1
|
Yousaf MN, Røn Ø, Keitel-Gröner F, McGurk C, Obach A. Heart rate as an indicator of stress during the critical swimming speed test of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:633-646. [PMID: 37903720 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
A swim tunnel is to fish as a treadmill is to humans, and is a device used for indirect measuring of the metabolic rate. This study aims to explore the fish stress (if any) during the critical swimming test routines (fish handling, confinement, and swimming) using heart rate (fH , heartbeat per minute) bio-loggers in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). In addition, the recovery dynamics of exercised fish using fH were explored for 48 h post swim tests. Continuous fH data were acquired following the surgical implantation and throughout the trials, such as during fish handling, swim tests (critical swimming speed, Ucrit ), and 48 h post swim tests. After 3 weeks of surgical recovery, fH stabilized at 46.20 ± 1.26 beats min-1 , equalizing a ~38% reduction in fH recorded post-surgical tachycardia (74.13 ± 1.44 beats min-1 ). Interestingly, fH was elevated by ~200% compared to baseline levels not only due to the Ucrit (92.04 ± 0.23 beats min-1 ) but also due to fish handling and confinement in the swim tunnel, which was 66% above the baseline levels (77.48 ± 0.34 beats min-1 ), suggesting fish stress. Moreover, significantly higher plasma cortisol levels (199.56 ± 77.17 ng mL-1 ) corresponding to a ~300% increase compared to baseline levels (47.92 ± 27.70 ng mL-1 ) were identified after Ucrit , predicting post-swim test stress (physiological exhaustion). These findings reinforce the importance of fish acclimation in the swim tunnel prior to the swimming tests. However, fH dropped over the course of the 48-h post-swim test, but remained comparatively higher than the basal levels, suggesting fish should be given at least 48 h to recover from handling stress for better fish welfare. This study further explored the influence of fish tagging on Ucrit , which resulted in reduced swimming capabilities of tagged fish (1.95 ± 0.37 body lengths s-1 ) compared to untagged fish (2.54 ± 0.42 body length s-1 ), although this was not significant (p = 0.06), and therefore future tagging studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Øyvind Røn
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (Skretting AI), Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Charles McGurk
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (Skretting AI), Stavanger, Norway
| | - Alex Obach
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation (Skretting AI), Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Espírito-Santo C, Guardiola FA, Ozório ROA, Magnoni LJ. Short-term swimming up-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 284:111487. [PMID: 37437802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic swimming exercise in fish has been shown to improve robustness of some species. However, the optimal conditions to be applied and the mechanisms underlying remain unknown. We investigated the effects of 6 h of induced swimming on the immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), by analysing markers related to immune status in plasma, skin mucus, gills, heart and head-kidney. Forty fish were individually exercised in swim tunnels by applying different water currents: steady low (SL, 0.8 body lengths (BL) s-1), steady high (SH, 2.3 BL s-1), oscillating low (OL, 0.2/0.8 BL s-1) and oscillating high (OH, 0.8/2.3 BL s-1) velocities, including a non-exercised group with minimal water flow (MF, <0.1 BL s-1). Swimming conditions did not trigger a stress response or anaerobic metabolism, suggested by similar levels of cortisol, lactate, and glucose in plasma among groups. Blood haemoglobin and innate immune parameters in plasma and skin mucus also remained unaltered. However, decreased blood haematocrit was observed in fish swimming on the OL condition. Interestingly, gene expression analysis revealed that the OL condition led to the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators (nfκb1 and mapk3) and cytokines (tnfα, il1β and il6) in gills. A similar response occurred in heart, with an up-regulation of nfκb1, tnfα, il6 and cox2 in the OL condition. Gene expression of these cytokines was unaltered in the head-kidney. The inflammatory response in gills and heart of gilthead seabream triggered by the OL condition highlights the importance of establishing suitable rearing conditions to improve welfare of cultured fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Espírito-Santo
- Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo O A Ozório
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Leonardo J Magnoni
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu Y, Dong L, Zhang L, Gan J, Peng J, Liu T, Chen J, Lu X, He L, Cheng B. Effect of flowing water on the pharmacokinetic properties of norfloxacin in channel catfish (
Ictalurus punctatus
) after single‐dose oral administration. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:1201-1210. [PMID: 37002647 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a widely used, water-saving and efficient aquaculture model. However, bacterial diseases are common in farmed fish reared at high densities. Although antibiotics effectively treat these diseases, developing efficient methods to increase drug clearance in fish and decrease the concentrations of antibiotic residues in aquatic products is essential. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the effect of flowing water in the RAS on norfloxacin (NOR) pharmacokinetics in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). METHODS Channel catfish were randomly divided into the control group (RAS group) and the experimental group (flow-through aquaculture system group) (120 individuals/group). A NOR dose of 20 mg/kg was then orally administered to the fish. Plasma, muscle, liver and kidney samples were collected up to 168 h after treatment. NOR concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental method. RESULTS Flowing water had a significant effect on the plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of NOR, increasing NOR clearance in the kidney, muscle and plasma. The time to maximum concentration of NOR was shorter in the plasma and longer in the kidney and liver. Moreover, flowing water increased the maximum concentration of NOR in the kidney, muscle and plasma and decreased the area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration in the liver and plasma. Flowing water decreased the withdrawal period in muscle from 10 to 6 days. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that flowing water can potentially increase NOR clearance in channel catfish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Lixue Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Lang Zhang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Jinhua Gan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Jie Peng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Ting Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Jianwu Chen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Xiaorong Lu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Li He
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Quality and Standards Research Center Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhan Q, Peng W, Wang S, Gao J. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Exercise, and Medical Therapies. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 16:310-326. [PMID: 36171526 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) accounts for more than one-half of total heart failure cases, with a high prevalence and poor prognosis, especially in older and female patients. Patients with HFpEF are characterized by hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction, and the main symptoms are dyspnea and exercise intolerance. HFpEF is currently poorly studied, and pharmacological treatment for HFpEF is still underexplored. Accumulating clinical trials have shown that exercise could exert benefits on diastolic dysfunction and quality of life in patients with HFpEF. However, there is a high limitation for applying exercise therapy due to exercise intolerance in patients with HFpEF. Key effectors of exercise-protection could be novel therapeutic targets for developing drugs to prevent and treat HFpEF. In this review article, we provide an overview of the pathogenic factors, diagnostic methods, research animal models, the mechanisms of exercise-mediated cardiac protection, and current treatments for HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Zhan
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gomez Isaza DF, Rodgers EM. Exercise training does not affect heat tolerance in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 270:111229. [PMID: 35500866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The progression of climate warming will expose ectotherms to transient heatwave events and temperatures above their tolerance range at increased frequencies. It is therefore pivotal that we understand species' physiological limits and the capacity for various controls to plastically alter these thresholds. Exercise training could have beneficial impacts on organismal heat tolerance through improvements in cardio-respiratory capacity, but this remains unexplored. Using juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), we tested the hypothesis that exercise training improves heat tolerance through enhancements in oxygen-carrying capacity. Fish were trained once daily at 60% of their maximum sustainable swim speed, UCRIT, for 60 min. Tolerance to acute warming was assessed following three weeks of exercise training, measured as the critical thermal maximum (CTMAX). CTMAX measurements were coupled with examinations of the oxygen carrying capacity (haematocrit, haemoglobin concentration, relative ventricle size, and relative splenic mass) as critical components of the oxygen transport cascade in fish. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that exercise training did not raise the CTMAX of juvenile Chinook salmon with a mean CTMAX increase of just 0.35 °C compared to unexercised control fish. Training also failed to improve the oxygen carrying capacity of fish. Exercise training remains a novel strategy against acute warming that requires substantial fine-tuning before it can be applied to the management of commercial and wild fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Gomez Isaza
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia. https://twitter.com/@_danielgomez94
| | - Essie M Rodgers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang H, Lin Y, Zhang R, Chen Y, Ji W, Li S, Wang L, Tan R, Yuan J. Programmed Exercise Attenuates Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Transgenic E22K Mice via Inhibition of PKC-α/NFAT Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:808163. [PMID: 35265680 PMCID: PMC8899095 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.808163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM), an autosomal dominant disease, is caused by mutations in genes encoding cardiac sarcomeric proteins. E22K, a mutation in the myosin regulatory light chain sarcomere gene, is associated with the development of FHCM. However, the molecular mechanisms by which E22K mutation promotes septal hypertrophy are still elusive. The hypertrophic markers, including beta-myosin heavy chain, atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide, were upregulated, as detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The gene expression profiles were greatly altered in the left ventricle of E22K mutant mice. Among these genes, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-α) were upregulated, and their protein expression levels were also verified to be elevated. The fibrosis markers, such as phosphorylated Smad and transforming growth factor beta receptor, were also elevated in transgenic E22K mice. After receiving 6 weeks of procedural exercise training, the expression levels of PKC-α and NFAT were reversed in E22K mouse hearts. In addition, the expression levels of several fibrosis-related genes such as transforming growth factor beta receptor 1, Smad4, and alpha smooth muscle actin in E22K mouse hearts were also reversed. Genes that associated with cardiac remodeling such as myocyte enhancer factor 2C, extracellular matrix protein 2 and fibroblast growth factor 12 were reduced after exercising. Taken together, our results indicate that exercise can improve hypertrophy and fibrosis-related indices in transgenic E22K mice via PKC-α/NFAT pathway, which provide new insight into the prevention and treatment of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yuedong Lin
