danish College of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Centre of Integrated Water-Energy-Food Studies (iWEF), School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Irini Angelidak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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40
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Kraus D, Kleiber A, Ehrhardt E, Leifheit M, Horbert P, Urban M, Gleichmann N, Mayer G, Popp J, Henkel T. Three step flow focusing enables image-based discrimination and sorting of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249192. [PMID: 33780476 PMCID: PMC8007022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Label-free and gentle separation of cell stages with desired target properties from mixed stage populations are a major research task in modern biotechnological cultivation process and optimization of micro algae. The reported microfluidic sorter system (MSS) allows the subsequent investigation of separated subpopulations. The implementation of a viability preserving MSS is shown for separation of late stage 1 Haematococcus pluvialis (HP) cells form a mixed stage population. The MSS combines a three-step flow focusing unit for aligning the cells in single file transportation mode at the center of the microfluidic channel with a pure hydrodynamic sorter structure for cell sorting. Lateral displacement of the cells into one of the two outlet channels is generated by piezo-actuated pump chambers. In-line decision making for sorting is based on a user-definable set of image features and properties. The reported MSS significantly increased the purity of target cells in the sorted population (94%) in comparison to the initial mixed stage population (19%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kraus
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Enrico Ehrhardt
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e. V. (GMBU), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Leifheit
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e. V. (GMBU), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Peter Horbert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Günter Mayer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Henkel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
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41
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Lin J, Yan H, Zhao L, Li Y, Nahidian B, Zhu M, Hu Q, Han D. Interaction between the cell walls of microalgal host and fungal carbohydrate-activate enzymes is essential for the pathogenic parasitism process. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5114-5130. [PMID: 33723900 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fungi can parasitize microalgae, exerting profound impacts on both the aquatic ecosystems and microalgal mass cultures. In this study, the unicellular green alga Haematococcus pluvialis and the blastocladialean fungus Paraphysoderma sedebokerense were used as a model system to address the mechanisms underlying the fungal parasitism on the algal host. High-throughput metabolic assay indicated that P. sedebokerense can utilize several carbon sources with a preference for mannose, glucose and their oligosaccharides, which was compatible with the profile of the host algal cell walls enriched with glucan and mannan. The results of dual transcriptomics analysis suggested that P. sedebokerense can upregulate a large number of putative carbohydrate-activate enzymes (CAZymes) encoding genes, including those coding for the endo-1,4-β-glucanase and endo-1,4-β-mannanase during the infection process. The cell walls of H. pluvialis can be decomposed by both P. sedebokerense and commercial CAZymes (e.g. cellulase and endo-1,4-β-mannanase) to produce mannooligomers, while several putative parasitism-related genes of P. sedebokerense can be in turn upregulated by mannooligomers. In addition, the parasitism can be blocked by interfering the selected CAZymes including glucanase, mannanase and lysozyme with the specific inhibitors, which provided a framework for screening suitable compounds for pathogen mitigation in algal mass culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lin
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Poyang Lake Eco-economy Research Center, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bahareh Nahidian
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mianmian Zhu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 51806, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Danxiang Han
- Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,Key Laboratory for Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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42
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Morphological bases of phytoplankton energy management and physiological responses unveiled by 3D subcellular imaging. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1049. [PMID: 33594064 PMCID: PMC7886885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21314-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic phytoplankton have a small global biomass but play major roles in primary production and climate. Despite improved understanding of phytoplankton diversity and evolution, we largely ignore the cellular bases of their environmental plasticity. By comparative 3D morphometric analysis across seven distant phytoplankton taxa, we observe constant volume occupancy by the main organelles and preserved volumetric ratios between plastids and mitochondria. We hypothesise that phytoplankton subcellular topology is modulated by energy-management constraints. Consistent with this, shifting the diatom Phaeodactylum from low to high light enhances photosynthesis and respiration, increases cell-volume occupancy by mitochondria and the plastid CO2-fixing pyrenoid, and boosts plastid-mitochondria contacts. Changes in organelle architectures and interactions also accompany Nannochloropsis acclimation to different trophic lifestyles, along with respiratory and photosynthetic responses. By revealing evolutionarily-conserved topologies of energy-managing organelles, and their role in phytoplankton acclimation, this work deciphers phytoplankton responses at subcellular scales.
