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Becker BM, Banson I, Walker JM, Deshwal A, Brown MW, Silberman JD. Isolation of Naegleria lustrarea n. sp. (Excavata, Discoba, Heterolobosea) from the feces of Ambystoma annulatum (Ringed Salamander) in Northwest Arkansas. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024; 71:e13031. [PMID: 38725295 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The salamander, Ambystoma annulatum, is considered a "species of special concern" in the state of Arkansas, USA, due to its limited geographic range, specialized habitat requirements and low population size. Although metazoan parasites have been documented in this salamander species, neither its native protists nor microbiome have yet been evaluated. This is likely due to the elusive nature and under-sampling of the animal. Here, we initiate the cataloguing of microbial associates with the identification of a new heterlobosean species, Naegleria lustrarea n. sp. (Excavata, Discoba, Heterolobosea), isolated from feces of an adult A. annulatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Becker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Idan Banson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - James M Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Anant Deshwal
- Department of Biology, Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew W Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jeffery D Silberman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Biology Center CAS, Institute of Parasitology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Almeida D, Alcaraz-Hernández JD, Cruz A, Lantero E, Fletcher DH, García-Berthou E. Seasonal Effects on Health Status and Parasitological Traits of an Invasive Minnow in Iberian Waters. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1502. [PMID: 38791719 PMCID: PMC11117210 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are of special conservation concern in the Iberian Peninsula and other regions with high levels of endemism. Environmental variability, such as the seasonal fluctuations of Mediterranean streams, is a key factor that affects the spread of aquatic species in novel habitats. Fish parasites have a great potential to reflect such changes in the habitat features of freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this study consisted of seasonally analysing the health status and parasitological traits of non-native fish in Iberian waters. In particular, a strongly invasive population of Languedoc minnow Phoxinus septimaniae (leuciscid species native to south-east France) was assessed in Tordera Stream (north-eastern Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean conditions). Fish were sampled in April, July, and October 2023 by electrofishing. Health status (external/internal organs) was significantly better in autumn (HAI = 28.8) than spring (HAI = 35.6). Life-cycle complexity was higher in spring (LCI = 1.98), whereas parasite abundance and Shannon diversity were significantly lower in autumn (TA = 19.6 and H' = 2.15, respectively). In October (more 'benign' environmental conditions in Iberian streams), minnows could display elevated foraging activity, with fish increasing their health condition and level of parasite resistance/tolerance. Overall results showed a particular seasonal profile of health and parasite infra-communities that allow this minnow species to thrive under highly fluctuating habitat conditions. This information could help environmental managers to control non-native fish in Mediterranean streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Almeida
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.); (E.L.)
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.D.A.-H.); (E.G.-B.)
| | - Juan Diego Alcaraz-Hernández
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.D.A.-H.); (E.G.-B.)
- TRAGSATEC Group, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Esther Lantero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain; (A.C.); (E.L.)
| | - David H. Fletcher
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;
| | - Emili García-Berthou
- GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, M. Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (J.D.A.-H.); (E.G.-B.)
