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Youssef KK, Nieto MA. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tissue repair and degeneration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00733-z. [PMID: 38684869 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) are the epitome of cell plasticity in embryonic development and cancer; during EMT, epithelial cells undergo dramatic phenotypic changes and become able to migrate to form different tissues or give rise to metastases, respectively. The importance of EMTs in other contexts, such as tissue repair and fibrosis in the adult, has become increasingly recognized and studied. In this Review, we discuss the function of EMT in the adult after tissue damage and compare features of embryonic and adult EMT. Whereas sustained EMT leads to adult tissue degeneration, fibrosis and organ failure, its transient activation, which confers phenotypic and functional plasticity on somatic cells, promotes tissue repair after damage. Understanding the mechanisms and temporal regulation of different EMTs provides insight into how some tissues heal and has the potential to open new therapeutic avenues to promote repair or regeneration of tissue damage that is currently irreversible. We also discuss therapeutic strategies that modulate EMT that hold clinical promise in ameliorating fibrosis, and how precise EMT activation could be harnessed to enhance tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Angela Nieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias (CSIC-UMH), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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Talapko J, Talapko D, Katalinić D, Kotris I, Erić I, Belić D, Vasilj Mihaljević M, Vasilj A, Erić S, Flam J, Bekić S, Matić S, Škrlec I. Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Human Body. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:653. [PMID: 38674299 PMCID: PMC11052428 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Radioactivity is a process in which the nuclei of unstable atoms spontaneously decay, producing other nuclei and releasing energy in the form of ionizing radiation in the form of alpha (α) and beta (β) particles as well as the emission of gamma (γ) electromagnetic waves. People may be exposed to radiation in various forms, as casualties of nuclear accidents, workers in power plants, or while working and using different radiation sources in medicine and health care. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) occurs in subjects exposed to a very high dose of radiation in a very short period of time. Each form of radiation has a unique pathophysiological effect. Unfortunately, higher organisms-human beings-in the course of evolution have not acquired receptors for the direct "capture" of radiation energy, which is transferred at the level of DNA, cells, tissues, and organs. Radiation in biological systems depends on the amount of absorbed energy and its spatial distribution, particularly depending on the linear energy transfer (LET). Photon radiation with low LET leads to homogeneous energy deposition in the entire tissue volume. On the other hand, radiation with a high LET produces a fast Bragg peak, which generates a low input dose, whereby the penetration depth into the tissue increases with the radiation energy. The consequences are mutations, apoptosis, the development of cancer, and cell death. The most sensitive cells are those that divide intensively-bone marrow cells, digestive tract cells, reproductive cells, and skin cells. The health care system and the public should raise awareness of the consequences of ionizing radiation. Therefore, our aim is to identify the consequences of ARS taking into account radiation damage to the respiratory system, nervous system, hematopoietic system, gastrointestinal tract, and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Darko Katalinić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
| | - Ivan Kotris
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- General Hospital Vukovar, Županijska 35, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Ivan Erić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Surgery, Osijek University Hospital Center, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dino Belić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mila Vasilj Mihaljević
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Health Center Vukovar, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia
| | - Ana Vasilj
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Health Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Erić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Josipa Flam
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Bekić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
- Family Medicine Practice, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Suzana Matić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia (M.V.M.); (S.E.); (J.F.)
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Bertho A, Ortiz R, Maurin M, Juchaux M, Gilbert C, Espenon J, Ramasamy G, Patriarca A, De Marzi L, Pouzoulet F, Prezado Y. Thoracic Proton Minibeam Radiation Therapy: Tissue Preservation and Survival Advantage Over Conventional Proton Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)00510-8. [PMID: 38621606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) is an innovative radiation therapy approach that highly modulates the spatial dimension of the dose delivery using narrow, parallel, and submillimetric proton beamlets. pMBRT has proven its remarkable healthy tissue preservation in the brain and skin. This study assesses the potential advantages of pMBRT for thoracic irradiations compared with conventional radiation therapy in terms of normal tissue toxicity. The challenge here was the influence of respiratory motion on the typical peak and valley dose patterns of pMBRT and its potential biologic effect. METHODS AND MATERIALS The whole thorax of naïve C57BL/6 mice received one fraction of high dose (18 Gy) pMBRT or conventional proton therapy (CPT) without any respiratory control. The development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis was longitudinally monitored using cone beam computed tomography. Anatomopathologic analysis was carried out at 9 months postirradiation and focused on the reaction of the lungs' parenchyma and the response of cell types involved in the development of radiation-induced fibrosis and lung regeneration as alveolar type II epithelial cells, club cells, and macrophages. RESULTS pMBRT has milder effects on survival, skin reactions, and lung fibrosis compared with CPT. The pMBRT-induced lung changes were more regional and less severe, with evidence of potential reactive proliferation of alveolar type II epithelial cells and less extensive depletion of club cells and macrophage invasion than the more damaging effects observed in CPT. CONCLUSIONS pMBRT appears suitable to treat moving targets, holding a significant ability to preserve healthy lung tissue, even without respiratory control or precise targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Bertho
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Ramon Ortiz
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Juchaux
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Cristèle Gilbert
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Julie Espenon
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Gabriel Ramasamy
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Département de Recherche Translationnelle, CurieCoreTech-Experimental Radiation therapy (RadeXp), Paris, France
| | - Annalisa Patriarca
- Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Radiation Oncology Department, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL University, Orsay, France
| | - Ludovic De Marzi
- Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay, Radiation Oncology Department, Campus Universitaire, Institut Curie, PSL University, Orsay, France; Institut Curie, Campus Universitaire, PSL University, University Paris Saclay, INSERM, Orsay
| | - Frédéric Pouzoulet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Département de Recherche Translationnelle, CurieCoreTech-Experimental Radiation therapy (RadeXp), Paris, France; Institut Curie, PSL University, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Laboratoire de Recherche Translationnelle en Oncologie, Orsay, France
| | - Yolanda Prezado
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, INSERM U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France.
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Guo H, Yu R, Zhang H, Wang W. Cytokine, chemokine alterations and immune cell infiltration in Radiation-induced lung injury: Implications for prevention and management. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111263. [PMID: 38000232 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the primary treatments for thoracic malignancies, with radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) emerging as its most prevalent complication. RILI encompasses early-stage radiation pneumonitis (RP) and the subsequent development of radiation pulmonary fibrosis (RPF). During radiation treatment, not only are tumor cells targeted, but normal tissue cells, including alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells, also sustain damage. Within the lungs, ionizing radiation boosts the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species across various cell types. This elevation precipitates the release of cytokines and chemokines, coupled with the infiltration of inflammatory cells, culminating in the onset of RP. This pulmonary inflammatory response can persist, spanning a duration from several months to years, ultimately progressing to RPF. This review aims to explore the alterations in cytokine and chemokine release and the influx of immune cells post-ionizing radiation exposure in the lungs, offering insights for the prevention and management of RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianshui People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223400, China; Jiangsu Nursing Vocational and Technical College, Huai'an 223400, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wanpeng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianshui People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223400, China; Jiangsu Nursing Vocational and Technical College, Huai'an 223400, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Berges AJ, Ospino R, Mafla L, Collins S, Chan-Li Y, Ghosh B, Sidhaye V, Lina I, Hillel AT. Dysfunctional Epithelial Barrier Is Characterized by Reduced E-Cadherin in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:374-381. [PMID: 37565709 PMCID: PMC10842128 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To aim of the study was to characterize the molecular profile and functional phenotype of idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS)-scar epithelium. METHODS Human tracheal biopsies from iSGS scar (n = 6) and matched non-scar (n = 6) regions were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Separate specimens were used for epithelial cell expansion in vitro to assess average growth rate and functional capabilities using transepithelial-electrical resistance (TEER), fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux permeability assay, ciliary coverage, and cilia beating frequency (CBF). Finally, epithelial tight junction protein expression of cultured cells was quantified using immunoblot assay (n = 4) and immunofluorescence (n = 6). RESULTS scRNA-seq analysis revealed a decrease in goblet, ciliated, and basal epithelial cells in the scar iSGS cohort. Furthermore, mRNA expression of proteins E-cadherin, claudin-3, claudin-10, occludin, TJP1, and TJP2 was also reduced (p < 0.001) in scar epithelium. Functional assays demonstrated a decrease in TEER (paired 95% confidence interval [CI], 195.68-890.83 Ω × cm2 , p < 0.05), an increase in permeability (paired 95% CI, -6116.00 to -1401.99 RFU, p < 0.05), and reduced epithelial coverage (paired 95% CI, 0.1814-1.766, fold change p < 0.05) in iSGS-scar epithelium relative to normal controls. No difference in growth rate (p < 0.05) or CBF was found (paired 95% CI, -2.118 to 3.820 Hz, p > 0.05). Immunoblot assay (paired 95% CI, 0.0367-0.605, p < 0.05) and immunofluorescence (paired 95% CI, 13.748-59.191 mean grey value, p < 0.05) revealed E-cadherin reduction in iSGS-scar epithelium. CONCLUSION iSGS-scar epithelium has a dysfunctional barrier and reduced structural protein expression. These results are consistent with dysfunctional epithelium seen in other airway pathology. Further studies are warranted to delineate the causality of epithelial dysfunction on the downstream fibroinflammatory cascade in iSGS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:374-381, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J. Berges
- Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Rafael Ospino