- Cardiac Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shenwei Li
- Institute of Basic Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Wang
| | - Rubin Tan
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- Rubin Tan
| | - Jinxiang Yuan
- The Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Jinxiang Yuan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Proteomic analysis of temperature-dependent developmental plasticity within the ventricle of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:344-354. [PMID: 36035983 PMCID: PMC9403292 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
8
|
Gilbert MJH, Farrell AP. The thermal acclimation potential of maximum heart rate and cardiac heat tolerance in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), a northern cold-water specialist. J Therm Biol 2020; 95:102816. [PMID: 33454044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing heart rate (ƒH) is a central, if not primary mechanism used by fishes to support their elevated tissue oxygen consumption during acute warming. Thermal acclimation can adjust this acute response to improve cardiac performance and heat tolerance under the prevailing temperatures. We predict that such acclimation will be particularly important in regions undergoing rapid environmental change such as the Arctic. Therefore, we acclimated Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), a high latitude, cold-adapted salmonid, to ecologically relevant temperatures (2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 °C) and examined how thermal acclimation influenced their cardiac heat tolerance by measuring the maximum heart rate (ƒHmax) response to acute warming. As expected, acute warming increased ƒHmax in all Arctic char before ƒHmax reached a peak and then became arrhythmic. The peak ƒHmax, and the temperature at which peak ƒHmax (Tpeak) and that at which arrhythmia first occurred (Tarr) all increased progressively (+33%, 49% and 35%, respectively) with acclimation temperature from 2 to 14 °C. When compared at the same test temperature ƒHmax also decreased by as much as 29% with increasing acclimation temperature, indicating significant thermal compensation. The upper temperature at which fish first lost their equilibrium (critical thermal maximum: CTmax) also increased with acclimation temperature, albeit to a lesser extent (+11%). Importantly, Arctic char experienced mortality after several weeks of acclimation at 18 °C and survivors did not have elevated cardiac thermal tolerance. Collectively, these findings suggest that if wild Arctic char have access to suitable temperatures (<18 °C) for a sufficient duration, warm acclimation can potentially mitigate some of the cardiorespiratory impairments previously documented during acute heat exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J H Gilbert
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, #4200 - 6270, University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Anthony P Farrell
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, #4200 - 6270, University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fathi M, Gharakhanlou R, Rezaei R. The Changes of Heart miR-1 and miR-133 Expressions following Physiological Hypertrophy Due to Endurance Training. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:133-140. [PMID: 32779443 PMCID: PMC7481891 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.7014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the development of the heart. Recent studies have shown that miR-
1 and miR-133 are key regulators of cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of an endurance
training (ET) program on the expressions of these miRNAs and their transcriptional network.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, cardiac hypertrophy was induced by 14 weeks of ET for 1 hour per
day, 6 days per week at 75% VO2 max). The rats (221 ± 23 g) in the experimental (n=7) and control (n=7) groups were
anesthetized to evaluate heart morphology changes by echocardiography. Next, we evaluated expressions of miR-1
and miR-133, and heart and neural crest derivatives express 2 (Hand2), Mef2c, histone deacetylase 4 (Hdac4) and
serum response factor (Srf) gene expressions by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, the collected data
were evaluated by the independent t test to determine differences between the groups
Results The echocardiography result confirmed physiological hypertrophy in the experimental group that underwent ET as
shown by the increased left ventricular weight/body surface area (LVW/BSA) (P=0.004), LVW/body weight (BW) (P=0.011),
left ventricular diameter end-diastolic (LVDd) (P=0.003), and improvements in heart functional indexes such as fractional
shortness (FS) (P=0.036) and stroke volume (SV) (P=0.002). There were significant increases in the expressions of miR-1
(P=0.001) and miR-133 (P=0.004). The expressions of Srf, Hdac4, and Hand2 genes significantly increased (P<0.001) in the
experimental group Compared with the control group. The expression of Mef2c did not significantly change.
