1
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Retraction: Evidence That Head and Body Lice on Homeless Persons Have the Same Genotype. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0312328. [PMID: 39401225 PMCID: PMC11472928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2024] Open
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2
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Correction: Distinguishing Body Lice from Head Lice by Multiplex Real-Time PCR Analysis of the Phum_PHUM540560 Gene. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0311640. [PMID: 39352894 PMCID: PMC11444400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058088.].
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Boodman C, Lindsay LR, Dibernardo A, Kisil K, Coatsworth H, Huynh C, Heendeniya A, Schellenberg J, Keynan Y. Body Louse Pathogen Surveillance among Persons Experiencing Homelessness, Canada, 2020-2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:1450-1453. [PMID: 38916637 PMCID: PMC11210640 DOI: 10.3201/eid3007.231660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We analyzed body lice collected from persons experiencing homelessness in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, during 2020-2021 to confirm vector species and ecotype and to identify louseborne pathogens. Of 556 lice analyzed from 7 persons, 17 louse pools (218 lice) from 1 person were positive for the louseborne bacterium Bartonella quintana.
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4
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Kamani J, Irene S, Nachum-Biala Y, Shand M, Harrus S. Phylogenetic and network analysis of Pediculus humanus in Nigeria reveal the presences of clade E body lice and novel haplotypes. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3087-3100. [PMID: 37847393 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
An investigation was conducted for the first time to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of human lice, for the first time in Nigeria, using conventional PCR and sequencing methods. Three mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), cytochrome b (cytb), and 12S rRNA of Nigerian human lice, were amplified, sequenced, and analyzed. Overall, high prevalence (72.5%; 103/142) of lice infestation was recorded among the examined volunteers. Head lice infestation was more common 63 (61.2%) than body lice infestation 34 (33.0%). Co-infestation with both head and body lice was recorded in six humans (5.8%). The Nigerian human lice specimens were placed mostly into clade A with few in clade E, including body lice for the first time. Six, three, and eight haplotypes of Nigerian human lice were obtained for the cytb, cox1, and 12S rRNA genes, respectively. Additionally, one (E51), three (A31, A32, and E5), and six (A20, A21, A23, A24, A30, and E1) novel haplotypes were recorded for cox1, cytb, and 12S rRNA, respectively, from the Nigerian specimens which were corroborated by the ML phylogenetic trees and MJ network analyses. Genetic diversity indices indicate minimal variation in the parameters analyzed among the clades of the three genes. However, a statistically significant Snn test, negative Tajima's D test for clade A (cox1 and 12S rRNA genes), and negative Fu and Li's D test in clade A for cox1 gene indicate a geographical structure and the signature of population expansion of the Nigerian human lice. The findings from this study provide additional data on the human lice structure in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kamani
- Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State, PMB 01, Nigeria.
| | - Sacristán Irene
- Animal Health Research Centre, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mike Shand
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shimon Harrus
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Larkin K, Toloza AC, Gabrie JA, Rodríguez CA, Rueda MM, Matamoros G, Palacio O, Jamani S, Fontecha G, Sanchez AL. First Detection of Acinetobacter baumannii in Pediculus humanus capitis from Latin America. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:345. [PMID: 37505641 PMCID: PMC10386172 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8070345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have documented the presence of Acinetobacter baumannii, a known multi-drug-resistant pathogen, in the human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis. Since no reports from countries in Latin America have been published, the aim of the present study was to determine whether A. baumannii was present in head lice specimens collected in this geographic region. Head lice specimens from Argentina, Colombia, and Honduras were analyzed. PCR assays were performed to confirm the specimens' species and to investigate whether the DNA of A. baumannii was present. The products of the latter were sequenced to confirm bacterial identity. Altogether, 122 pools of head lice were analyzed, of which two (1.64%) were positive for A. baumannii's DNA. The positive head lice had been collected at the poorest study site in Honduras. The remaining specimens were negative. This study is the first to report the presence of A. baumannii in human head lice from Latin America. Further investigations are required to elucidate whether these ectoparasites can serve as natural reservoirs or even effectively transmit A. baumannii to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Larkin
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Ariel Ceferino Toloza
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (CONICET-UNIDEF), Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires 1603, Argentina
| | - Jose Antonio Gabrie
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Carol A Rodríguez
