1
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Pang S, Luo Z, Dong W, Gao S, Chen W, Liu N, Zhang X, Gao X, Li J, Gao K, Shi X, Guan F, Zhang L, Zhang L. Integrin β1/FAK/SRC signal pathway is involved in autism spectrum disorder in Tspan7 knockout rats. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:6/3/e202201616. [PMID: 36625203 PMCID: PMC9768919 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TSPAN7 is related to various neurological disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the underlying synaptic mechanism of TSPAN7 in ASD is still unclear. Here, we showed that Tspan7 knockout rats exhibited ASD-like and ID-like behavioral phenotypes, brain structure alterations including decreased hippocampal and cortical volume, and related pathological changes including reduced hippocampal neurons number, neuronal complexity, dendritic spines, and synapse-associated proteins. Then, we found that TSPAN7 deletion interrupted the integrin β1/FAK/SRC signal pathway that was followed by the down-regulation of PSD95, SYN, and GluR1/2, which are key synaptic integrity-related proteins. Furthermore, reactivation of SRC restored the expression of synaptic integrity-related proteins in primary neurons of TSPAN7 knockout brains. Taken together, our results suggested that TSPAN7 knockout caused ASD-like and ID-like behaviors in rats and impaired neuronal synapses possibly through the down-regulation of the integrin β1/FAK/SRC signal pathway, which might be a new mechanism on regulation of synaptic proteins expression and on ASD pathogenesis by mutated TSPAN7. These findings provide novel insights into the role of TSPAN7 in psychiatric diseases and highlight integrin β1/FAK/SRC as a potential target for ASD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Pang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuohui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Shi
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Guan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China .,Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Oh Y, Lee W, Kim SH, Lee S, Kim BC, Lee KH, Kim SH, Song WK. SPIN90 Deficiency Ameliorates Amyloid β Accumulation by Regulating APP Trafficking in AD Model Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810563. [PMID: 36142484 PMCID: PMC9504172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a common form of dementia, is caused in part by the aggregation and accumulation in the brain of amyloid β (Aβ), a product of the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in endosomes. Trafficking of APP, such as surface-intracellular recycling, is an early critical step required for Aβ generation. Less is known, however, about the molecular mechanism regulating APP trafficking. This study investigated the mechanism by which SPIN90, along with Rab11, modulates APP trafficking, Aβ motility and accumulation, and synaptic functionality. Brain Aβ deposition was lower in the progeny of 5xFAD-SPIN90KO mice than in 5xFAD-SPIN90WT mice. Analysis of APP distribution and trafficking showed that the surface fraction of APP was locally distinct in axons and dendrites, with these distributions differing significantly in 5xFAD-SPIN90WT and 5xFAD-SPIN90KO mice, and that neural activity-driven APP trafficking to the surface and intracellular recycling were more actively mobilized in 5xFAD-SPIN90KO neurons. In addition, SPIN90 was found to be cotrafficked with APP via axons, with ablation of SPIN90 reducing the intracellular accumulation of APP in axons. Finally, synaptic transmission was restored over time in 5xFAD-SPIN90KO but not in 5xFAD-SPIN90WT neurons, suggesting SPIN90 is implicated in Aβ production through the regulation of APP trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsoo Oh
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Wongyoung Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Sooji Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Byeong C. Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (W.K.S.)
| | - Woo Keun Song
- Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (W.K.S.)
