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Burtscher J, Duderstadt Y, Gatterer H, Burtscher M, Vozdek R, Millet GP, Hicks AA, Ehrenreich H, Kopp M. Hypoxia Sensing and Responses in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1759. [PMID: 38339038 PMCID: PMC10855464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with various deficits in sensing and responding to reductions in oxygen availability (hypoxia). Here we summarize the evidence pointing to a central role of hypoxia in PD, discuss the relation of hypoxia and oxygen dependence with pathological hallmarks of PD, including mitochondrial dysfunction, dopaminergic vulnerability, and alpha-synuclein-related pathology, and highlight the link with cellular and systemic oxygen sensing. We describe cases suggesting that hypoxia may trigger Parkinsonian symptoms but also emphasize that the endogenous systems that protect from hypoxia can be harnessed to protect from PD. Finally, we provide examples of preclinical and clinical research substantiating this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Yves Duderstadt
- Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Sports Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy;
| | - Martin Burtscher
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Roman Vozdek
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Alessandro Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Andrew A. Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Via Alessandro Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
- Experimental Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Kopp
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.B.); (M.K.)
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2
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Sivagurunathan N, Calivarathan L. SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Premature Neuronal Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Is there any Connection with Hypoxia? CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:431-448. [PMID: 37073650 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230418114446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global concern as it leads to a spectrum of mild to severe symptoms and increases death tolls around the world. Severe COVID-19 results in acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypoxia, and multi- organ dysfunction. However, the long-term effects of post-COVID-19 infection are still unknown. Based on the emerging evidence, there is a high possibility that COVID-19 infection accelerates premature neuronal aging and increases the risk of age-related neurodegenerative diseases in mild to severely infected patients during the post-COVID period. Several studies correlate COVID-19 infection with neuronal effects, though the mechanism through which they contribute to the aggravation of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration is still under investigation. SARS-CoV-2 predominantly targets pulmonary tissues and interferes with gas exchange, leading to systemic hypoxia. The neurons in the brain require a constant supply of oxygen for their proper functioning, suggesting that they are more vulnerable to any alteration in oxygen saturation level that results in neuronal injury with or without neuroinflammation. We hypothesize that hypoxia is one of the major clinical manifestations of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection; it directly or indirectly contributes to premature neuronal aging, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration by altering the expression of various genes responsible for the survival of the cells. This review focuses on the interplay between COVID-19 infection, hypoxia, premature neuronal aging, and neurodegenerative diseases and provides a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmadhaa Sivagurunathan
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur - 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur - 610005, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Zailani H, Satyanarayanan SK, Liao WC, Hsu YT, Huang SY, Gałecki P, Su KP, Chang JPC. Roles of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Managing Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4363. [PMID: 37892438 PMCID: PMC10609799 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) contributes significantly to the death of people worldwide, especially the elderly. An essential feature of COPD is pulmonary inflammation, which results from long-term exposure to noxious substances from cigarette smoking and other environmental pollutants. Pulmonary inflammatory mediators spill over to the blood, leading to systemic inflammation, which is believed to play a significant role in the onset of a host of comorbidities associated with COPD. A substantial comorbidity of concern in COPD patients that is often overlooked in COPD management is cognitive impairment. The exact pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in COPD patients remains a mystery; however, hypoxia, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and cerebral manifestations of these conditions are believed to play crucial roles. Furthermore, the use of medications to treat cognitive impairment symptomatology in COPD patients has been reported to be associated with life-threatening adverse effects, hence the need for alternative medications with reduced side effects. In this Review, we aim to discuss the impact of cognitive impairment in COPD management and the potential mechanisms associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment in COPD patients. The promising roles of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in improving cognitive deficits in COPD patients are also discussed. Interestingly, ω-3 PUFAs can potentially enhance the cognitive impairment symptomatology associated with COPD because they can modulate inflammatory processes, activate the antioxidant defence system, and promote amyloid-beta clearance from the brain. Thus, clinical studies are crucial to assess the efficacy of ω-3 PUFAs in managing cognitive impairment in COPD patients.
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Grants
- MOST 109-2320-B-038-057-MY3, 109-2320-B-039-066, 110-2321-B-006-004, 111-2321-B-006-008, 110-2811-B-039-507, 110-2320-B-039-048-MY2, and 110-2320-B-039-047-MY3, 110-2813-C-039-327-B, 110-2314-B-039-029-MY3, 111-2314-B-039-041-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- ANHRF 109-31, 109-40, 110-13, 110-26, 110-44, 110-45, 111-27, and 111-28 An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
- CMRC-CMA-2 Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE), Taiwan
- CMU 110-AWARD-02, CMU108-SR-106, CMU110-N-17, CMU110-SR-73 China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- CRS-108-048, DMR-105-053, DMR-109-102, DMR-109-244, DMR-HHC-109-11, DMR-HHC-109-12, DMR-HHC-110-10, DMR-110-124, DMR-111-245 and DMR-HHC-111-8 China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Halliru Zailani
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (H.Z.); (S.K.S.)
- Graduate Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810106, Nigeria
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (H.Z.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Wei-Chih Liao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsu
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Centre, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (H.Z.); (S.K.S.)
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (H.Z.); (S.K.S.)
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Correia AS, Marques L, Cardoso A, Vale N. Exploring the Role of Drug Repurposing in Bridging the Hypoxia-Depression Connection. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:800. [PMID: 37755222 PMCID: PMC10537732 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
High levels of oxidative stress are implicated in hypoxia, a physiological response to low levels of oxygen. Evidence supports a connection between this response and depression. Previous studies indicate that tryptophan hydroxylase can be negatively affected in hypoxia, impairing serotonin synthesis and downstream pathways. Some studies also hypothesize that increasing hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) levels may be a new therapeutic modality for depression. Hence, this study delved into the influence of hypoxia on the cellular response to drugs designed to act in depression. By the induction of hypoxia in SH-SY5Y cells through a hypoxia incubator chamber or Cobalt Chloride treatment, the effect of Mirtazapine, an antidepressant, and other drugs that interact with serotonin receptors (TCB-2, Dextromethorphan, Ketamine, Quetiapine, Scopolamine, Celecoxib, and Lamotrigine) on SH-SY5Y cellular viability and morphology was explored. The selection of drugs was initially conducted by literature search, focusing on compounds with established potential for employment in depression therapy. Subsequently, we employed in silico approaches to forecast their ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This step was particularly pertinent as we aimed to assess their viability for inducing potential antidepressant effects. The effect of these drugs in hypoxia under the inhibition of HIF-1 by Echinomycin was also tested. Our results revealed that all the potential repurposed drugs promoted cell viability, especially when hypoxia was chemically induced. When combined with Echinomycin, all drugs decreased cellular viability, possibly by the inability to interact with HIF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salomé Correia
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lara Marques
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Cardoso
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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5
