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Danilov SM, Adzhubei IA, Kozuch AJ, Petukhov PA, Popova IA, Choudhury A, Sengupta D, Dudek SM. Carriers of Heterozygous Loss-of-Function ACE Mutations Are at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:162. [PMID: 38255267 PMCID: PMC10813023 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that subjects with heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) ACE mutations are at risk for Alzheimer's disease because amyloid Aβ42, a primary component of the protein aggregates that accumulate in the brains of AD patients, is cleaved by ACE (angiotensin I-converting enzyme). Thus, decreased ACE activity in the brain, either due to genetic mutation or the effects of ACE inhibitors, could be a risk factor for AD. To explore this hypothesis in the current study, existing SNP databases were analyzed for LoF ACE mutations using four predicting tools, including PolyPhen-2, and compared with the topology of known ACE mutations already associated with AD. The combined frequency of >400 of these LoF-damaging ACE mutations in the general population is quite significant-up to 5%-comparable to the frequency of AD in the population > 70 y.o., which indicates that the contribution of low ACE in the development of AD could be under appreciated. Our analysis suggests several mechanisms by which ACE mutations may be associated with Alzheimer's disease. Systematic analysis of blood ACE levels in patients with all ACE mutations is likely to have clinical significance because available sequencing data will help detect persons with increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Patients with transport-deficient ACE mutations (about 20% of damaging ACE mutations) may benefit from preventive or therapeutic treatment with a combination of chemical and pharmacological (e.g., centrally acting ACE inhibitors) chaperones and proteosome inhibitors to restore impaired surface ACE expression, as was shown previously by our group for another transport-deficient ACE mutation-Q1069R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Ivan A. Adzhubei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Alexander J. Kozuch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Pavel A. Petukhov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Isolda A. Popova
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Dhriti Sengupta
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
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Faustine I, Marteka D, Malik A, Supriyanto E, Syafhan NF. Genotype variation of ACE and ACE2 genes affects the severity of COVID-19 patients. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:194. [PMID: 37667339 PMCID: PMC10478384 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic polymorphisms in ACE and ACE2 genes are involved in the RAS regulation of blood pressure and their activity may confer susceptibility to hypertension. In addition, they may play a role in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the severity of COVID-19. This study aims to determine the effect of genetic variations in the ACE (rs4331) and ACE2 (rs2074192) genes with hypertension comorbidity on the severity of COVID-19 in the Indonesian population. RESULT 186 patients were enrolled and assigned into the COVID-19 group (n = 95) and non-COVID-19 group (n = 91) in this cross-sectional study. GG genotype frequency was dominant in ACE gene, but there were no significant differences between the groups (p = 0.163). The two groups had a significant difference (p = 0.000) for the CC genotype frequency (0,37 vs. 0.01) in the ACE2 gene. The proportion of women with COVID-19 is higher (51%), but men with hypertension had more severe symptoms (44%). Men with hypertension comorbidity, GG (ACE), and TT (ACE2) genotypes tended to have moderate-to-severe symptoms (25%). Similarly, women with hypertension as well as GG and CT genotypes tended to have moderate-to-severe symptoms (21%). We conclude that hypertension and mutations in the ACE (rs4331) and ACE2 (rs2074192) genes affect the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Faustine
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu, 94148, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Deli Marteka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Amarila Malik
- Division of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Health Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, 81310, Malaysia
| | - Nadia F Syafhan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Jl. Prof. Dr. Bahder Djohan, Pondok Cina, Depok, 16424, West Java, Indonesia
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Wang L, Song TT, Dong CW. Association between Interactions among ACE Gene Polymorphisms and Essential Hypertension in Patients in the Hefei Region, Anhui, China. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2023; 2023:1159973. [PMID: 37091860 PMCID: PMC10118893 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1159973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Essential hypertension (EH) is a common cardiovascular disease that endangers human health. Its pathogenesis is complex and has not been fully elucidated. We explore the association between EH and interactions among polymorphisms of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene in the Hefei region, Anhui, China. Methods A total of 500 participants (400 hypertensive and 100 normotensive) were included in this study. The polymorphisms were detected via improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). To improve the accuracy of prediction, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the overall effect of interactions among seven loci on the incidence of EH. Results The frequencies of polymorphisms in the ACE genes rs12709426, rs4291, rs4309, rs4331, rs4343, rs4459609, and rs4461142 in the EH group were not statistically significantly different from those in the control group. We also found that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12709426 only had a homozygous AA genotype and no polymorphisms. There were no differences in the frequency of genetic polymorphisms between the EH and control groups. The best model explaining the EH group was the combined effect of ACE genes rs4291, rs4309, and rs4461142. Conclusion There is an interaction effect among ACE gene loci in EH patients in Hefei region, Anhui, China. Also, the ACE gene SNP rs12709426 only has a homozygous AA genotype and does not show an association with EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ting-ting Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chang-wu Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Hefei 230061, China