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3
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Berthold N, Pytte J, Bulik CM, Tschochner M, Medland SE, Akkari PA. Bridging the gap: Short structural variants in the genetics of anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:747-753. [PMID: 35470453 PMCID: PMC9545787 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a devastating disorder with evidence of underexplored heritability. Twin and family studies estimate heritability (h2 ) to be 57%-64%, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reveal significant genetic correlations with psychiatric and anthropometric traits and a total of nine genome-wide significant loci. Whether significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms identified by GWAS are causal or tag true causal variants, remains to be elucidated. We propose a novel method for bridging this knowledge gap by fine-mapping short structural variants (SSVs) in and around GWAS-identified loci. SSV fine-mapping of loci associated with complex disorders such as schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease has uncovered genetic risk markers, phenotypic variability between patients, new pathological mechanisms, and potential therapeutic targets. We analyze previous investigations' methods and propose utilizing an evaluation algorithm to prioritize 10 SSVs for each of the top two AN GWAS-identified loci followed by Sanger sequencing and fragment analysis via capillary electrophoresis to characterize these SSVs for case/control association studies. Success of previous SSV analyses in complex disorders and effective utilization of similar methodologies supports our proposed method. Furthermore, the structural and spatial properties of the 10 SSVs identified for each of the top two AN GWAS-associated loci, cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) and NCK interacting protein with SH3 domain (NCKIPSD), are similar to previous studies. We propose SSV fine-mapping of AN-associated loci will identify causal genetic architecture. Deepening understandings of AN may lead to novel therapeutic targets and subsequently increase quality-of-life for individuals living with the illness. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Anorexia nervosa is a severe and complex illness, arising from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Recent studies estimate the contribution of genetic variability; however, the specific DNA sequences and how they contribute remain unknown. We present a novel approach, arguing that the genetic variant class, short structural variants, could answer this knowledge gap and allow development of biologically targeted therapeutics, improving quality-of-life and patient outcomes for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Berthold
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences & PhysiotherapyUniversity of Notre Dame AustraliaFremantleWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Julia Pytte
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of NutritionUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Monika Tschochner
- School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences & PhysiotherapyUniversity of Notre Dame AustraliaFremantleWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Patrick Anthony Akkari
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative TherapeuticsMurdoch UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological DisordersUniversity of Western AustraliaNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of NeurologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
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Mahaman YAR, Huang F, Embaye KS, Wang X, Zhu F. The Implication of STEP in Synaptic Plasticity and Cognitive Impairments in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680118. [PMID: 34195199 PMCID: PMC8236946 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP) is a tyrosine phosphatase that has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, and many other neurological diseases. The protein level and activity of STEP have been found to be elevated in most of these disorders, and specifically in AD as a result of dysregulation of different pathways including PP2B/DARPP32/PP1, PKA as well as impairments of both proteasomal and lysosomal systems. The upregulation in STEP leads to increased binding to, and dephosphorylation of, its substrates which are mainly found to be synaptic plasticity and thus learning and memory related proteins. These proteins include kinases like Fyn, Pyk2, ERK1/2 and both NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits GluN2B and GluA2. The dephosphorylation of these molecules results in inactivation of these kinases and internalization of NMDA and AMPA receptor complexes leading to synapse loss and cognitive impairments. In this study, we aim to review STEP regulation and its implications in AD as well as other neurological disorders and then summarize data on targeting STEP as therapeutic strategy in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kidane Siele Embaye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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5
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Investigating regions of shared genetic variation in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorder: a GWAS meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7353. [PMID: 33795730 PMCID: PMC8016853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrates a high level of comorbidity with major depressive disorder (MDD). One possible contributor to this is that the two disorders show high genetic correlation. However, the specific regions of the genome that may be responsible for this overlap are unclear. To identify variants associated with both ADHD and MDD, we performed a meta-analysis of GWAS of ADHD and MDD. All genome wide significant (p < 5 × 10–8) SNPs in the meta-analysis that were also strongly associated (p < 5 × 10–4) independently with each disorder were followed up. These putatively pleiotropic SNPs were tested for additional associations across a broad range of phenotypes. Fourteen linkage disequilibrium-independent SNPs were associated with each disorder separately (p < 5 × 10–4) and in the cross-disorder meta-analysis (p < 5 × 10–8). Nine of these SNPs had not been highlighted previously in either individual GWAS. Evidence supported nine of the fourteen SNPs acting as eQTL and two as brain eQTL. Index SNPs and their genomic regions demonstrated associations with other mental health phenotypes. Through conducting meta-analysis on ADHD and MDD only, our results build upon the previously observed genetic correlation between ADHD and MDD and reveal novel genomic regions that may be implicated in this overlap.