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Laura Mafla
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Samuel Collins
- Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Yee Chan-Li
- Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Baishakhi Ghosh
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Venkataramana Sidhaye
- Johns Hopkins Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205
| | - Ioan Lina
- Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287
| | - Alexander T. Hillel
- Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287
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Hu Q, Saleem K, Pandey J, Charania AN, Zhou Y, He C. Cell Adhesion Molecules in Fibrotic Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1995. [PMID: 37509634 PMCID: PMC10377070 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggests that cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are critical in fibrotic progression in many organs, including lung, kidney, skin, and liver. CAMs promote cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions to maintain tissue architecture and normal function in homeostasis. However, dysregulated expression and function of CAMs can lead to chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis. The major families of CAMs include integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulins. Here, we review the role of the CAMs in fibrosis development across various organs with a focus on integrins and cadherins, and discuss their respective roles in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjiang Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Komal Saleem
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jyotsana Pandey
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Arzoo N. Charania
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chao He
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Xuan D, Du C, Zhao W, Zhou J, Dai S, Zhang T, Wu M, Tian J. Downregulation of β-Catenin Contributes to type II Alveolar Epithelial Stem Cell Resistance to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Lowing Lin28/let-7 Ratios in Fibrosis-Resistant Mice after Thoracic Irradiation. Radiat Res 2023; 200:32-47. [PMID: 37141224 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00165.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of type II alveolar cells (AECII) is a major cause for radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF). Cell differentiation phenotype is determined by Lin28 (undifferentiated marker) and let-7 (differentiated marker) in a see-saw-pattern. Therefore, differentiation phenotype can be extrapolated based on Lin28/let-7 ratio. Lin28 is activated by β-catenin. To the best of our knowledge this study was the first to use the single primary AECII freshly isolated from irradiated lungs of fibrosis-resistant C3H/HeNHsd strain to further confirm RILF mechanism by comparing its differences in AECII phenotype status/state and cell differentiation regulators to fibrosis-prone C57BL/6j mice. Results showed that radiation pneumonitis and fibrotic lesions were seen in C3H/HeNHsd and C57BL/6j mouse strains, respectively. mRNAs of E-cadherin, EpCAM, HOPX and proSP-C (epithelial phenotype biomarkers) were significantly downregulated in single primary AECII isolated from irradiated lungs of both strains. Unlike C57BL/6j, α-SMA and Vimentin (mesenchymal phenotype biomarkers) were not upregulated in single AECII from irradiated C3H/HeNHsd. Profibrotic molecules, TGF-β1 mRNA was upregulated and β-catenin was significantly downregulated in AECII after irradiation (both P < 0.01). In contrast, transcriptions for GSK-3β, TGF-β1 and β-catenin were enhanced in isolated single AECII from irradiated C57BL/6j (P < 0.01-P < 0.001). The Lin28/let-7 ratios were much lower in single primary AECII from C3H/HeNHsd after irradiation vs. C57BL/6j. In conclusion, AECII from irradiated C3H/HeNHsd did not undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lower ratios of Lin28/let-7 contributed to AECII relatively higher differentiated status, leading to increased susceptibility to radiation stress and a failure in transdifferentiation in the absence of β-catenin. Reducing β-catenin expression and the ratios of Lin28/let-7 may be a promising strategy to prevent radiation fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xuan
- Experimental Animal Platform, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Du
- Experimental Animal Platform, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wendi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shan Dai
- Experimental Animal Platform, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengge Wu
- Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Animal experimental center of Central China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Ibrahim N, Eldahshan OA, Elshawi OE. Phytochemical screening and radioprotective potential of Jasminum grandiflorum methanol extract against gamma irradiation-induced oxidative damage and diverse inflammatory mediators in lungs of male Swiss Albino Rats. Nat Prod Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omayma A. Eldahshan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Center for Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omama E. Elshawi
- Clinical Health Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Li Y, Shen Z, Jiang X, Wang Y, Yang Z, Mao Y, Wu Z, Li G, Chen H. Mouse mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-466f-3p reverses EMT process through inhibiting AKT/GSK3β pathway via c-MET in radiation-induced lung injury. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:128. [PMID: 35392967 PMCID: PMC8988379 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is a common complication of thoracic radiotherapy. Alveolar epithelial cells play a crucial role in lung fibrosis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells own the beneficial properties to repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, however the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods Mouse mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (mMSCs-Exo) were isolated by differential centrifugation, and their protective effects were assessed in vivo and in vitro, respectively. EMT-associated proteins were measured via western blot assay and/or immunofluorescence staining. The miRNA expression was measured by microarray assay and qPCR. Furthermore, bioinformatics prediction with KEGG analysis, luciferase assay, and rescue experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying miR-466f-3p. Results mMSCs-Exos were efficiently isolated ranging from 90-150 nm with high expression of exosomal markers (CD63, TSG101, and CD9). mMSCs-Exos administration efficiently relieved radiation-induced lung injury with less collagen deposition and lower levels of IL-1β and IL-6. Meanwhile, in vitro results showed mMSCs-Exos treatment obviously reversed EMT process induced by radiation. Among enriched miRNA cargo in exosomes, miR-466f-3p was primarily responsible for the protective effects via inhibition of AKT/GSK3β pathway. Our mechanistic study further demonstrated that c-MET was the direct target of miR-466f-3p, whose restoration partially abrogated mMSCs-Exo-mediated inhibition in both EMT process and AKT/GSK3β signaling activity induced by radiation. Conclusions Our findings indicated that exosomal miR-466f-3p derived from mMSCs may possess anti-fibrotic properties and prevent radiation-induced EMT through inhibition of AKT/GSK3β via c-MET, providing a promising therapeutic modality for radiation-induced lung fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02351-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 212 Daguan Road, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Zhufu Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 212 Daguan Road, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Zuozhang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Yuchi Mao
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 212 Daguan Road, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Zhixian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 354200, China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Teaching Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 212 Daguan Road, Kunming, 650032, China.
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10
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Bertho A, Dos Santos M, Braga-Cohen S, Buard V, Paget V, Guipaud O, Tarlet G, Milliat F, François A. Preclinical Model of Stereotactic Ablative Lung Irradiation Using Arc Delivery in the Mouse: Is Fractionation Worthwhile? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:794324. [PMID: 35004768 PMCID: PMC8739220 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.794324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung stereotactic body radiation therapy is characterized by a reduction in target volumes and the use of severely hypofractionated schedules. Preclinical modeling became possible thanks to rodent-dedicated irradiation devices allowing accurate beam collimation and focal lung exposure. Given that a great majority of publications use single dose exposures, the question we asked in this study was as follows: in incremented preclinical models, is it worth using fractionated protocols or should we continue focusing solely on volume limitation? The left lungs of C57BL/6JRj mice were exposed to ionizing radiation using arc therapy and 3 × 3 mm beam collimation. Three-fraction schedules delivered over a period of 1 week were used with 20, 28, 40, and 50 Gy doses per fraction. Lung tissue opacification, global histological damage and the numbers of type II pneumocytes and club cells were assessed 6 months post-exposure, together with the gene expression of several lung cells and inflammation markers. Only the administration of 3 × 40 Gy or 3 × 50 Gy generated focal lung fibrosis after 6 months, with tissue opacification visible by cone beam computed tomography, tissue scarring and consolidation, decreased club cell numbers and a reactive increase in the number of type II pneumocytes. A fractionation schedule using an arc-therapy-delivered three fractions/1 week regimen with 3 × 3 mm beam requires 40 Gy per fraction for lung fibrosis to develop within 6 months, a reasonable time lapse given the mouse lifespan. A comparison with previously published laboratory data suggests that, in this focal lung irradiation configuration, administering a Biological Effective Dose ≥ 1000 Gy should be recommended to obtain lung fibrosis within 6 months. The need for such a high dose per fraction challenges the appropriateness of using preclinical highly focused fractionation schedules in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Bertho
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Morgane Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Accidental Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Sarah Braga-Cohen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Guipaud
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Georges Tarlet
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Agnès François
- Laboratory of Radiobiology of Medical Exposures, Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Research Department in Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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11
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Multifaceted roles of a bioengineered nanoreactor in repressing radiation-induced lung injury. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121103. [PMID: 34478930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a potentially fatal and dose-limiting complication of thoracic cancer radiotherapy. However, effective therapeutic agents for this condition are limited. Here, we describe a novel strategy to exert additive effects of a non-erythropoietic EPO derivative (ARA290), along with a free radical scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD), using a bioengineered nanoreactor (SOD@ARA290-HBc). ARA290-chimeric nanoreactor makes SOD present in a confined reaction space by encapsulation into its interior to heighten stability against denaturing stimuli. In a RILI mouse model, intratracheal administration of SOD@ARA290-HBc was shown to significantly ameliorate acute radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Our investigations revealed that SOD@ARA290-HBc performs its radioprotective effects by protecting against radiation induced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and ferroptosis, suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation and by modulating the infiltrated macrophage phenotype, or through a combination of these mechanisms. In conclusion, SOD@ARA29-HBc is a potential therapeutic agent for RILI, and given its multifaceted roles, it may be further developed as a translational nanomedicine for other related disorders.