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Kim JH, Yee J, Chang BC, Gwak HS. Gene Polymorphisms of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Bleeding Complications of Warfarin: Genetic-Based Machine Learning Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080824. [PMID: 34451921 PMCID: PMC8400908 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of genetic variants and haplotypes in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) on the risk of warfarin-induced bleeding complications at therapeutic international normalized ratios (INRs). Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AGT, two SNPs of REN, three SNPs of ACE, four SNPs of AGTR1, and one SNP of AGTR2, in addition to VKORC1 and CYP2C9 variants, were investigated. We utilized logistic regression and several machine learning methods for bleeding prediction. The study included 142 patients, among whom 21 experienced bleeding complications. We identified a haplotype, H2 (TCG), carrying three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ACE (rs1800764, rs4341, and rs4353), which showed a significant relation with bleeding complications. After adjusting covariates, patients with H2/H2 experienced a 0.12-fold (95% CI 0.02–0.99) higher risk of bleeding complications than the others. In addition, G allele carriers of AGT rs5050 and A allele carriers of AGTR1 rs2640543 had 5.0- (95% CI 1.8–14.1) and 3.2-fold (95% CI 1.1–8.9) increased risk of bleeding complications compared with the TT genotype and GG genotype carriers, respectively. The AUROC values (mean, 95% CI) across 10 random iterations using five-fold cross-validated multivariate logistic regression, elastic net, random forest, support vector machine (SVM)–linear kernel, and SVM–radial kernel models were 0.732 (0.694–0.771), 0.741 (0.612–0.870), 0.723 (0.589–0.857), 0.673 (0.517–0.828), and 0.680 (0.528–0.832), respectively. The highest quartile group (≥75th percentile) of weighted risk score had approximately 12.0 times (95% CI 3.1–46.7) increased risk of bleeding, compared to the 25–75th percentile group, respectively. This study demonstrated that RAS-related polymorphisms, including the H2 haplotype of the ACE gene, could affect bleeding complications during warfarin treatment for patients with mechanical heart valves. Our results could be used to develop individually tailored intervention strategies to prevent warfarin-induced bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Jeong Yee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Byung-Chul Chang
- Bundang CHA Medical Center, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, CHA University, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13496, Korea;
- Yonsei University Medical Center, Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Gwak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3277-4376; Fax: +82-2-3277-2851
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Schwartzentruber J, Cooper S, Liu JZ, Barrio-Hernandez I, Bello E, Kumasaka N, Young AMH, Franklin RJM, Johnson T, Estrada K, Gaffney DJ, Beltrao P, Bassett A. Genome-wide meta-analysis, fine-mapping and integrative prioritization implicate new Alzheimer's disease risk genes. Nat Genet 2021; 53:392-402. [PMID: 33589840 PMCID: PMC7610386 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00776-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have discovered numerous genomic loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD); yet the causal genes and variants are incompletely identified. We performed an updated genome-wide AD meta-analysis, which identified 37 risk loci, including new associations near CCDC6, TSPAN14, NCK2 and SPRED2. Using three SNP-level fine-mapping methods, we identified 21 SNPs with >50% probability each of being causally involved in AD risk and others strongly suggested by functional annotation. We followed this with colocalization analyses across 109 gene expression quantitative trait loci datasets and prioritization of genes by using protein interaction networks and tissue-specific expression. Combining this information into a quantitative score, we found that evidence converged on likely causal genes, including the above four genes, and those at previously discovered AD loci, including BIN1, APH1B, PTK2B, PILRA and CASS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Schwartzentruber
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sarah Cooper
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Inigo Barrio-Hernandez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erica Bello
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Adam M H Young
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Toby Johnson
- Target Sciences-R&D, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Daniel J Gaffney
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Genomics Plc, Oxford, UK
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Bassett