- Department of Parasitology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Boulevard Suyapa, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras
| | - Maria Mercedes Rueda
- Department of Parasitology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Boulevard Suyapa, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras
| | - Gabriela Matamoros
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Boulevard Suyapa, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras
| | - Oscar Palacio
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Shabana Jamani
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Gustavo Fontecha
- Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Boulevard Suyapa, Tegucigalpa 11101, Honduras
| | - Ana L Sanchez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Sasaki T, Matsuoka M, Sawabe K, Isawa H, Shibayama K, Kobayashi M. Detection of Bartonella quintana (Hyphomicrobiales: Bartonellaceae) Among Day Laborers in Osaka, Japan, 2009-2010. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:408-411. [PMID: 36708061 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bartonella quintana is a gram-negative bacterium causing trench fever, an illness historically acquired by soldiers during World War I. More recently, outbreaks of trench fever have been reported in those experiencing homelessness in the United States, France, Russia, and Tokyo, as well as in children in Nepal and persons in Ethiopia. Reports of B. quintana infection outside of Tokyo are rare in Japan. The aim of this study was to examine body lice and blood obtained from people staying in shelters in Osaka (2009-2010) for B. quintana via polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Day laborers were defined as homeless individuals and shelter residents in this study. We detected genes of B. quintana in body lice by PCR and antibodies against B. quintana. The positive rate of B. quintana genes was 6/10 (60%) in body lice and the seroprevalence (IgG) of B. quintana was 4/10 (40%). This demonstrates that trench fever was endemic in people staying in shelters in Osaka in 2009-2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Sasaki
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Mayumi Matsuoka
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology, Drug Resistance and Pathogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Expression of Concern: Distinguishing Body Lice from Head Lice by Multiplex Real-Time PCR Analysis of the Phum_PHUM540560 Gene. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278004. [PMID: 36512552 PMCID: PMC9747009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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8
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Wright CJ, Smith CWJ, Jiggins CD. Alternative splicing as a source of phenotypic diversity. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:697-710. [PMID: 35821097 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A major goal of evolutionary genetics is to understand the genetic processes that give rise to phenotypic diversity in multicellular organisms. Alternative splicing generates multiple transcripts from a single gene, enriching the diversity of proteins and phenotypic traits. It is well established that alternative splicing contributes to key innovations over long evolutionary timescales, such as brain development in bilaterians. However, recent developments in long-read sequencing and the generation of high-quality genome assemblies for diverse organisms has facilitated comparisons of splicing profiles between closely related species, providing insights into how alternative splicing evolves over shorter timescales. Although most splicing variants are probably non-functional, alternative splicing is nonetheless emerging as a dynamic, evolutionarily labile process that can facilitate adaptation and contribute to species divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Wright
- Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Fu YT, Yao C, Deng YP, Elsheikha HM, Shao R, Zhu XQ, Liu GH. Human pediculosis, a global public health problem. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:58. [PMID: 35619191 PMCID: PMC9134731 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pediculosis is caused by hematophagous lice, which are transmitted between individuals via direct and/or indirect contact. Despite the public health importance of louse infestation, information concerning the global burden of pediculosis and the epidemiological landscape of louse-borne diseases is limited. The aim of this review was to summarize the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of lice infestation in humans. We also discussed the latest advances in molecular taxonomy and molecular genetics of lice. METHODS We searched five electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, VIP Chinese Journal Database, and Wanfang Data) and followed a standard approach for conducting scoping reviews to identify studies on various aspects of human lice. Relevant information reported in the identified studies were collated, categorized, and summarized. RESULTS A total of 282 studies were eligible for the final review. Human pediculosis remains a public health issue affecting millions of people worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that head lice and body lice should be considered conspecific, with different genotypes and ecotypes. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial (mt) cytb gene sequences identified six distinct clades of lice worldwide. In addition to the direct effect on human health, lice can serve as vectors of disease-causing pathogens. The use of insecticides plays a crucial role in the treatment and prevention of louse infestation. Genome sequencing has advanced our knowledge of the genetic structure and evolutionary biology of human lice. CONCLUSIONS Human pediculosis is a public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries. More progress can be made if emphasis is placed on the use of emerging omics technologies to elucidate the mechanisms that underpin the physiological, ecological, and evolutionary aspects of lice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tian Fu
- Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Chaoqun Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Yuan-Ping Deng
- Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Hany M. Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Renfu Shao
- Centre for Bioinnovation, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556 Australia
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan China
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Santibáñez S, Caruz A, Márquez-Constán J, Portillo A, Oteo JA, Márquez FJ. Serologic study of Bartonella sp. infection among human population of Southern Spain. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 40:179-182. [PMID: 35473988 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of IgG antibodies against Bartonella sp. in a randomly selected sample from the population of the patients of North Sanitary District of Jaén. METHODS We used a commercially available immunofluorescent test (Focus-Technology IFA Bartonella quintana and B. henselae test). RESULTS Six hundred five healthy individuals were divided by sex into three age groups. We detected that 13.55% and 11.07% subjects were IgG seropositive to B. henselae and B. quintana, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the prevalence of both Bartonella species in Andalusia (Southern Spain) is relatively high. No statistical difference in the seropositivity was observed among these groups. In both cases, the IgG antibody titers ranged from 1/128 to 1/512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Santibáñez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Antonio Caruz
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Aránzazu Portillo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Oteo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Francisco J Márquez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
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Amanzougaghene N, Drali R, Shako JC, Davoust B, Fenollar F, Raoult D, Mediannikov O. High Genetic Diversity and Rickettsia felis in Pediculus humanus Lice Infesting Mbuti (pygmy people), -Democratic Republic of Congo. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:834388. [PMID: 35310843 PMCID: PMC8924665 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.834388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediculus humanus is an obligate bloodsucking parasite of humans that has two ecotypes, the head louse and the body louse, which share an intimate history of coevolution with their human host. In the present work, we obtained and analysed head and body lice collected from Mbuti pygmies living in the Orientale province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cytochrome b DNA analysis was performed in order to type the six known lice clades (A, D, B, F, C and E). The results revealed the presence of two mitochondrial clades. Clade D was the most frequent (61.7% of 47), followed by clade A (38.3% of 47). Sixteen haplotypes were found in 47 samples, of which thirteen were novel haplotypes, indicating an unusually high genetic diversity that closely mirrors the diversity of their hosts. Moreover, we report for the first time the presence of the DNA of R. felis in three (6.4% of 47) head and body lice belonging to both clades A and D. Additional studies are needed to clarify whether the Pediculus lice can indeed transmit this emerging zoonotic bacterium to their human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Amanzougaghene
- Aix Marseille Univ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution (MEPHI), Phylogénie et Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Rezak Drali
- Aix Marseille Univ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution (MEPHI), Phylogénie et Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Plateforme Génomique - Bioinformatique, Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Rue du Petit Staouéli, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Univ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution (MEPHI), Phylogénie et Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Aix Marseille Univ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution (MEPHI), Phylogénie et Infection, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Vecteurs – Infections Tropicales et Méditeranéennes (VITROME), Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution (MEPHI), Phylogénie et Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Microbes, Evolution (MEPHI), Phylogénie et Infection, Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU)-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Oleg Mediannikov,