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Rodríguez-Pallares J, Labandeira-García J, García-Garrote M, Parga J. Combined cell-based therapy strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: focus on mesenchymal stromal cells. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:478-484. [DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.350193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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6
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Dumbleton J, Shamul JG, Jiang B, Agarwal P, Huang H, Jia X, He X. Oxidation and RGD Modification Affect the Early Neural Differentiation of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells Cultured in Core-Shell Alginate Hydrogel Microcapsules. Cells Tissues Organs 2022; 211:294-303. [PMID: 34038907 PMCID: PMC8617071 DOI: 10.1159/000514580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Directed neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has been studied extensively to improve the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This can be done through stromal-cell derived inducing activity (SDIA), by culturing ESCs directly on top of a layer of feeder stromal cells. However, the stem cells usually become mixed with the feeder cells during the differentiation process, making it difficult to obtain a pure population of the differentiated cells for further use. To address this issue, a non-planar microfluidic device is used here to encapsulate murine ESCs (mESCs) in the 3D liquid core of microcapsules with an alginate hydrogel shell of different sizes for early neural differentiation through SDIA, by culturing mESC-laden microcapsules over a feeder layer of PA6 cells. Furthermore, the alginate hydrogel shell of the microcapsules is modified via oxidation or RGD peptide conjugation to examine the mechanical and chemical effects on neural differentiation of the encapsulated mESC aggregates. A higher expression of Nestin is observed in the aggregates encapsulated in small (∼300 μm) microcapsules and cultured over the PA6 cell feeder layer. Furthermore, the modification of the alginate with RGD facilitates early neurite extension within the microcapsules. This study demonstrates that the presence of the RGD peptide, the SDIA effect of the PA6 cells, and the absence of leukemia inhibition factor from the medium can lead to the early differentiation of mESCs with extensive neurites within the 3D microenvironment of the small microcapsules. This is the first study to investigate the effects of cell adhesion and degradation of the encapsulation materials for directed neural differentiation of mESCs. The simple modifications (i.e., oxidation and RGD incorporation) of the miniaturized 3D environment for improved early neural differentiation of mESCs may potentially enhance further downstream differentiation of the mESCs into more specialized neurons for therapeutic use and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Dumbleton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - James G. Shamul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Bin Jiang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Pranay Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - Haishui Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA),Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Xiaoming He, Ph.D., Fishell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, Phone: 301-405-7946,
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Kusindarta DL, Wihadmadyatami H. Conditioned medium derived from bovine umbilical mesenchymal stem cells as an alternative source of cell-free therapy. Vet World 2021; 14:2588-2595. [PMID: 34903913 PMCID: PMC8654746 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2588-2595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells are an important source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It is known that the umbilical cord is rich in hematopoietic stem cells, which influenced research on ontogeny and transplantation (allogeneic transplantation). In recent years, stem cell research has emerged as an area of major interest due to its prospective applications in various aspects of both human and veterinary medicine. Moreover, it is known that the application of MSCs has several weaknesses. The use of these cells has limitations in terms of tumorigenesis effect, delivery, safety, and variability of therapeutic response, which led to the use of secretomes as an alternative to cell-free therapy. The main obstacle in its use is the availability of human UCB as an origin of MSCs and MSCs’ secretomes, which are often difficult to obtain. Ethical issues regarding the use of stem cells based on human origin are another challenge, so an alternative is needed. Several studies have demonstrated that MSCs obtained from bovine umbilical cords have the same properties and express the same surface markers as MSCs obtained from human umbilical cords. Therefore, secretomes from MSCs derived from domestic animals (bovine) can possibly be used in human and veterinary medicine. This finding would contribute significantly to improve cell-free therapy. At present, the use of UCB MSCs derived from domestic animals, especially bovines, is very restricted, and only limited data about bovine UCB are available. Therefore, the aim of this review was to provide an updated overview of cell-free therapy and discuss the new possibilities introduced by the generation of this therapy derived from bovine umbilical MSCs as a promising tool in developing modern and efficient treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Liliek Kusindarta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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8
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Babajani A, Yazdanpanah G, Farhadihosseinabadi B, Jamshidi E, Bahrami S, Niknejad H. Translational insights into stem cell preconditioning: From molecular mechanisms to preclinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112026. [PMID: 34411911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy (CBT) is a revolutionary approach for curing a variety of degenerative diseases. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is a novel strategy for treating tissue damages regarding stem cells unique properties such as differentiation potential, paracrine impacts, and self-renewal ability. However, the current cell-based treatments encounter considerable challenges to be translated into clinical practice, including low cell survival, migration, and differentiation rate of transplanted stem cells. The poor stem cell therapy outcomes mainly originate from the unfavorable condition of damaged tissues for transplanted stem cells. The promising method of preconditioning improves cell resistance against the host environment's stress by imposing certain conditions similar to the harsh microenvironment of the damaged tissues on the transplanted stem cells. Various pharmacological, biological, and physical inducers are able to establish preconditioning. In addition to their known pharmacological effects on tissues and cells, these preconditioning agents improve cell biological aspects such as cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, immunomodulation, paracrine impacts, and angiogenesis. This review focuses on different protocols and inducers of preconditioning along with underlying molecular mechanisms of their effects on stem cell behavior. Moreover, preclinical applications of preconditioned stem cells in various damaged organs such as heart, lung, brain, bone, cartilage, liver, and kidney are discussed with prospects of their translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Yazdanpanah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Elham Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheyl Bahrami
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Astrocytes In Vitro Reveals Hypoxia-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Modulation of Metabolism, and Dysregulation of the Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218028. [PMID: 33126586 PMCID: PMC7672558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of neurodegenerative diseases, and can both directly and indirectly impact on neuronal function through modulation of glial function. Astrocytes play a key role in regulating homeostasis within the central nervous system, and mediate hypoxia-induced changes in response to reduced oxygen availability. The current study performed a detailed characterization of hypoxia-induced changes in the transcriptomic profile of astrocytes in vitro. Human astrocytes were cultured under normoxic (5% CO2, 95% air) or hypoxic conditions (1% O2, 5% CO2, 94% N2) for 24 h, and the gene expression profile assessed by microarray analysis. In response to hypoxia 4904 genes were significantly differentially expressed (1306 upregulated and 3598 downregulated, FC ≥ 2 and p ≤ 0.05). Analysis of the significant differentially expressed transcripts identified an increase in immune response pathways, and dysregulation of signalling pathways, including HIF-1 (p = 0.002), and metabolism, including glycolysis (p = 0.006). To assess whether the hypoxia-induced metabolic gene changes observed affected metabolism at a functional level, both the glycolytic and mitochondrial flux were measured using an XF bioanalyser. In support of the transcriptomic data, under physiological conditions hypoxia significantly reduced mitochondrial respiratory flux (p = 0.0001) but increased basal glycolytic flux (p = 0.0313). However, when metabolically stressed, hypoxia reduced mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity (p = 0.0485) and both glycolytic capacity (p = 0.0001) and glycolytic reserve (p < 0.0001). In summary, the current findings detail hypoxia-induced changes in the astrocyte transcriptome in vitro, identifying potential targets for modifying the astrocyte response to reduced oxygen availability in pathological conditions associated with ischaemia/hypoxia, including manipulation of mitochondrial function, metabolism, and the immune response.
