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Jasemi SV, Khazaei H, Morovati MR, Joshi T, Aneva IY, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Phytochemicals as treatment for allergic asthma: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155149. [PMID: 37890444 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease caused by the immune system's reaction to allergens, inflammation and narrowing of the airways, and the production of more than normal mucus. One of the main reasons is an increased production of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs that leads to the appearance of symptoms of asthma, including inflammation and shortness of breath. On the other hand, it has been proven that phytochemicals with their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties can be useful in improving allergic asthma. PURPOSE Common chemical treatments for allergic asthma include corticosteroids, which have many side effects and temporarily relieve symptoms but are not a cure. Therefore, taking the help of natural compounds to improve the quality of life of asthmatic patients can be a valuable issue that has been evaluated in the present review. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, three databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane) with the keywords: allergic asthma, phytochemical, plant, and herb were evaluated. The primary result was 5307 articles. Non-English, repetitive, and review articles were deleted from the study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Finally, after carefully reading the articles, 102 were included in the study (2006-2022). The results of this review state that phytochemicals suppress the inflammatory pathways via inhibition of inflammatory cytokines production/secretion, genes, and proteins involved in the inflammation process, reducing oxidative stress indicators and symptoms of allergic asthma, such as cough and mucus production in the lungs. CONCLUSION With their antioxidant effects, this study concluded that phytochemicals suppress cytokines and other inflammatory indicators and thus can be considered an adjunctive treatment for improving allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Vahid Jasemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Morovati
- Persian Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714869914, Iran
| | - Tanuj Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhimtal, Kumaun University (Nainital), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ina Yosifova Aneva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Kim MH, Bae CS, Bok SH, Choi HS, Ahn T, Cho SS, Park DH. Drug Development from Natural Products Based on the Pathogenic Mechanism of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12469. [PMID: 37569846 PMCID: PMC10419019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pulmonary system associated with many wheeze-to-sleep apnea complications that may lead to death. In 2019, approximately 262 million patients suffered from asthma, and 455 thousand died from the disease worldwide. It is a more severe health problem in children and older adults, and as the aging of society intensifies, the problem will continue to worsen. Asthma inducers can be classified as indoor and outdoor allergens and can cause asthma due to their repeated invasion. There are several theories about asthma occurrence, such as the imbalance between Th1 and Th2, inflammation in the pulmonary system, and the abnormal apoptosis/cell proliferation of cells related to asthma. Although there are many medications for asthma, as it is an incurable disease, the purpose of the drugs is only to suppress the symptoms. The current drugs can be divided into relievers and controllers; however, as they have many adverse effects, such as immune suppression, growth retardation, promotion of cataracts, hyperactivity, and convulsions, developing new asthma drugs is necessary. Although natural products can have adverse effects, the development of asthma drugs from natural products may be beneficial, as some have anti-asthmatic effects such as immune modulation, anti-inflammation, and/or apoptosis modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Kim
- Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (C.-S.B.); (T.A.)
| | - So-Hyeon Bok
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyo-Seung Choi
- Department of Digital Contents, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea;
| | - Taeho Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (C.-S.B.); (T.A.)