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Benyahia H, Ouarti B, Diarra AZ, Boucheikhchoukh M, Meguini MN, Behidji M, Benakhla A, Parola P, Almeras L. Identification of Lice Stored in Alcohol Using MALDI-TOF MS. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1126-1133. [PMID: 33346344 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lice pose major public and veterinary health problems with economic consequences. Their identification is essential and requires the development of an innovative strategy. MALDI-TOF MS has recently been proposed as a quick, inexpensive, and accurate tool for the identification of arthropods. Alcohol is one of the most frequently used storage methods and makes it possible to store samples for long periods at room temperature. Several recent studies have reported that alcohol alters protein profiles resulting from MS analysis. After preliminary studies on frozen lice, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of alcohol preservation on the accuracy of lice identification by MALDI-TOF MS. To this end, lice stored in alcohol for variable periods were submitted for MS analysis and sample preparation protocols were optimized. The reproducibility and specificity of the MS spectra obtained on both these arthropod families allowed us to implement the reference MS spectra database (DB) with protein profiles of seven lice species stored in alcohol. Blind tests revealed a correct identification of 93.9% of Pediculus humanus corporis (Linnaeus, 1758) and 98.4% of the other lice species collected in the field. This study demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS could be successfully used for the identification of lice stored in alcohol for different lengths of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanene Benyahia
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Basma Ouarti
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Adama Zan Diarra
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Mehdi Boucheikhchoukh
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, El-Tarf, 36000, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Nadir Meguini
- Institute of Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, Souk-Ahras, Algeria
| | - Makhlouf Behidji
- Institute of Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, Souk-Ahras, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Benakhla
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University, El-Tarf, 36000, Algeria
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Almeras
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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Sasaki T, Adachi T, Itoh K, Kubota M, Yamagishi T, Hirao M, Isawa H, Oishi K, Shibayama K, Sawabe K. Detection of Bartonella quintana infection among the Homeless Population in Tokyo, Japan, from 2013-2015. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 74:411-415. [PMID: 33518618 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several outbreaks of trench fever caused by Bartonella quintana, occurred in soldiers during World Wars I and II. Although the number of trench fever cases has been decreasing worldwide, the disease has been reported among the homeless population in both developing and developed countries. The current prevalence of B. quintana infection in Japan is unclear. We collected blood and body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) samples from homeless inpatients who had body lice at the time of emergency hospitalization in Tokyo from January 2013 to March 2015. Patients were tested for B. quintana infections using culture method, polymerase chain reaction, and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Among the 29 patients tested, the presence of Bartonella spp. was confirmed by genomic sequencing of DNA extracted from the samples from 2 patients (blood culture performed for 13 out of 15 patients), and from body louse samples of 20 patients (69%). Immunoglobulin G against B. quintana was detected in 10 patients (34.5%) at a cut-off titer of 1:256 in IFA. B. quintana infection was detected in samples obtained between 2013 and 2015 in Tokyo and needs to be on the list of differential diagnoses performed for febrile homeless individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Sasaki
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | | | | | - Mayumi Kubota
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamagishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | | | - Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Keigo Shibayama
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
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Molecular Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Haplogroup E Human Lice in Guinea, West Africa. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020257. [PMID: 33513865 PMCID: PMC7911403 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediculus humanus capitis, the head louse, is an obligate blood-sucking ectoparasite that occurs in six divergent mitochondrial clades (A, D, B, F, C and E). Several studies reported the presence of different pathogenic agents in head lice specimens collected worldwide. These findings suggest that head louse could be a dangerous vector and a serious public health problem. Herein, we aimed to study the mitochondrial genetic diversity, the PHUM540560 gene polymorphisms profile of head lice collected in Guinea, as well as to screen for their associated pathogens. In 2018, a total of 155 head lice were collected from 49 individuals at the Medicals Centers of rural (Maférinyah village) and urban (Kindia city) areas, in Guinea. Specimens were subjected to a genetic analysis and pathogens screening using molecular tools. Results showed that all head lice belonged to eight haplotypes in the E haplogroup, with six newly identified for the first time. The study of the PHUM540560 gene polymorphisms of our clade E-head lice revealed that 82.5% exhibited the same polymorphism profile as the previously reported clade A-body lice. Screening for targeted pathogens revealed the presence of Acinetobacter spp., while sequencing highlighted the presence of several species, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Acinetobacter variabilis, Acinetobacter towneri and for the first time Acinetobacter haemolyticus. Our study is the first to report the existence of the Guinean haplogroup E, the PHUM540560 gene polymorphism profile as well as the presence of Acinetobacter species in head lice collected from Guinea.