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10
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Lech W, Sarnowska A, Kuczynska Z, Dabrowski F, Figiel-Dabrowska A, Domanska-Janik K, Buzanska L, Zychowicz M. Biomimetic microenvironmental preconditioning enhance neuroprotective properties of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's Jelly (WJ-MSCs). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16946. [PMID: 33037314 PMCID: PMC7547118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuning stem cells microenvironment in vitro may influence their regenerative properties. In this study Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were encapsulated in 3D hydrogels derived from human fibrin (FB) or platelet lysate (PL) and the oxygen level was adjusted to physiological normoxia (5% O2). The influence of the type of the scaffold and physiological normoxia conditions was tested on the WJ-MSCs' survivability, proliferation, migratory potential, the level of expression of selected trophic factors, cytokines, and neural markers. Encapsulated WJ-MSCs revealed high survivability, stable proliferation rate, and ability to migrate out of the hydrogel and the up-regulated expression of all tested factors, as well as the increased expression of neural differentiation markers. Physiological normoxia stimulated proliferation of encapsulated WJ-MSCs and significantly enhanced their neuronal, but not glial, differentiation. Ex vivo studies with indirect co-culture of organotypic hippocampal slices and cell-hydrogel bio-constructs revealed strong neuroprotective effect of WJ-MSCs against neuronal death in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. This effect was potentiated further by FB scaffolds under 5% O2 conditions. Our results indicating significant effect of oxygen and 3D cytoarchitecture suggest the urgent need for further optimization of the microenvironmental conditions to improve therapeutical competence of the WJ-MSCs population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Lech
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Kuczynska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filip Dabrowski
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Starynkiewicza Square 1/3, 02-015, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Figiel-Dabrowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Domanska-Janik
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marzena Zychowicz
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Senthilkumar S, Venugopal C, Parveen S, K S, Rai KS, Kutty BM, Dhanushkodi A. Remarkable migration propensity of dental pulp stem cells towards neurodegenerative milieu: An in vitro analysis. Neurotoxicology 2020; 81:89-100. [PMID: 32905802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy provides a ray of hope for treating neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) were extensively investigated for their role in neuroregeneration. However, drawbacks like painful bone marrow extraction, less proliferation and poor CNS engraftment following systemic injections of BM-MSC prompt us to search for alternate/appropriate source of MSC for treating ND. In this context, dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) could be an alternative to BM-MSC as it possess both mesenchymal and neural characteristic features due to its origin from ectoderm, ease of isolation, higher proliferation index and better neuroprotection. A study on the migration potential of DPSC compared to BM-MSC in a neurodegenerative condition is warranted. Given the neural crest origin, we hypothesize that DPSC possess better migration towards neurodegenerative milieu as compared to BM-MSC. In this prospect, we investigated the migration potential of DPSC in an in vitro neurodegenerative condition. Towards this, transwell, Matrigel and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) migration assays were carried-out by seeding hippocampal neurons in the lower chamber and treated with 300 μM kainic acid (KA) for 6 h to induce neurodegeneration. Subsequently, the upper chamber of transwell was loaded with DPSC/BM-MSC and their migration potential was assessed following 24 h of incubation. Our results revealed that the migration potential of DPSC/BM-MSC was comparable in non-degenerative condition. However, following injury the migration potential of DPSC towards the degenerating site was significantly higher as compared to BM-MSC. Furthermore, upon exposure of naïve DPSC/BM-MSCs to culture medium derived from neurodegenerative milieu resulted in significant upregulation of homing factors like SDF-1alpha, CXCR-4, VCAM-1, VLA-4, CD44, MMP-2 suggesting that the superior migration potential of DPSC might be due to prompt expression of homing factors in DPSC compared to BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivapriya Senthilkumar
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitra Venugopal
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shobha K
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiranmai S Rai
- Dept. of Physiology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Bindu M Kutty
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anandh Dhanushkodi
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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12
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Salado-Manzano C, Perpiña U, Straccia M, Molina-Ruiz FJ, Cozzi E, Rosser AE, Canals JM. Is the Immunological Response a Bottleneck for Cell Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:250. [PMID: 32848630 PMCID: PMC7433375 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by a selective detrimental impact on neurons in a specific brain area. Currently, these diseases have no cures, although some promising trials of therapies that may be able to slow the loss of brain cells are underway. Cell therapy is distinguished by its potential to replace cells to compensate for those lost to the degenerative process and has shown a great potential to replace degenerated neurons in animal models and in clinical trials in PD and HD patients. Fetal-derived neural progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells are the main cell sources that have been tested in cell therapy approaches. Furthermore, new strategies are emerging, such as the use of adult stem cells, encapsulated cell lines releasing trophic factors or cell-free products, containing an enriched secretome, which have shown beneficial preclinical outcomes. One of the major challenges for these potential new treatments is to overcome the host immune response to the transplanted cells. Immune rejection can cause significant alterations in transplanted and endogenous tissue and requires immunosuppressive drugs that may produce adverse effects. T-, B-lymphocytes and microglia have been recognized as the main effectors in striatal graft rejection. This review aims to summarize the preclinical and clinical studies of cell therapies in PD and HD. In addition, the precautions and strategies to ensure the highest quality of cell grafts, the lowest risk during transplantation and the reduction of a possible immune rejection will be outlined. Altogether, the wide-ranging possibilities of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) could make therapeutic treatment of these incurable diseases possible in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Salado-Manzano
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Unai Perpiña
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Francisco J. Molina-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emanuele Cozzi
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Anne E. Rosser
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Josep M. Canals
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Chen W, Zhuo Y, Duan D, Lu M. Effects of Hypoxia on Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:332-339. [PMID: 31441734 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190823144928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are distributed in many parts of the human body, including
the bone marrow, placenta, umbilical cord, fat, and nasal mucosa. One of the unique features of
MSCs is their multidirectional differentiation potential, including the ability to undergo osteogenesis,
adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis, and to produce neurons, endothelial cells, Schwann cells, medullary
nucleus cells, cardiomyocytes, and alveolar epithelial cells. MSCs have thus become a hot research
topic in recent years. Numerous studies have investigated the differentiation of MSCs into various
types of cells in vitro and their application to numerous fields. However, most studies have cultured
MSCs under atmospheric oxygen tension with an oxygen concentration of 21%, which does not reflect
a normal physiological state, given that the oxygen concentration generally used in vitro is four to ten
times that to which MSCs would be exposed in the body. We therefore review the growing number of
studies exploring the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on the differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Da Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (the 921st Hospital of PLA), Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410003, China
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14
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Sadatpoor SO, Salehi Z, Rahban D, Salimi A. Manipulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Applications in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:24-45. [PMID: 32114741 PMCID: PMC7119211 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have multilinear differentiation and self-renewal abilities. These cells are immune-privileged as they express no or low level of class-II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) and other costimulatory molecules. Having neuroprotective and regenerative properties, MSCs can be used to ameliorate several intractable neurodegenerative disorders by affecting both innate and adaptive immune systems. Several manipulations like pretreating MSCs with different conditions or agents, and using molecules derived from MSCs or genetically manipulating them, are the common and practical ways that can be used to strengthen MSCs survival and potency. Improved MSCs can have significantly enhanced impacts on diseases compared to MSCs not manipulated. In this review, we describe some of the most important manipulations that have been exerted on MSCs to improve their therapeutic functions and their applications in ameliorating three prevalent neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed omid Sadatpoor
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dariush Rahban
- Department of Nanomedicine, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Curcumin-Activated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord and Their Effects on MPTP-Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease: A New Biological Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4636397. [PMID: 32148518 PMCID: PMC7048946 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4636397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell activated by curcumin (hUC-MSCs-CUR) on Parkinson's disease (PD). hUC-MSCs can differentiate into many types of adult tissue cells including dopaminergic (DA) neurons. CUR could protect DA neurons from apoptosis induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Therefore, we used the hUC-MSCs activated by CUR for the treatment of PD in an animal model. Methods The hUC-MSCs-CUR was transplanted into the MPTP-induced PD mouse models via the tail vein. We found that hUC-MSCs-CUR significantly improved the motor ability, increased the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine (DA), and Bcl-2 levels, and reduced nitric oxide synthase, Bax, and cleaved caspase 3 expression in PD mice. The supernatant of hUC-MSCs-CUR (CM-CUR) was used to stimulate the SH-SY5Y cellular model of PD; cell proliferation, differentiation, TH, and neuronal-specific marker microtubular-associated protein 2 (MAP2) expressions were examined. Results Our data showed that CM-CUR significantly promoted cell proliferation and gradually increased TH and MAP2 expression in SH-SY5Y PD cells. The beneficial effects could be associated with significant increase of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the hUC-MSCs-CUR, which secretes many cytokines and growth factors beneficial for PD treatment. Conclusions Transplantation of hUC-MSCs-CUR could show promise for improving the motor recovery of PD.
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16
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The Effects of Hypoxia on the Immune-Modulatory Properties of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2509606. [PMID: 31687031 PMCID: PMC6800910 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2509606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic repertoire for life-threatening inflammatory conditions like sepsis, graft-versus-host reactions, or colitis is very limited in current clinical practice and, together with chronic ones, like the osteoarthritis, presents growing economic burden in developed countries. This urges the development of more efficient therapeutic modalities like the mesenchymal stem cell-based approaches. Despite the encouraging in vivo data, however, clinical trials delivered ambiguous results. Since one of the typical features of inflamed tissues is decreased oxygenation, the success of cellular therapy in inflammatory pathologies seems to be affected by the impact of oxygen depletion on transplanted cells. Here, we examine our current knowledge on the effect of hypoxia on the physiology of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, one of the most popular tools of practical cellular therapy, in the context of their immune-modulatory capacity.