Conclusion The expressions of miR-1 and miR-133 and their target genes appeared to be involved in physiological
hypertrophy induced by ET in these rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fathi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran Electronic Address:
| | - Reza Gharakhanlou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities Sciences, Tarbiyat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Rezaei
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Roh JD, Houstis N, Yu A, Chang B, Yeri A, Li H, Hobson R, Lerchenmüller C, Vujic A, Chaudhari V, Damilano F, Platt C, Zlotoff D, Lee RT, Shah R, Jerosch‐Herold M, Rosenzweig A. Exercise training reverses cardiac aging phenotypes associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in male mice. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13159. [PMID: 32441410 PMCID: PMC7294786 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common type of HF in older adults. Although no pharmacological therapy has yet improved survival in HFpEF, exercise training (ExT) has emerged as the most effective intervention to improving functional outcomes in this age‐related disease. The molecular mechanisms by which ExT induces its beneficial effects in HFpEF, however, remain largely unknown. Given the strong association between aging and HFpEF, we hypothesized that ExT might reverse cardiac aging phenotypes that contribute to HFpEF pathophysiology and additionally provide a platform for novel mechanistic and therapeutic discovery. Here, we show that aged (24–30 months) C57BL/6 male mice recapitulate many of the hallmark features of HFpEF, including preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, subclinical systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, impaired cardiac reserves, exercise intolerance, and pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. Similar to older humans, ExT in old mice improved exercise capacity, diastolic function, and contractile reserves, while reducing pulmonary congestion. Interestingly, RNAseq of explanted hearts showed that ExT did not significantly modulate biological pathways targeted by conventional HF medications. However, it reversed multiple age‐related pathways, including the global downregulation of cell cycle pathways seen in aged hearts, which was associated with increased capillary density, but no effects on cardiac mass or fibrosis. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the aged C57BL/6 male mouse is a valuable model for studying the role of aging biology in HFpEF pathophysiology, and provide a molecular framework for how ExT potentially reverses cardiac aging phenotypes in HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Roh
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Nicholas Houstis
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Andy Yu
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Bliss Chang
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Ashish Yeri
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Haobo Li
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Ryan Hobson
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Carolin Lerchenmüller
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pulmonology University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ana Vujic
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
| | - Vinita Chaudhari
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Federico Damilano
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Colin Platt
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Daniel Zlotoff
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology Harvard Stem Cell Institute Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
| | - Ravi Shah
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Michael Jerosch‐Herold
- Department of Radiology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boulghobra D, Coste F, Geny B, Reboul C. Exercise training protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury: A central role for mitochondria? Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:395-410. [PMID: 32294509 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Physical exercise is an effective lifestyle intervention to reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and also to improve cardiac function and survival in patients with ischemic heart disease. Among the strategies that contribute to reduce heart damages during ischemia and reperfusion, regular physical exercise is efficient both in rodent experimental models and in humans. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the cardioprotective effects of exercise remain unclear. During ischemia and reperfusion, mitochondria are crucial players in cell death, but also in cell survival. Although exercise training can influence mitochondrial function, the consequences on heart sensitivity to ischemic insults remain elusive. In this review, we describe the effects of physical activity on cardiac mitochondria and their potential key role in exercise-induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion damage. Based on recent scientific data, we discuss the role of different pathways that might help to explain why mitochondria are a key target of exercise-induced cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence Coste
- LAPEC EA4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- EA3072, «Mitochondrie, Stress Oxydant, et Protection Musculaire», Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Reboul
- LAPEC EA4278, Avignon Université, F-84000, Avignon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Growing up gator: a proteomic perspective on cardiac maturation in an oviparous reptile, the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:243-252. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
13
|
Gardner LD, Peck KA, Goetz GW, Linbo TL, Cameron J, Scholz NL, Block BA, Incardona JP. Cardiac remodeling in response to embryonic crude oil exposure involves unconventional NKX family members and innate immunity genes. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.205567. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.205567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling results from both physiological and pathological stimuli. Compared to mammals, fish hearts show a broader array of remodeling changes in response to environmental influences, providing exceptional models for dissecting the molecular and cellular bases of cardiac remodeling. We recently characterized a form of pathological remodeling in juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in response to crude oil exposure during embryonic cardiogenesis. In the absence of overt pathology (cardiomyocyte death or inflammatory infiltrate), cardiac ventricles in exposed fish showed altered shape, reduced thickness of compact myocardium, and hypertrophic changes in spongy, trabeculated myocardium. Here we used RNA sequencing to characterize molecular pathways underlying these defects. In juvenile ventricular cardiomyocytes, antecedent embryonic oil exposure led to dose-dependent up-regulation of genes involved in innate immunity and two NKX homeobox transcription factors not previously associated with cardiomyocytes, nkx2.3 and nkx3.3. Absent from mammalian genomes, the latter is largely uncharacterized. In zebrafish embryos nkx3.3 demonstrated a potent effect on cardiac morphogenesis, equivalent to nkx2.5, the primary transcription factor associated with ventricular cardiomyocyte identity. The role of nkx3.3 in heart growth is potentially linked to the unique regenerative capacity of fish and amphibians. Moreover, these findings support a cardiomyocyte-intrinsic role for innate immune response genes in pathological hypertrophy. This study demonstrates how an expanding mechanistic understanding of environmental pollution impacts – i.e., the chemical perturbation of biological systems – can ultimately yield new insights into fundamental biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke D. Gardner
