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Yogev Y, Schaffer M, Shlapobersky M, Jean MM, Wormser O, Drabkin M, Halperin D, Kassem R, Livoff A, Tsitrina AA, Asna N, Birk OS. A role of BPTF in viral oncogenicity delineated through studies of heritable Kaposi sarcoma. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29436. [PMID: 38380509 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS), caused by Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8; KSHV), shows sporadic, endemic, and epidemic forms. While familial clustering of KS was previously recorded, the molecular basis of hereditary predilection to KS remains largely unknown. We demonstrate through genetic studies that a dominantly inherited missense mutation in BPTF segregates with a phenotype of classical KS in multiple immunocompetent individuals in two families. Using an rKSHV.219-infected CRISPR/cas9-model, we show that BPTFI2012T mutant cells exhibit higher latent-to-lytic ratio, decreased virion production, increased LANA staining, and latent phenotype in viral transcriptomics. RNA-sequencing demonstrated that KSHV infection dysregulated oncogenic-like response and P53 pathways, MAPK cascade, and blood vessel development pathways, consistent with KS. BPTFI2012T also enriched pathways of viral genome regulation and replication, immune response, and chemotaxis, including downregulation of IFI16, SHFL HLAs, TGFB1, and HSPA5, all previously associated with KSHV infection and tumorigenesis. Many of the differentially expressed genes are regulated by Rel-NF-κB, which regulates immune processes, cell survival, and proliferation and is pivotal to oncogenesis. We thus demonstrate BPTF mutation-mediated monogenic hereditary predilection of KSHV virus-induced oncogenesis, and suggest BPTF as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Yogev
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Moshe Schaffer
- Department of Oncology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Mark Shlapobersky
- Department of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Matan M Jean
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad Wormser
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Max Drabkin
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Halperin
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Riad Kassem
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alejandro Livoff
- Department of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Galilee Medical Center, and The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Alexandra A Tsitrina
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Noam Asna
- Department of Oncology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Genetics Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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2
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Sipilä LJ, Seppä K, Aavikko M, Ravantti J, Heikkinen S, Aaltonen LA, Pitkäniemi J. Sex-specific familial aggregation of cancers in Finland. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15126. [PMID: 36068325 PMCID: PMC9448814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the effect of sex on the occurrence of cancers has been studied extensively, it remains unclear whether sex modifies familial aggregation of cancers. We explored sex-specific familial aggregation of cancers in a large population-based historical cohort study. We combined cancer and population registry data, inferring familial relationships from birth municipality-surname-sex (MNS) combinations. Our data consisted of 391,529 incident primary cancers in 377,210 individuals with 319,872 different MNS combinations. Cumulative sex-specific numbers of cancers were compared to expected cumulative incidence. Familial cancer risks were similar between the sexes in our population-wide analysis. Families with concordant cancer in both sexes exhibited similar sex-specific cancer risks. However, some families had exceptionally high sex-specific cumulative cancer incidence. We identified six families with exceptionally strong aggregation in males: three families with thyroid cancer (ratio between observed and expected incidence 184.6; 95% credible interval (95% CI) 33.1–1012.7, 173.4 (95% CI 65.4–374.3), and 161.4 (95% CI 29.6–785.7), one with stomach (ratio 14.4 (95% CI 6.9–37.2)), colon (ratio 15.5 (95% CI 5.7–56.3)) cancers and one with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (ratio 33.5 (95% CI 17.2–207.6)). Our results imply that familial aggregation of cancers shows no sex-specific preference. However, the atypical sex-specific aggregation of stomach cancer, colon cancer, thyroid cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in certain families is difficult to fully explain with present knowledge of possible causes, and could yield useful knowledge if explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri J Sipilä
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Finnish Cancer Registry, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karri Seppä
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Ravantti
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Pitkäniemi