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17
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Brown C, McKee C, Bakshi S, Walker K, Hakman E, Halassy S, Svinarich D, Dodds R, Govind CK, Chaudhry GR. Mesenchymal stem cells: Cell therapy and regeneration potential. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1738-1755. [PMID: 31216380 DOI: 10.1002/term.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid advances in the isolation of multipotent progenitor cells, routinely called mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), from various human tissues and organs have provided impetus to the field of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. The most widely studied sources of MSCs include bone marrow, adipose, muscle, peripheral blood, umbilical cord, placenta, fetal tissue, and amniotic fluid. According to the standard definition of MSCs, these clonal cells adhere to plastic, express cluster of differentiation (CD) markers such as CD73, CD90, and CD105 markers, and can differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages in vitro. However, isolated MSCs have been reported to vary in their potency and self-renewal potential. As a result, the MSCs used for clinical applications often lead to variable or even conflicting results. The lack of uniform characterization methods both in vitro and in vivo also contributes to this confusion. Therefore, the name "MSCs" itself has been increasingly questioned lately. As the use of MSCs is expanding rapidly, there is an increasing need to understand the potential sources and specific potencies of MSCs. This review discusses and compares the characteristics of MSCs and suggests that the variations in their distinctive features are dependent on the source and method of isolation as well as epigenetic changes during maintenance and growth. We also discuss the potential opportunities and challenges of MSC research with the hope to stimulate their use for therapeutic and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Christina McKee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Shreeya Bakshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Keegan Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Eryk Hakman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Sophia Halassy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - David Svinarich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA.,Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Robert Dodds
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Chhabi K Govind
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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18
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Gunawardena TNA, Rahman MT, Abdullah BJJ, Abu Kasim NH. Conditioned media derived from mesenchymal stem cell cultures: The next generation for regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:569-586. [PMID: 30644175 DOI: 10.1002/term.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the main driving force behind the therapeutic activity observed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the paracrine factors secreted by these cells. These biomolecules also trigger antiapoptotic events to prevent further degeneration of the diseased organ through paracrine signalling mechanisms. In comparison with the normal physiological conditions, an increased paracrine gradient is observed within the peripheral system of diseased organs that enhances the migration of tissue-specific MSCs towards the site of infection or injury to promote healing. Thus, upon administration of conditioned media derived from mesenchymal stem cell cultures (MSC-CM) could contribute in maintaining the increased paracrine factor gradient between the diseased organ and the stem cell niche in order to speed up the process of recovery. Based on the principle of the paracrine signalling mechanism, MSC-CM, also referred as the secretome of the MSCs, is a rich source of the paracrine factors and are being studied extensively for a wide range of regenerative therapies such as myocardial infarction, stroke, bone regeneration, hair growth, and wound healing. This article highlights the current technological applications and advances of MSC-CM with the aim to appraise its future potential as a regenerative therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Tariqur Rahman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Regenerative Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Activation of Dopamine Receptor 2 Prompts Transcriptomic and Metabolic Plasticity in Glioblastoma. J Neurosci 2019; 39:1982-1993. [PMID: 30651332 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1589-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and lethal tumor types. Evidence continues to accrue indicating that the complex relationship between GBM and the brain microenvironment contributes to this malignant phenotype. However, the interaction between GBM and neurotransmitters, signaling molecules involved in neuronal communication, remains incompletely understood. Here we examined, using human patient-derived xenograft lines, how the monoamine dopamine influences GBM cells. We demonstrate that GBM cells express dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2), with elevated expression in the glioma-initiating cell (GIC) population. Stimulation of DRD2 caused a neuron-like hyperpolarization exclusively in GICs. In addition, long-term activation of DRD2 heightened the sphere-forming capacity of GBM cells, as well as tumor engraftment efficiency in both male and female mice. Mechanistic investigation revealed that DRD2 signaling activates the hypoxia response and functionally alters metabolism. Finally, we found that GBM cells synthesize and secrete dopamine themselves, suggesting a potential autocrine mechanism. These results identify dopamine signaling as a potential therapeutic target in GBM and further highlight neurotransmitters as a key feature of the pro-tumor microenvironment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This work offers critical insight into the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the progression of GBM. We show that dopamine induces specific changes in the state of tumor cells, augmenting their growth and shifting them to a more stem-cell like state. Further, our data illustrate that dopamine can alter the metabolic behavior of GBM cells, increasing glycolysis. Finally, this work demonstrates that GBM cells, including tumor samples from patients, can synthesize and secrete dopamine, suggesting an autocrine signaling process underlying these results. These results describe a novel connection between neurotransmitters and brain cancer, further highlighting the critical influence of the brain milieu on GBM.
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20
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Gugliandolo A, Diomede F, Scionti D, Bramanti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. The Role of Hypoxia on the Neuronal Differentiation of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Transcriptional Study. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:538-552. [PMID: 30642188 PMCID: PMC7103605 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718814470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in stem cell therapy for regenerative
purposes. Oral-derived MSCs, such as gingival MSCs (GMSCs), deriving from the neural crest
seem more suitable to differentiate toward the neuronal lineage. In addition, the
preconditioning of MSCs may improve their beneficial effects. Since it is known that
hypoxia may influence stem cell properties, we were interested in evaluating the effects
of hypoxia preconditioning on the neuronal differentiation of GMSCs. With this aim, we
evaluated the transcriptional profile of GMSCs exposed to basal and neuroinductive medium
both in normoxia and in cells preconditioned for 48 h in hypoxia. We compared their
transcriptional profile using Next Generation Sequencing. At first we observed that
hypoxia did not alter cell morphology compared with the GMSCs cultured in a normoxic
condition. In order to understand hypoxia preconditioning effects on neuronal
differentiation, we screened genes with Log2 fold change ≥2 using the database Cortecon,
that collects gene expression data set of in vitro corticogenesis. We observed that
hypoxia preconditioning induced the expression of more genes associated with different
stages of cortical development. The common genes, expressed both in normoxia and hypoxia
preconditioning, were involved in developmental and neuronal processes. Interestingly, a
larger number of genes associated with development biology and neuronal process was
expressed in GMSCs differentiated after hypoxia preconditioning compared with those in
normoxia. In addition, hypoxic-preconditioned differentiated GMSCs showed a higher
expression of nestin, PAX6, and GAP43. Our data demonstrated that hypoxia preconditioning
enhanced the differentiation potential of GMSCs and induced the activation of a higher
number of genes associated with neuronal development. In conclusion, hypoxia may be used
to improve MSCs’ properties for stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Diomede
- 2 Department of medical, oral and biotechnological sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- 2 Department of medical, oral and biotechnological sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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21
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Khademizadeh M, Messripour M, Ghasemi N, Momen Beik F, Movahedian Attar A. Differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. Res Pharm Sci 2019; 14:209-215. [PMID: 31160898 PMCID: PMC6540921 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.258487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatal dopamine (DA) deficiency is known as the main cause of the clinical picture of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The disease is a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum. The treatment of PD is based on compensation for the brain’s supply of DA lost by drug therapy, deep brain stimulation, surgery, gene and cell therapies. Clinical studies have focused on the utility of stem cell-based therapies in PD. Embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used. Recently, human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) have been considered as a suitable source of tissue for this purpose. In this project, hADSCs differentiated into dopaminergic neurons and the specificity of the cell preparations was examined. Human adipose tissues were collected from healthy volunteers undergoing liposuction and hADSCs were isolated by collagenase-based enzymatic method. Flow cytometry was performed using the surface cluster of differentiation (CD) markers to confirm the cell typical properties. Then hADSCs were differentiated to dopaminergic neurons in neurobasal medium in the presence of differentiation factors and confirmed by immunocytochemistry via neuronal and dopaminergic markers. The isolated hADSCs were cultured and identified by the expression of MSCs surface markers including CD90, and CD44. These cells did not express hematopoietic surface markers such as CD45 and CD14. Differentiated cells express neuronal marker NeuN and dopaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). It is concluded that hADSCs can be easily taken from the patient’s own body and differentiated into dopaminergic cells having a lower risk of transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Khademizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Manoochehr Messripour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Nazem Ghasemi