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Karen A. Peck
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Giles W. Goetz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Tiffany L. Linbo
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - James Cameron
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Scholz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Barbara A. Block
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - John P. Incardona
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rovira M, Borràs DM, Marques IJ, Puig C, Planas JV. Physiological Responses to Swimming-Induced Exercise in the Adult Zebrafish Regenerating Heart. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1362. [PMID: 30327615 PMCID: PMC6174316 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise promotes a set of physiological responses known to provide long-term health benefits and it can play an important role in cardioprotection. In the present study, we examined cardiac responses to exercise training in the adult zebrafish and in the context of cardiac regeneration. We found that swimming-induced exercise increased cardiomyocyte proliferation and that this response was also found under regenerating conditions, when exercise was performed either prior to and after ventricular cryoinjury (CI). Exercise prior to CI resulted in a mild improvement in cardiac function and lesion recovery over the non-exercise condition. Transcriptomic profiling of regenerating ventricles in cryoinjured fish subjected to exercise identified genes possibly involved in the cardioprotective effects of exercise and that could represent potential targets for heart regeneration strategies. Taken together, our results suggest that exercise constitutes a physiological stimulus that may help promote cardiomyogenic mechanisms of the vertebrate heart through the induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation. The zebrafish exercise model may be useful for investigating the potential cardioprotective effects of exercise in teleost fish and to contribute to further identify and develop novel avenues in basic research to promote heart regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Rovira
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel M Borràs
- Research and Development Department, GenomeScan B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Inês J Marques
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Puig
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep V Planas
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Balseiro P, Moe Ø, Gamlem I, Shimizu M, Sveier H, Nilsen TO, Kaneko N, Ebbesson L, Pedrosa C, Tronci V, Nylund A, Handeland SO. Comparison between Atlantic salmon Salmo salar post-smolts reared in open sea cages and in the Preline raceway semi-closed containment aquaculture system. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:567-579. [PMID: 29952001 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of closed containment (CCS) or semi-closed containment systems (S-CCS) for Atlantic salmon Salmo salar aquaculture is under evaluation in Norway. One such system is the Preline S-CCS, a floating raceway system that pumps water from 35 m depth creating a constant current through the system. Exposing fish to moderate water currents is considered aerobic exercise and it is often perceived as positive for fish welfare, growth, food utilization, muscle development and cardiac health. The present study compared fish reared in the Preline S-CCS and in a reference open pen. Samples were taken in fresh water before being transferred to the seawater systems and after 1, 2 and 4 months in seawater and analysed for growth, mortality, muscle development and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels. Moreover, gene transcription were determined in the skeletal muscle [igf-I, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor a (igf1ra) and insulin-like growth factor 1 binding protein 1a (igf1bp1a)] and cardiac transcription factors [myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (mef2c), gata4 and vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf)]. While the results suggest that post-smolts in Preline S-CCS were smaller than reference fish, fish from Preline S-CCS have less accumulated mortality at the end of the experiment and showed 2.44 times more small muscle fibres than the reference group fish after 4 months in seawater. These results confirmed what was previously observed in the second generation of Preline. Similar levels of big muscle fibres between Preline S-CCS and reference suggest a similar hypertrophy of muscle fibres even with lower IGF-I expression in the Preline S-CCS. Cardiac gene transcription suggests cardiac hypertrophy was observed after 4 months in seawater in the Preline S-CCS group. Altogether, Preline S-CCS is a promising technology able to produce more robust S. salar with a faster growth and lower mortality in the subsequent standard open cage system growth period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Balseiro
- Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Moe
- Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Gamlem
- Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Munetaka Shimizu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | | | - Tom O Nilsen
- Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nobuto Kaneko
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Lars Ebbesson
- Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cindy Pedrosa
- Uni Research Environment, Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Are Nylund
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arge R, Dessen JE, Østbye TK, Ruyter B, Thomassen MS, Rørvik KA. Effects of tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) treatment on lipid metabolism in salmon hearts-in vitro and in vivo studies. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:703-716. [PMID: 29349633 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In intensive farming of Atlantic salmon, a large proportion of observed mortality is related to cardiovascular diseases and circulatory failure, indicating insufficient robustness and inadequate cardiac performance. This paper reports on the use of tetradecylthioacetic acid (TTA) where the main objective was to enhance utilisation of fatty acids (FA), considered the main energy source of the heart. In this study, three experiments were conducted: (I) an in vivo study where salmon post-smolt were administrated dietary TTA in sea, (II) an in vitro study where isolated salmon heart cells were pre-stimulated with increasing doses of TTA and (III) an in vivo experiment where salmon post-smolt were subjected to injections with increasing doses of TTA. In study I, TTA-treated fish had a smaller decrease in heart weight relative to fish bodyweight (CSI) in a period after sea transfer compared to the control. This coincided with lowered condition factor and muscle fat in the TTA-treated fish, which may indicate a higher oxidation of lipids for energy. In study II, the isolated hearts treated with the highest dose of TTA had higher uptake of radiolabelled FA and formation of CO2 and acid-soluble products. In study III, expression of genes regulating peroxisomal FA oxidation, cell growth, elongation and desaturation were upregulated in the heart of TTA injected salmon. In contrast, genes involved in FA transport into the mitochondria were not influenced. In conclusion, these experiments indicate that TTA enhances energy production in salmon hearts by stimulation of FA oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regin Arge
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway.