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
- Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea;
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Yuandani, Jantan I, Haque MA, Rohani AS, Nugraha SE, Salim E, Septama AW, Juwita NA, Khairunnisa NA, Nasution HR, Utami DS, Ibrahim S. Immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of the extracts and secondary compounds of Zingiber and Alpinia species: a review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1222195. [PMID: 37533631 PMCID: PMC10391552 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1222195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zingiber and Alpinia species (family: Zingiberaceae) are popularly used in food as spices and flavoring agents and in ethnomedicine to heal numerous diseases, including immune-related disorders. However, their ethnomedicinal uses have not been sufficiently supported by scientific investigations. Numerous studies on the modulating effects of plants and their bioactive compounds on the different steps of the immune system have been documented. This review aimed to highlight up-to-date research findings and critically analyze the modulatory effects and mechanisms of the extracts and secondary compounds of several Zingiber and Alpinia species, namely, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Z. cassumunar Roxb., Z. zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm., Alpinia galanga Linn., A. conchigera Griff, A. katsumadai Hayata, A. oxyphylla Miq., A. officinarum Hance, A. zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith, and A. purpurata (Viell.) K. Schum. on the immune system, particularly via the inflammation-related signaling pathways. The immunomodulating activities of the crude extracts of the plants have been reported, but the constituents contributing to the activities have mostly not been identified. Among the extracts, Z. officinale extracts were the most investigated for their in vitro, in vivo, and clinical effects on the immune system. Among the bioactive metabolites, 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerols, 6-shogaol, and zerumbone from Zingiber species and cardamomin, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, yakuchinone, rutin, 1,8-cineole, and lectin from Alpinia species have demonstrated strong immunomodulating effects. More experimental studies using cell and animal models of immune-related disorders are necessary to further understand the underlying mechanisms, together with elaborate preclinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, and toxicity studies. Many of these extracts and secondary metabolites are potential candidates for clinical development in immunomodulating agents or functional foods to prevent and treat chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
- Centre of Excellence for Chitosan and Advanced Materials, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md. Areeful Haque
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ade Sri Rohani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Sony Eka Nugraha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Emil Salim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Nur Aira Juwita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Dinda Sari Utami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Sarah Ibrahim
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wang Y, Su X, Yin Y, Wang Q. Identification and Analysis of Necroptosis-Related Genes in COPD by Bioinformatics and Experimental Verification. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030482. [PMID: 36979417 PMCID: PMC10046193 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous and complex progressive inflammatory disease. Necroptosis is a newly identified type of programmed cell death. However, the role of necroptosis in COPD is unclear. This study aimed to identify necroptosis-related genes in COPD and explore the roles of necroptosis and immune infiltration through bioinformatics. The analysis identified 49 differentially expressed necroptosis-related genes that were primarily engaged in inflammatory immune response pathways. The infiltration of CD8+ T cells and M2 macrophages in COPD lung tissue was relatively reduced, whereas that of M0 macrophages was increased. We identified 10 necroptosis-related hub genes significantly associated with infiltrated immune cells. Furthermore, 7 hub genes, CASP8, IL1B, RIPK1, MLKL, XIAP, TNFRSF1A, and CFLAR, were validated using an external dataset and experimental mice. CFLAR was considered to have the best COPD-diagnosing capability. TF and miRNA interactions with common hub genes were identified. Several related potentially therapeutic molecules for COPD were also identified. The present findings suggest that necroptosis occurs in COPD pathogenesis and is correlated with immune cell infiltration, which indicates that necroptosis may participate in the development of COPD by interacting with the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (Q.W.)
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Ramanunny AK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Khursheed R, Paudel KR, Gupta S, Porwal O, Alshahrani SM, Jha NK, Chellappan DK, Prasher P, Gupta G, Adams J, Dua K, Tewari D, Singh SK. Journey of Alpinia galanga from kitchen spice to nutraceutical to folk medicine to nanomedicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 291:115144. [PMID: 35227783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHANOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd (AG), belonging to Zingiberaceae family is used as a spice and condiment in various culinary preparations of Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. It has been also used as a key ingredient in various traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of throat infection, asthma, urinary ailments, inflammation and rheumatism amongst other conditions. AG is widely used as a functional food and included in various preparations to obtain its nutraceutical and pharmacological benefits of its phytoconstituents such as phenyl propanoids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Over the past decades, several researchers have carried out systematic investigation on various parts of AG. Numerous studies on AG