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland. .,Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Finnish Cancer Registry, Unioninkatu 22, 00130, Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Molecular Mechanisms of Kaposi Sarcoma Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081869. [PMID: 35454776 PMCID: PMC9030761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There are at least four forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) with the ‘HIV’-related form being the most aggressive and can involve mucosae or visceral organs. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) is the underlying cause of this disease. It can infect endothelial and/or mesenchymal cells and establish a latent phase in host cells in which latency proteins and various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a complex role in proliferation and angiogenesis. It also undergoes periods of sporadic lytic reactivation that are key for KS progression. Complex interactions with the microenvironment with production of inflammatory cytokines and paracrine signaling is a standout feature of KS development and maintenance. KSHV impairs the immune response by various mechanisms such as the degradation of a variety of proteins involved in immune response or binding to cellular chemokines. Treatment options include classical chemotherapy, but other novel therapies are being investigated. Abstract Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a heterogeneous angioproliferative tumor that generally arises in the skin. At least four forms of this disease have been described, with the ‘HIV’-related form being the most aggressive and can involve mucosae or visceral organs. Three quarters of KS cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as geographic variation is explained by the disparate prevalence of KS-associated herpes virus (KSHV), which is the underlying cause of this disease. It can infect endothelial and/or mesenchymal cells that consequently transdifferentiate to an intermediate state. KSHV establishes a latent phase in host cells in which latency proteins and various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a complex role in proliferation and angiogenesis. It also undergoes periods of sporadic lytic reactivation triggered by various biological signals in which lytic stage proteins modulate host cell signaling pathways and are key in KS progression. Complex interactions with the microenvironment with production of inflammatory cytokines with paracrine signaling is a standout feature of KS development and maintenance. KSHV impairs the immune response by various mechanisms such as the degradation of a variety of proteins involved in immune response or binding to cellular chemokines. Treatment options include classical chemotherapy, but other novel therapies are being investigated.
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Gaglia MM. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus at 27. Tumour Virus Res 2021; 12:200223. [PMID: 34153523 PMCID: PMC8250455 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was discovered 27 years ago and its link to several pathologies - Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and the B cell variant of Multicentric Castleman disease - is now well established. However, many questions remain about how KSHV causes tumors. Here, I will review studies from the last few years (primarily 2019-2021) that report new information about KSHV biology and tumorigenesis, including new results about KSHV proteins implicated in tumorigenesis, genetic and environmental variability in KSHV-related tumor development, and potential vulnerabilities of KSHV-caused tumors that could be novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Gaglia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Aavikko M, Kaasinen E, Andersson N, Pentinmikko N, Sulo P, Donner I, Pihlajamaa P, Kuosmanen A, Bramante S, Katainen R, Sipilä LJ, Martin S, Arola J, Carpén O, Heiskanen I, Mecklin JP, Taipale J, Ristimäki A, Lehti K, Gucciardo E, Katajisto P, Schalin-Jäntti C, Vahteristo P, Aaltonen LA. WNT2 activation through proximal germline deletion predisposes to small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and intestinal adenocarcinomas. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2429-2440. [PMID: 34274970 PMCID: PMC8643507 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many hereditary cancer syndromes are associated with an increased risk of small and large intestinal adenocarcinomas. However, conditions bearing a high risk to both adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors are yet to be described. We studied a family with 16 individuals in four generations affected by a wide spectrum of intestinal tumors, including hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors, and colorectal and small intestinal adenocarcinomas. To assess the genetic susceptibility and understand the novel phenotype, we utilized multiple molecular methods, including whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, single cell sequencing, RNA in situ hybridization and organoid culture. We detected a heterozygous deletion at the cystic fibrosis locus (7q31.2) perfectly segregating with the intestinal tumor predisposition in the family. The deletion removes a topologically associating domain border between CFTR and WNT2, aberrantly activating WNT2 in the intestinal epithelium. These consequences suggest that the deletion predisposes to small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors and small and large intestinal adenocarcinomas, and reveals the broad tumorigenic effects of aberrant WNT activation in the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Andersson
- Department of Pathology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nalle Pentinmikko
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Sulo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iikki Donner
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pihlajamaa
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Anna Kuosmanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simona Bramante
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri J Sipilä
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samantha Martin