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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Bártová E, Legartová S, Krejčí J, Arcidiacono OA. Cell differentiation and aging accompanied by depletion of the ACE2 protein. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22495-22508. [PMID: 33203793 PMCID: PMC7746349 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ACE2 was observed as the cell surface receptor of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Interestingly, we also found ACE2 positivity inside the cell nucleus. The ACE2 levels changed during cell differentiation and aging and varied in distinct cell types. We observed ACE2 depletion in the aortas of aging female mice, similarly, the aging caused ACE2 decrease in the kidneys. Compared with that in the heart, brain and kidneys, the ACE2 level was the lowest in the mouse lungs. In mice exposed to nicotine, ACE2 was not changed in olfactory bulbs but in the lungs, ACE2 was upregulated in females and downregulated in males. These observations indicate the distinct gender-dependent properties of ACE2. Differentiation into enterocytes, and cardiomyocytes, caused ACE2 depletion. The cardiomyogenesis was accompanied by renin upregulation, delayed in HDAC1-depleted cells. In contrast, vitamin D2 decreased the renin level while ACE2 was upregulated. Together, the ACE2 level is high in non-differentiated cells. This protein is more abundant in the tissues of mouse embryos and young mice in comparison with older animals. Mostly, downregulation of ACE2 is accompanied by renin upregulation. Thus, the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease should be further studied not only by considering the ACE2 level but also the whole renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Legartová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Krejčí
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
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de Oliveira FF, Berretta JM, de Almeida Junior GV, de Almeida SS, Chen ES, Smith MC, Bertolucci PHF. Pharmacogenetic analyses of variations of measures of cardiovascular risk in Alzheimer's dementia. Indian J Med Res 2020; 150:261-271. [PMID: 31719297 PMCID: PMC6886147 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1209_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Neurodegeneration affects blood pressure variations, while renal function and cerebral perfusion are impaired by vascular risk factors. This study was aimed to estimate variations of measures of cardiovascular risk in Alzheimer's dementia by pharmacogenetic analyses of the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and statins. Methods: Consecutive patients were prospectively followed to study variations of creatinine clearance and blood pressure for one year, estimated by correlating the effects of ACE inhibitors with the ACE Alu I/D polymorphism and genotypes or haplotypes of rs1800764 or rs4291, and the effects of statins with LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) genotypes or haplotypes of rs11669576 (exon 8) or rs5930 (exon 10), or genotypes of rs2695121 (liver X receptor β gene). Variations of the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk according to these cardiovascular measures were also explored. Results: All polymorphisms of the 193 patients were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genetic determinants of cardiovascular effects affected the individual variability of the response to ACE inhibitors and statins. ACE inhibitors, but not statins, reduced blood pressure for all patients. ACE inhibitors protected carriers of alleles that supposedly decrease serum ACE levels (rs1800764-T, rs4291-A, Alu II) regarding creatinine clearance variations (P<0.005), but carriers of Alu DD (P<0.02), rs1800764-C (P<0.05), or rs4291-AT (P<0.04) showed better blood pressure lowering effects. The presence of rs2695121-T (P=0.007) or rs5930-A (P=0.039) was associated with systolic blood pressure lowering, whereas rs5930-AA was protective against decrease in creatinine clearance (P=0.019). Statins lowered creatinine clearance for carriers of rs2695121-CT (P=0.026). Interpretation & conclusions: Pharmacological response of blood pressure and creatinine clearance to ACE inhibitors and statins may be genetically mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Ferreira de Oliveira
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marília Berretta
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Soares de Almeida
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Suchi Chen
- Department of Morphology & Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia Cardoso Smith
- Department of Morphology & Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Danilov SM, Tikhomirova VE, Kryukova OV, Balatsky AV, Bulaeva NI, Golukhova EZ, Bokeria LA, Samokhodskaya LM, Kost OA. Conformational fingerprint of blood and tissue ACEs: Personalized approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209861. [PMID: 30589901 PMCID: PMC6307727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pattern of binding of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to 18 epitopes on human angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)–“conformational fingerprint of ACE”–is a sensitive marker of subtle conformational changes of ACE due to mutations, different glycosylation in various cells, the presence of ACE inhibitors and specific effectors, etc. Methodology/Principal findings We described in detail the methodology of the conformational fingerprinting of human blood and tissue ACEs that allows detecting differences in surface topography of ACE from different tissues, as well detecting inter-individual differences. Besides, we compared the sensitivity of the detection of ACE inhibitors in the patient’s plasma using conformational fingerprinting of ACE (with only 2 mAbs to ACE, 1G12 and 9B9) and already accepted