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3
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Frantz AC, Lippert S, Heddergott M. Microsatellite profiling of hosts from parasite-extracted DNA illustrated with raccoons (Procyon lotor) and their Baylisascaris procyonis roundworms. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:76. [PMID: 36841791 PMCID: PMC9960475 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05703-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Important information on movement pathways and introduction routes of invasive parasites can be obtained by comparing the genetic makeup of an invader with its spatial genetic structure in other distribution areas. Sometimes, the population genetic structure of the host might be more informative than that of the parasite itself, and it is important to collect tissue samples of both host and parasite. However, host tissue samples are frequently not available for analysis. We aimed to test whether it is possible to generate reliable microsatellite profiles of host individuals by amplifying DNA extracted from a nematode parasite, using the raccoon (Procyon lotor) and the raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) as a test case. METHODS Between 2020 and 2021, we collected tissue as well as a single roundworm each from 12 raccoons from central Germany. Both the raccoon and the roundworm DNA extracts were genotyped using 17 raccoon-specific microsatellite loci. For each roundworm DNA extract, we performed at least eight amplification reactions per microsatellite locus. RESULTS We extracted amplifiable raccoon DNA from all 12 roundworms. We obtained at least two amplification products for 186 of the 204 possible genotypes. Altogether 1077 of the 1106 genotypes (97.4%) matched the host-DNA derived reference genotypes and thus did not contain genotyping errors. Nine of the 12 roundworm-derived genetic profiles matched the reference profiles from the raccoon hosts, with one additional genetic profile containing genotyping errors at a single locus. The remaining two genetic profiles were deemed unsuitable for downstream analysis because of genotyping errors and/or a high proportion of missing data. CONCLUSIONS We showed that reliable microsatellite-based genetic profiles of host individuals can be obtained by amplifying DNA extracted from a parasitic nematode. Specifically, the approach can be applied to reconstruct invasion pathways of roundworms when samples of the raccoon hosts are lacking. Further research should assess whether this method can be replicated in smaller species of parasitic nematodes and other phyla of parasites more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain C. Frantz
- grid.507500.7Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Stéphanie Lippert
- grid.507500.7Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mike Heddergott
- grid.507500.7Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Nofal AP, Dos Santos QM, Jirsa F, Avenant-Oldewage A. Camallanid nematodes from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in the Crocodile River, Gauteng, South Africa: Exploring diversity and divergence in an acid-mine drainage impacted environment. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 19:196-210. [PMID: 36324823 PMCID: PMC9619150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Clarias gariepinus collected from Lake Heritage, Crocodile River, were found to harbour camallanid nematodes. Previously, Boomker (1982) surveyed the Hartbeespoort Dam, downstream of the current study site, and identified a high prevalence of Procamallanus (Procamallanus) laeviconchus and Paracamallanus cyathopharynx. Since then, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) pseudolaeviconchus was described from C. gariepinus suggesting reconsideration of the identifications of Procamallanus species in historical studies from clariids. The aim of the current study was to definitively identify the nematodes collected from C. gariepinus in Lake Heritage, using morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological study consisted of light and scanning electron microscopy which confirmed the identity P. (P.) pseudolaeviconchus and P. cyathopharynx. This included descriptions of the detailed morphology of isolated buccal capsules for both species using soft tissue digestion, notably for the first time for P. (P.) pseudolaeviconchus. The morphology of isolated spiculae of both species was described for the first time using SEM. Molecular analyses included genetic characterisation of the small ribosomal subunit (18S) rDNA and cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) mtDNA. Genetic data supported the morphological identification of both species, however, divergence was detected in CO1 mtDNA data for P. cyathopharynx indicating two distinct lineages. Due to this variation, the morphometry of P. cyathopharynx specimens were revisited including statistical re-evaluation. No robust morphological traits were identified to support CO1 mtDNA lineages and all specimens were considered conspecific. In terms of camallanid biodiversity in the Crocodile River system, it is similar to that in Boomker (1982), despite the altered water quality from past acid mine pollution in the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee P. Nofal
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Quinton M. Dos Santos
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Franz Jirsa
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa,Corresponding author.