rhizomes have shown positive pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antipsoriasis, antiallergic, neuroprotective and thermogenesis. Till date, no comprehensive review summarizing the exploitation of AG into nanomedicine has been published. AIM OF THE REVIEW This comprehensive review aims to briefly discuss cultivation methods, propagation techniques, extraction processes for AG. The ethnopharmacological uses and pharmacological activities of AG extracts and its isolates are discussed in detail which may contribute well in further development of novel drug delivery system (NDDS) i.e. future nanomedicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information about AG was collected using search engine tools such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Google Patent, Web of Science and bibliographic databases of previously published peer-reviewed review articles and research works were explored. The obtained data sets were sequentially arranged for better understanding of AG's potential. RESULTS More advanced genetic engineering techniques have been utilized in cultivation and propagation of AG for obtaining better yield. Extraction, isolation and characterization techniques have reported numerous phytoconstituents which are chemically phenolic compounds (phenyl propanoids, flavonoids, chalcones, lignans) and terpenes. Ethnopharmacological uses and pharmacological activity of AG are explored in numerous ailments, their mechanism of action and its further potential to explore into novel drug delivery system are also highlighted. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights the importance of plant tissue culture in increasing the production of AG plantlets and rhizomes. It was understood from the review that AG and its phytoconstituents possess numerous pharmacological activities and have been explored for the treatment of cancer, microbial infection, gastrointestinal disorders, neuroprotective effects, obesity and skin disorders. However, the use of AG as alternative medicine is limited owing to poor solubility of its bioactive components and their instability. To overcome these challenges, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been utilized and found good success in overcoming its aforementioned challenges. Furthermore, efforts are required towards development of scalable, non-toxic and stable NDDS of AG and/or its bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheetu Wadhwa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Saad M Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No.32-34 Knowledge Park III Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Devesh Tewari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Sulistyowaty MI, Uyen NH, Suganuma K, Chitama BYA, Yahata K, Kaneko O, Sugimoto S, Yamano Y, Kawakami S, Otsuka H, Matsunami K. Six New Phenylpropanoid Derivatives from Chemically Converted Extract of Alpinia galanga (L.) and Their Antiparasitic Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:1756. [PMID: 33801067 PMCID: PMC8004034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical conversion of the extract of natural resources is a very attractive way to expand the chemical space to discover bioactive compounds. In order to search for new medicines to treat parasitic diseases that cause high morbidity and mortality in affected countries in the world, the ethyl acetate extract from the rhizome of Alpinia galanga (L.) has been chemically converted by epoxidation using dioxirane generated in situ. The biological activity of chemically converted extract (CCE) of A. galanga (L.) significantly increased the activity against Leishmania major up to 82.6 ± 6.2 % at 25 μg/mL (whereas 2.7 ± 0.8% for the original extract). By bioassay-guided fractionation, new phenylpropanoids (1-6) and four known compounds, hydroquinone (7), 4-hydroxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)methoxy)benzaldehyde (8), isocoumarin cis 4-hydroxymelein (9), and (2S,3S,6R,7R,9S,10S)-humulene triepoxide (10) were isolated from CCE. The structures of isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses of 1D and 2D NMR, IR, and MS spectra. The most active compound was hydroquinone (7) with IC50 = 0.37 ± 1.37 μg/mL as a substantial active principle of CCE. In addition, the new phenylpropanoid 2 (IC50 = 27.8 ± 0.34 μg/mL) also showed significant activity against L. major compared to the positive control miltefosine (IC50 = 7.47 ± 0.3 μg/mL). The activities of the isolated compounds were also evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei gambisense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodeisense. Interestingly, compound 2 was selectively active against trypanosomes with potent activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the bioactive "unnatural" natural products from the crude extract of A. galanga (L.) by chemical conversion and on its activities against causal pathogens of leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanny Ika Sulistyowaty
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (M.I.S.); (N.H.U.); (S.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Nguyen Hoang Uyen
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (M.I.S.); (N.H.U.); (S.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Ben-Yeddy Abel Chitama
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (B.-Y.A.C.); (K.Y.); (O.K.)
| | - Kazuhide Yahata
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (B.-Y.A.C.); (K.Y.); (O.K.)
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (B.-Y.A.C.); (K.Y.); (O.K.)
| | - Sachiko Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (M.I.S.); (N.H.U.); (S.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yoshi Yamano
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (M.I.S.); (N.H.U.); (S.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Susumu Kawakami
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (S.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Hideaki Otsuka
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women’s University, 6-13-1 Yasuhigashi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan; (S.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsunami
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (M.I.S.); (N.H.U.); (S.S.); (Y.Y.)