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Arola
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Heiskanen
- Endocrine Surgery, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery, Central Finland Central Hospital, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jussi Taipale
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Gucciardo
- Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Katajisto
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Schalin-Jäntti
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Katainen R, Donner I, Räisänen M, Berta D, Kuosmanen A, Kaasinen E, Hietala M, Aaltonen LA. Novel germline variant in the histone demethylase and transcription regulator KDM4C induces a multi-cancer phenotype. J Med Genet 2021; 59:644-651. [PMID: 34281993 PMCID: PMC9252859 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Genes involved in epigenetic regulation are central for chromatin structure and gene expression. Specific mutations in these might promote carcinogenesis in several tissue types. Methods We used exome, whole-genome and Sanger sequencing to detect rare variants shared by seven affected individuals in a striking early-onset multi-cancer family. The only variant that segregated with malignancy resided in a histone demethylase KDM4C. Consequently, we went on to study the epigenetic landscape of the mutation carriers with ATAC, ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) and RNA-sequencing from lymphoblastoid cell lines to identify possible pathogenic effects. Results A novel variant in KDM4C, encoding a H3K9me3 histone demethylase and transcription regulator, was found to segregate with malignancy in the family. Based on Roadmap Epigenomics Project data, differentially accessible chromatin regions between the variant carriers and controls enrich to normally H3K9me3-marked chromatin. We could not detect a difference in global H3K9 trimethylation levels. However, carriers of the variant seemed to have more trimethylated H3K9 at transcription start sites. Pathway analyses of ChIP-seq and differential gene expression data suggested that genes regulated through KDM4C interaction partner EZH2 and its interaction partner PLZF are aberrantly expressed in mutation carriers. Conclusions The apparent dysregulation of H3K9 trimethylation and KDM4C-associated genes in lymphoblastoid cells supports the hypothesis that the KDM4C variant is causative of the multi-cancer susceptibility in the family. As the variant is ultrarare, located in the conserved catalytic JmjC domain and predicted pathogenic by the majority of available in silico tools, further studies on the role of KDM4C in cancer predisposition are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Katainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iikki Donner
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maritta Räisänen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Davide Berta
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kuosmanen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Hietala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, TYKS Turku University Hospital and University of Turku Institute of Biomedicine, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
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Sallah N, Miley W, Labo N, Carstensen T, Fatumo S, Gurdasani D, Pollard MO, Dilthey AT, Mentzer AJ, Marshall V, Cornejo Castro EM, Pomilla C, Young EH, Asiki G, Hibberd ML, Sandhu M, Kellam P, Newton R, Whitby D, Barroso I. Distinct genetic architectures and environmental factors associate with host response to the γ2-herpesvirus infections. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3849. [PMID: 32737300 PMCID: PMC7395761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) establish life-long infections and are associated with malignancies. Striking geographic variation in incidence and the fact that virus alone is insufficient to cause disease, suggests other co-factors are involved. Here we present epidemiological analysis and genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 4365 individuals from an African population cohort, to assess the influence of host genetic and non-genetic factors on virus antibody responses. EBV/KSHV co-infection (OR = 5.71(1.58-7.12)), HIV positivity (OR = 2.22(1.32-3.73)) and living in a more rural area (OR = 1.38(1.01-1.89)) are strongly associated with immunogenicity. GWAS reveals associations with KSHV antibody response in the HLA-B/C region (p = 6.64 × 10-09). For EBV, associations are identified for VCA (rs71542439, p = 1.15 × 10-12). Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and trans-ancestry fine-mapping substantiate that distinct variants in HLA-DQA1 (p = 5.24 × 10-44) are driving associations for EBNA-1 in Africa. This study highlights complex interactions between KSHV and EBV, in addition to distinct genetic architectures resulting in important differences in pathogenesis and transmission.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Coinfection
- Disease Resistance/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/genetics
- Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- HIV/genetics
- HIV/immunology
- HIV/pathogenicity
- HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/genetics
- HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/immunology
- Henipavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Henipavirus Infections/genetics
- Henipavirus Infections/immunology
- Henipavirus Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/pathogenicity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Incidence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Rural Population