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Oslan SNH, Shoparwe NF, Yusoff AH, Rahim AA, Chang CS, Tan JS, Oslan SN, Arumugam K, Ariff AB, Sulaiman AZ, Mohamed MS. A Review on Haematococcus pluvialis Bioprocess Optimization of Green and Red Stage Culture Conditions for the Production of Natural Astaxanthin. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020256. [PMID: 33578851 PMCID: PMC7916564 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most recognizable natural secondary carotenoid astaxanthin producer, the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation is performed via a two-stage process. The first is dedicated to biomass accumulation under growth-favoring conditions (green stage), and the second stage is for astaxanthin evolution under various stress conditions (red stage). This mini-review discusses the further improvement made on astaxanthin production by providing an overview of recent works on H. pluvialis, including the valuable ideas for bioprocess optimization on cell growth, and the current stress-exerting strategies for astaxanthin pigment production. The effects of nutrient constituents, especially nitrogen and carbon sources, and illumination intensity are emphasized during the green stage. On the other hand, the significance of the nitrogen depletion strategy and other exogenous factors comprising salinity, illumination, and temperature are considered for the astaxanthin inducement during the red stage. In short, any factor that interferes with the cellular processes that limit the growth or photosynthesis in the green stage could trigger the encystment process and astaxanthin formation during the red stage. This review provides an insight regarding the parameters involved in bioprocess optimization for high-value astaxanthin biosynthesis from H. pluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Hazwani Oslan
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.H.O.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Noor Fazliani Shoparwe
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Abdul Hafidz Yusoff
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Ainihayati Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Chang Shen Chang
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kavithraashree Arumugam
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Arbakariya Bin Ariff
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Ziad Sulaiman
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia; (N.F.S.); (A.H.Y.); (A.A.R.); (C.S.C.); (A.Z.S.)
| | - Mohd Shamzi Mohamed
- Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (J.S.T.); (A.B.A.)
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.N.H.O.); (M.S.M.)
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Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Xu X, Cheng J, Chen S, Tian J, Yang W, Crocker M. Simultaneous promotion of photosynthesis and astaxanthin accumulation during two stages of Haematococcus pluvialis with ammonium ferric citrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141689. [PMID: 32871372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To simultaneously promote biomass yield and astaxanthin content of Haematococcus pluvialis, ammonium ferric citrate (AFC) was employed to stimulate light harvest in photosynthesis during the green stage and oxidation induction in astaxanthin accumulation during the red stage. AFC not only improved chlorophyll synthesis by 22.5% to provide more electrochemical potential energy in the green stage, but also alleviated photosystem II damage to maintain a high level of effective quantum yield by enhancing carotenoid production. The citrate derived from AFC stimulated acetyl-CoA and NADPH production through citric acid cycle and transaminase cycle during the red stage, resulting in an increased lipid content by 1.77-fold. The astaxanthin content in H. pluvialis cells cultivated with 5 μM AFC was 12.5% higher than that without AFC, which was attributed to severe oxidative stress caused by AFC through Haber-Weiss reaction. These results provided a new approach to reduce emission of greenhouse gasses with producing high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Space Propulsion, Shanghai 201112, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Space Engine, Shanghai 201112, China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Shutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianglei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weijuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Mark Crocker
- Center of Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
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Ramamoorthy K, Raghunandhakumar S, Anand RS, Paramasivam A, Kamaraj S, Nagaraj S, Ezhilarasan D, Lakshmi T, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Veeramuthu A. Anticancer effects and lysosomal acidification in A549 cells by Astaxanthin from Haematococcus lacustris. Bioinformation 2020; 16:965-973. [PMID: 34803274 PMCID: PMC8573450 DOI: 10.6026/97320630016965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXN) is known to have health benefits by epidemiological studies. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the effect of AXN (derived from indigenous unicellular green alga Haematococcus lacustris) to modulate cell cycle arrest, lysosomal acidification and eventually apoptosis using in vitro in A549 lung cancer cells. Natural extracts of astaxanthin were obtained by standardized methods as reported earlier and characterized by standard HPLC and MS. Treatment of A549 cells with AXN (purified fraction) showed significant reduction in cell viability (about 50%) as compared to crude extract at 50µM concentration. Thus, we show the anticancer effects and lysosomal acidification in A549 cells by Astaxanthin from Haematococcus lacustris for further consideration. Together, our results demonstrated the anticancer potential of AXN from Haematococcus lacustris, which is found to be mediated via its ability to induce cell cycle arrest, lysosomal acidification and apoptotic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ramamoorthy
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras (Guindy Campus), Chennai, India-600 025
| | | | - R S Anand
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai - 600 025
| | - A Paramasivam
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre-Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - S Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University (PG Extension Centre), Dharmapuri - 636701
| | - S Nagaraj
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras (Guindy Campus), Chennai, India-600 025
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre-Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Thangavelu Lakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil ,57000,Kualalumpur, Malaysia
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Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin shows many biological activities. It has acquired a high economic potential and its current market is dominated by its synthetic form. However, due to the increase of the health and environmental concerns from consumers, natural forms are now preferred for human consumption. Haematococcus pluvialis is artificially cultured at an industrial scale to produce astaxanthin used as a dietary supplement. However, due to the high cost of its cultivation and its relatively low biomass and pigment productivities, the astaxanthin extracted from this microalga remains expensive and this has probably the consequence of slowing down its economic development in the lower added-value market such as food ingredient. In this review, we first aim to provide an overview of the chemical and biochemical properties of astaxanthin, as well as of its natural sources. We discuss its bioavailability, metabolism, and biological activities. We present a state-of-the-art of the biology and physiology of H. pluvialis, and highlight novel insights into the biotechnological processes which allow optimizing the biomass and astaxanthin productivities. We are trying to identify some lines of research that would improve the industrial sustainability and economic viability of this bio-production and to broaden the commercial potential of astaxanthin produced from H. pluvialis.