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Wood LE, Guilder J, Brennan ML, Birland NJ, Taleti V, Stinton N, Taylor NGH, Thrush MA. Biosecurity and the ornamental fish trade: A stakeholder perspective in England. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:352-365. [PMID: 34699063 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater and marine ornamental fish industry is a primary route of hazard introduction and emergence, including aquatic animal diseases and non-native species. Prevention measures are key to reducing the risk of hazard incursion and establishment, but there is currently little understanding of the biosecurity practices and hazard responses implemented at post-border stages of the ornamental fish supply chain. This study addresses this knowledge gap, using questionnaires to collate information on actual biosecurity behaviours and hazard responses practised by ornamental fish retailers and hobbyist communities in England. Actual behaviours varied considerably within retailers and hobbyists, suggesting that reliance on preventative practices by individuals in the post-border stages of the ornamental fish supply chain is likely to be ineffective in minimizing the risk of hazard incursion and establishment. Resources should be allocated towards improving and enforcing robust pre- and at-border control measures, such as risk-based surveillance of ornamental fish imports at border controls. In addition, these findings should be used to implement targeted awareness-raising campaigns and help create directed training on biosecurity practices for individuals involved in the post-border stages of the ornamental supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa E Wood
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
- Centre for Blue Governance, Faculty of Economics and Law, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - James Guilder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Marnie L Brennan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Nicola J Birland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Virginia Taleti
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Nicholas Stinton
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Nick G H Taylor
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
| | - Mark A Thrush
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, UK
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Schols R, Carolus H, Hammoud C, Muzarabani KC, Barson M, Huyse T. Invasive snails, parasite spillback, and potential parasite spillover drive parasitic diseases of Hippopotamus amphibius in artificial lakes of Zimbabwe. BMC Biol 2021; 19:160. [PMID: 34412627 PMCID: PMC8377832 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Humans impose a significant pressure on large herbivore populations, such as hippopotami, through hunting, poaching, and habitat destruction. Anthropogenic pressures can also occur indirectly, such as artificial lake creation and the subsequent introduction of invasive species that alter the ecosystem. These events can lead to drastic changes in parasite diversity and transmission, but generally receive little scientific attention. Results In order to document and identify trematode parasites of the common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in artificial water systems of Zimbabwe, we applied an integrative taxonomic approach, combining molecular diagnostics and morphometrics on archived and new samples. In doing so, we provide DNA reference sequences of the hippopotamus liver fluke Fasciola nyanzae, enabling us to construct the first complete Fasciola phylogeny. We describe parasite spillback of F. nyanzae by the invasive freshwater snail Pseudosuccinea columella, as a consequence of a cascade of biological invasions in Lake Kariba, one of the biggest artificial lakes in the world. Additionally, we report an unknown stomach fluke of the hippopotamus transmitted by the non-endemic snail Radix aff. plicatula, an Asian snail species that has not been found in Africa before, and the stomach fluke Carmyerius cruciformis transmitted by the native snail Bulinus truncatus. Finally, Biomphalaria pfeifferi and two Bulinus species were found as new snail hosts for the poorly documented hippopotamus blood fluke Schistosoma edwardiense. Conclusions Our findings indicate that artificial lakes are breeding grounds for endemic and non-endemic snails that transmit trematode parasites of the common hippopotamus. This has important implications, as existing research links trematode parasite infections combined with other stressors to declining wild herbivore populations. Therefore, we argue that monitoring the anthropogenic impact on parasite transmission should become an integral part of wildlife conservation efforts. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01093-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Schols
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Kulak, Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Hans Carolus
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven-VIB Center for Microbiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cyril Hammoud
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.,Limnology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Maxwell Barson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.,Lake Kariba Research Station, University of Zimbabwe, Kariba, Zimbabwe
| | - Tine Huyse
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
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Winterhoff ML, Achmadi AS, Roycroft EJ, Handika H, Putra RTJ, Rowe KMC, Perkins SL, Rowe KC. Native and Introduced Trypanosome Parasites in Endemic and Introduced Murine Rodents of Sulawesi. J Parasitol 2020; 106:523-536. [PMID: 32931567 DOI: 10.1645/19-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Indonesian island of Sulawesi is a globally significant biodiversity hotspot with substantial undescribed biota, particularly blood-borne parasites of endemic wildlife. Documenting the blood parasites of Sulawesi's murine rodents is the first fundamental step towards the discovery of pathogens likely to be of concern for the health and conservation of Sulawesi's endemic murines. We screened liver samples from 441 specimens belonging to 20 different species of murine rodents from 2 mountain ranges on Sulawesi, using polymerase chin reaction (PCR) primers targeting the conserved 18S rDNA region across the protozoan class Kinetoplastea. We detected infections in 156 specimens (10 host species) with a mean prevalence of 35.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 30.9-39.8%). Sequences from these samples identified 4 infections to the genus Parabodo, 1 to Blechomonas, and the remaining 151 to the genus Trypanosoma. Within Trypanosoma, we recovered 17 haplotypes nested within the Trypanosoma theileri clade infecting 117 specimens (8 host species) and 4 haplotypes nested within the Trypanosoma lewisi clade infecting 34 specimens (6 host species). Haplotypes within the T. theileri clade were related to regional Indo-Australian endemic trypanosomes, displayed geographic structuring but with evidence of long-term connectivity between mountains, and had substantial phylogenetic diversity. These results suggest T. theileri clade parasites are native to Sulawesi. Conversely, T. lewisi clade haplotypes were recovered from both endemic and introduced rodents, demonstrated complete geographic separation between clades, and had low genetic diversity. These results suggest that the T. lewisi clade parasites invaded Sulawesi recently and likely in 2 separate invasion events. Our results provide the first records of metakinetoplastids in Sulawesi's rodents and highlight the need for more extensive sampling for pathogens in this biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique L Winterhoff