- Department of anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Fariborz Momen Beik
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedian Attar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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22
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Das KK, Yendigeri SM, Patil BS, Bagoji IB, Reddy RC, Bagali S, Biradar MS, Saha S. Subchronic hypoxia pretreatment on brain pathophysiology in unilateral common carotid artery occluded albino rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2018; 50:185-191. [PMID: 30505054 PMCID: PMC6234715 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_312_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to assess the effect of unilateral common carotid artery occlusion on brain pathophysiology in rats pretreated with subchronic hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats (200 ± 20 g) were randomized into three groups: Group 1 served as sham, Group 2 were normoxic (21% O2 and 79% N2), and Group 3 were hypoxia preconditioned (10% O2 and 90% N2) for 21 days before left common carotid artery occlusion (LCCAO). The LCCAO was done for 75 min followed by reperfusion for 12 h. Neurological scores were recorded. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels at pre- and 12 h post-LCCAO were measured. Brain histopathological assessments were also done. RESULTS: Higher neurological deficits scores in Group 2 as compared to Group 3 rats were noticed. Serum MDA and NO levels at 12 h post-LCCAO in Group 2 rats showed significant elevation as compared to preocclusion levels. Group 3 rats did not show such elevations. On histopathology of left and right cerebral hemispheres of Group 1 (sham) did not show any specific changes. In Group 2 rats, the right cerebral hemisphere (nonoccluded) showed no areas of ischemia-induced brain changes, but in the left side (occlusive), there were features of ischemic brain damage including cerebral edema. In the case of Group 3 rats, there were less ischemic damages in the left occluded side as compared to the left side of the Group 2 rats. CONCLUSION: This study clearly demonstrates that subchronic hypoxia pretreatment can reduce ischemic brain injury by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusal K Das
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Saeed M Yendigeri
- Department of Pathology, Al Ameen Medical College, Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Bheemshetty S Patil
- Department of Anatomy, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Ishwar B Bagoji
- Department of Anatomy, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - R Chandramouli Reddy
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Shrilaxmi Bagali
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Vascular Physiology and Medicine, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - M S Biradar
- Department of Medicine, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Sikha Saha
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Song X, Su L, Yin H, Dai J, Wei H. Effects of HSYA on the proliferation and apoptosis of MSCs exposed to hypoxic and serum deprivation conditions. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5251-5260. [PMID: 29904409 PMCID: PMC5996714 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a primary active ingredient of safflor yellow, hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) exhibits notable antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of HSYA in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exposed to hypoxia (5% O2) and serum deprivation (H/SD), and to explore the mechanisms underlying HSYA-mediated protection. Under H/SD conditions, HSYA was applied to protect MSCs against injury. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined using an 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay, MTT assay, Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide and 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining, respectively. The results revealed that 160 mg/l HSYA significantly reduced apoptosis and ROS levels compared with the H/SD group; however, HSYA demonstrated minimal effects on cell proliferation. A western blot assay demonstrated that HSYA reduced cleaved caspase-3 expression and cytC release from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm when compared with the H/SD group. In addition, western blotting and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that HSYA treatment significantly increased the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated that HSYA exerts protective effects against H/SD-induced apoptosis in MSCs potentially via activation of the HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway and stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Song
- Biology Office, Basic Medical College of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Lining Su
- Biology Office, Basic Medical College of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Yin
- Biology Office, Basic Medical College of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Dai
- Biology Office, Basic Medical College of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Wei
- Biology Office, Basic Medical College of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, P.R. China
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Jha NK, Jha SK, Sharma R, Kumar D, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Hypoxia-Induced Signaling Activation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Targets for New Therapeutic Strategies. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:15-38. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Renu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K. Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
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Zhuo Y, Wang L, Ge L, Li X, Duan D, Teng X, Jiang M, Liu K, Yuan T, Wu P, Wang H, Deng Y, Xie H, Chen P, Xia Y, Lu M. Hypoxic Culture Promotes Dopaminergic-Neuronal Differentiation of Nasal Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Upregulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α. Cell Transplant 2017; 26:1452-1461. [PMID: 28901191 PMCID: PMC5680974 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717720291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) display significant clonogenic activity and may be easily propagated for Parkinson's disease therapies. Methods of inducing OM-MSCs to differentiate into dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons using olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are thus an attractive topic of research. We designed a hypoxic induction protocol to generate DAergic neurons from OM-MSCs using a physiological oxygen (O2) level of 3% and OEC-conditioned medium (OCM; HI group). The normal induction (NI) group was cultured in O2 at ambient air level (21%). The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the differentiation of OM-MSCs under hypoxia was investigated by treating cells with an HIF-1α inhibitor before induction (HIR group). The proportions of β-tubulin- and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells were significantly increased in the HI group compared with the NI and HIR groups, as shown by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. Furthermore, the level of dopamine was significantly increased in the HI group. A slow outward potassium current was recorded in differentiated cells after 21 d of induction using whole-cell voltage-clamp tests. A hypoxic environment thus promotes OM-MSCs to differentiate into DAergic neurons by increasing the expression of HIF-1α and by activating downstream target gene TH. This study indicated that OCM under hypoxic conditions could significantly upregulate key transcriptional factors involved in the development of DAergic neurons from OM-MSCs, mediated by HIF-1α. Hypoxia promotes DAergic neuronal differentiation of OM-MSCs, and HIF-1α may play an important role in hypoxia-inducible pathways during DAergic lineage specification and differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Lite Ge
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Cardiopulmonary Function Test Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Yujia Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Huali Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Caprnda M, Kubatka P, Gazdikova K, Gasparova I, Valentova V, Stollarova N, La Rocca G, Kobyliak N, Dragasek J, Mozos I, Prosecky R, Siniscalco D, Büsselberg D, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P. Immunomodulatory effects of stem cells: Therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:60-69. [PMID: 28448871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the capability of self-renewal and can differentiate into different cell types that might be used in regenerative medicine. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) currently lack effective treatments. Although stem cell therapy is still on the way from bench to bedside, we consider that it might provide new hope for patients suffering with neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we will give an overview of recent studies on the potential therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and perinatal stem cells to neurodegenerative disorders and we will describe their immunomodulatory mechanisms of action in specific therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia; Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Iveta Gasparova
- Institute of Biology, Genetics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Valentova
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nadezda Stollarova
- Catholic University in Ružomberok, Faculty of Pedagogy, Department of Biology and Ecology, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Endocrinology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Robert Prosecky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Merciful Brotherś Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dario Siniscalco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,St. Annés University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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27