kinetic assay and demonstrated that the mAbs-based assay is an order of magnitude more sensitive. This approach is also very effective in detection of known (like bilirubin and lysozyme) and still unknown ACE effectors/inhibitors which nature and set could vary in different tissues or different patients. Conclusions/Significance Phenotyping of ACE (and conformational fingerprinting of ACE as a part of this novel approach for characterization of ACE) in individuals really became informative and clinically relevant. Appreciation (and counting on) of inter-individual differences in ACE conformation and accompanying effectors make the application of this approach for future personalized medicine with ACE inhibitors more accurate. This (or similar) methodology can be applied to any enzyme/protein for which there is a number of mAbs to its different epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Medical Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Victoria E. Tikhomirova
- Chemistry Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
- Bakulev Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Kryukova
- Chemistry Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
- Bakulev Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Leo A. Bokeria
- Bakulev Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga A. Kost
- Chemistry Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
- Bakulev Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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Fuller KC, McCarty C, Seaborn C, Gravlee CC, Mulligan CJ. ACE gene haplotypes and social networks: Using a biocultural framework to investigate blood pressure variation in African Americans. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204127. [PMID: 30226856 PMCID: PMC6143246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deaths due to hypertension in the US are highest among African Americans, who have a higher prevalence of hypertension and more severe hypertensive symptoms. Research indicates that there are both genetic and sociocultural risk factors for hypertension. Racial disparities in hypertension also likely involve genetic and sociocultural factors, but the factors may interact and manifest differently across racial groups. Here we use a biocultural approach to integrate genetic and social network data to better understand variation in blood pressure. We assay genetic variation at the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene (ACE) and analyze social network composition and structure in African Americans living in Tallahassee, FL (n = 138). We demonstrate that models including both genetic and social network data explain significantly more variation in blood pressure and have better model diagnostics than do models including only one datatype. Specifically, optimal models for systolic and diastolic blood pressure explain a notable 35% and 21%, respectively, of blood pressure variation. Analysis of the social networks reveals that individuals whose networks are dominated by family connections and are more fragmented have higher blood pressure. Historically, family support has been associated with better mental and physical health, but our results suggest that those family connections can also take a toll on health. These findings raise compelling questions regarding the roles of genetics, family, and social environment in hypertension in the African American community and suggest that interactions among these factors may help explain racial disparities in hypertension more accurately than any of the factors alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia C. Fuller
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christopher McCarty
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Bureau of Economic and Business Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Seaborn
- Clinical Programs Center for Health Equity, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Clarence C. Gravlee
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Connie J. Mulligan
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161754. [PMID: 27657933 PMCID: PMC5033346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphisms and the risks of knee osteoarthritis (OA) have yielded conflicting results. Objective To determine the association between ACE I/D and knee OA, we conducted a combined case-control study and meta-analysis. Methods For the case-control study, 447 knee OA cases and 423 healthy controls were recruited between March 2010 and July 2011. Knee OA cases were defined using the Kellgren-Lawrence grading system, and the ACE I/D genotype was determined using a standard polymerase chain reaction. The association between ACE I/D and knee OA was detected using allele, genotype, dominant, and recessive models. For the meta-analysis, PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for prospective observational studies published up until August 2015. Studies of ACE I/D and knee OA with sufficient data were selected. Pooled results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the D versus I allele with regard to knee OA risk. Results We found no significant association between the D allele and knee OA [OR: 1.09 (95% CI: 0.76–1.89)] in the present case-control study, and the results of other genetic models were also nonsignificant. Five current studies were included, and there were a total of six study populations after including our case-control study (1165 cases and 1029 controls). In the meta-analysis, the allele model also yielded nonsignificant results [OR: 1.37 (95% CI: 0.95–1.99)] and a high heterogeneity (I2: 87.2%). Conclusions The association between ACE I/D and knee OA tended to yield negative results. High heterogeneity suggests a complex, multifactorial mechanism, and an epistasis analysis of ACE I/D and knee OA should therefore be conducted.