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Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R. An Evaluation of Traditional Persian Medicine for the Management of SARS-CoV-2. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:571434. [PMID: 33324206 PMCID: PMC7724033 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.571434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged and with it, a global investigation of new antiviral treatments and supportive care for organ failure due to this life-threatening viral infection. Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is one of the most ancient medical doctrines mostly known with the manuscripts of Avicenna and Rhazes. In this paper, we first introduce a series of medicinal plants that would potentially be beneficial in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection according to TPM textbooks. Then, we review medicinal plants based on the pharmacological studies obtained from electronic databases and discuss their mechanism of action in SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are several medicinal plants in TPM with cardiotonic, kidney tonic, and pulmonary tonic activities, protecting the lung, heart, and kidney, the three main vulnerable organs in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some medicinal plants can prevent "humor infection", a situation described in TPM which has similar features to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pharmacological evaluations are in line with the therapeutic activities of several plants mentioned in TPM, mostly through antiviral, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Amongst the primarily-introduced medicinal plants from TPM, rhubarb, licorice, garlic, saffron, galangal, and clove are the most studied plants and represent candidates for clinical studies. The antiviral compounds isolated from these plants provide novel molecular structures to design new semisynthetic antiviral agents. Future clinical studies in healthy volunteers as well as patients suffering from pulmonary infections are necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these plants as complementary and integrative interventions in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Roja Rahimi, ;
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Socheongryongtang Modulates Asthma-Related Changes via Modulation of TNF-α and T-bet as well as IFN-γ in an Asthma Murine Model. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 235 million people suffered from asthma, and that 383,000 deaths were due to asthma in 2015. Asthma cannot be completely eradicated and the medications for asthma are associated with many adverse effects. Socheongryongtang is one of the prescriptions which has traditionally been used for the treatment of pulmonary disease, but the anti-asthmatic mechanism is unclear. To investigate the anti-asthmatic mechanism of socheongryongtang, BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: control, asthma-induced control, dexamethasone treatment, and 150 mg/kg or 1500 mg/kg socheongryongtang treatment and several biomarkers were analyzed, such as white blood cell (WBC) and differential counts in broncheoalveolar fluid (BALF), immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum, and morphological changes/helper T cell-related cytokines/transcription factor in the lung. The therapeutic ingredients were also analyzed. Socheongryongtang inhibited the neutrophils differentiation in BALF, controlled interleukin (IL)-12p40 releasing, down-regulated not only GATA-3 and helper 2 T (Th2) cell transcription factors but also IL-4, and also decreased the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the lung. In addition, through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, we confirmed that the therapeutic ingredients in socheongryongtang were paeoniflorin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizin. The oral intake of 7.3 g of socheongryongtang is beneficial for suppressing the possibility of the occurrence of asthma via modulation of TNF-α and T-bet as well as IFN-γ.
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Kojima-Yuasa A, Matsui-Yuasa I. Pharmacological Effects of 1'-Acetoxychavicol Acetate, a Major Constituent in the Rhizomes of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia conchigera. J Med Food 2020; 23:465-475. [PMID: 32069429 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) is found in the rhizomes or seeds of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia conchigera, which are used as traditional spices in cooking and traditional medicines in Southeast Asia. ACA possesses numerous medicinal properties. Those include anticancer, antiobesity, antiallergy, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. ACA is also observed to exhibit antidementia activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that combining ACA with other substances results in synergistic anticancer effects. The structural factors that regulate the activity of ACA include (1) the acetyl group at position 1', (2) the acetyl group at position 4, and (3) the unsaturated double bond between positions 2' and 3'. ACA induces the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates the signal transduction pathways, and has an important role in the prevention of diseases, including cancer, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Such findings suggest that AMPK has a central role in different pharmacological functions of ACA, and ACA is useful for the prevention of life-threatening diseases. However, more studies should be performed to evaluate the clinical effects of ACA and to better understand its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kojima-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Macmoondongtang modulates Th1-/Th2-related cytokines and alleviates asthma in a murine model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224517. [PMID: 31790411 PMCID: PMC6886797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Macmoondongtang has been used as a traditional medicine to treat pulmonary disease in Korea. However, the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect has yet to be reported. In the present study, the role of macmoondongtang as a respiratory medicine, especially as an anti-asthmatic agent, has been attributed to the down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-4 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Materials & methods BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: control, asthma-induced control, dexamethasone treatment, treatment with 150 mg/kg macmoondongtang, and treatment with 1500 mg/kg macmoondongtang. To evaluate the anti-asthmatic effect of macmoondongtang, we investigated its suppressive or inhibitory effects against typical asthmatic changes such as differential cell count in bronchioalveolar fluid (BALF), serum IgE levels, lung morphology, expression of Th1/Th2 cell transcription factors such as T-bet and GATA-3, and Th1-/Th2-/Th17-related cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-12p40, IL-4, -5, -13, TNF-α, and IL-6. The active ingredients in macmoondongtang were further analyzed. Results Macmoondongtang treatment down-regulated serum IgE level, a very important marker of hyper-responsiveness. It reversed typical morphological changes such as mucous hypersecretion, lung epithelial cell hyperplasia, and inflammatory cell infiltration near bronchioalveolar space and veins. Macmoondongtang significantly decreased neutrophil count in BALF, as well as reduced T-bet, IFN-γ, and TNF-α expression in the lung. It also showed a dose-dependent control of inflammatory cells in BALF, controlled the expression of IL-12, IL-4, and IL-5 genes in the lung, and the protein expression of IL12p40, GATA-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. The component analysis revealed glycyrrhizin and liquiritin as the active ingredients. Conclusions Macmoondongtang treatment alleviates asthma symptoms and modulate the Th1-/Th2- related cytokines. Glycyrrhizin and liquiritin could be the major the active therapeutic components.