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Liyanaarachchi VC, Nishshanka GKSH, Premaratne RGMM, Ariyadasa TU, Nimarshana PHV, Malik A. Astaxanthin accumulation in the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: Effect of initial phosphate concentration and stepwise/continuous light stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00538. [PMID: 33294401 PMCID: PMC7683316 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient composition and light stress significantly affect the productivity of astaxanthin in Haemotococcus pluvialis. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of initial phosphate concentration and two distinct light regimes on astaxanthin accumulation in H. pluvialis. In the green stage, microalgae were cultivated in different initial phosphate concentrations under 2000 lx and a 12:12 h photoperiod. To initiate astaxanthin accumulation, an increased light intensity of 5000 lx was provided using two methods; (i) stepwise light stress, where a 12:12 h photoperiod was provided for 14 days, followed by 14 days of continuous illumination, and (ii) continuous illumination for 28 days. Phosphate limitation and continuous light stress were favourable to enhance cellular astaxanthin accumulation, which reached 7% by weight. The highest astaxanthin concentration of 27.0 ± 1.9 mg/L and lowest specific light energy consumption of 32.9 ± 2.3 kW h/g astaxanthin were reported in cultures grown in 41 mg/L phosphate under continuous light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anushree Malik
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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48
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Haematococcus pluvialis bioprocess optimization: Effect of light quality, temperature and irradiance on growth, pigment content and photosynthetic response. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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49
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Khoo KS, Chew KW, Yew GY, Manickam S, Ooi CW, Show PL. Integrated ultrasound-assisted liquid biphasic flotation for efficient extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 67:105052. [PMID: 32278245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the implementation of ultrasound-assisted liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) system for the recovery of natural astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae. Various operating conditions of ultrasound-assisted LBF systems such as the position of ultrasound horn, mode of ultrasonication (pulse and continuous), amplitude of ultrasonication, air flowrate, duration of air flotation, and mass of H. pluvialis microalgae were evaluated. The effect of ultrasonication on the cellular morphology of microalgae was also assessed using microscopic analysis. Under the optimized operating conditions of UALBF, the maximum recovery yield, extraction efficiency, and partition coefficient of astaxanthin were 95.08 ± 3.02%, 99.74 ± 0.05%, and 185.09 ± 4.78, respectively. In addition, the successful scale-up operation of ultrasound-assisted LBF system verified the practicability of this integrated approach for an effective extraction of natural astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Guo Yong Yew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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50
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Hosseini A, Jazini M, Mahdieh M, Karimi K. Efficient superantioxidant and biofuel production from microalga Haematococcus pluvialis via a biorefinery approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123100. [PMID: 32192960 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A biorefinery approach was implemented to produce a superantixoident, i.e., astaxanthin, and biofuels, i.e., ethanol and biogas, from the biomass of microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. The hydrolysis of residual biomass obtained from astaxanthin extraction was conducted using α-amylase and glucoamylase for hydrolysis of α-glucans and a mixture of cellulases for β-glucan hydrolysis. Four different hyudrolysis processes were employed and the efficiency of 97.2% over the total residual glucan was obtained, which was then fermented to produce 0.21 g ethanol/g residual biomass. The residuals obtained from astaxanthin extraction and fermentation were anaerobically digested to produce biomethane. The yield of biomethane was 264.8 ml/g volatile solids, 2.9 fold greater than methane yield from raw microalgal biomass. Overall, the process of astaxanthin extraction and consecutive production of ethanol and biogas from H. pluvialis biomass was recognized as a promising process to produce 45.8 g astaxanthin and 7095.3 KJ energy per Kg of raw biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammadhadi Jazini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Majid Mahdieh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, 381568-8349 Arak, Iran
| | - Keikhosro Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Industrial Biotechnology Group, Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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