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12
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Li L, Zhang S, Ge C, Ji L, Lv Y, Zhao C, Xu L, Zhang J, Song C, Chen J, Wei W, Fang Y, Yuan N, Wang J. HSCs transdifferentiate primarily to pneumonocytes in radiation-induced lung damage repair. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8335-8354. [PMID: 33686967 PMCID: PMC8034935 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulative radiation exposure leads to hematopoietic or tissue aging. Whether hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are involved in lung damage repair in response to radiation remains controversial. The aim of this study is to identify if HSC can transdifferentiate to pneumonocytes for radiation-induced damage repair. To this end, HSCs from male RosamT/mG mice were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and transplanted into lethally irradiated female CD45.1 mice. 4 months after transplantation, transplanted HSC was shown to repair the radiation-induced tissue damage, and donor-derived tdTomato (phycoerythrin, PE) red fluorescence cells and Ddx3y representing Y chromosome were detected exclusively in female recipient lung epithelial and endothelial cells. Co-localization of donor-derived cells and recipient lung tissue cells were observed by laser confocal microscopy and image flow cytometry. Furthermore, the results showed HSC transplantation replenished radiation-induced lung HSC depletion and the PE positive repaired lung epithelial cells were identified as donor HSC origin. The above data suggest that donor HSC may migrate to the injured lung of the recipient and some of them can be transdifferentiated to pneumonocytes to repair the injury caused by radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Department of Hematopoietic Engineering, Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215124, China
| | - Suping Zhang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of Hematopoietic Engineering, Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215124, China
| | - Chaorong Ge
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Li Ji
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yaqi Lv
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Department of Hematopoietic Engineering, Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215124, China
| | - Li Xu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Department of Hematopoietic Engineering, Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215124, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chenglin Song
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wen Wei
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,Department of Hematopoietic Engineering, Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215124, China
| | - Yixuan Fang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of Hematopoietic Engineering, Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215124, China
| | - Na Yuan
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of Hematopoietic Engineering, Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215124, China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.,Department of Hematopoietic Engineering, Susky Life SciTech (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215124, China
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13
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Jarzebska N, Karetnikova ES, Markov AG, Kasper M, Rodionov RN, Spieth PM. Scarred Lung. An Update on Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:585756. [PMID: 33521012 PMCID: PMC7843914 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.585756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a common severe long-time complication of radiation therapy for tumors of the thorax. Current therapeutic options used in the clinic include only supportive managements strategies, such as anti-inflammatory treatment using steroids, their efficacy, however, is far from being satisfactory. Recent studies have demonstrated that the development of lung fibrosis is a dynamic and complex process, involving the release of reactive oxygen species, activation of Toll-like receptors, recruitment of inflammatory cells, excessive production of nitric oxide and production of collagen by activated myofibroblasts. In this review we summarized the current state of knowledge on the pathophysiological processes leading to the development of lung fibrosis and we also discussed the possible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jarzebska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Alexander G. Markov
- Department of General Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael Kasper
- Institute of Anatomy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roman N. Rodionov
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Center for Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter M. Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Liu X, Zhang T, Zhou J, Xiao Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yue H, Li Z, Tian J. β-Catenin/Lin28/let-7 regulatory network determines type II alveolar epithelial stem cell differentiation phenotypes following thoracic irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:119-132. [PMID: 33302295 PMCID: PMC7779353 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of type II alveolar epithelial stem cells (AEC II) to radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) is largely unknown. Cell differentiation phenotypes are determined by the balance between Lin28 and lethal-7 microRNA (let-7 miRNA). Lin28 is activated by β-catenin. The aim of this study was to track AEC II phenotypes at different phases of injury following thoracic irradiation and examine the expression of β-catenin, Lin28 and let-7 to identify their role in AEC II differentiation. Results showed that coexpression of prosurfactant protein C (proSP-C, an AEC II biomarker) and HOPX (homeobox only protein X, an AEC I biomarker) or vimentin (a differentiation marker) was detected in AEC II post-irradiation. The protein expression levels of HOPX and proSP-C were significantly downregulated, but vimentin was significantly upregulated following irradiation. The expression of E-cadherin, which prevents β-catenin from translocating to the nucleus, was downregulated, and the expression of β-catenin and Lin28 was upregulated after irradiation (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Four let-7 miRNA members (a, b, c and d) were upregulated in irradiated lungs (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001), but let-7d was significantly downregulated at 5 and 6 months (P < 0.001). The ratios of Lin28 to four let-7 members were low during the early phase of injury and were slightly higher after 2 months. Intriguingly, the Lin28/let-7d ratio was strikingly increased after 4 months. We concluded that β-catenin contributed to RILF by promoting Lin28 expression, which increased the number of AEC II and the transcription of profibrotic molecules. In this study, the downregulation of let-7d miRNA by Lin28 resulted in the inability of AEC II to differentiate into type I alveolar epithelial cells (AEC I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuan Liu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Ziting Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Science Research and Discipline Construction, Henan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation and Modification, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Haodi Yue
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China, 471023
| | - Jian Tian
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
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15
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Radiation-induced H3K9 methylation on E-cadherin promoter mediated by ROS/Snail axis : Role of G9a signaling during lung epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 70:105037. [PMID: 33148527 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer patients who have undergone radiotherapy developed severe complications such as pneumonitis and fibrosis. Upon irradiation, epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal phenotype via a process called epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a vital role in organ fibrosis. Several mechanisms have been studied on EMT, however, the correlation between radiation-induced EMT and epigenetic changes are not well known. In the present study, we investigated the role of histone methyltransferase G9a on radiation-induced EMT signaling. There was an increase in total global histone methylation level in irradiated epithelial cells. Western blot analysis on irradiated cells showed an increased expression of H3K9me2/3. The pre-treatment of G9a inhibitor enhanced E-cadherin expression and decreased the mesenchymal markers like N-cadherin, vimentin in the radiated group. Surprisingly, radiation-induced ROS generation and pERK1/2 levels were also inhibited by G9a inhibitor BIX01294, which is showing its antioxidant potential. The ChIP-qPCR analysis on the E-cadherin promoter suggested that G9a and Snail might have formed complex to enrich suppressive marker H3K9me2/3. On the whole, our present study suggested that 1] ROS could modify H3K9 methylation via G9a and promote radiation-induced lung EMT in Beas2B and A549 cells 2] E-cadherin promoter enrichment with heterochromatin mark H3K9me2 expression upon irradiation could be modified by regulating G9a methyltransferase.
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16
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Yadav E, Yadav N, Hus A, Yadav JS. Aquaporins in lung health and disease: Emerging roles, regulation, and clinical implications. Respir Med 2020; 174:106193. [PMID: 33096317 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) aka water channels are a family of conserved transmembrane proteins (~30 kDa monomers) expressed in various organ systems. Of the 13 AQPs (AQP0 through AQP12) in the human body, four (AQPs 1, 3, 4, and 5) are expressed in the respiratory system. These channels are conventionally known for mediating transcellular fluid movements. Certain AQPs (aquaglyceroporins) have the capability to transport glycerol and potentially other solutes. There is an emerging body of literature unveiling the non-conventional roles of AQPs such as in cell proliferation and migration, gas permeation, signal potentiation, etc. Initial gene knock-out studies established a physiological role for lung AQPs, particularly AQP5, in maintaining homeostasis, by mediating fluid secretion from submucosal glands onto the airway surface liquid (ASL) lining. Subsequent studies have highlighted the functional significance of AQPs, particularly AQP1 and AQP5 in lung pathophysiology and diseases, including but not limited to chronic and acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), other inflammatory lung conditions, and lung cancer. AQP1 has been suggested as a potential prognostic marker for malignant mesothelioma. Recent efforts are directed toward exploiting AQPs as targets for diagnosis, prevention, intervention, and/or treatment of various lung conditions. Emerging information on regulatory pathways and directed mechanistic research are posited to unravel novel strategies for these clinical implications. Future considerations should focus on development of AQP inhibitors, blockers, and modulators for therapeutic needs, and better understanding the role of lung-specific AQPs in inter-individual susceptibility to chronic lung diseases such as COPD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Yadav
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Niket Yadav
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0738, USA
| | - Ariel Hus
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA
| | - Jagjit S Yadav
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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17
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Wang LK, Wu TJ, Hong JH, Chen FH, Yu J, Wang CC. Radiation Induces Pulmonary Fibrosis by Promoting the Fibrogenic Differentiation of Alveolar Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:6312053. [PMID: 33061990 PMCID: PMC7542528 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6312053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung is a radiosensitive organ, which imposes limits on the therapeutic dose in thoracic radiotherapy. Irradiated alveolar epithelial cells promote radiation-related pneumonitis and fibrosis. However, the role of lung stem cells (LSCs) in the development of radiation-induced lung injury is still unclear. In this study, we found that both LSCs and LSC-derived type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) can repair radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks, but the irradiated LSCs underwent growth arrest and cell differentiation faster than the irradiated AECII cells. Moreover, radiation drove LSCs to fibrosis as shown with the elevated levels of markers for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and myofibroblast (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)) differentiation in in vitro and ex vivo studies. Increased gene expressions of connective tissue growth factor and α-SMA were found in both irradiated LSCs and alveolar cells, suggesting that radiation could induce the fibrogenic differentiation of LSCs. Irradiated LSCs showed an increase in the expression of surfactant protein C (SP-C), the AECII cell marker, and α-SMA, and irradiated AECII cells expressed SP-C and α-SMA. These results indicated that radiation induced LSCs to differentiate into myofibroblasts and AECII cells; then, AECII cells differentiated further into either myofibroblasts or type I alveolar epithelial cells (AECI). In conclusion, our results revealed that LSCs are sensitive to radiation-induced cell damage and may be involved in radiation-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Kai Wang
- Radiation Biology Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Jung Wu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hong Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Radiation Biology Core Laboratory, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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Zhang T, Zhou J, Yue H, Du C, Xiao Z, Zhao W, Li N, Wang X, Liu X, Li Y, Geng X, Zhang Y, Li L, Tian J. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β promotes radiation-induced lung fibrosis by regulating β-catenin/lin28 signaling network to determine type II alveolar stem cell transdifferentiation state. FASEB J 2020; 34:12466-12480. [PMID: 32706136 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The role of type II alveolar epithelial stem cells (AEC II) for alveolar repair in radiation-induced lung fibrosis (RILF) remains largely unknown, mainly because of AEC II phenotype's spontaneous change in vitro. Cell differentiation status is determined by Lin28 and let-7 miRNAs in see-saw-pattern. Lin28, a repressor of let-7 and a stem cell marker, is activated by β-catenin. The expression of β-catenin is regulated by GSK-3β/TGF-β1 signaling. To understand the true role of AEC II in RILF, we freshly isolated primary AEC II directly from thoracically irradiated lungs. We then explored the expressions of cell phenotype markers and differentiation regulators in these isolated AEC II to analyze the correlation between GSK-3β/TGF-β1/β-catenin signaling pathway, lin28/let-7 balance, and AEC II phenotypes at different injury phases following irradiation. Results showed that isolated single primary cells displayed AEC II ultrastructural features and proSP-C positive. The gene expressions of prosp-c (an AEC II biomarker) and hopx (an AEC I marker) significantly increased in isolated AEC II during injury repair phase (P < .001 and P < .05) but decreased at end-stage of injury, while mesenchymal markers increased in both isolated AEC II and irradiated lungs. mRNA levels of gsk-3β, tgf-β1, and β-catenin increased in all irradiated AEC II, but more pronounced in the second half of injury phase (P < .05-P < .001). Similarly, the expression of lin28 was also significantly elevated in isolated AEC II at the late phase (P < .05-P < .001). Four let-7 miRNAs were significantly upregulated in all irradiated AEC II groups (P < .05-P < .001). The time-dependent and highly consistent uptrends for four lin28/let-7 ratios in sorted AEC II contrasted to downtrends in irradiated lungs. In conclusion, RILF occurred when GSK-3β/TGF-β1 signaling increased β-catenin levels, which led to the augmentation of AEC II population by elevated lin28/let-7 ratio and the transcription of profibrotic cytokines and factors, thereby inducing AEC II to undergo transdifferentiation into mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haodi Yue
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Du
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziting Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wendi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Liu
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Geng
- Center for Clinical Single-Cell Biomedicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Scientific Research and Discipline Construction, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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Jin H, Yoo Y, Kim Y, Kim Y, Cho J, Lee YS. Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis: Preclinical Animal Models and Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061561. [PMID: 32545674 PMCID: PMC7352529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), including acute radiation pneumonitis and chronic radiation-induced lung fibrosis, is the most common side effect of radiation therapy. RILI is a complicated process that causes the accumulation, proliferation, and differentiation of fibroblasts and, finally, results in excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Currently, there are no approved treatment options for patients with radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) partly due to the absence of effective targets. Current research advances include the development of small animal models reflecting modern radiotherapy, an understanding of the molecular basis of RIPF, and the identification of candidate drugs for prevention and treatment. Insights provided by this research have resulted in increased interest in disease progression and prognosis, the development of novel anti-fibrotic agents, and a more targeted approach to the treatment of RIPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (H.J.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youngjo Yoo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (H.J.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Younghwa Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (H.J.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yeijin Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (H.J.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jaeho Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-8113 (J.C.); +82-2-3277-3022 (Y.-S.L.); Fax: +82-2-3277-3051 (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Yun-Sil Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (H.J.); (Y.Y.); (Y.K.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (Y.-S.L.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-8113 (J.C.); +82-2-3277-3022 (Y.-S.L.); Fax: +82-2-3277-3051 (Y.-S.L.)