- Formerly associated with Fiskaaling, Aquacultural Research Station of the Faroes, FO-430, Hvalvík, Faroe Islands.
| | - Jens-Erik Dessen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Nofima AS, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Bente Ruyter
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Nofima AS, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Magny S Thomassen
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Kjell-Arne Rørvik
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Nofima AS, 1431, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moore JS, Harris LN, Le Luyer J, Sutherland BJ, Rougemont Q, Tallman RF, Fisk AT, Bernatchez L. Genomics and telemetry suggest a role for migration harshness in determining overwintering habitat choice, but not gene flow, in anadromous Arctic Char. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6784-6800. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Moore
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
| | - Les N. Harris
- Freshwater Institute Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Jérémy Le Luyer
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer; Taravao Tahiti France
| | - Ben J.G. Sutherland
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Nanaimo BC Canada
| | - Quentin Rougemont
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
| | - Ross F. Tallman
- Freshwater Institute Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Aaron T. Fisk
- Great Lakes Institute of Environmental Research; University of Windsor; Windsor ON Canada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rissoli RZ, Vasconcelos EDS, Rantin FT, Kalinin AL. Effects of exercise training on excitation-contraction coupling, calcium dynamics and protein expression in the heart of the Neotropical fish Brycon amazonicus. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 214:85-93. [PMID: 28966144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) is a great swimming performance teleost fish from the Amazon basin. However, the possible cardiac adaptations of this ability are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of prolonged exercise (EX group - 60days under 0.4BL·s-1) on ventricular contractility by (i) in-vitro analysis of contractility comparing the relative roles of sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling and (ii) molecular analysis of NCX, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2) and phospholamban (PLB) expression and quantification. The exercise training significantly improved twitch tension, cardiac pumping capacity and the contraction rate when compared to controls (CT). Inhibition of the NCX function, replacing Na+ by Li+ in the physiological solutions, diminished cardiac contractility in the EX group, reduced all analyzed parameters under both high and low stimulation frequencies. The SR blockage, using 10μM ryanodine, caused ~50% tension reduction in CT at most analyzed frequencies while in EX, reductions (34-54%) were only found at higher frequencies. SR inhibition also decreased contraction and relaxation rates in both groups. Additionally, higher post-rest contraction values were recorded for EX, indicating an increase in SR Ca2+ loading. Higher NCX and PLB expression rates and lower SERCA2 rates were found in EX. Our data indicate that matrinxã presents a modulation in E-C coupling after exercise-training, enhancing the SR function under higher frequencies. This was the first study to functionally analyze the effects of swimming-induced exercise on fish cardiac E-C coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Zanelli Rissoli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Tadeu Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Kalinin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Novel insights into cardiac remodelling revealed by proteomic analysis of the trout heart during exercise training. J Proteomics 2017; 161:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Keen AN, Fenna AJ, McConnell JC, Sherratt MJ, Gardner P, Shiels HA. The Dynamic Nature of Hypertrophic and Fibrotic Remodeling of the Fish Ventricle. Front Physiol 2016; 6:427. [PMID: 26834645 PMCID: PMC4720793 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pressure or volume overload can cause the vertebrate heart to remodel. The hearts of fish remodel in response to seasonal temperature change. Here we focus on the passive properties of the fish heart. Building upon our previous work on thermal-remodeling of the rainbow trout ventricle, we hypothesized that chronic cooling would initiate fibrotic cardiac remodeling, with increased myocardial stiffness, similar to that seen with pathological hypertrophy in mammals. We hypothesized that, in contrast to pathological hypertrophy in mammals, the remodeling response in fish would be plastic and the opposite response would occur following chronic warming. Rainbow trout held at 10°C (control group) were chronically (>8 weeks) exposed to cooling (5°C) or warming (18°C). Chronic cold induced hypertrophy in the highly trabeculated inner layer of the fish heart, with a 41% increase in myocyte bundle cross-sectional area, and an up-regulation of hypertrophic marker genes. Cold acclimation also increased collagen deposition by 1.7-fold and caused an up-regulation of collagen promoting genes. In contrast, chronic warming reduced myocyte bundle cross-sectional area, expression of hypertrophic markers and collagen deposition. Functionally, the cold-induced fibrosis and hypertrophy were associated with increased passive stiffness of the whole ventricle and with increased micromechanical stiffness of tissue sections. The opposite occurred with chronic warming. These findings suggest chronic cooling in the trout heart invokes a hypertrophic phenotype with increased cardiac stiffness and fibrosis that are associated with pathological hypertrophy in the mammalian heart. The loss of collagen and increased compliance following warming is particularly interesting as it suggests fibrosis may oscillate seasonally in the fish heart, revealing a more dynamic nature than the fibrosis associated with dysfunction in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam N Keen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew J Fenna