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Anang S Achmadi
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Emily J Roycroft
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Heru Handika
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Department of Biology and Museum of Natural Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | | | - Karen M C Rowe
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Susan L Perkins
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024
- The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031
| | - Kevin C Rowe
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Sciences Department, Museums Victoria, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia
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Evidence for enemy release in invasive common dace Leuciscus leuciscus in Ireland: a helminth community survey and systematic review. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e191. [PMID: 32924909 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species lose parasites in the process of invasion and tend to be less parasitized than conspecifics in the native range and sympatric native species in the invasive range (enemy release). We evaluated enemy release in an invasive freshwater fish in Ireland, common dace Leuciscus leuciscus, using helminth parasite community surveys at the core and front of the invasive range of common dace. Furthermore, we undertook a systematic literature review of helminth infection in common dace across its native range in Great Britain and Europe and invasive range in Ireland. The helminth parasite community survey revealed that invasive common dace were infected with fewer helminth species at the invasion front than at the core. Four helminth taxa - Acanthocephala, Monogenea, Digenea and Nematoda - were present in dace at the invasion core compared to only a single helminth species (Pomphorhynchus tereticollis) at the front. The systematic review revealed that invasive common dace in Ireland hosted fewer species of helminths than common dace in the native range. We report a total of three helminth species in common dace in Ireland compared to 24 in Great Britain and 84 in Continental Europe. Our results support the hypotheses that invasive populations are less parasitized than native populations and that more recently established populations host fewer parasites. However, we demonstrate that invasive species may continue to experience release from parasites long after initial invasion.
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Trujillo-González A, Becker JA, Huerlimann R, Saunders RJ, Hutson KS. Can environmental DNA be used for aquatic biosecurity in the aquarium fish trade? Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Wilcox CL, Motomura H, Matsunuma M, Bowen BW. Phylogeography of Lionfishes (Pterois) Indicate Taxonomic Over Splitting and Hybrid Origin of the Invasive Pterois volitans. J Hered 2019. [PMID: 28637254 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lionfish is an iconic marine fish, and recently renowned for a disastrous introduction into the West Atlantic. Genetic surveys of the putative invaders (Pterois volitans and Pterois miles) in their natural Indo-Pacific range can illuminate both topics. Previous research indicated that P. volitans and P. miles are sister species that hybridize in the invasive range, but hybridization in the native range is unknown. Here, we apply mtDNA COI and 2 nuclear introns (S7 RP1 and Gpd2) from 229 lionfish including the 2 invaders and 2 closely-related taxa (44 P. miles, 91 P. volitans, 31 Pterois lunulata, and 63 Pterois russelii) from 10 locations in their native ranges. Genetic data are supplemented with key morphological characters: dorsal, anal, and pectoral fin ray counts. We observed 2 lineages (d = 4.07%, 0.89%, and 2.75% at COI, S7 RP1, and Gpd2, respectively) among the 4 putative species: an Indian Ocean lineage represented by P. miles, and a Pacific Ocean lineage represented by P. lunulata and P. russelii. All specimens of the invasive P. volitans appear to be hybrids between the Indian Ocean P. miles and a Pacific lineage encompassing P. lunulata/russelii, a conclusion supported by both genetics and morphology. The divergences between Indian and Pacific forms are within the range of species-level partitions in fishes, and we recommend retention of the names P. miles and P. russelii for Indian and Pacific forms. The hybrid origin of the Atlantic invasion invokes the possibility of heterosis as a contributing factor to invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie L Wilcox
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Kane'ohe, HI.,Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Mizuki Matsunuma
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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11