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20
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Bertho A, Dos Santos M, Buard V, Paget V, Guipaud O, Tarlet G, Milliat F, François A. Preclinical Model of Stereotactic Ablative Lung Irradiation Using Arc Delivery in the Mouse: Effect of Beam Size Changes and Dose Effect at Constant Collimation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 107:548-562. [PMID: 32278852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stereotactic body radiation therapy is a therapeutic option offered to high surgical risk patients with lung cancer. Focal lung irradiation in mice is a new preclinical model to help understand the development of lung damage in this context. Here we developed a mouse model of lung stereotactic therapy using arc delivery and monitored the development of lung damage while varying the beam size and dose delivered. METHODS AND MATERIALS C57BL/6JRj mice were exposed to 90 Gy focal irradiation on the left lung using 1-mm diameter, 3 × 3 mm2, 7 × 7 mm2, or 10 × 10 mm2 beam collimation for beam size effect and using 3 × 3 mm2 beam collimation delivering 20 to 120 Gy for dose effect. Long-term lung damage was monitored with micro-computed tomography imaging with anatomopathologic and gene expression measurements in the injured patch and the ipsilateral and contralateral lungs. RESULTS Both 1-mm diameter and 3 × 3 mm2 beam collimation allow long-term studies, but only 3-mm beam collimation generates lung fibrosis when delivering 90 Gy. Dose-effect studies with constant 3-mm beam collimation revealed a dose of 60 Gy as the minimum to obtain lung fibrosis 6 months postexposure. Lung fibrosis development was associated with club cell depletion and increased type II pneumocyte numbers. Lung injury developed with ipsilateral and contralateral consequences such as parenchymal thickening and gene expression modifications. CONCLUSIONS Arc therapy allows long-term studies and dose escalation without lethality. In our dose-delivery conditions, dose-effect studies revealed that 3 × 3 mm2 beam collimation to a minimum single dose of 60 Gy enables preclinical models for the assessment of lung injury within a 6-month period. This model of lung tissue fibrosis in a time length compatible with mouse life span may offer good prospects for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Bertho
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Morgane Dos Santos
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Accidentelles, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Valérie Buard
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Vincent Paget
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Olivier Guipaud
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Georges Tarlet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Milliat
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Agnès François
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine régénérative, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des expositions Médicales, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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21
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Jieming G, Liu C, Yang Y, Mo S, Yang X, Wang J. Inhibitory effects of msFGFR2c on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of AE2 cells in pulmonary fibrosis. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1061-1070. [PMID: 32130565 PMCID: PMC7211205 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In interstitial fibrosis, alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells fail to repair damaged epithelium. However, whether this dysfunction is related to fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signal pathway and how it affects the fibrotic process remains unclear. In our study, the medium of the human foetal lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5 (Med) can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in AE2 cells, we also found that TGF-β in Med can induce FGF-2 and CTGF expression in AE2 cells. TGF-β or CTGF exposure trigger a FGFR2 subtype b to c transition which can be supressed by siRNA-CTGF. All together, since FGFR2IIIc have the highest affinity with FGF-2 in all of the FGFRs, we indicate the activation of FGF2 signal pathway was induced by TGF-β, which is the key component of Med Here, we also find the inhibitory effect of msFGFR2c (S252W mutant of soluble FGFR2IIIc extracellular domain) on EMT of mouse primary AE2 cells in pulmonary fibrotic process. In a bleomycin-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model, msFGFR2c alleviate pulmonary fibrosis and suppress the decrease in pro-SPC levels. Thus, msFGFR2c can inhibit EMT-induced fibrosis of AE2 cells via FGF-2 signal and AE2 cells is suggested to play an important role in the lung fibrotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Jieming
- Tai Shan College, Shandong University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yin Yang
- Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shanyi Mo
- Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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22
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Sychugov G, Azizova T, Osovets S, Kazachkov E, Revina V, Grigoryeva E. Morphological features of pulmonary fibrosis in workers occupationally exposed to alpha radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:448-460. [PMID: 31985334 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1721601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The article reports on a comparative analysis of biological specimens of lung tissues collected from workers with pulmonary fibrosis induced by internal exposure to plutonium alpha-particles (plutonium-induced pulmonary fibrosis [PuPF]) and with etiologically different pulmonary fibrosis (non-PuPF) that developed as an outcome of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methods: To perform histological examinations, lung tissues were sampled during autopsy. Six samples of various lung regions (the apical region, the lingula of the left lung and the inferior lobe) were collected from each donor. The resected tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin during 24 h and embedded into paraffin blocks (FFPE). FFPE blocks with lung tissue specimens collected from 56 workers with PuPF, 34 workers with non-PuPF and 35 workers without any lung disease were used in the study. To perform microscopic examination, lung tissue specimens were hematoxylin and eosin stained. To examine the connective-tissue scaffold of lung stroma and identify foci of pulmonary fibrosis, the cut sections of paraffin blocks were stained by Van Gizon's method (to assess the total volume of fibrosis-affected tissues), Gomori's technique (to define the reticular scaffold of lung stroma) and Weigert's technique (to examine elastic fibers). Morphological patterns of all biological specimens were studied using immunohistochemistry. To fit the empirical data, the Weibull's model was used.Results and conclusions: The study found qualitative and quantitative morphological features specific for PuPF compared to non-PuPF. The study demonstrated that hyper-production of collagen type V plays a key role in PuPF. The collagen type V content in fibrotic foci in lung tissue specimens from workers with PuPF was found to be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Sychugov
- State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, South Ural State Medical University at the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Tamara Azizova
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Southern Urals Biophysics Institute" at the Federal Medical Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Osovets
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Southern Urals Biophysics Institute" at the Federal Medical Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny Kazachkov
- State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, South Ural State Medical University at the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Valentina Revina
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Southern Urals Biophysics Institute" at the Federal Medical Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Grigoryeva
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Southern Urals Biophysics Institute" at the Federal Medical Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Ozyorsk, Russia
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23
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Farzipour S, Amiri FT, Mihandoust E, Shaki F, Noaparast Z, Ghasemi A, Hosseinimehr SJ. Radioprotective effect of diethylcarbamazine on radiation-induced acute lung injury and oxidative stress in mice. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 52:39-46. [PMID: 31853753 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the radioprotective effect of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) against oxidative stress and acute lung injury induced by total body radiation (TBI) in mice. For study the optimum dose for radiation protection of DEC, mice were administrated with three dose of DEC (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg), once daily for eight consecutive days. Animals were exposed whole body to 5 Gy X-radiation on the 9 day. The radioprotective potential of DEC in lung tissues was assessed using oxidative stress examinations at 24 h after TBI and histopathological assay also was analyzed one week after TBI. Results from biochemical analyses demonstrated increased malonyldialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels of lung tissues in only irradiated group. Histopathologic findings also showed an increase in the number of inflammatory cells and the acute lung injury in this group. DEC pretreatment significantly mitigated the oxidative stress biomarkers as well as histological damages in irradiated mice. The favorable radioprotective effect against lungs injury was observed at a dose of 10 mg/kg of DEC in mice as compared with two other doses (50 and 100 mg/kg). The data of this study showed that DEC at a dose of 10 mg/kg with having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties can be used as a therapeutic candidate for protecting the lung from radiation-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Farzipour
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical, Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Mihandoust
- Department of Radiotherapy, Imam Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zohreh Noaparast
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical, Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Arash Ghasemi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical, Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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P27 Promotes TGF- β-Mediated Pulmonary Fibrosis via Interacting with MTORC2. Can Respir J 2019; 2019:7157861. [PMID: 31641391 PMCID: PMC6770332 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7157861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a progressive and life-threatening pulmonary disease, is the main pathological basis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) which includes the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). No effective therapeutic strategy for pulmonary fibrosis has been established. TGF-β signaling has emerged as the vital regulator of PF; however, the detailed molecular mechanisms of TGF-β in PF were uncertain. In the present study, we proved that inhibition of MTORC2 suppresses the expression of P27 in MRC5 and HLF cells. And in bleomycin-induced PF model, the expression of α-SMA and P27 was upregulated. Moreover, TGF-β application increased the level of α-SMA, vimentin, and P27 in MRC5 and HLF cells. Furthermore, P27 overexpression advanced the cell cycle process and promoted the proliferation of MRC5 and HLF cells. Finally, the rescue experiment showed that MTORC2 knockdown reversed P27 overexpression-induced cell cycle acceleration and proliferation. Thus, our results suggest that P27 is involved in TGF-β-mediated PF, which was regulated by MTORC2, providing a novel insight into the development of PF.