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/epidemiology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/genetics
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/immunology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Uganda/epidemiology
- Urban Population
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Affiliation(s)
- Neneh Sallah
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Wendell Miley
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nazzarena Labo
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tommy Carstensen
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- MRC/UVRI at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Martin O Pollard
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander T Dilthey
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vickie Marshall
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elena M Cornejo Castro
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Pomilla
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Young
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Paul Kellam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Kymab Ltd, Babraham Research Complex, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Newton
- MRC/UVRI at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Denise Whitby
- Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Exeter Centre of ExcEllence in Diabetes (ExCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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[Off-label use of vincristine for intralesional treatment of isolated papules in Kaposi's sarcoma: Dermatologic experience with 10 patients]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 147:140-143. [PMID: 31810583 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Kluger N, Blomqvist C, Kivelä P. Kaposi sarcoma in Southern Finland (2006-2018). Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:1258-1263. [PMID: 31222805 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi sarcoma (KS) age-standardized incidence rate is below 0.3 per 100,000 in Nordic countries. Data on KS in Finland have been sparse. METHODS A retrospective review of all the patients with KS cases managed in the Helsinki University Central Hospital between 2006 and 2018. RESULTS Forty patients (median age at diagnosis 45 years, 38 males) were included. About 2.5 new cases were diagnosed per year (incidence 0.16 /100,000). The different subtypes of KS were: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (65%), classical KS (30%), and immunodepression (5%). Patients with HIV were significantly younger, more likely to have cutaneous lesions of the face, the trunk, and mucosal lesions, and KS within lymph nodes and inner organs. KS was diagnosed at the same time as HIV in 77% of cases, 28% with CD4-cell level above 300 cells/mm3 . Among the patients with classical KS (n = 12), 75% were of Finnish origin, 41% had a second primary malignancy diagnosed, and 25% had noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Among HIV patients, 27% had another AIDS-related illness, 7% of the patients developed lymphoproliferative disorders, and 7% a hemophagocytic syndrome. Patients with HIV were always treated with antiviral therapy, with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in 57% of the cases. Local radiotherapy was the main treatment for other KS types. None of the 5 deaths during follow-up was related to KS. CONCLUSIONS Classical KS (KS-CLA) occurs among native Finns, frequently with other present malignancies. Screening of HIV and other malignancies is warranted in new cases of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kluger
- Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Kivelä
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Inflammation, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Donner I, Katainen R, Tanskanen T, Kaasinen E, Aavikko M, Ovaska K, Artama M, Pukkala E, Aaltonen LA. Candidate susceptibility variants for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:453-459. [PMID: 28165652 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is common worldwide, and often fatal. The major histological subtype is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). ESCC shows familial aggregation and high heritability. Mutations in RHBDF2 cause tylosis, a very rare disorder characterized by high life-time risk of ESCC, but no other well-established predisposition genes have been identified. To identify candidate susceptibility variants for ESCC we utilized the Population Information System and the Finnish cancer registry to find study materials by clustering ESCC patients by family name at birth and municipality at birth. We collected archival tissue material and exome sequenced a total of 30 ESCC cases. We prioritized shared, deleterious and rare variants that were significantly enriched in our sample set compared to Finnish and population subset specific controls. Six variants passed filtering, the most frequent being a nonsense mutation in DNAH9 (p.Tyr1573Ter) found in four unrelated patients. DNAH9 has been reported to be frequently lost in ESCC tumors. In this study, one patient's tumor showed loss of the wild type allele of DNAH9 suggesting a tumor suppressive function. A missense variant in GKAP1 was shared by three patients, and missense variants in BAG1, NFX1, FUK, and DDOST by two each. EP300 which has previously been implicated in the genesis of ESCC had a missense variant segregating in three affected individuals in a single family. If validated in independent patient sets, these variants could serve as a tool towards prevention and early diagnosis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iikki Donner
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Tanskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Ovaska
- Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Artama
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Genome Scale Biology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Patama T, Pukkala E. Small-area based smoothing method for cancer risk mapping. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2016; 19:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Aavikko M, Kaasinen E, Nieminen JK, Byun M, Donner I, Mancuso R, Ferrante P, Clerici M, Brambilla L, Tourlaki A, Sarid R, Guttman-Yassky E, Taipale M, Morgunova E, Pekkonen P, Ojala PM, Pukkala E, Casanova JL, Vaarala O, Vahteristo P, Aaltonen LA. Whole-Genome Sequencing Identifies STAT4 as a Putative Susceptibility Gene in Classic Kaposi Sarcoma. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1842-51. [PMID: 25492914 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classic Kaposi sarcoma (cKS) is an inflammatory tumor caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) commonly observed in elderly men of Mediterranean origin. We studied a Finnish family of 5 affected individuals in 2 generations. Except for atypical mycobacterial infection of the index case, the affected individuals did not have notable histories of infection. METHODS We performed genome and exome sequencing and mapped shared chromosomal regions to identify genetic predisposition in the family. RESULTS We identified 12 protein-coding candidate variants that segregated in the 3 affected cousins from whom we had samples. The affected mother of the index case was an obligatory carrier. Among the 12 candidates was a rare heterozygous substitution rs141331848 (c.1337C>T, p.Thr446Ile) in the DNA-binding domain of STAT4. The variant was not present in 242 Finnish control genomes or 180 additional regional controls. Activated T-helper cells from the HHV-8-negative variant carriers showed reduced interferon γ production, compared with age and sex matched wild-type individuals. We screened STAT4 in additional 18 familial KS cases and the variant site from 56 sporadic KS cases but detected no pathogenic mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that STAT4 is a potential cKS-predisposition gene, but further functional and genetic validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical Genetics Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit
| | - Eevi Kaasinen
- Department of Medical Genetics Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit
| | - Janne K Nieminen
- Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare
| | - Minji Byun
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Iikki Donner
- Department of Medical Genetics Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit
| | | | | | - Mario Clerici
- Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, ONLUS Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan
| | - Lucia Brambilla
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Athanasia Tourlaki
- Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ronit Sarid
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology Immunology Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center at Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Minna Taipale
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit Science for Life Center Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Morgunova
- Science for Life Center Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pirita Pekkonen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki
| | - Päivi M Ojala
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki Finnish Cancer Institute
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University Howard Hughes Medical Institute Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Hospital School for Sick Children Imagine Institute, University Paris Descartes, France
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Immune Response Unit, Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Department of Medical Genetics Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical Genetics Genome-Scale Biology Research Programs Unit
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Murahwa AT, Muchemwa FC, Duri K, Borok MZ, Kanyera RB, Manhanzva MT, Mapingure MP, Stray-Pedersen B. Presence of Betapapillomavirus in Kaposi sarcoma lesions. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1556-9. [PMID: 24706580 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human herpes virus 8 (HHV 8) is recognized as the necessary cause of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and in the recent past the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to the development of cutaneous basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas. In a cross sectional study investigating Beta-HPV infections in skin lesions, an unexpected occurrence of HPV DNA was found in KS lesions of HIV infected individuals. Of the 18 KS cases included in the study 16 (89%) had HPV DNA detected. The most common Betapapillomavirus types were HPV14 [15 cases (83.3%)], HPV12 [8 cases (44.4%)], and HPV24 [7 cases (39%)]. Multiple Beta-HPV types were detected in 10 (62.5%) of the participants with HPV DNA positive lesions; of these 7 had a CD4+ count below 350 cells/µl and 3 had CD4+ counts above 350 cells/µl. The presence of Beta-HPV DNA in KS lesions is a newly described phenomenon. Further studies to elucidate the role of Beta-HPV in KS need to be conducted as it is possible that HHV 8 may not be the solitary viral carcinogen in KS tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alltalents T Murahwa
- Department of Immunology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
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