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Ailán-Choke LG, Davies DA, Tavares LER, Pereira FB. An integrative taxonomic assessment of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) huacraensis (Nematoda: Camallanidae), infecting the freshwater catfish Trichomycterus spegazzinii (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) in Argentina. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2819-2829. [PMID: 31463595 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) huacraensis infecting the catfish Trichomycterus spegazzinii from Escoipe River, Salta province (Argentina), is redescribed and genetically characterised for the first time, based on three genetic markers (nuclear 18S and 28S rRNA; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [cox1] mtDNA). The phylogeny of Camallanidae was also discussed. Morphological evaluation of P. (S.) huacraensis using light and scanning electron microscopy revealed the previously undescribed features: location of deirids, accurate morphology of larvae (L1) and ovijector in females, as well as phasmids in males. Differences were found comparing the newly collected material and the type specimens, probably because the original description lacked detailing. Unfortunately, type specimens of P. (S.) huacraensis were no available for loan. The results of morphological and genetic analyses supported the validity of P. (S.) huacraensis. Inconsistencies regarding the taxonomic identification of species of Camallanidae in GenBank database were noted. Based on the current genetic database of Camallanidae, phylogenetic reconstructions using the 18S rRNA sequences were most consistent, due to the inclusion of higher number of taxa. Procamallanus (S.) huacraensis appeared as sister group of P. (S.) rarus, also isolated from a catfish in a neighbouring region. The order and habitat of hosts were also similar within some well-supported parasite lineages, but without common geographic origin. However, it is still premature to make definitive affirmations regarding the role of such features in the phylogenetic patterns of Camallanidae, given the scarcity of genetic data. The phylogenetic reconstructions also confirmed the artificiality of the morphology-based systematics of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena G Ailán-Choke
- Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400), Salta, Argentina
| | - Dora A Davies
- Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400), Salta, Argentina
| | - Luiz E R Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva s/n°,, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe B Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva s/n°,, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
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Bodden V, Puschendorf R. Morphological divergence and reduced ectoparasite prevalence in an introduced population of a Caribbean anole. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Bodden
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - R. Puschendorf
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
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Sard N, Robinson J, Kanefsky J, Herbst S, Scribner K. Coalescent models characterize sources and demographic history of recent round goby colonization of Great Lakes and inland waters. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1034-1049. [PMID: 31080513 PMCID: PMC6503821 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment and spread of aquatic invasive species are ecologically and economically harmful and a source of conservation concern internationally. Processes of species invasion have traditionally been inferred from observational data of species presence/absence and relative abundance. However, genetic-based approaches can provide valuable sources of inference. Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing was used to identify and genotype single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for Round Gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) (N = 440) from 18 sampling locations in the Great Lakes and in three Michigan, USA, drainages (Flint, Au Sable, and Cheboygan River basins). Sampled rivers differed in size, accessibility, and physical characteristics including man-made dispersal barriers. Population levels of genetic diversity and interpopulation variance in SNP allele frequency were used in coalescence-based approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to statistically compare models representing competing hypotheses regarding source population, postcolonization dispersal, and demographic history in the Great Lakes and inland waters. Results indicate different patterns of colonization across the three drainages. In the Flint River, models indicate a strong population bottleneck (<3% of contemporary effective population size) and a single founding event from Saginaw Bay led to the colonization of inland river segments. In the Au Sable River, analyses could not distinguish potential source populations, but supported models indicated multiple introductions from one source population. In the Cheboygan River, supported models indicated that colonization likely proceeded from east (Lake Huron source) to west among inland locales sampled in the system. Despite the recent occupancy of Great Lakes and inland habitats, large numbers of loci analyzed in an ABC framework enable statistically supported identification of source populations and reconstruction of the direction of inland spread and demographic history following establishment. Information from analyses can direct management actions to limit the spread of invasive species from identified sources and most probable vectors into additional inland aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Sard
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Present address:
Biology DepartmentSUNY OswegoOswegoNew York
| | - John Robinson
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Jeannette Kanefsky
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Seth Herbst
- Michigan Department of Natural ResourcesEast LansingMichigan
| | - Kim Scribner
- Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Department of Integrative BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
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15