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25
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Zanoni M, Cortesi M, Zamagni A, Tesei A. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163876. [PMID: 31398940 PMCID: PMC6719901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the most important treatment modalities for thoracic tumors. Despite significant advances in radiation techniques, radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) still occurs in up to 30% of patients undergoing thoracic radiotherapy, and therefore remains the main dose-limiting obstacle. RILI is a potentially lethal clinical complication of radiotherapy that has 2 main stages: an acute stage defined as radiation pneumonitis, and a late stage defined as radiation-induced lung fibrosis. Patients who develop lung fibrosis have a reduced quality of life with progressive and irreversible organ malfunction. Currently, the most effective intervention for the treatment of lung fibrosis is lung transplantation, but the lack of available lungs and transplantation-related complications severely limits the success of this procedure. Over the last few decades, advances have been reported in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for lung tissue repair and regeneration. MSCs not only replace damaged lung epithelial cells but also promote tissue repair through the secretion of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic factors. Here, we present an overview of MSC-based therapy for radiation-induced lung fibrosis, focusing in particular on the molecular mechanisms involved and describing the most recent preclinical and clinical studies carried out in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zanoni
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
| | - Michela Cortesi
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Alice Zamagni
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy.
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26
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Chung EJ, Reedy JL, Kwon S, Patil S, Valle L, White AO, Citrin DE. 12-Lipoxygenase is a Critical Mediator of Type II Pneumocyte Senescence, Macrophage Polarization and Pulmonary Fibrosis after Irradiation. Radiat Res 2019; 192:367-379. [PMID: 31373871 DOI: 10.1667/rr15356.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a chronic, progressive complication of therapeutic irradiation of the thorax. It has been suggested that senescence of type II pneumocytes (AECIIs), an alveolar stem cell, plays a role in the development of RIPF through loss of replicative reserve and via senescent AECII-driven release of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines. Within this context, we hypothesized that arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) is a critical mediator of AECII senescence and RIPF. Treatment of wild-type AECIIs with 12S-hydroxyeicosateraenoic acid (12S-HETE), a downstream product of 12-LOX, was sufficient to induce senescence in a NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-dependent manner. Mice deficient in 12-LOX exhibited reduced AECII senescence, pulmonary collagen accumulation and accumulation of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages after thoracic irradiation (5 × 6 Gy) compared to wild-type mice. Conditioned media from irradiated or 12S-HETE-treated primary pneumocytes contained elevated levels of IL-4 and IL-13 compared to untreated pneumocytes. Primary macrophages treated with conditioned media from irradiated AECII demonstrated preferential M2 type polarization when AECIIs were derived from wild-type mice compared to 12-LOX-deficient mice. Together, these data identified 12-LOX as a critical component of RIPF and a therapeutic target for radiation-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jessica L Reedy
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Seokjoo Kwon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Shilpa Patil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Luca Valle
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ayla O White
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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27
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Correll KA, Edeen KE, Zemans RL, Redente EF, Serban KA, Curran-Everett D, Edelman BL, Mikels-Vigdal A, Mason RJ. Transitional human alveolar type II epithelial cells suppress extracellular matrix and growth factor gene expression in lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L283-L294. [PMID: 31166130 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00337.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-fibroblast interactions are thought to be very important in the adult lung in response to injury, but the specifics of these interactions are not well defined. We developed coculture systems to define the interactions of adult human alveolar epithelial cells with lung fibroblasts. Alveolar type II cells cultured on floating collagen gels reduced the expression of type 1 collagen (COL1A1) and α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) in fibroblasts. They also reduced fibroblast expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7, KGF), and FGF10. When type II cells were cultured at an air-liquid interface to maintain high levels of surfactant protein expression, this inhibitory activity was lost. When type II cells were cultured on collagen-coated tissue culture wells to reduce surfactant protein expression further and increase the expression of some type I cell markers, the epithelial cells suppressed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-stimulated ACTA2 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression in lung fibroblasts. Our results suggest that transitional alveolar type II cells and likely type I cells but not fully differentiated type II cells inhibit matrix and growth factor expression in fibroblasts. These cells express markers of both type II cells and type I cells. This is probably a normal homeostatic mechanism to inhibit the fibrotic response in the resolution phase of wound healing. Defining how transitional type II cells convert activated fibroblasts into a quiescent state and inhibit the effects of TGF-β may provide another approach to limiting the development of fibrosis after alveolar injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachel L Zemans
- National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Türker H. Histological and ultrastructural analyses of mole rats lung cells exposed to ultraviolet radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Türker
- Ankara University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Ankara, 06500, Turkey
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Qu H, Liu L, Liu Z, Qin H, Liao Z, Xia P, Yang Y, Li B, Gao F, Cai J. Blocking TBK1 alleviated radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Akt-Erk inactivation. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-17. [PMID: 30988282 PMCID: PMC6465273 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common serious complication of thoracic radiotherapy, radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) severely limits radiation therapy approaches. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a direct contributor to the fibroblast pool during fibrogenesis, and prevention of EMT is considered an effective strategy to inhibit tissue fibrosis. Our previous study revealed that TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) regulates EMT in lung cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting TBK1 to prevent RIPF and EMT progression. We found radiation-induced EMT and pulmonary fibrosis in normal alveolar epithelial cells and lung tissues. TBK1 knockdown or inhibition significantly reversed EMT in vivo and in vitro and attenuated pulmonary fibrosis and collagen deposition. Moreover, we observed that TBK1 was elevated in a time- and dose-dependent manner by radiation. Meanwhile, radiation also induced time- and dose-dependent activation of AKT and ERK, each of whose inhibitors suppressed radiation-induced EMT. Intriguingly, silencing of TBK1 with shRNA also blocked the radiation-induced activation of AKT and ERK signaling. The ERK inhibitor did not obviously affect the expression of TBK1 or phosphorylated AKT, while AKT inhibition suppressed activation of ERK without changing the expression of TBK1. Finally, we found that a TBK1 inhibitor inhibited inflammatory cytokine expression in a RIPF model and Amlexanox protected normal cells and mice from ionizing radiation. In conclusion, our results indicate that the TBK1–AKT–ERK signaling pathway regulates radiation-induced EMT in normal alveolar epithelial cells, suggesting that TBK1 is a potential target for pulmonary fibrosis prevention during cancer radiotherapy. The risk of scarred tissues and respiratory distress during radiation treatment of lung cancer could be reduced by targeting an enzyme that alters healthy cells. Lung cancer radiotherapy often causes pulmonary fibrosis, excessive growth of fibrous tissues in the lungs, involving the transition of normal epithelial cells into an invasive form of multipotent stem cells. The development of pulmonary fibrosis limits the clinical application of radiotherapy. Hongjin Qu and co-workers at the Second Military University in Shanghai, China, previously demonstrated that the TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) enzyme regulates this transition. Now, the team have shown that levels of TBK1 itself increased during radiation treatment, together with two proteins that would normally suppress alterations in healthy cells. Inhibiting TBK1, both in cell cultures and mouse models, reversed the cell transitions and prevented pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Qu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongran Qin
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zebin Liao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Penglin Xia
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bailong Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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Zhong Y, Lin Z, Lin X, Lu J, Wang N, Huang S, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Jiang J, Lin S. IGFBP7 contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HPAEpiC cells in response to radiation. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12500-12507. [PMID: 30834595 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) frequently occurs in patients with thoracic malignancies. In response to radiation, alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and contribute to the pathogenesis of RILI. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is reported as a downstream mediator of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway, which plays a crucial role in radiation-induced EMT. In the present study, the levels of IGFBP7 and TGF-β1 were simultaneously increased in experimental RILI models and radiation-treated AEC (human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells [HPAEpic]). The expression of IGFBP7 in radiation-treated HPAEpic cells was obviously inhibited by the specific inhibitor of TGF-β receptor antagonist SB431542 and TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody, and time-dependently enhanced by TGF-β1 treatment. Moreover, IGFBP7 knockdown significantly attenuated the effects of radiation on morphology change, cell migration, expression of EMT-related markers (E-cadherin, α-SMA, and Vimentin), and phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The effects of IGFBP7 overexpression on the expression of EMT-related markers were partially reversed by the ERK inhibitor PD98059. In conclusion, IGFBP7, was enhanced by TGF-β1, may be involved in radiation-induced EMT of AEC via the ERK signaling pathway, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Zhong
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangXing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zechen Lin
- Department of Oncolgy, Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianlei Lin
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangXing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Department of Oncolgy Comprehensive Treatment, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Oncolgy, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- Department of Oncolgy, Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Oncolgy, Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Oncolgy, Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Shen