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - James C McConnell
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Sherratt
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Gardner
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hydrolyzed fish proteins reduced activation of caspase-3 in H2O2 induced oxidative stressed liver cells isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:658. [PMID: 26543792 PMCID: PMC4628607 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolyzed fish proteins (H-pro) contains high concentrations of free amino acids and low molecular peptides that potentially benefit health. The following study aimed to test whether the water soluble phase of H-pro could reduce apoptosis and inflammation in primary liver cells isolated from Atlantic salmon following H2O2 provoked oxidative stress. Cells were grown as monocultures or co-cultured with head kidney cells to assess possible cross talk in inflammation and metabolism during treatments. Cells were grown in media with or without H-pro for 2 days before being stressed with 200 µM H2O2 then harvested 24 h post exposure. Both treatments were compared to the respective treatments without H2O2 supplementation. Oxidative stressed cells had increased activation of caspase-3, but supplementation with H-pro in the media prior to the oxidative stress reduced caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, free amino acids and low molecular weight peptides from H-pro attenuated oxidative stress, and made cells able to withstand apoptosis after H2O2 provoked oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
23
|
Very low embryonic crude oil exposures cause lasting cardiac defects in salmon and herring. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13499. [PMID: 26345607 PMCID: PMC4561892 DOI: 10.1038/srep13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster exposed embryos of pink salmon and Pacific herring to crude oil in shoreline spawning habitats throughout Prince William Sound, Alaska. The herring fishery collapsed four years later. The role of the spill, if any, in this decline remains one of the most controversial unanswered questions in modern natural resource injury assessment. Crude oil disrupts excitation-contraction coupling in fish heart muscle cells, and we show here that salmon and herring exposed as embryos to trace levels of crude oil grow into juveniles with abnormal hearts and reduced cardiorespiratory function, the latter a key determinant of individual survival and population recruitment. Oil exposure during cardiogenesis led to specific defects in the outflow tract and compact myocardium, and a hypertrophic response in spongy myocardium, evident in juveniles 7 to 9 months after exposure. The thresholds for developmental cardiotoxicity were remarkably low, suggesting the scale of the Exxon Valdez impact in shoreline spawning habitats was much greater than previously appreciated. Moreover, an irreversible loss of cardiac fitness and consequent increases in delayed mortality in oil-exposed cohorts may have been important contributors to the delayed decline of pink salmon and herring stocks in Prince William Sound.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dalziel AC, Martin N, Laporte M, Guderley H, Bernatchez L. Adaptation and acclimation of aerobic exercise physiology in Lake Whitefish ecotypes (Coregonus clupeaformis). Evolution 2015; 69:2167-86. [PMID: 26177840 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The physiological mechanisms underlying local adaptation in natural populations of animals, and whether the same mechanisms contribute to adaptation and acclimation, are largely unknown. Therefore, we tested for evolutionary divergence in aerobic exercise physiology in laboratory bred, size-matched crosses of ancestral, benthic, normal Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and derived, limnetic, more actively swimming "dwarf" ecotypes. We acclimated fish to constant swimming (emulating limnetic foraging) and control conditions (emulating normal activity levels) to simultaneously study phenotypic plasticity. We found extensive divergence between ecotypes: dwarf fish generally had constitutively higher values of traits related to oxygen transport (ventricle size) and use by skeletal muscle (percent oxidative muscle, mitochondrial content), and also evolved differential plasticity of mitochondrial function (Complex I activity and flux through Complexes I-IV and IV). The effects of swim training were less pronounced than differences among ecotypes and the traits which had a significant training effect (ventricle protein content, ventricle malate dehydrogenase activity, and muscle Complex V activity) did not differ among ecotypes. Only one trait, ventricle mass, varied in a similar manner with acclimation and adaptation and followed a pattern consistent with genetic accommodation. Overall, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying acclimation and adaptation to swimming activity in Lake Whitefish differ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Dalziel
- Departement de Biologie, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6.