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Cole R, Viney M. The population genetics of parasitic nematodes of wild animals. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:590. [PMID: 30424774 PMCID: PMC6234597 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes are highly diverse and common, infecting virtually all animal species, and the importance of their roles in natural ecosystems is increasingly becoming apparent. How genes flow within and among populations of these parasites - their population genetics - has profound implications for the epidemiology of host infection and disease, and for the response of parasite populations to selection pressures. The population genetics of nematode parasites of wild animals may have consequences for host conservation, or influence the risk of zoonotic disease. Host movement has long been recognised as an important determinant of parasitic nematode population genetic structure, and recent research has also highlighted the importance of nematode life histories, environmental conditions, and other aspects of host ecology. Commonly, factors influencing parasitic nematode population genetics have been studied in isolation, such that an integrated view of the drivers of population genetic structure of parasitic nematodes is still lacking. Here, we seek to provide a comprehensive, broad, and integrative picture of these factors in parasitic nematodes of wild animals that will be a useful resource for investigators studying non-model parasitic nematodes in natural ecosystems. Increasingly, new methods of analysing the population genetics of nematodes are becoming available, and we consider the opportunities that these afford in resolving hitherto inaccessible questions of the population genetics of these important animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cole
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Mark Viney
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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Brown GP, Holden D, Shine R, Phillips BL. Invasion history alters the behavioural consequences of immune system activation in cane toads. J Anim Ecol 2018; 87:716-726. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P. Brown
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Damian Holden
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Ben L. Phillips
- School of Biosciences University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
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Demkowska-Kutrzepa M, Studzińska M, Roczeń-Karczmarz M, Tomczuk K, Abbas Z, Różański P. A review of the helminths co-introduced with Trachemys scripta elegans – a threat to European native turtle health. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-17000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the 20th century large numbers of exotic turtles Trachemys scripta elegans have been imported into Europe as pets and this has led to frequent introductions into many freshwater ecosystems. Nowadays, established populations of red-eared slider, coexist and compete with the native in Europe species of turtles in the wild. Invasive turtles are a threat to indigenous species because of carriage of many parasites, which are often considered to cause disease emergence and produce high mortality in native hosts. Helminths are the most prominent group introduced with T. s. elegans and due to their host-switching ability have become important co-invaders, a potential threat to indigenous turtle health. The aim of this review was to assess the risks of the transfer of helminths co-introduced with T. s. elegans to native species of European turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Demkowska-Kutrzepa
- 1Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Studzińska
- 1Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Roczeń-Karczmarz
- 1Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tomczuk
- 1Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
| | - Zahrai Abbas
- 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Muthanna University, Samawa Muthanna, Iraq
| | - Paweł Różański
- 3Department of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland
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Mestre A, Butlin RK, Kelso WE, Romaire R, Bonvillain CP, Monrós JS, Mesquita-Joanes F. Contrasting patterns of genetic diversity and spatial structure in an invasive symbiont-host association. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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A case of complete loss of gill parasites in the invasive cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3657-61. [PMID: 27334451 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the recent evolution of a rich parasite community associated with one of the world's most invasive species, the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Populations from the species' native range (Mozambique) are compared to a population from New Caledonia (Wester Pacific), an island where the species was introduced in 1954. The results support the complete local extinction of the gill parasite community in the course of the invasion process. Up to six gill parasite species per locality were documented in the O. mossambicus native range, and previous surveys consistently reported at least one parasite species introduced along African cichlid species established out of Africa. The absence of parasites in New Caledonia is therefore exceptional. This can be attributed to local factors, such as a strong initial population bottleneck, the likely absence of multiple host introductions, and the frequent occurrence of brackish watersheds that might enhance the probability for natural deparasitation.
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Van den Broeck F, Maes GE, Larmuseau MHD, Rollinson D, Sy I, Faye D, Volckaert FAM, Polman K, Huyse T. Reconstructing Colonization Dynamics of the Human Parasite Schistosoma mansoni following Anthropogenic Environmental Changes in Northwest Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003998. [PMID: 26275049 PMCID: PMC4537236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic environmental changes may lead to ecosystem destabilization and the unintentional colonization of new habitats by parasite populations. A remarkable example is the outbreak of intestinal schistosomiasis in Northwest Senegal following the construction of two dams in the '80s. While many studies have investigated the epidemiological, immunological and geographical patterns of Schistosoma mansoni infections in this region, little is known about its colonization history. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Parasites were collected at several time points after the disease outbreak and genotyped using a 420 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) and nine nuclear DNA microsatellite markers. Phylogeographic and population genetic analyses revealed the presence of (i) many genetically different haplotypes at the non-recombining mitochondrial marker and (ii) one homogenous S. mansoni genetic group at the recombining microsatellite markers. These results suggest that the S. mansoni population in Northwest Senegal was triggered by intraspecific hybridization (i.e. admixture) between parasites that were introduced from different regions. This would comply with the extensive immigration of infected seasonal agricultural workers from neighboring regions in Senegal, Mauritania and Mali. The spatial and temporal stability of the established S. mansoni population suggests a swift local adaptation of the parasite to the local intermediate snail host Biomphalaria pfeifferi at the onset of the epidemic. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results show that S. mansoni parasites are very successful in colonizing new areas without significant loss of genetic diversity. Maintaining high levels of diversity guarantees the adaptive potential of these parasites to cope with selective pressures such as drug treatment, which might complicate efforts to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Van den Broeck
- Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gregory E. Maes
- Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Maarten H. D. Larmuseau
- Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Rollinson
- Division of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahima Sy
- UFR Pharmacy, University of Caen Basse-Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Katja Polman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tine Huyse
- Department of Biology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
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21
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Moutou F. [The place of vertebrates in the epidemiology of zoonoses]. REVUE FRANCOPHONE DES LABORATOIRES : RFL 2015; 2015:25-33. [PMID: 32288820 PMCID: PMC7140274 DOI: 10.1016/s1773-035x(15)30110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zoonoses, to be distinguished here from human diseases with an animal origin, represent a large quantity of pathological entities the corresponding pathogens of which are regularly shared between human beings and many different vertebrates species. Working on selected examples and situations, whatever the contamination routes and the facilitating reasons, puts into light a real rarity of a direct transmission from the animal reservoir to human beings. On the opposite, the diversity and the possible severity of some of the sanitary consequences, quite often in relation to human behaviours, must be stressed. On a practical point of view, it seems more adapted to try first to improve the control of pathogens diffusion within human populations after a contamination than to try to start to work first on the reservoir, be it domestic or wild, the potential source of these pathogens, but following routes quite difficult to anticipate. The relationship between biodiversity and health is discussed.
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Coleman RR, Gaither MR, Kimokeo B, Stanton FG, Bowen BW, Toonen RJ. Large-scale introduction of the Indo-Pacific damselfishAbudefduf vaigiensisinto Hawai'i promotes genetic swamping of the endemic congenerA. abdominalis. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:5552-65. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. Coleman
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology; University of Hawai'i; P.O. Box 1346 Kaneohe HI 96744 USA
- Department of Biology; University of Hawai'i; Mānoa, 2450 Campus Road, Dean Hall Room 2 Honolulu HI 96822 USA
| | - Michelle R. Gaither
- Section of Ichthyology; California Academy of Sciences; 55 Music Concourse Drive San Francisco CA 94118 USA
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Durham University; South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Bethany Kimokeo
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology; University of Hawai'i; P.O. Box 1346 Kaneohe HI 96744 USA
| | - Frank G. Stanton
- University of Hawai'i Community Colleges; Leeward Community College; 96-045 Ala Ike Pearl City HI 96782 USA
| | - Brian W. Bowen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology; University of Hawai'i; P.O. Box 1346 Kaneohe HI 96744 USA
| | - Robert J. Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology; University of Hawai'i; P.O. Box 1346 Kaneohe HI 96744 USA
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23
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Quantifying anuran microhabitat use to infer the potential for parasite transmission between invasive cane toads and two species of Australian native frogs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106996. [PMID: 25188421 PMCID: PMC4154782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites that are carried by invasive species can infect native taxa, with devastating consequences. In Australia, invading cane toads (Rhinella marina) carry lungworm parasites (Rhabdias pseudosphaerocephala) that (based on previous laboratory studies) can infect native treefrogs (Litoria caerulea and L. splendida). To assess the potential of parasite transmission from the invader to the native species (and from one infected native frog to another), we used surveys and radiotelemetry to quantify anuran microhabitat use, and proximity to other anurans, in two sites in tropical Australia. Unsurprisingly, treefrogs spent much of their time off the ground (especially by day, and in undisturbed forests) but terrestrial activity was common at night (especially in anthropogenically modified habitats). Microhabitat overlap between cane toads and frogs was generally low, except at night in disturbed areas, whereas overlap between the two frog species was high. The situations of highest overlap, and hence with the greatest danger of parasite transmission, involve aggregations of frogs within crevices by day, and use of open ground by all three anuran species at night. Overall, microhabitat divergence between toads and frogs should reduce, but not eliminate, the transmission of lungworms from invasive toads to vulnerable native frogs.