- Department of Oncolgy, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Oncolgy, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangXing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhong Y, Lin Z, Lu J, Lin X, Xu W, Wang N, Huang S, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Lin S. CCL2-CCL5/CCR4 contributed to radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HPAEpiC cells via the ERK signaling pathways. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:733-743. [PMID: 30899375 PMCID: PMC6413271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung toxicity, including radiation pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, often occurs in patients receiving radiation therapy. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) plays critical roles in radiation-induced lung toxicity. In the present study, RNA sequencing was applied to examine the whole transcriptomes of human pulmonary AEC cells (HPAEpiC) with or without radiation treatment. We found that cytokine, chemokine and cell adhesion signaling pathways were enriched in radiation-treated cells. CCL2 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2), CCL5 and CCR4 (C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4) were among the top enriched genes in chemokine signaling pathway. The upregulation of CCL2, CCL5 and CCR4 in response to irradiation was confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels by real-time PCR, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses. Ophiopogonin B, a bioactive ingredient of Radix Ophiopogon japonicas, was found to attenuate radiation-induced EMT in HPAEpiC cells as demonstrated by the alteration in cell morphology, and the expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin. Ophiopogonin B could also reduce radiation-induced expression of CCL2, CCL5, CCR4 and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK). Moreover, CCR4 knockdown, U0126 (a MEK/ERK inhibitor) or ophiopogonin B also partially blocked the EMT promoting effects of CCL2 and CCL5. Our data suggested CCL2, CCL5 and CCR4 may be potential therapeutic targets for radiation-induced lung toxicity. Ophiopogonin B, which could down-regulate CCL2, CCL5 and CCR4, may be a useful radioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Zhong
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangXing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zechen Lin
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Hangzhou Cancer HospitalHangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Department of Oncology Comprehensive Treatment, Hangzhou Cancer HospitalHangzhou, China
| | - Xianlei Lin
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangXing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan HangzhouHangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Hangzhou Cancer HospitalHangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Hangzhou Cancer HospitalHangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Hangzhou Cancer HospitalHangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Oncology Comprehensive Treatment, Hangzhou Cancer HospitalHangzhou, China
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, GuangXing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou, China
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CXCR4-Overexpressing Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Protection against Radiation-Induced Lung Injury. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2457082. [PMID: 30867667 PMCID: PMC6379846 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2457082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Less quantity of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) influences the therapeutic effects on radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Previous studies have demonstrated that MSCs overexpressing Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) could increase the quantity of transplanted cells to local tissues. In the present study, we conducted overexpressing CXCR4 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUMSC) therapy for RILI. C57BL mice received single dose of thoracic irradiation with 13 Gy of X-rays and then were administered saline, control HUMSCs, or CXCR4-overexpressing HUMSCs via tail vein. Transfection with CXCR4 enhanced the quantity of transplanted HUMSCs in the radiation-induced injured lung tissues. CXCR4-overexpressing HUMSCs not only improved histopathological changes but also decreased the radiation-induced expression of SDF-1, TGF-β1, α-SMA, and collagen I and inhibited the radiation-induced decreased expression of E-cadherin. Transplanted CXCR4-overexpressing HUMSCs also could express pro-SP-C, indicated adopting the feature of ATII. These finding suggests that CXCR4-overexpressing HUMSCs enhance the protection against RILI and may be a promising strategy for RILI treatment.
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Wiesemann A, Ketteler J, Slama A, Wirsdörfer F, Hager T, Röck K, Engel DR, Fischer JW, Aigner C, Jendrossek V, Klein D. Inhibition of Radiation-Induced Ccl2 Signaling Protects Lungs from Vascular Dysfunction and Endothelial Cell Loss. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:213-231. [PMID: 29463096 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity often precludes the application of curative radiation doses. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (Ccl2) signaling inhibition to protect normal lung tissue from radiotherapy (RT)-induced injury. Results: RT-induced vascular dysfunction and associated adverse effects can be efficiently antagonized by inhibition of Ccl2 signaling using either the selective Ccl2 inhibitor bindarit (BIN) or mice deficient for the main Ccl2 receptor CCR2 (KO). BIN-treatment efficiently counteracted the RT-induced expression of Ccl2, normalized endothelial cell (EC) morphology and vascular function, and limited lung inflammation and metastasis early after irradiation (acute effects). A similar protection of the vascular compartment was detected by loss of Ccl2 signaling in lungs of CCR2-KO mice. Long-term Ccl2 signaling inhibition also significantly limited EC loss and accompanied fibrosis progression as adverse late effect. With respect to the human situation, we further confirmed that Ccl2 secreted by RT-induced senescent epithelial cells resulted in the activation of normally quiescent but DNA-damaged EC finally leading to EC loss in ex vivo cultured human normal lung tissue. Innovation: Abrogation of certain aspects of the secretome of irradiated resident lung cells, in particular signaling inhibition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype-factor Ccl2 secreted predominantly by RT-induced senescent epithelial cells, resulted in protection of the endothelial compartment. Conclusions: Radioprotection of the normal tissue via Ccl2 signaling inhibition without simultaneous protection or preferable radiosensitization of tumor tissue might improve local tumor control and survival, because higher doses of radiation could be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wiesemann
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital , Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Ketteler
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital , Essen, Germany
| | - Alexis Slama
- 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik-University Clinic Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital , Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- 3 Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Röck
- 4 Institute for Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel R Engel
- 5 Department Immunodynamics, Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- 4 Institute for Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Clemens Aigner
- 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik-University Clinic Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital , Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital , Essen, Germany
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Beach TA, Groves AM, Williams JP, Finkelstein JN. Modeling radiation-induced lung injury: lessons learned from whole thorax irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 96:129-144. [PMID: 30359147 PMCID: PMC6483900 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1532619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Models of thoracic irradiation have been developed as clinicians and scientists have attempted to decipher the events that led up to the pulmonary toxicity seen in human subjects following radiation treatment. The most common model is that of whole thorax irradiation (WTI), applied in a single dose. Mice, particularly the C57BL/6J strain, has been frequently used in these investigations, and has greatly informed our current understanding of the initiation and progression of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). In this review, we highlight the sequential progression and dynamic nature of RILI, focusing primarily on the vast array of information that has been gleaned from the murine model. Ample evidence indicates a wide array of biological responses that can be seen following irradiation, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, cellular senescence and inflammation, all triggered by the initial exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and heterogeneously maintained throughout the temporal progression of injury, which manifests as acute pneumonitis and later fibrosis. It appears that the early responses of specific cell types may promote further injury, disrupting the microenvironment and preventing a return to homeostasis, although the exact mechanisms driving these responses remains somewhat unclear. Attempts to either prevent or treat RILI in preclinical models have shown some success by targeting these disparate radiobiological processes. As our understanding of the dynamic cellular responses to radiation improves through the use of such models, so does the likelihood of preventing or treating RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Beach
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Angela M Groves
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacob N Finkelstein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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Treatment-Related Adverse Effects in Lung Cancer Patients after Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2018; 2018:6483626. [PMID: 30402100 PMCID: PMC6193322 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6483626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Lung cancer is a disease which, despite the advancements in treatment, still has a very poor 5-year survival rate. Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) is a highly advanced, sophisticated, and safe treatment which allows patients with early stage lung cancer to be treated effectively without invasive procedures and with excellent clinical outcomes. Avoiding surgery minimises morbidity and recovery time, bettering patients' quality of life. Furthermore, SABR allows patients unsuitable for surgery to still undergo curative treatment. Methods We aimed to review SABR-related normal tissue toxicities reported in the literature. While many studies assess safety, clinical efficacy, and disease control of SABR for lung cancer, the number of comprehensive reviews that analyse SABR-related side-effects is scarce. This integrative review summarises the toxicities reported in literature based on published clinical trials and tumour location (central or peripheral tumours) for available SABR techniques. Given that the majority of the clinical studies did not report on the statistical significance (e.g., p-values and confidence intervals) of the toxicities experienced by patients, statistical analyses cannot be performed. As a result, adverse events are compiled from clinical reports; however, due to various techniques and nonstandard toxicity reports, no meta-analysis is possible at the current stage of reported data. Results When comparing lobectomy and SABR in phase III trials, surgery resulted in increased procedure-related morbidity. In phase II trials, very few studies showed high grade toxicities/fatalities as a result of SABR for lung cancer. Gross target volume size was a significant predictor of toxicity. An ipsilateral mean lung dose larger than 9 Gy was significantly associated with radiation pneumonitis. Conclusions Based on the studies reviewed SABR is a safe treatment technique for lung cancer; however, further well-designed phase III randomised clinical trials are required to produce timely conclusive results and to enable their comparison and statistical analysis.