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Pires AO, Teixeira FG, Mendes-Pinheiro B, Serra SC, Sousa N, Salgado AJ. Old and new challenges in Parkinson's disease therapeutics. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:69-89. [PMID: 28457671 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and/or loss od neuronal projections, in several dopaminergic networks. Current treatments for idiopathic PD rely mainly on the use of pharmacologic agents to improve motor symptomatology of PD patients. Nevertheless, so far PD remains an incurable disease. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to establish new therapeutic strategies for PD treatment. Over the last 20 years, several molecular, gene and cell/stem-cell therapeutic approaches have been developed with the aim of counteracting or retarding PD progression. The scope of this review is to provide an overview of PD related therapies and major breakthroughs achieved within this field. In order to do so, this review will start by focusing on PD characterization and current treatment options covering thereafter molecular, gene and cell/stem cell-based therapies that are currently being studied in animal models of PD or have recently been tested in clinical trials. Among stem cell-based therapies, those using MSCs as possible disease modifying agents for PD therapy and, specifically, the MSCs secretome contribution to meet the clinical challenge of counteracting or retarding PD progression, will be more deeply explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana O Pires
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - F G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - B Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Sofia C Serra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Zorzopulos J, Opal SM, Hernando-Insúa A, Rodriguez JM, Elías F, Fló J, López RA, Chasseing NA, Lux-Lantos VA, Coronel MF, Franco R, Montaner AD, Horn DL. Immunomodulatory oligonucleotide IMT504: Effects on mesenchymal stem cells as a first-in-class immunoprotective/immunoregenerative therapy. World J Stem Cells 2017; 9:45-67. [PMID: 28396715 PMCID: PMC5368622 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v9.i3.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune responses of humans and animals to insults (i.e., infections, traumas, tumoral transformation and radiation) are based on an intricate network of cells and chemical messengers. Abnormally high inflammation immediately after insult or abnormally prolonged pro-inflammatory stimuli bringing about chronic inflammation can lead to life-threatening or severely debilitating diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplant has proved to be an effective therapy in preclinical studies which evaluated a vast diversity of inflammatory conditions. MSCs lead to resolution of inflammation, preparation for regeneration and actual regeneration, and then ultimate return to normal baseline or homeostasis. However, in clinical trials of transplanted MSCs, the expectations of great medical benefit have not yet been fulfilled. As a practical alternative to MSC transplant, a synthetic drug with the capacity to boost endogenous MSC expansion and/or activation may also be effective. Regarding this, IMT504, the prototype of a major class of immunomodulatory oligonucleotides, induces in vivo expansion of MSCs, resulting in a marked improvement in preclinical models of neuropathic pain, osteoporosis, diabetes and sepsis. IMT504 is easily manufactured and has an excellent preclinical safety record. In the small number of patients studied thus far, IMT504 has been well-tolerated, even at very high dosage. Further clinical investigation is necessary to demonstrate the utility of IMT504 for resolution of inflammation and regeneration in a broad array of human diseases that would likely benefit from an immunoprotective/immunoregenerative therapy.
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Lv B, Li F, Fang J, Xu L, Sun C, Han J, Hua T, Zhang Z, Feng Z, Jiang X. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α promotes survival of mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxia. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:1521-1529. [PMID: 28386377 PMCID: PMC5376042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ideal materials for cell therapy. Research has indicated that hypoxia benefits MSC survival, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. This study aims to uncover potential mechanisms involving hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1A) to explain the promoted MSC survival under hypoxia. MSCs were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured under normoxia or hypoxia condition. The overexpression vector or small interfering RNA of Hif1a gene was transfected to MSCs, after which cell viability, apoptosis and expression of HIF1A were analyzed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Factors in p53 pathway were detected to reveal the related mechanisms. Results showed that hypoxia elevated MSCs viability and up-regulated HIF1A (P < 0.05) as previously reported. HIF1A overexpression promoted viability (P < 0.01) and suppressed apoptosis (P < 0.001) under normoxia. Correspondingly, HIF1A knockdown inhibited viability (P < 0.05) and promoted apoptosis (P < 0.01) of MSCs under hypoxia. Expression analysis suggested that p53, phosphate-p53 and p21 were repressed by HIF1A overexpression and promoted by HIF1A knockdown, and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) expression had the opposite pattern (P < 0.05). These results suggest that HIF1A may improve viability and suppress apoptosis of MSCs, implying the protective effect of HIF1A on MSC survival under hypoxia. The underlying mechanisms may involve the HIF1A-suppressed p53 pathway. This study helps to explain the mechanism of MSC survival under hypoxia, and facilitates the application of MSCs in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingke Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; The National Key Clinical Specialty; The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; The National Key Clinical Specialty; The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; The National Key Clinical Specialty; The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Limin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; The National Key Clinical Specialty; The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Chengmei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; The National Key Clinical Specialty; The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Jianbang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; The National Key Clinical Specialty; The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Tian Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; The National Key Clinical Specialty; The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zhongfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; The National Key Clinical Specialty; The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; The National Key Clinical Specialty; The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University; The National Key Clinical Specialty; The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration Guangzhou 510282, China
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RBM4 Regulates Neuronal Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating Alternative Splicing of Pyruvate Kinase M. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00466-16. [PMID: 27821480 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00466-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RBM4 promotes differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells and neurite outgrowth of cultured neurons via its role in splicing regulation. In this study, we further explored the role of RBM4 in neuronal differentiation. During neuronal differentiation, energy production shifts from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. We found that the splice isoform change of the metabolic enzyme pyruvate kinase M (PKM) from PKM2 to PKM1 occurs during brain development and is impaired in RBM4-deficient brains. The PKM isoform change could be recapitulated in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during neuronal induction. Using a PKM minigene, we demonstrated that RBM4 plays a direct role in regulating alternative splicing of PKM. Moreover, RBM4 antagonized the function of the splicing factor PTB and induced the expression of a PTB isoform with attenuated splicing activity in MSCs. Overexpression of RBM4 or PKM1 induced the expression of neuronal genes, increased the mitochondrial respiration capacity in MSCs, and, accordingly, promoted neuronal differentiation. Finally, we demonstrated that RBM4 is induced and is involved in the PKM splicing switch and neuronal gene expression during hypoxia-induced neuronal differentiation. Hence, RBM4 plays an important role in the PKM isoform switch and the change in mitochondrial energy production during neuronal differentiation.
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31
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Effect of Hypoxia on the Differentiation and the Self-Renewal of Metanephrogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7168687. [PMID: 28194187 PMCID: PMC5282446 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7168687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important and influential factor in development. The embryonic kidney is exposed to a hypoxic environment throughout its development. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays vital roles in the differentiation and self-renewal of metanephrogenic mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) from which the kidney is derived. Thus, we hypothesized that hypoxia can regulate the differentiation and pluripotency of MMSCs through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. To test this hypothesis, MMSCs from rats at embryonic day 18.5 were cultured in normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. The effects of hypoxia on differentiation, stemness, proliferation, and apoptosis of cultured MMSCs and on the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were tested. Our results revealed that the hypoxic condition increased the number of epithelial cells (E-cadherin+ or CK18+) as well the expression of markers of renal tubule epithelia cells (CDH6, Aqp1, and OPN), decreased the number and proliferation of stem cells (SIX-2+ or CITED1+), and induced apoptosis. Additionally, hypoxia reduced the expression of Wnt4 as well as its downstream molecules β-catenin, LEF-1, and Axin2. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by LiCl or BIO modified the effects of hypoxia on the differentiation and self-renewal of MMSCs. Thus, we concluded that hypoxia induces the differentiation and inhibits the self-renewal of MMSCs by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The observations further our understanding of the effects of hypoxia on kidney.