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Bok SH, Seo JH, Bae CS, Kang B, Cho SS, Park DH. Allium hookeri root extract regulates asthmatic changes through immunological modulation of Th1/Th2‑related factors in an ovalbumin‑induced asthma mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3215-3223. [PMID: 31432168 PMCID: PMC6755185 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2013, WHO estimated that approximately 235 million people suffered from asthma worldwide. Asthma is a hyper responsive disorder, which is related to an imbalance between the T-helper type 1 and 2 cells (henceforth, Th1 and Th2, respectively). Allium hookeri is a plant that is widely used for culinary purposes and also in traditional Asian medicine. The present study was conducted to elucidate the anti-asthmatic effects and mechanism of action of A. hookeri root extracts (AHRE) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model. The mice were divided into five groups, namely, the control, the OVA-treated group, the dexamethasone-treated group, the 30 mg/kg AHRE-treated group, and the 300 mg/kg AHRE-treated group. The total WBC count and the differential cell count in the bronchoalveolar fluid, the level of serum IgE, the histopathological changes in the lung, and changes in the cell surface molecules, the asthma-related cytokine levels, and Th cell transcription factors were evaluated. AHRE significantly ameliorated asthmatic changes, such as the total WBC count, eosinophil count, and the level of IgE; in addition, it reduced mucus hypersecretion, epithelial hyperplasia, and eosinophil infiltration in the lungs. AHRE significantly inhibited the expression of CD68+ cells and MHC class II+ molecules, Th1 cell transcription factor (T-bet) activation, Th2 cell transcription factor (GATA-3) activation, and TNF-α in the lung tissue. Furthermore, it suppressed cell surface molecules, such as CD4+and CD8+; Th1-related cytokines, such as IFN-γ and IL-12p40; Th2-related cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-5; and Th17-related cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, AHRE may be considered a promising anti-asthmatic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hyeon Bok
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bossng Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Guri, Gyunggi 11923, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
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12
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Acute and 28-day sub-acute intravenous toxicity studies of 1’-S-1′-acetoxychavicol acetate in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 356:204-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Lee SY, Bae CS, Seo JH, Cho SS, Bae MS, Oh DS, Park DH. Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii suppresses asthma via Th2 and Th1 cell regulation in an ovalbumin‑induced asthma mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:11-20. [PMID: 29115454 PMCID: PMC5780072 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease related to hyper‑responsiveness. The majority of patients suffer mild symptoms, however, some cases, especially in the young and the elderly, can lead to death by apnea. Mycoleptodonoides atichisonii (M. atichisonii) is an edible mushroom that has previously been reported to possess several bioactive properties, such as the synthesis of nerve growth factors, anti‑obesity effects and the ability to prevent cell death. In the current study, the authors evaluated the anti‑asthmatic effects of M. atichisonii using an ovalbumin‑induced asthma mouse model. M. atichisonii dose‑dependently suppressed the levels of white blood cells, eosinophils and immunoglobulin (Ig)E in BALB/c mice, resulting from ovalbumin‑induced asthma. M. atichisonii recovered the typical asthmatic morphological changes in lungs, such as mucous hyper‑secretion, epithelial layer hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration and various cell surface molecules, such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and major histocompatibility complex class II. With the exception of CD19+ cells and IL‑12p40, M. atichisonii affected almost all factors related to asthma induction including the T helper (Th)1/Th2 transcription factors, T‑bet and GATA‑3, Th1‑related cytokines, Th2‑related cytokines and proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, M. atichisonii significantly inhibited the expression of IL‑5, IL‑13 and IL‑6. The authors concluded that M. atichisonii may be a promising drug candidate against asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Young Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam‑do 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam‑do 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeollanam‑do 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Bae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeollanam‑do 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Deuk-Sil Oh
- Jeollanam‑do Wando Arboretum, Wando, Jeollanam‑do 59105, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam‑do 58245, Republic of Korea
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14
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Baradwaj R, Rao M, Senthil Kumar T. Novel purification of 1’S-1’-Acetoxychavicol acetate from Alpinia galanga and its cytotoxic plus antiproliferative activity in colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line SW480. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:485-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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15