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FoxM1-dependent RAD51 and BRCA2 signaling protects idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts from radiation-induced cell death. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:584. [PMID: 29789556 PMCID: PMC5964221 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is critical for the control of many tumors and lung is an important dose-limiting organ that impacts radiation dose prescribed to avoid irreversible pulmonary fibrosis in cancer survivors. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, irreversible lung disease caused by aberrantly activated lung (myo)fibroblasts. The presence of pro-fibrotic, apoptosis-resistant fibroblasts in IPF promotes progressive fibrosis and may have a role in other diseases, if these resistant cells are selected for as a consequence of treatment. However, the pathological response of IPF fibroblasts to radiation compared to non-IPF lung fibroblasts is not known. To address this, we examined fibroblast viability following radiation in lung fibroblasts from IPF and non-IPF patients and the underlying mechanism that protects IPF fibroblasts from radiation-induced death. IPF fibroblasts are significantly more resistant to apoptosis compared to non-IPF lung fibroblasts, suggesting that resistance to radiation-induced cell death is a predominant mechanism leading to lung fibrosis. Analysis of γH2AX induction demonstrated that radiation-induced DNA damage is reduced in IPF fibroblasts and correlates to the activation of the transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) and subsequent upregulation of DNA repair proteins RAD51 and BRCA2. FoxM1 activation occurs secondary to FoxO3a suppression in IPF fibroblasts while restoration of FoxO3a function sensitizes IPF fibroblasts to radiation-induced cell death and downregulates FoxM1, RAD51, and BRCA2. Our findings support that increased FoxO3a/FoxM1-dependent DNA repair may be integral to the preservation of death-resistant fibrotic fibroblasts after radiation and that selective targeting of radioresistant fibroblasts may mitigate fibrosis.
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Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent pathway is one of the most integral pathways linked to cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This pathway is dysregulated in a variety of diseases, including neoplasia, immune-mediated diseases, and fibroproliferative diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. The mTOR kinase is frequently referred to as the master regulator of this pathway. Alterations in mTOR signaling are closely associated with dysregulation of autophagy, inflammation, and cell growth and survival, leading to the development of lung fibrosis. Inhibitors of mTOR have been widely studied in cancer therapy, as they may sensitize cancer cells to radiation therapy. Studies also suggest that mTOR inhibitors are promising modulators of fibroproliferative diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF). Therefore, mTOR represents an attractive and unique therapeutic target in pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the pathological role of mTOR kinase in pulmonary fibrosis and examine how mTOR inhibitors may mitigate fibrotic progression.
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Traver G, Mont S, Gius D, Lawson WE, Ding GX, Sekhar KR, Freeman ML. Loss of Nrf2 promotes alveolar type 2 cell loss in irradiated, fibrotic lung. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:578-586. [PMID: 28870520 PMCID: PMC5623074 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis represents a critical clinical issue limiting delivery of therapeutic doses of radiation to non-small cell lung cancer. Identification of the cell types whose injury initiates a fibrotic response and the underlying biological factors that govern that response are needed for developing strategies that prevent or mitigate fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice (wild type, Nrf2 null, Nrf2flox/flox, and Nrf2Δ/Δ; SPC-Cre) were administered a thoracic dose of 12Gy and allowed to recover for 250 days. Whole slide digital and confocal microscopy imaging of H&E, Masson's trichrome and immunostaining were used to assess tissue remodeling, collagen deposition and cell renewal/mobilization during the regenerative process. Histological assessment of irradiated, fibrotic wild type lung revealed significant loss of alveolar type 2 cells 250 days after irradiation. Type 2 cell loss and the corresponding development of fibrosis were enhanced in the Nrf2 null mouse. Yet, conditional deletion of Nrf2 in alveolar type 2 cells in irradiated lung did not impair type 2 cell survival nor yield an increased fibrotic phenotype. Instead, radiation-induced ΔNp63 stem/progenitor cell mobilization was inhibited in the Nrf2 null mouse while the propensity for radiation-induced myofibroblasts derived from alveolar type 2 cells was magnified. In summary, these results indicate that Nrf2 is an important regulator of irradiated lung's capacity to maintain alveolar type 2 cells, whose injury can initiate a fibrotic phenotype. Loss of Nrf2 inhibits ΔNp63 stem/progenitor mobilization, a key event for reconstitution of injured lung, while promoting a myofibroblast phenotype that is central for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geri Traver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stacey Mont
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William E Lawson
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - George X Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Konjeti R Sekhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Lavigne J, Soysouvanh F, Buard V, Tarlet G, Guipaud O, Paget V, Milliat F, François A. Conditional Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 Deletion in the Endothelial Compartment Has No Beneficial Effect on Radiation-Induced Whole-Lung Damage in Mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 99:972-982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nagarajan D, Wang L, Zhao W, Han X. Trichostatin A inhibits radiation-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the alveolar epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101745-101759. [PMID: 29254201 PMCID: PMC5731911 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis are major complications following thoracic radiotherapy. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tissue injury leading to organ fibrosis, including lung. Our previous studies have reported that radiation can induce EMT in the type II alveolar epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo. HDAC inhibitors are a new family of anti-cancer agents currently being used in several clinical trials. In addition to their intrinsic anti-tumor properties, HDAC inhibition is also important in other human diseases, including fibrosis and radiation-induced damage. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Trichostatin A (TSA), a HDAC inhibitor, on radiation-induced EMT in type II alveolar epithelial cells (RLE-6TN). Pre-treatment of RLE-6TN cells with TSA inhibited radiation-induced EMT-like morphological alterations including elevated protein level of α-SMA and Snail, reduction of E-cadherin expression, enhanced phosphorylation of GSK3β and ERK1/2, increased generation of ROS. Radiation enhanced the protein level of TGF-β1, which was blocked by N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant. Treating cells with SB-431542, TGF-β1 type I receptor inhibitor, diminished radiation-induced alterations in the protein levels of p-GSK-3β, Snail-1 and α-SMA, suggesting a regulatory role of TGF-β1 in EMT. Pre-incubation of cells with TSA showed significant decrease in the level of TGF-β1 compared to radiation control. Collectively, these results demonstrate that i] radiation-induced EMT in RLE-6TN cells is mediated by ROS/MEK/ERK and ROS/TGF-β1 signaling pathways and ii] the inhibitory role of TSA in radiation-induced EMT appears to be due, at least in part, to its action of blocking ROS and TGF-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devipriya Nagarajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaochen Han
- Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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Nagaraja SS, Krishnamoorthy V, Raviraj R, Paramasivam A, Nagarajan D. Effect of Trichostatin A on radiation induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1534-1541. [PMID: 28993195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is used to treat tumors of different origins and nature, but often lead to development of radioresistance and metastasis of cells. Interestingly, radiation induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process by which epithelial cells undergo mesenchymal phenotype and stimulates tumor progression capability. Our study investigated the effect of Trichostatin A (TSA), a natural derivate isolated from Streptomyces, upon radiation-induced lung EMT and we tried to understand the role of signaling molecules in irradiated lung cancer cells (A549). The cells were categorized into four groups: untreated control, radiation alone (R; 8Gy, X-ray), radiation combined with TSA (R + T) and TSA (100nM). Radiation-induced lung EMT were evidenced by decreased expression of epithelial marker like E-cadherin, Zona occluden1 (ZO-1) and increased expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin. The Snail protein, a master regulator of EMT, was observed to be elevated after radiation treatment. In addition, TGF-β1 signaling (smad2, 3, and 4) proteins were activated upon irradiation. Western blot data were supported by the altered m-RNA expression of E-cadherin, TGF-β and Snail genes and this effect were reversed by TSA treatment. In addition to this, as supportive evidence, we performed docking studies between snail protein and TSA using Auto docking software and results suggested that less binding energy was needed for the putative binding of TSA on C-terminal domain of Snail protein. Based on our report, we suggest that TSA can effectively inhibit radiation-induced EMT (i) by altering epithelial and mesenchymal markers (ii) by modulating signaling molecules of TGFβ1 pathway (iii) by inhibiting cancer cell migratory potential in A549 cells (iv)by effectively binding to Snail which is an enhancer of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vishnuvarthan Krishnamoorthy
- Radiation Biology Lab, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Raghavi Raviraj
- Radiation Biology Lab, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Alagudinesh Paramasivam
- Radiation Biology Lab, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Devipriya Nagarajan
- Radiation Biology Lab, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India.
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Lu J, Zhong Y, Lin Z, Lin X, Chen Z, Wu X, Wang N, Zhang H, Huang S, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Lin S. Baicalin alleviates radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of primary type II alveolar epithelial cells via TGF-β and ERK/GSK3β signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1219-1224. [PMID: 28931214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat thoracic malignancies. However, it may lead to severe lung pneumonitis and ultimately fibrosis. Irradiation has been reported to increase epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), which play an important role in pulmonary fibrosis. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and ERK/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathways are critically involved in radiation-induced EMT. In the present study, we investigated whether baicalin was a novel therapeutic candidate for radiation-induced EMT in type II AEC. METHODS Primary type II AEC were isolated and treated with 60Co γ-rays and a series doses of baicalin (2μM, 10μM and 50μM). The ultrastructure and morphology changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy, respectively. Protein expression was determined by western blotting analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the nuclear translocation of Snail. RESULTS After irradiation, type II AEC displayed a mesenchymal-like morphology accompanied by a decrease in E-cadherin expression, an increase in the expression of Vimentin and α-SMA. Nuclear translocation of Snail, the activation of TGF-β/Smad pathway, and the inactivation of GSK3β were prominent in radiation-treated cells. Baicalin significantly attenuated the effects of radiation on type II AEC. CONCLUSIONS Baicalin may a useful radioprotective agent through suppressing the EMT of type II AEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Lu
- Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Yazhen Zhong
- Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Zechen Lin
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Xianlei Lin
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Xuping Wu
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Haiqiao Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Siyu Huang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou Cancer Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, PR China.