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Lymbery AJ, Morine M, Kanani HG, Beatty SJ, Morgan DL. Co-invaders: The effects of alien parasites on native hosts. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2014; 3:171-7. [PMID: 25180161 PMCID: PMC4145144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We define co-introduced parasites as those which have been transported with an alien host to a new locality, outside of their natural range, and co-invading parasites as those which have been co-introduced and then spread to new, native hosts. Of 98 published studies of co-introductions, over 50% of hosts were freshwater fishes and 49% of parasites were helminths. Although we would expect parasites with simple, direct life cycles to be much more likely to be introduced and establish in a new locality, a substantial proportion (36%) of co-introductions were of parasites with an indirect life cycle. Seventy-eight per cent of co-introduced parasites were found in native host species and can therefore be classed as co-invaders. Host switching was equally common among parasites with direct and indirect life cycles. The magnitude of the threat posed to native species by co-invaders will depend, among other things, on parasite virulence. In 16 cases where co-introduced parasites have switched to native hosts and information was available on relative virulence, 14 (85%) were more virulent in native hosts than in the co-introduced alien host. We argue that this does not necessarily support the naïve host theory that co-invading parasites will have greater pathogenic effects in native hosts with which they have no coevolutionary history, but may instead be a consequence of the greater likelihood for parasites with lower virulence in their natural host to be co-introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Lymbery
- Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mikayla Morine
- Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hosna Gholipour Kanani
- Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gonbad Kavous University, Iran
| | - Stephen J. Beatty
- Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David L. Morgan
- Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia
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Blackburn TM, Essl F, Evans T, Hulme PE, Jeschke JM, Kühn I, Kumschick S, Marková Z, Mrugała A, Nentwig W, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Rabitsch W, Ricciardi A, Richardson DM, Sendek A, Vilà M, Wilson JRU, Winter M, Genovesi P, Bacher S. A unified classification of alien species based on the magnitude of their environmental impacts. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001850. [PMID: 24802715 PMCID: PMC4011680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method for categorising and comparing alien or invasive species in terms of how damaging they are to the environment, that can be applied across all taxa, scales, and impact metrics. Species moved by human activities beyond the limits of their native geographic ranges into areas in which they do not naturally occur (termed aliens) can cause a broad range of significant changes to recipient ecosystems; however, their impacts vary greatly across species and the ecosystems into which they are introduced. There is therefore a critical need for a standardised method to evaluate, compare, and eventually predict the magnitudes of these different impacts. Here, we propose a straightforward system for classifying alien species according to the magnitude of their environmental impacts, based on the mechanisms of impact used to code species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Global Invasive Species Database, which are presented here for the first time. The classification system uses five semi-quantitative scenarios describing impacts under each mechanism to assign species to different levels of impact—ranging from Minimal to Massive—with assignment corresponding to the highest level of deleterious impact associated with any of the mechanisms. The scheme also includes categories for species that are Not Evaluated, have No Alien Population, or are Data Deficient, and a method for assigning uncertainty to all the classifications. We show how this classification system is applicable at different levels of ecological complexity and different spatial and temporal scales, and embraces existing impact metrics. In fact, the scheme is analogous to the already widely adopted and accepted Red List approach to categorising extinction risk, and so could conceivably be readily integrated with existing practices and policies in many regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M. Blackburn
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Environment Institute, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Conservation Biology, Vegetation and Landscape Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Evans
- Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Philip E. Hulme
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M. Jeschke
- Technische Universität München, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Restoration Ecology, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kumschick
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Zuzana Marková
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Agata Mrugała
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Nentwig
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Rabitsch
- Environment Agency Austria, Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Agnieszka Sendek
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Community Ecology, Halle, Germany
| | | | - John R. U. Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Claremont, South Africa
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Piero Genovesi
- ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research and Chair IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Rome, Italy
| | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology, Unit Ecology & Evolution, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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26
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Beger M, Sommer B, Harrison PL, Smith SD, Pandolfi JM. Conserving potential coral reef refuges at high latitudes. DIVERS DISTRIB 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beger
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Brigitte Sommer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Peter L. Harrison
- Marine Ecology Research Centre; Southern Cross University; Lismore NSW 2480 Australia
| | - Stephen D.A. Smith
- National Marine Science Centre; Southern Cross University; Coffs Harbour NSW 2450 Australia
- Marine Ecology Research Centre; Southern Cross University; Coffs Harbour NSW 2450 Australia
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
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