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Gugliandolo A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease animal models. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 65:51-60. [PMID: 28466824 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and as a consequence, by decreased dopamine levels in the striatum. Currently available therapies are not able to stop or reverse the progression of the disease. A novel therapeutic approach is based on cell therapy with stem cells, in order to replace degenerated neurons. Among stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells seemed the most promising thanks to their capacities to differentiate toward dopaminergic neurons and to release neurotrophic factors. Indeed, mesenchymal stem cells are able to produce different molecules with immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, angiogenic, chemotactic effects and that stimulate differentiation of resident stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated for the first time from bone marrow, but can be collected also from adipose tissue, umbilical cord and other tissues. In this review, we focused our attention on mesenchymal stem cells derived from different sources and their application in Parkinson's disease animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - P Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - E Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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33
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Chen D, Fu W, Zhuang W, Lv C, Li F, Wang X. Therapeutic effects of intranigral transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in rat models of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:907-917. [PMID: 27617772 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising tool for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the therapeutic routes and mechanisms of mechanical approaches to stem cell transplantation must be explored. This study tests the therapeutic effect of transplantation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the substantia nigra (SN) of the PD rat. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine-labeled rat MSCs were transplanted into the SN of the 6-hydroxydopamine-injected side of PD rat brains. The behavioral changes in PD rats were examined before and 4 and 8 weeks after MSC transplantation. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the SN and the striatum and the survival and differentiation of MSCs were assessed by immunohistochemical and double immunofluorescence techniques. Abnormal behavior of PD rats was significantly improved by the administration of bone marrow MSCs, and the number of TH-positive cells in the SN and the optical density of TH-positive fibers in the striatum were markedly increased. Transplanted MSCs can survive and migrate in the brain and differentiate into nestin-, neuron-specific enolase-, and GFAP-positive cells. Our findings suggest that transplantation of rat bone marrow MSCs into the SN of PD rats may provide therapeutic effects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anatomy, Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Zhuang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Lv
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Stem Cell Research and Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjie Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Jadidi M, Biat SM, Sameni HR, Safari M, Vafaei AA, Ghahari L. Mesenchymal stem cells that located in the electromagnetic fields improves rat model of Parkinson's disease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 19:741-8. [PMID: 27635198 PMCID: PMC5010846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is their ability to produce other cell types. Electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulates differentiation of MSCs into other cells. In this study, we investigated whether EMF can effect on the differentiation of MSCs into dopaminergic (DA) neurons. MATERIALS AND METHODS An EMF with a frequency of 50 Hz and two intensities of 40 and 400 µT 1hr/day was generated around the cells for a week. Afterwards, these cells were injected into the left ventricle of Parkinsonian rats. The rats survived for 2 weeks, and then sampling was performed. RESULTS The injected cells differentiated into DA neurons and sporadically settled in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Transplanted rats exhibited significant partial correction apomorphine-induced rotational behavior compared to Parkinsonian rats (5.0±0.1 vs 7.57±0.08). Results demonstrated that endogenous serum and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were altered in all experimental groups. The greatest increase was in group of 400 µT EMF in comparison with Parkinsonian rats (398±15 vs. 312±11.79 pg ⁄ mg). Current study have shown that 6-Hydroxydopamine can cause severe loss of dopaminergic neurons (68±6.58), but injected MSCs that exposed to 40 and 400 µT EMF increased dopaminergic neurons in SNpc (108±2.33 & 126±3.89) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Electromagnetic fields with particular frequencies stimulate MSCs. So, these cells had anti-Parkinsonian properties in our studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Jadidi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Saeed Moghadas Biat
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sameni
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Safari
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Laya Ghahari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, AJA Medical University, Tehran, Iran
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Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α upregulates tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter by nuclear receptor ERRγ in SH-SY5Y cells. Neuroreport 2015; 26:380-6. [PMID: 25807177 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor relevant to the development of many mammalian organs including the brain. However, the molecular mechanisms by which signaling events mediate neuronal differentiation have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we show for the first time that the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) is upregulated by HIF-1α and plays essential roles in HIF-1α-induced upregulation of dopaminergic marker molecules such as tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter. We found that deferoxamine upregulated HIF-1α and enhanced the dopaminergic phenotype and neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y cells. Deferoxamine activated transcription and protein expression of ERRγ, and deferoxamine-induced upregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter was attenuated by using the ERRγ inverse agonist or silencing ERRγ. Altogether, these results suggest that HIF-1α can positively regulate the dopaminergic phenotype through ERRγ. This study could provide new perspectives for understanding the mechanisms underlying the promotion of dopaminergic neuronal differentiation by hypoxia.
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Fujii H, Matsubara K, Sakai K, Ito M, Ohno K, Ueda M, Yamamoto A. Dopaminergic differentiation of stem cells from human deciduous teeth and their therapeutic benefits for Parkinsonian rats. Brain Res 2015; 1613:59-72. [PMID: 25863132 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons and the depletion of striatal dopamine. Here we show that DAergic-neuron-like cells could be efficiently induced from stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), and that these induced cells had therapeutic benefits in a 6-OHDA-induced Parkinsonian rat model. In our protocol, EGF and bFGF signaling activated the SHED's expression of proneural genes, Ngn2 and Mash1, and subsequent treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoted their maturation into DAergic neuron-like SHEDs (dSHEDs). A hypoxic DAergic differentiation protocol improved cell viability and enhanced the expression of multiple neurotrophic factors, including BDNF, GDNF, NT-3, and HGF. Engrafted dSHEDs survived in the striatum of Parkinsonian rats, improved the DA level more efficiently than engrafted undifferentiated SHEDs, and promoted the recovery from neurological deficits. Our findings further suggested that paracrine effects of dSHEDs contributed to neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced neurodegeneration and to nigrostriatal tract restoration. In addition, we found that the conditioned medium derived from dSHEDs protected primary neurons against 6-OHDA toxicity and accelerated neurite outgrowth in vitro. Thus, our data suggest that stem cells derived from dental pulp may have therapeutic benefits for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Fujii
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kohki Matsubara
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sakai
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- Departments of Neurogenetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Departments of Neurogenetics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Minoru Ueda
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akihito Yamamoto
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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Ceci C, Barbaccia ML, Pistritto G. A not cytotoxic nickel concentration alters the expression of neuronal differentiation markers in NT2 cells. Neurotoxicology 2015; 47:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Müller J, Ossig C, Greiner JFW, Hauser S, Fauser M, Widera D, Kaltschmidt C, Storch A, Kaltschmidt B. Intrastriatal transplantation of adult human neural crest-derived stem cells improves functional outcome in parkinsonian rats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 4:31-43. [PMID: 25479965 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered the second most frequent and one of the most severe neurodegenerative diseases, with dysfunctions of the motor system and with nonmotor symptoms such as depression and dementia. Compensation for the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons during PD using current pharmacological treatment strategies is limited and remains challenging. Pluripotent stem cell-based regenerative medicine may offer a promising therapeutic alternative, although the medical application of human embryonic tissue and pluripotent stem cells is still a matter of ethical and practical debate. Addressing these challenges, the present study investigated the potential of adult human neural crest-derived stem cells derived from the inferior turbinate (ITSCs) transplanted into a parkinsonian rat model. Emphasizing their capability to give rise to nervous tissue, ITSCs isolated from the adult human nose efficiently differentiated into functional mature neurons in vitro. Additional successful dopaminergic differentiation of ITSCs was subsequently followed by their transplantation into a unilaterally lesioned 6-hydroxydopamine rat PD model. Transplantation of predifferentiated or undifferentiated ITSCs led to robust restoration of rotational behavior, accompanied by significant recovery of DA neurons within the substantia nigra. ITSCs were further shown to migrate extensively in loose streams primarily toward the posterior direction as far as to the midbrain region, at which point they were able to differentiate into DA neurons within the locus ceruleus. We demonstrate, for the first time, that adult human ITSCs are capable of functionally recovering a PD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Müller
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christiana Ossig
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F W Greiner
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mareike Fauser
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Darius Widera
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany; Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, and Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