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Son B, Kwon T, Lee S, Han I, Kim W, Youn H, Youn B. CYP2E1 regulates the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis via ER stress- and ROS-dependent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L916-L929. [PMID: 28798253 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00144.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is one of the most common side effects of lung cancer radiotherapy. This study was conducted to identify the molecular mechanism responsible for RIPF. We revealed that the transcriptional level of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) was elevated by examining expression profile analysis of RIPF mouse models. We also confirmed that CYP2E1 regulated levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells and lung fibroblasts. Inhibition of CYP2E1 via its siRNA or inhibitor significantly attenuated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of AE2 cells, as well as myofibroblast formation induced by radiation. Finally, the effects of a CYP2E1 inhibitor on development of RIPF were evaluated by in vivo studies. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that CYP2E1 is an important mediator of RIPF development that functions by increasing cellular ER stress and ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomseok Son
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeWoo Kwon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - IkJoon Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Integrative Graduate Program of Ship and Offshore Plant Technology for Ocean Energy Resource, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; and
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; .,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Deng G, Liang N, Xie J, Luo H, Qiao L, Zhang J, Wang D, Zhang J. Pulmonary toxicity generated from radiotherapeutic treatment of thoracic malignancies. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:501-511. [PMID: 28693198 PMCID: PMC5494764 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) remains a major obstacle for thoracic radiotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer, esophageal cancer and lymphoma. It is the principal dose-limiting complication, and can markedly impair the therapeutic ratio as well as a patient's quality of life. The current review presents the relevant concepts associated with RILI, including the pathogenic mechanisms and the potential treatment strategies, so as to achieve a general understanding of this issue. RILI comprises an acute radiation pneumonitis phase and subsequent late lung fibrosis. The established assessment criteria are clinical manifestations, imaging changes and the necessity for medical assistance. Risk factors are also considered in order to optimize treatment planning. Due to the underlying molecular mechanisms of RILI, the present review also discusses several targeted pharmacological approaches for its treatment, as well as corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Lili Qiao
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Graduate School, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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45
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Klein D, Steens J, Wiesemann A, Schulz F, Kaschani F, Röck K, Yamaguchi M, Wirsdörfer F, Kaiser M, Fischer JW, Stuschke M, Jendrossek V. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Protects Lungs from Radiation-Induced Endothelial Cell Loss by Restoring Superoxide Dismutase 1 Expression. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:563-582. [PMID: 27572073 PMCID: PMC5393411 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity is closely linked to endothelial cell (EC) damage and dysfunction (acute effects). However, the underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced adverse late effects with respect to the vascular compartment remain elusive, and no causative radioprotective treatment is available to date. RESULTS The importance of injury to EC for radiation-induced late toxicity in lungs after whole thorax irradiation (WTI) was investigated using a mouse model of radiation-induced pneumopathy. We show that WTI induces EC loss as long-term complication, which is accompanied by the development of fibrosis. Adoptive transfer of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) either derived from bone marrow or aorta (vascular wall-resident MSCs) in the early phase after irradiation limited the radiation-induced EC loss and fibrosis progression. Furthermore, MSC-derived culture supernatants rescued the radiation-induced reduction in viability and long-term survival of cultured lung EC. We further identified the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) as a MSC-secreted factor. Importantly, MSC treatment restored the radiation-induced reduction of SOD1 levels after WTI. A similar protective effect was achieved by using the SOD-mimetic EUK134, suggesting that MSC-derived SOD1 is involved in the protective action of MSC, presumably through paracrine signaling. INNOVATION In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of MSC therapy to prevent radiation-induced EC loss (late effect) and identified the protective mechanisms of MSC action. CONCLUSIONS Adoptive transfer of MSCs early after irradiation counteracts radiation-induced vascular damage and EC loss as late adverse effects. The high activity of vascular wall-derived MSCs for radioprotection may be due to their tissue-specific action. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 563-582.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Klein
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Steens
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Alina Wiesemann
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- 2 Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- 2 Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Röck
- 3 Institute for Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- 2 Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- 3 Institute for Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- 5 Department of Radiotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital , Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- 1 Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
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46
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Standardized Herbal Formula PM014 Inhibits Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45001. [PMID: 28322297 PMCID: PMC5359558 DOI: 10.1038/srep45001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is widely used for thoracic cancers. However, it occasionally causes radiation-induced lung injuries, including pneumonitis and fibrosis. Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Tang (CSBHT) has been traditionally used to treat chronic pulmonary disease in Korea. PM014, a modified herbal formula derived from CSBHT, contains medicinal herbs of seven species. In our previous studies, PM014 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease model. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of PM014 on radiation-induced lung inflammation. Mice in the treatment group were orally administered PM014 six times for 2 weeks. Effects of PM014 on radiation pneumonitis were evaluated based on histological findings and differential cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PM014 treatment significantly inhibited immune cell recruitment and collagen deposition in lung tissue. Normal lung volume, evaluated by radiological analysis, in PM014-treated mice was higher compared to that in irradiated control mice. PM014-treated mice exhibited significant changes in inspiratory capacity, compliance and tissue damping and elastance. Additionally, PM014 treatment resulted in the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and fibrosis-related genes and a reduction in the transforming growth factor-β1-positive cell population in lung tissue. Thus, PM014 is a potent therapeutic agent for radiation-induced lung fibrosis and inflammation.
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Wei L, Zhang J, Yang ZL, You H. Extracellular superoxide dismutase increased the therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stromal cells in radiation pulmonary fibrosis. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:586-602. [PMID: 28314668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Pulmonary fibrosis induced by irradiation is a significant problem of radiotherapy in cancer patients. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is found to be predominantly and highly expressed in the extracellular matrix of lung and plays a pivotal role against oxidative damage. Early administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been demonstrated to reduce fibrosis of damaged lung. However, injection of MSCs at a later stage would be involved in fibrosis development. The present study aimed to determine whether injection of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) over-expressing SOD3 at the established fibrosis stage would have beneficial effects in a mice model of radiation pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Herein, pulmonary fibrosis in mice was induced using Cobalt-60 (60Co) irradiator with 20 Gy, followed by intravenous injection of UC-MSCs, transduced or not to express SOD3 at 2 h (early delivery) and 60 day (late delivery) post-irradiation, respectively. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that the early administration of UC-MSCs could attenuate the microscopic damage, reduce collagen deposition, inhibit (myo)fibroblast proliferation, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, protect alveolar type II (AE2) cell injury, prevent oxidative stress and increase antioxidant status, and reduce pro-fibrotic cytokine level in serum. Furthermore, the early treatment with SOD3-infected UC-MSCs resulted in better improvement. However, we failed to observe the therapeutic effects of UC-MSCs, transduced to express SOD3, during established fibrosis. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results demonstrated that the early treatment with UC-MSCs alone significantly reduced radiation pulmonary fibrosis in mice through paracrine effects, with further improvement by administration of SOD3-infected UC-MSCs, suggesting that SOD3-infected UC-MSCs may be a potential cell-based gene therapy to treat clinical radiation pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zai-Liang Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua You
- Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Adenovirus-mediated Foxp3 expression in lung epithelial cells ameliorates acute radiation-induced pneumonitis in mice. Gene Ther 2016; 24:104-112. [PMID: 27996966 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead transcription factor 3 (Foxp3) has a critical role in regulatory T cells (Treg). There are an increasing number of researches concerning the functions of Foxp3 in other cells, including lung epithelial cells besides Treg. However, the roles of Foxp3 in lung epithelial cells remain poorly understood. To examine the potential therapeutic benefits of Foxp3 for lung inflammation, this study investigates the effect of adenovirus-mediated Foxp3 overexpression in a radiation-induced lung damage model. Foxp3-EGFP expressing adenovirus was administered by intratracheal injection three times over 14 days after focal X-ray irradiation. To evaluate effects of Foxp3 overexpression in radiation-induced lung inflammation, immune cell profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were analyzed. Foxp3 gene-delivered mice showed significant inhibition of immune cell infiltration, such as eosinophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils in BAL fluid. Histopathological analysis also showed that Foxp3 overexpression inhibits inflammatory cell recruitment and collagen deposition in lung tissues. In addition, expression of inflammatory and fibrosis-related genes was decreased in the Foxp3 expression adenovirus-infected group. These results suggest that Foxp3 expression in lungs holds considerable therapeutic potential for attenuating inflammation and fibrosis in radiation-induced lung injury.
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49
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Yang J, Ding C, Dai X, Lv T, Xie T, Zhang T, Gao W, Gong J, Zhu W, Li N, Li J. Soluble Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Intestinal Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 41:1399-1410. [PMID: 27660288 DOI: 10.1177/0148607116671101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xujie Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tengfei Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tingbing Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tenghui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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A survey of changing trends in modelling radiation lung injury in mice: bringing out the good, the bad, and the uncertain. J Transl Med 2016; 96:936-49. [PMID: 27479087 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Within this millennium there has been resurgence in funding and research dealing with animal models of radiation-induced lung injury to identify and establish predictive biomarkers and effective mitigating agents that are applicable to humans. Most have been performed on mice but there needs to be assurance that the emphasis on such models is not misplaced. We therefore considered it timely to perform a comprehensive appraisal of the literature dealing with radiation lung injury of mice and to critically evaluate the validity and clinical relevance of the research. A total of 357 research papers covering the period of 1970-2015 were extensively reviewed. Whole thorax irradiation (WTI) has become the most common treatment for studying lung injury in mice and distinct trends were seen with regard to the murine strain, radiation dose, intended pathology investigated, length of study, and assays. Recently, the C57BL/6 strain has been increasingly used in the majority of these studies with the notion that they are susceptible to pulmonary fibrosis. Nonetheless, many of these investigations depend on animal survival as the primary end point and neglect the importance of radiation pneumonitis and the anomaly of lethal pleural effusions. A relatively large variation in survival times of C5BL/6 mice is also seen among different institutions pointing to the need for standardization of radiation treatments and environmental conditions. An analysis of mitigating drug treatments is complicated by the fact that the majority of studies are limited to the C57BL/6 strain with a premature termination of the experiments and do not establish whether the treatment actually prevents or simply delays the progression of radiation injury. This survey of the literature has pointed to several improvements that need to be considered in establishing a reliable preclinical murine model of radiation lung injury. The lethality end point should also be used cautiously and with greater emphasis on other assays such as non-invasive lung functional and imaging monitoring in order to quantify specific pulmonary injury that can be better extrapolated to radiation toxicity encountered in our own species.
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