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Seo JH, Bang MA, Kim G, Cho SS, Park DH. Erythronium japonicum attenuates histopathological lung abnormalities in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:1221-8. [PMID: 27035741 PMCID: PMC4829136 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic lung condition that can induce mucus hypersecretion and pulmonary obstruction and may even cause death, particularly in children and older individuals. Erythronium japonicum (E. japonicum) is a traditional herb used in Korea and East Asian countries that has been found to exert free radical scavenging activity and anti-proliferative effects in human colorectal carcinoma cells. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-asthmatic effects of an extract of E. japonicum in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized with an intraperitoneal injection of OVA and aluminum hydroxide hydrate on days 1 and 8 and then received the following treatments on days 21 to 25: i) control (no treatment), ii) sterilized tap water (given orally), iii) 1 mg/kg/day dexamethasone (administered orally), iv) 60 mg/kg/day E. japonicum extract, and v) 600 mg/kg/day E. japonicum extract. On the same days, all the mice except those in the control group were challenged 1 h later with nebulized 5% OVA for 30 min. We found that treatment with E. japonicum extract suppressed the OVA-induced increase in the number of white blood cells and decreased the IgE level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained from the mice. Histopathological analysis of the lung tissues revealed that E. japonicum attenuated the asthma-related morphological changes in the mouse lung tissue, including the increased secretion of mucus in the bronchioles, eosinophil infiltration around the bronchioles and vessels, and goblet cell and epithelial cell hyperplasia. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that treatment with E. japonicum extract suppressed the OVA-induced proliferation of T helper cells (CD4+) and B cells (CD19+) in the mouse lung tissue. Furthermore, treatment with E. japonicum extract modulated the expression of both T helper 2 cell-related factors [GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13], as well as that of T helper 1 cell-related factors [(interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-12p35 and IL-12p40]. These findings suggest that E. japonicum may potentially be used as an anti-asthmatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Bang
- R&D Team, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Food Research Institute (JBF-FRI), Naju, Jeonnam 58275, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeyeop Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Mokpo, Jeonnam 588554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hun Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
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Mihara S, Shibamoto T. The role of flavor and fragrance chemicals in TRPA1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1) activity associated with allergies. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2015; 11:11. [PMID: 25897313 PMCID: PMC4404258 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-015-0074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPA1 has been proposed to be associated with diverse sensory allergic reactions, including thermal (cold) nociception, hearing and allergic inflammatory conditions. Some naturally occurring compounds are known to activate TRPA1 by forming a Michael addition product with a cysteine residue of TRPA1 through covalent protein modification and, in consequence, to cause allergic reactions. The anti-allergic property of TRPA1 agonists may be due to the activation and subsequent desensitization of TRPA1 expressed in sensory neurons. In this review, naturally occurring TRPA1 antagonists, such as camphor, 1,8-cineole, menthol, borneol, fenchyl alcohol and 2-methylisoborneol, and TRPA1 agonists, including thymol, carvacrol, 1'S-1'- acetoxychavicol acetate, cinnamaldehyde, α-n-hexyl cinnamic aldehyde and thymoquinone as well as isothiocyanates and sulfides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Mihara
- 2-10-12 Nishinippori, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-0013 Japan
| | - Takayuki Shibamoto
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Li J, Aizawa Y, Hiramoto K, Kasahara E, Tsuruta D, Suzuki T, Ikeda A, Azuma H, Nagasaki T. Anti-inflammatory effect of water-soluble complex of 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate with highly branched β-1,3-glucan on contact dermatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 69:201-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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18
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Zeng QH, Lu CL, Zhang XW, Jiang JG. Isolation and identification of ingredients inducing cancer cell death from the seeds of Alpinia galanga, a Chinese spice. Food Funct 2015; 6:431-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00709c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to isolate ingredients from the seeds of a Chinese spice (Alpinia galangal) and to evaluate their cytotoxic activity on cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-hui Zeng
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Chuan-Li Lu