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6
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Chatterjee M, Kwon J, Benedict J, Kamceva M, Kurup P, Lombroso PJ. STEP inhibition prevents Aβ-mediated damage in dendritic complexity and spine density in Alzheimer's disease. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:881-890. [PMID: 33420799 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-06028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Loss of dendritic spines and decline of cognitive function are hallmarks of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that AD pathophysiology involves increased expression of a central nervous system-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase called STEP (STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase). STEP opposes the development of synaptic strengthening by dephosphorylating substrates, including GluN2B, Pyk2, and ERK1/2. Genetic reduction of STEP as well as pharmacological inhibition of STEP improve cognitive function and hippocampal memory in the 3×Tg-AD mouse model. Here, we show that the improved cognitive function is accompanied by an increase in synaptic connectivity in cell cultures as well as in the triple transgenic AD mouse model, further highlighting the potential of STEP inhibitors as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manavi Chatterjee
- Child Study Center, Yale University, 230 South Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Jeemin Kwon
- Child Study Center, Yale University, 230 South Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jessie Benedict
- Child Study Center, Yale University, 230 South Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Marija Kamceva
- Child Study Center, Yale University, 230 South Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Pradeep Kurup
- Child Study Center, Yale University, 230 South Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Paul J Lombroso
- Child Study Center, Yale University, 230 South Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Departments of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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7
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Mao LM, Geosling R, Penman B, Wang JQ. Local substrates of non-receptor tyrosine kinases at synaptic sites in neurons. SHENG LI XUE BAO : [ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SINICA] 2017; 69:657-665. [PMID: 29063113 PMCID: PMC5672811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several non-receptor tyrosine kinase (nRTK) members are expressed in neurons of mammalian brains. Among these neuron-enriched nRTKs, two Src family kinase members (Src and Fyn) are particularly abundant at synaptic sites and have been most extensively studied for their roles in the regulation of synaptic activity and plasticity. Increasing evidence shows that the synaptic subpool of nRTKs interacts with a number of local substrates, including glutamate receptors (both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors), postsynaptic scaffold proteins, presynaptic proteins, and synapse-enriched enzymes. By phosphorylating specific tyrosine residues in the intracellular domains of these synaptic proteins either constitutively or in an activity-dependent manner, nRTKs regulate these substrates in trafficking, surface expression, and function. Given the high sensitivity of nRTKs to changing synaptic input, nRTKs are considered to act as a critical regulator in the determination of the strength and efficacy of synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Mao
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Ryan Geosling
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Brian Penman
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - John Q Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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8
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Kim DH, Kang M, Kim CH, Huh YH, Cho IH, Ryu HH, Chung KH, Park CS, Rhee S, Lee YS, Song WK. SPIN90 Modulates Long-Term Depression and Behavioral Flexibility in the Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:295. [PMID: 28979184 PMCID: PMC5611360 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of actin-binding proteins (ABPs) in the regulation of synapse morphology and plasticity has been well established. SH3 protein interacting with Nck, 90 kDa (SPIN90), an Nck-interacting protein highly expressed in synapses, is essential for actin remodeling and dendritic spine morphology. Synaptic targeting of SPIN90 to spine heads or dendritic shafts depends on its phosphorylation state, leading to blockage of cofilin-mediated actin depolymerization and spine shrinkage. However, the physiological role of SPIN90 in long-term plasticity, learning and memory are largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that Spin90-knockout (KO) mice exhibit substantial deficits in synaptic plasticity and behavioral flexibility. We found that loss of SPIN90 disrupted dendritic spine density in CA1 neurons of the hippocampus and significantly impaired long-term depression (LTD), leaving basal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) intact. These impairments were due in part to deficits in AMPA receptor endocytosis and its pre-requisites, GluA1 dephosphorylation and postsynaptic density (PSD) 95 phosphorylation, but also by an intrinsic activation of Akt-GSK3β signaling as a result of Spin90-KO. In accordance with these defects, mice lacking SPIN90 were found to carry significant deficits in object-recognition and behavioral flexibility, while learning ability was largely unaffected. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a novel modulatory role for SPIN90 in hippocampal LTD and behavioral flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hwan Kim
- Bio Imaging and Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Chong-Hyun Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and TechnologySeoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Hyun Huh
- Bio Imaging and Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju, South Korea
| | - In Ha Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth CollegeHanover, NH, United States
| | - Hyun-Hee Ryu
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea.,Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwun Chung
- Electron Microscope Facility, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Seung Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju, South Korea
| | - Sangmyung Rhee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Keun Song
- Bio Imaging and Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju, South Korea
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9
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Actin-Dependent Alterations of Dendritic Spine Morphology in Shankopathies. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:8051861. [PMID: 27795858 PMCID: PMC5067329 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8051861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank proteins (Shank1, Shank2, and Shank3) act as scaffolding molecules in the postsynaptic density of many excitatory neurons. Mutations in SHANK genes, in particular SHANK2 and SHANK3, lead to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in both human and mouse models. Shank3 proteins are made of several domains-the Shank/ProSAP N-terminal (SPN) domain, ankyrin repeats, SH3 domain, PDZ domain, a proline-rich region, and the sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain. Via various binding partners of these domains, Shank3 is able to bind and interact with a wide range of proteins including modulators of small GTPases such as RICH2, a RhoGAP protein, and βPIX, a RhoGEF protein for Rac1 and Cdc42, actin binding proteins and actin modulators. Dysregulation of all isoforms of Shank proteins, but especially Shank3, leads to alterations in spine morphogenesis, shape, and activity of the synapse via altering actin dynamics. Therefore, here, we highlight the role of Shank proteins as modulators of small GTPases and, ultimately, actin dynamics, as found in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. The failure to mediate this regulatory role might present a shared mechanism in the pathophysiology of autism-associated mutations, which leads to dysregulation of spine morphogenesis and synaptic signaling.