| | - Nicolas Martin
- Departement de Biologie, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6.,School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Martin Laporte
- Departement de Biologie, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| | - Helga Guderley
- Departement de Biologie, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6.,Department of Biology, Life Science Centre, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street PO BOX 15000, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Departement de Biologie, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ollivier H, Marchant J, Le Bayon N, Servili A, Claireaux G. Calcium response of KCl-excited populations of ventricular myocytes from the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): a promising approach to integrate cell-to-cell heterogeneity in studying the cellular basis of fish cardiac performance. J Comp Physiol B 2015. [PMID: 26205950 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate change challenges the capacity of fishes to thrive in their habitat. However, through phenotypic diversity, they demonstrate remarkable resilience to deteriorating conditions. In fish populations, inter-individual variation in a number of fitness-determining physiological traits, including cardiac performance, is classically observed. Information about the cellular bases of inter-individual variability in cardiac performance is scarce including the possible contribution of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. This study aimed at providing insight into EC coupling-related Ca(2+) response and thermal plasticity in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). A cell population approach was used to lay the methodological basis for identifying the cellular determinants of cardiac performance. Fish were acclimated at 12 and 22 °C and changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) following KCl stimulation were measured using Fura-2, at 12 or 22 °C-test. The increase in [Ca(2+)]i resulted primarily from extracellular Ca(2+) entry but sarcoplasmic reticulum stores were also shown to be involved. As previously reported in sea bass, a modest effect of adrenaline was observed. Moreover, although the response appeared relatively insensitive to an acute temperature change, a difference in Ca(2+) response was observed between 12- and 22 °C-acclimated fish. In particular, a greater increase in [Ca(2+)]i at a high level of adrenaline was observed in 22 °C-acclimated fish that may be related to an improved efficiency of adrenaline under these conditions. In conclusion, this method allows a rapid screening of cellular characteristics. It represents a promising tool to identify the cellular determinants of inter-individual variability in fishes' capacity for environmental adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James Marchant
- Unité PFOM-ARN, LEMAR, Centre Ifremer de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Unité PFOM-ARN, LEMAR, Centre Ifremer de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - Arianna Servili
- Unité PFOM-ARN, LEMAR, Centre Ifremer de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Unité PFOM-ARN, LEMAR, Centre Ifremer de Brest, Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fraser TWK, Mayer I, Hansen T, Poppe TT, Skjaeraasen JE, Koppang EO, Fjelldal PG. Vaccination and triploidy increase relative heart weight in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:151-160. [PMID: 24422684 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart morphology is particularly plastic in teleosts and differs between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon. However, little is known about how different culture practices and sex affect heart morphology. This study investigated how vaccination, triploidy and sex affected heart size and heart morphology (ventricle shape, angle of the bulbus arteriosus) in farmed Atlantic salmon for 18 months following vaccination (from c. 50-3000 g body weight). In addition, hearts were examined histologically after 7 months in sea water. All fish sampled were sexually immature. Vaccinated fish had significantly heavier hearts relative to body weight and a more triangular ventricle than unvaccinated fish, suggesting a greater cardiac workload. Irrespective of time, triploids had significantly heavier hearts relative to body weight, a more acute angle of the bulbus arteriosus and less fat deposition in the epicardium than diploids. The ventricle was also more triangular in triploids than diploids at seawater transfer. Sex had transient effects on the angle of the bulbus arteriosus, but no effect on relative heart weight or ventricle shape. From a morphological perspective, the results indicate that vaccination and triploidy increase cardiac workload in farmed Atlantic salmon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T W K Fraser
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bosma M. Lipid homeostasis in exercise. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1019-23. [PMID: 24632001 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) are essential energy substrates during endurance exercise. In addition to systemic supply, intramyocellular neutral lipids form an important source of FA for the working muscle. Endurance exercise training is associated with an increased reliance on lipids as a fuel source, has systemic lipid-lowering effects and results in a remodeling of skeletal muscle lipid metabolism toward increased oxidation, neutral lipid storage and turnover. Interestingly, recent studies have indicated common exercise-induced regulatory pathways for genes involved in skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) dynamics. In this review, I discuss lipid homeostasis during acute exercise and adaptations in lipid metabolism upon exercise training in the light of recent advances in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleen Bosma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 285, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|