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Ferreira de Oliveira F, Berretta JM, Suchi Chen E, Cardoso Smith M, Ferreira Bertolucci PH. Pharmacogenetic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors over age-related urea and creatinine variations in patients with dementia due to Alzheimer disease. Colomb Med (Cali) 2016; 47:76-80. [PMID: 27546928 PMCID: PMC4975126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal function declines according to age and vascular risk factors, whereas few data are available regarding genetically-mediated effects of anti-hypertensives over renal function. OBJECTIVE To estimate urea and creatinine variations in dementia due to Alzheimer disease (AD) by way of a pharmacogenetic analysis of the anti-hypertensive effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis). METHODS Consecutive outpatients older than 60 years-old with AD and no history of kidney transplant or dialytic therapy were recruited for prospective correlations regarding variations in fasting blood levels of urea and creatinine in one year, considering ACE genotypes of rs1800764 and rs4291 and their respective haplotypes, and treatment with ACEis along with blood pressure variations. RESULTS For 190 patients, 152 had arterial hypertension, and 122 used ACEis. Minor allele frequencies were 0.492 for rs1800764-C and 0.337 for rs4291-T, both in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. There were no overall significant yearly variations in levels of urea and creatinine, but their concurrent variations were positively correlated (ρ <0.0001). Each A allele of rs4291 led to an yearly urea increase of 3,074 mg/dL, and an yearly creatinine increase of 0.044 mg/dL, while the use of ACEis was protective regarding creatinine variations. The use of ACEis was also protective for carriers of rs1800764-CT/rs4291-AA, while carriers of rs1800764-CT/rs4291-AT had steeper reductions in creatinine levels, particularly when they were treated with ACEis. CONCLUSIONS Effects of ACEis over creatinine variations are genetically mediated and independent of blood pressure variations in older people with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Ferreira de Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Marília Berretta
- Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Suchi Chen
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia Cardoso Smith
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Nelveg-Kristensen KE, Busk Madsen M, Torp-Pedersen C, Køber L, Egfjord M, Berg Rasmussen H, Riis Hansen P. Pharmacogenetic Risk Stratification in Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Treated Patients with Congestive Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144195. [PMID: 26633885 PMCID: PMC4669156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence for pharmacogenetic risk stratification of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) treatment is limited. Therefore, in a cohort of ACEI-treated patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), we investigated the predictive value of two pharmacogenetic scores that previously were found to predict ACEI efficacy in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertension, respectively. Score A combined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the angiotensin II receptor type 1 gene (rs275651 and rs5182) and the bradykinin receptor B1 gene (rs12050217). Score B combined SNPs of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (rs4343) and ABO blood group genes (rs495828 and rs8176746). Methods Danish patients with CHF enrolled in the previously reported Echocardiography and Heart Outcome Study were included. Subjects were genotyped and categorized according to pharmacogenetic scores A and B of ≤1, 2 and ≥3 each, and followed for up to 10 years. Difference in cumulative incidences of cardiovascular death and all-cause death were assessed by the cumulative incidence estimator. Survival was modeled by Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results We included 667 patients, of whom 80% were treated with ACEIs. Differences in cumulative incidences of cardiovascular death (P = 0.346 and P = 0.486) and all-cause death (P = 0.515 and P = 0.486) were not significant for score A and B, respectively. There was no difference in risk of cardiovascular death or all-cause death between subjects with score A ≤1 vs. 2 (HR 1.03 [95% CI 0.79–1.34] and HR 1.11 [95% CI 0.88–1.42]), score A ≤1 vs. ≥3 (HR 0.80 [95% CI 0.59–1.08] and HR 0.91 [95% CI 0.70–1.20]), score B ≤1 vs. 2 (HR 1.02 [95% CI 0.78–1.32] and HR 0.98 [95% CI 0.77–1.24]), and score B ≤1 vs. ≥3 (HR 1.03 [95% CI 0.75–1.41] and HR 1.05 [95% CI 0.79–1.40]), respectively. Conclusions We found no association between either of the analyzed pharmacogenetic scores and fatal outcomes in ACEI-treated patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majbritt Busk Madsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Køber
- The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Egfjord
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Berg Rasmussen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Riis Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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Hui L, Wu JQ, Ye MJ, Zheng K, He JC, Zhang X, Liu JH, Tian HJ, Gong BH, Chen DC, Lv MH, Soares JC, Zhang XY. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with schizophrenia and depressive symptom severity in a Chinese population. Hum Psychopharmacol 2015; 30:100-7. [PMID: 25694211 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are frequently observed in schizophrenia patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key enzyme of renin-angiotensin system, can catalyze the degradation of neuropeptides and modulate dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Previous studies have revealed the association of the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with depressive disorder and its treatment response but not with the depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine whether this polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia and with its psychopathological symptoms, especially depressive symptoms in a Han Chinese population. METHODS This polymorphism was genotyped in 382 chronic patients and 538 healthy controls. Psychopathology was characterised using the positive and negative syndrome scale. RESULTS The allelic and genotypic frequencies of this polymorphism significantly differed between patients and controls (both p < 0.001). A significant difference in the positive and negative syndrome scale depressive symptom score was observed among the three genotypes (p < 0.03), with higher score in patients with insertion/insertion (I/I) than with deletion/deletion (D/D) genotypes (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant linear correlation between the number of I alleles and the depressive symptom score (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism may play a role in susceptibility to schizophrenia and also in its depressive symptom severity in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hui
- Institute of Kangning Mental Health, Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Phukan RK, Borah PK, Saikia BJ, Das M, Sekhon GS, Mahanta J. Interaction of Tobacco Smoking and Chewing with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (Insertion/Deletion) Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Lung Cancer in a High Risk Area from Northeast India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10691-5. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.24.10691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Al-Harbi KM, Almuzaini IS, Morsy MM, Abdelaziz NA, Al-Balawi AM, Abdallah AM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism in Saudi patients with rheumatic heart disease. Saudi Med J 2015; 36:176-80. [PMID: 25719581 PMCID: PMC4375694 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.2.10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Saudi patients. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in Saudi RHD patients. Genomic DNA was isolated from 99 RHD patients attending the Pediatric Cardiology Clinic at the Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia from March 2013 to June 2014, and from 145 age- and gender-matched controls. Patient clinical records were reviewed to report major and minor modified Jones' criteria for diagnosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography. The ACE I/D polymorphism was identified by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A significant difference in ACE D allele carriage (DD+ID) distribution between RHD cases and controls was identified (p=0.02, odds ratio = 3.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-10.8). The D allele carriage was significantly associated with development of mitral valve lesions alone (p=0.03). CONCLUSION The ACE I/D polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of RHD in the Saudi population. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Al-Harbi
- Cardiogenetics Unit, Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Association between Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Open Med (Wars) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-013-0330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractKikuchi-Fujimoto disease is a rare histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis that affects typically young women causing fever and painful laterocervical lymphadenopathy. The etiology is unknown, but several viral infections and autoimmune diseases have been related with the disease. Bacterial infections are less frequent. Diagnosis needs for excisional lymph node biopsy that shows paracortical areas of coagulative necrosis with abundant debris, distortion of the nodal architecture, and a large amount of histiocytes at the margins of the necrotic areas. There is no specific treatment for the disease. We present the case of a young woman with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease associated with lower respiratory tract infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae and review the literature.
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Wang Z, Wang P, Wang X, He X, Wang Z, Xu D, Hu J, Wang B. Significant association between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and risk of recurrent miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism 2013; 62:1227-38. [PMID: 23850180 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and risk of recurrent miscarriage, but the impact is unclear due to inconsistencies among those studies. This study aimed to quantify the strength of the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage risk by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Wanfang Medicine databases for eligible articles relating the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and risk of recurrent miscarriage in humans. We estimated the summary odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to assess the association. RESULTS Eleven studies with a total of 3357 individuals were included in this meta-analysis. Compared to the ACE II genotype, DD and ID were both associated with increased risk of recurrent miscarriage (OR DD versus II=1.81, 95% CI 1.23-2.66, P=0.003; OR ID versus II=1.50, 95% CI 1.25-1.80, P<0.001). Sensitivity analyses further confirmed the association above. No evidence of publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION Meta-analyses of available data show a significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage risk, and the ACE polymorphic D allele contributes to increased risk of recurrent miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Weifang, Weifang 261011, China
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