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10
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Kang J, Park H, Kim E. IRSp53/BAIAP2 in dendritic spine development, NMDA receptor regulation, and psychiatric disorders. Neuropharmacology 2015; 100:27-39. [PMID: 26275848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IRSp53 (also known as BAIAP2) is a multi-domain scaffolding and adaptor protein that has been implicated in the regulation of membrane and actin dynamics at subcellular structures, including filopodia and lamellipodia. Accumulating evidence indicates that IRSp53 is an abundant component of the postsynaptic density at excitatory synapses and an important regulator of actin-rich dendritic spines. In addition, IRSp53 has been implicated in diverse psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Mice lacking IRSp53 display enhanced NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor function accompanied by social and cognitive deficits, which are reversed by pharmacological suppression of NMDA receptor function. These results suggest the hypothesis that defective actin/membrane modulation in IRSp53-deficient dendritic spines may lead to social and cognitive deficits through NMDA receptor dysfunction. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Synaptopathy--from Biology to Therapy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Haram Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea; Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.
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11
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Sala C, Segal M. Dendritic spines: the locus of structural and functional plasticity. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:141-88. [PMID: 24382885 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of high-resolution time lapse imaging and molecular biological tools has changed dramatically the rate of progress towards the understanding of the complex structure-function relations in synapses of central spiny neurons. Standing issues, including the sequence of molecular and structural processes leading to formation, morphological change, and longevity of dendritic spines, as well as the functions of dendritic spines in neurological/psychiatric diseases are being addressed in a growing number of recent studies. There are still unsettled issues with respect to spine formation and plasticity: Are spines formed first, followed by synapse formation, or are synapses formed first, followed by emergence of a spine? What are the immediate and long-lasting changes in spine properties following exposure to plasticity-producing stimulation? Is spine volume/shape indicative of its function? These and other issues are addressed in this review, which highlights the complexity of molecular pathways involved in regulation of spine structure and function, and which contributes to the understanding of central synaptic interactions in health and disease.
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12
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Cho IH, Lee MJ, Kim DH, Kim B, Bae J, Choi KY, Kim SM, Huh YH, Lee KH, Kim CH, Song WK. SPIN90 dephosphorylation is required for cofilin-mediated actin depolymerization in NMDA-stimulated hippocampal neurons. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4369-83. [PMID: 23765104 PMCID: PMC3825632 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Actin plays a fundamental role in the regulation of spine morphology (both shrinkage and enlargement) upon synaptic activation. In particular, actin depolymerization is crucial for the spine shrinkage in NMDAR-mediated synaptic depression. Here, we define the role of SPIN90 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in regulating actin depolymerization via modulation of cofilin activity. When neurons were treated with NMDA, SPIN90 was dephosphorylated by STEP61 (striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase) and translocated from the spines to the dendritic shafts. In addition, phosphorylated SPIN90 bound cofilin and then inhibited cofilin activity, suggesting that SPIN90 dephosphorylation is a prerequisite step for releasing cofilin so that cofilin can adequately sever actin filaments into monomeric form. We found that SPIN90 YE, a phosphomimetic mutant, remained in the spines after NMDAR activation where it bound cofilin, thereby effectively preventing actin depolymerization. This led to inhibition of the activity-dependent redistribution of cortactin and drebrin A, as well as of the morphological changes in the spines that underlie synaptic plasticity. These findings indicate that NMDA-induced SPIN90 dephosphorylation and translocation initiates cofilin-mediated actin dynamics and spine shrinkage within dendritic spines, thereby modulating synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Ha Cho
- Bio Imaging and Cell Dynamics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Korea
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