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xue-wu Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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Onion peel water extracts enhance immune status in forced swimming rat model. Lab Anim Res 2014; 30:161-8. [PMID: 25628726 PMCID: PMC4306703 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2014.30.4.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Onion peel contains a high concentration of quercetin and other flavonoids. In this study, the potential immune-enhancing effects of an onion peel water extract (OPE) supplement were investigated by the rat forced swimming test. OPE was prepared using hot water. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a pellet diet for 1 week and were then randomly divided into six groups: normal control (NC), forced swimming control (FSC), positive control (quercetin 20 mg/kg), and three groups administered 4, 20, or 100 mg/kg of OPE. Oral drug administration was conducted daily for 4 weeks. All rats, except those of NC group, were forced to swim in water and were considered exhausted when they failed to rise to the water surface to breathe within a 7-s period. Blood lymphocyte counts, immune organ weights, histopathological analysis, and serum interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-12 levels were determined. OPE-treated rats consumed more food and had an increased thymic cortex to medulla ratio than that observed in FSC group rats (P<0.05). The area of the white pulp in the spleens of OPE-treated group rats was increased compared with that in FSC group rats (P<0.05). Furthermore, blood lymphocyte numbers and IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-12 concentrations were significantly higher in OPE-fed groups than in FSC group (P<0.05). These results suggest that an OPE supplement can improve the immune status by increasing the number of immune-related cells and specific cytokine levels.
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20
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Mei F, Xing XF, Tang QF, Chen FL, Guo Y, Song S, Tan XM, Luo JB. Antipyretic and anti-asthmatic activities of traditional Chinese herb-pairs, Ephedra and Gypsum. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 22:445-50. [PMID: 25399307 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mahuang-Shigao herb-pair is a famous formula composed of Ephedra and Gypsum. The herb-pair is frequently used for treating cold symptoms and bronchial asthma in the clinical practice of Chinese medicine (CM). In the present study, we evaluated evidence for the benefit of combined use of Ephedra and Gypsum by analyzing the antipyretic and anti-asthmatic activities of Ephedra-Gypsum. METHODS The antipyretic effects of Ephedra-Gypsum were evaluated in yeast-induced hyperthermia test. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including control group, standard aspirin group, and 3 Ephedra- Gypsum groups of different doses (6, 12, 24 g/kg). Ephedra-Gypsum extract and asprin were administered orally 6 h after the injection of yeast solution and body temperature was measured every 1 h for 8 h. The antiasthmatic effects of Ephedra-Gypsum were evaluated using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic rat model. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Rats were alternately sensitized and OVA+Al(OH) challenged by exposure to mists of ovalbumin. Ephedra-Gypsum extracts (6, 12, 24 g/kg) or dexamethasone were administered 45 min prior to the allergen challenge for 8 days. Latent period and the weight of wet to dry ratio of lung were determined. In addition, the eosinophils in blood and white blood cell (WBC) were counted by an YZ-Hemavet Analyzer. RESULTS The Ephedra-Gypsum extracts at test dose (6, 12, 24 g/kg) significantly and dose-dependently attenuated yeast-induced fever in rats. The Ephedra-Gypsum extracts also prolonged the latent period, reduced OVA-induced increases in eosinophils and WBC, and decreased the wet and dry weight ratio of the lungs in the anti-asthmatic test. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the Ephedra-Gypsum extract has antipyretic and anti-asthmatic properties. Hence, the results support additional scientific evidence in prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Mei
- School of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xue-Feng Xing
- School of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qing-Fa Tang
- School of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fei-Long Chen
- School of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yang Guo
- School of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuai Song
- School of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Tan
- School of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jia-Bo Luo
- School of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Qin Q, Wang Z, Pan P, Cao Z, Xia Q, Tan H, Hu C. Lung dendritic cells undergo maturation and polarization towards a T helper type 2-stimulating phenotype in a mouse model of asthma: Role of nerve growth factor. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1402-1408. [PMID: 25289030 PMCID: PMC4186495 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) and dendritic cells (DCs) have been hypothesized to modulate T cell responses in a mouse model of asthma. However, whether NGF plays a role in regulating the maturation and polarization of lung DCs remains unclear. In the present study, the effect of NGF inhibition on the maturation and phenotype of lung DCs was investigated in a mouse model of asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA), and subsequently received anti-NGF treatment. At 24 h following the last challenge, airway responsiveness and inflammation were examined. The concentrations of NGF, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 were analyzed. In addition, maturation and CD103 expression in the lung DCs were investigated. Anti-NGF treatment was found to significantly reduce airway hyperreactivity and inflammation in asthmatic mice. In addition, a subdued T helper 2 (Th2) response was observed, characterized by the downregulation of IL-4 and the upregulation of IFN-γ. Furthermore, the expression of the DC surface molecules, CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II, as well as the proportion of lung CD103+ DCs, decreased in the OVA-sensitized and challenged mice. The proportion of lung CD103+ DCs also exhibited a positive correlation with the levels of plasma NGF in the mice. These results may provide an explanation for the role of NGF in amplifying the Th2 response in allergic diseases. Therefore, NGF may promote the maturation and polarization towards a Th2-stimulating phenotype of activated DCs, contributing to an amplification of the Th2 response in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwu Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China ; Bronchial Asthma Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zu Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China ; Bronchial Asthma Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Huang XP, Tao EX, Feng ZQ, Yang ZL, Zhang WF. Inhibitory effect of sihuangxiechai decoction on ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in Guinea pigs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:965429. [PMID: 25101137 PMCID: PMC4101944 DOI: 10.1155/2014/965429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sihuangxiechai decoction on asthmatic Guinea pig model which was sensitized by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged by OVA inhalation to induce chronic airway inflammation. Differential cell counts of cytospins were performed after staining with Giemsa solution. The quantity of leukocytes and its classification in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood were evaluated by blood cell analyzer and microscope. Histological analysis of the lung was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in BALF and serum were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The total number of leukocytes in BALF and blood has no significant difference between Sihuangxiechaitang decoction treated group and dexamethasone (DXM) treated group but was significantly lower than those of asthma group. The percentage of eosinophils in lung tissues of sihuangxiechai decoction treated group was significantly lower than that of asthma group. The results demonstrated that the levels of IL-4 and TNF-α in the sihuangxiechai decoction treated group were significantly reduced compared with the asthma group. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that sihuangxiechai decoction has a protective effect on OVA-induced asthma in reducing airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a Guinea pig model and may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ping Huang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No. 2428, Yuhe Street, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - En Xue Tao
- Universtiy Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Zhan Qin Feng
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Science, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Zhao Lu Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, No. 2428, Yuhe Street, Weifang, Shandong 261031, China
| | - Wei Fen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Science, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
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Kim JH, Shin EH, Lee HY, Lee BG, Park SH, Moon DI, Goo GC, Kwon DY, Yang HJ, Kim OJ, Oh HG. Immunostimulating effects of extract of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus. Exp Anim 2014; 62:247-53. [PMID: 23903060 PMCID: PMC4160943 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.62.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As malfunction/absence of immune cells causes a variety of immunosuppressive disorders
and chemical synthetic drugs for curing these diseases have many adverse effects, vigorous
studies are being conducted. The Acanthopanax family has been used as
traditional medicines for gastric ulcer, diabetes, etc. and culinary materials in
East-South Asia. In this study, the immunostimulating properties of A.
sessiliflorus were evaluated. A. sessiliflorus increased not
only the splenocyte number but also immune-related cytokines such as TNF-α. However, it
could not upregulate the expressions of IFN-γ and IL-2. A. sessiliflorus
increased the swimming time, and comparison of organ weights relative to body weights for
immune-related organs such as the spleen and thymus after a forced swim test showed that
it could recover the spleen and thymus weights. It also increased the expression of TNF-α
and slightly increased the concentration of IFN-γ but not IL-2. From the results, we
concluded that as A. sessiliflorus has not only a host defense effect but
also a stress-ameliorating property, further study it will be a promising material of
immunostimulating material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Kim
- Huvet Co., Ltd., #203 Wonkwang University Business Incubator Center, 344-2 Shinyoung-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
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