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Anisimov SV, Paul G. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells: a future therapy for Parkinson’s disease? FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.14.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with a loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta and a lack of dopamine in the striatum. To halt or reverse this disease, neurorestorative approaches or neuroprotective treatments are urgently needed. Recently, the first clinical trials transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been performed in PD. MSCs are adult stem cells abundant in several tissues, such as the umbilical cord, the bone marrow, the adipose tissue and other tissues. These cells are multipotent, and able to synthesize and secrete a wide spectrum of biologically active factors. MSCs of various origins have been explored as possible substrates for cell therapy in PD animal models. In this review, we summarize MSC-based experimental transplantation studies in PD, and discuss biological mechanisms that may explain the effects of MSC seen in PD models. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the recent clinical transplantation trials using MSCs in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Anisimov
- Research Unit of Cellular & Genetic Engineering, Federal V.A. Almazov Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Intracellular Signaling & Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gesine Paul
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Translational Neurology Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Scania University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Minayi N, Alizadeh S, Dargahi H, Soleimani M, Khatib ZK, Tayebi B, Mohammadian M, Alijani S, Karami F. The Effect of miR-210 Up-regulation on Proliferation and Survival of Mouse Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell. Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2014; 8:15-23. [PMID: 24505547 PMCID: PMC3913157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of multipotent progenitors which have the capacity of proliferation and differentiation into mesenchymal lineage cells. Hypoxia could promote the proliferation of MSCs. Micro-RNAs are endogenous RNAs that can play an important role in some processes such as proliferation and differentiation. MiR-210 could help for better proliferation of MSCs since this miRNA could activate HIF pathway. In current study we investigated if MSCs can preserve their differentiation and proliferation ability under normoxic conditions by upregulation of miR-210. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSCs isolated from C57 BL/6 mice by flushing it's femurs into the cell culture media. After 72 hours, MSCs which are plastic adherent cells were attached to the flask and non-adherent cells were removed. Subsequently, MSCs induced to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes with specific differentiation media in order to confirm their identity and multipotency. Then miR-210 was inserted in Lentiviruse vectors and affected MSCs. In each passage, the number and viability of cells were evaluated. RESULTS Comparison between miR-210 infected MSCs with control cells showed that miR-210 has ability to increase proliferation of MSCs significantly. CONCLUSION We showed that miR-210 has ability to induce proliferation of MSCs without any negative effect on their differentiation abilities. Further studies are needed for evaluation of probable effects of miR-210 mechanisms on MSCs proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Minayi
- Hematology Department, Allied Medical School, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaban Alizadeh
- Hematology Department, Allied Medical School, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Dargahi
- Health care services Department, Medical School, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Behnoosh Tayebi
- Hematology Department, Qaem Hospital, Mashad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mozhde Mohammadian
- Hematology Department, Tabriz University of Medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Alijani
- Hematology Department, Allied Medical School, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Karami
- Hematology Department, Allied Medical School, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Danielyan L, Beer-Hammer S, Stolzing A, Schäfer R, Siegel G, Fabian C, Kahle P, Biedermann T, Lourhmati A, Buadze M, Novakovic A, Proksch B, Gleiter CH, Frey WH, Schwab M. Intranasal Delivery of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Macrophages, and Microglia to the Brain in Mouse Models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2014; 23 Suppl 1:S123-39. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x684970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the rapid preclinical development of cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative disorders, traumatic brain injury, and tumors, the safe and efficient delivery and targeting of therapeutic cells to the central nervous system is critical for maintaining therapeutic efficacy and safety in the respective disease models. Our previous data demonstrated therapeutically efficacious and targeted delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the brain in the rat 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study examined delivery of bone marrow-derived MSCs, macrophages, and microglia to the brain in a transgenic model of PD [(Thy1)-h[A30P] aS] and an APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via intranasal application (INA). INA of microglia in naive BL/6 mice led to targeted and effective delivery of cells to the brain. Quantitative PCR analysis of eGFP DNA showed that the brain contained the highest amount of eGFP-microglia (up to 2.1 × 104) after INA of 1 × 106 cells, while the total amount of cells detected in peripheral organs did not exceed 3.4 × 103. Seven days after INA, MSCs expressing eGFP were detected in the olfactory bulb (OB), cortex, amygdala, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem of (Thy1)-h[A30P] aS transgenic mice, showing predominant distribution within the OB and brainstem. INA of eGFP-expressing macrophages in 13-month-old APP/PS1 mice led to delivery of cells to the OB, hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum. Both MSCs and macrophages contained Iba-1-positive population of small microglia-like cells and Iba-1-negative large rounded cells showing either intracellular amyloid β (macrophages in APP/PS1 model) or α-synuclein [MSCs in (Thy1)-h[A30P] aS model] immunoreactivity. Here, we show, for the first time, intranasal delivery of cells to the brain of transgenic PD and AD mouse models. Additional work is needed to determine the optimal dosage (single treatment regimen or repeated administrations) to achieve functional improvement in these mouse models with intranasal microglia/macrophages and MSCs. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Danielyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Department of Cell Therapy Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Unit, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Department Cell Therapeutics and Cell Processing, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg-Hesse gGmbH, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET,) University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georg Siegel
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET,) University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claire Fabian
- Department of Cell Therapy Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Unit, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Kahle
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ali Lourhmati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marine Buadze
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana Novakovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Proksch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph H. Gleiter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - William H. Frey
- Alzheimer's Research Center, HealthPartners Center for Memory and Aging, Regions Hospital, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tübingen, Stuttgart, Germany
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Fu W, Zheng Z, Zhuang W, Chen D, Wang X, Sun X, Wang X. Neural metabolite changes in corpus striatum after rat multipotent mesenchymal stem cells transplanted in hemiparkinsonian rats by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Int J Neurosci 2013; 123:883-91. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.814132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Paul G, Anisimov SV. The secretome of mesenchymal stem cells: potential implications for neuroregeneration. Biochimie 2013; 95:2246-56. [PMID: 23871834 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have shown regenerative properties in many tissues. This feature had originally been ascribed to their multipotency and thus their ability to differentiate into tissue-specific cells. However, many researchers consider the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells the most important player in the observed reparative effects of these cells. In this review, we specifically focus on the potential neuroregenerative effect of mesenchymal stem cells, summarize several possible mechanisms of neuroregeneration and list key factors mediating this effect. We illustrate examples of mesenchymal stem cell treatment in central nervous system disorders including stroke, neurodegenerative disorders (such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophy and cerebellar ataxia) and inflammatory disease (such as multiple sclerosis). We specifically highlight studies where mesenchymal stem cells have entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Paul
- Translational Neurology Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Scania University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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Davila J, Chanda S, Ang CE, Südhof TC, Wernig M. Acute reduction in oxygen tension enhances the induction of neurons from human fibroblasts. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 216:104-9. [PMID: 23562599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We and others have reported the successful conversion of human fibroblasts into functional induced neuronal (iN) cells; however the reprogramming efficiencies were very low. Robust reprogramming methods must be developed before iN cells can be used for translational applications such as disease modeling or transplantation-based therapies. Here, we describe a novel approach in which we significantly enhance iN cell conversion efficiency of human fibroblast cells by reprogramming under hypoxic conditions (5% O₂). Fibroblasts were derived under high (21%) or low (5%) oxygen conditions and reprogrammed into iN cells using a combination of the four transcription factors BRN2, ASCL1, MYT1L and NEUROD1. An increase in Map2 immunostaining was only observed when fibroblasts experienced an acute drop in O₂ tension upon infection. Interestingly, cells derived and reprogrammed under hypoxic conditions did not produce more iN cells. Approximately 100% of patched cells fired action potentials in low O₂ conditions compared to 50% under high O₂ growth conditions, confirming the beneficial aspect of reprogramming under low O₂. Further characterization showed no significant difference in the intrinsic properties of iN cells reprogrammed in either condition. Surprisingly, the acute drop in oxygen tension did not affect cell proliferation or cell survival and was not synergistic with the blockade of GSK3β and Smad-mediated pathways. Our results showed that lowering the O₂ tension at the initiation of reprogramming is a simple and efficient strategy to enhance the production of iN cells which will facilitate their use for basic discovery and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Davila
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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