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Santibáñez S, Caruz A, Márquez-Constán J, Portillo A, Oteo JA, Márquez FJ. Serologic study of Bartonella sp. infection among human population of Southern Spain. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2020; 40:S0213-005X(20)30399-2. [PMID: 33334612 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of IgG antibodies against Bartonella sp. in a randomly selected sample from the population of the patients of North Sanitary District of Jaén. METHODS We used a commercially available immunofluorescent test (Focus-Technology IFA Bartonella quintana and B. henselae test). RESULTS Six hundred five healthy individuals were divided by sex into three age groups. We detected that 13.55% and 11.07% subjects were IgG seropositive to B. henselae and B. quintana, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the prevalence of both Bartonella species in Andalusia (Southern Spain) is relatively high. No statistical difference in the seropositivity was observed among these groups. In both cases, the IgG antibody titers ranged from 1/128 to 1/512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Santibáñez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Antonio Caruz
- Departamento de Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Aránzazu Portillo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Oteo
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Francisco J Márquez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
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López-Valencia D, Medina-Ortega ÁP, Hoyos-Samboní DF, Salguero C, Vásquez-Arteaga LR. Pediculosis capitis y transmisión potencial de enfermedades infecciosas reemergentes en Colombia. Revisión de la literatura. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v68n2.76604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. La infestación por piojos de la cabeza en humanos (Pediculus humanus capitis) se conoce como pediculosis capitis. Estos parásitos pueden ser vectores de enfermedades infecciosas con potencial reemergente.Objetivos. Revisar la literatura actual sobre las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza y realizar una breve descripción de sus manifestaciones clínicas.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO y Redalyc mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: años de publicación: 1938 a 2019; idioma: inglés y español; términos de búsqueda: “Pediculus”, “lice infestations”, “bacteria”, “emerging communicable diseases”, “Rickettsia”, “Bartonella”, “Borrelia”, “Acinetobacter”, “Yersinia“, and “Colombia”, y sus equivalentes en español.Resultados. De los 110 artículos incluidos, la mayoría correspondió a investigaciones originales (48.2%). A nivel mundial, numerosos estudios han reportado la transmisión de Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella quintana, Borrelia recurrentis, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii y Yersinia pestis, entre otras bacterias, por los piojos de la cabeza y del cuerpo en humanos.Conclusiones. Aunque las enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza son raras, guardan potencial reemergente en poblaciones afectadas por migraciones humanas, crisis sociopolíticas, indigencia e inmunosupresión. En Colombia no se han realizado investigaciones sobre la transmisión de estas enfermedades por Pediculus spp., por lo que se sugiere que en estudios futuros se determine la prevalencia y los aspectos epidemiológicos de las enfermedades transmitidas por piojos de la cabeza en población colombiana.
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Amanzougaghene N, Fenollar F, Raoult D, Mediannikov O. Where Are We With Human Lice? A Review of the Current State of Knowledge. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:474. [PMID: 32039050 PMCID: PMC6990135 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediculus humanus is an obligate bloodsucking ectoparasite of human that includes two ecotypes, head louse and body louse, which differ slightly in morphology and biology, but have distinct ecologies. Phylogenetically, they are classified on six mitochondrial clades (A, B, C, D, E, and F), head louse encompasses the full genetic diversity of clades, while body louse belongs to clades A and D. Recent studies suggested that not only body louse, but also head louse can transmit disease, which warrants greater attention as a serious public health problem. The recent sequencing of body louse genome confirmed that P. humanus has the smallest genome of any hemimetabolous insect reported to date, and also revealed numerous interesting characteristics in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The transcriptome analyses showed that body and head lice were almost genetically identical. Indeed, the phenotypic flexibility associated with the emergence of body lice, is probably a result of regulatory changes, perhaps epigenetic in origin, triggered by environmental signals. Current lice control strategies have proven unsuccessful. For instance, ivermectin represents a relatively new and very promising pediculicide. However, ivermectin resistance in the field has begun to be reported. Therefore, novel opportunities for pest control strategies are needed. Our objective here is to review the current state of knowledge on the biology, epidemiology, phylogeny, disease-vector and control of this fascinating and very intimate human parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Amanzougaghene
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Agany DDM, Potts R, Gonzalez Hernandez JL, Gnimpieba EZ, Pietri JE. Microbiome Differences between Human Head and Body Lice Ecotypes Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing. J Parasitol 2020. [DOI: 10.1645/19-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diing D. M. Agany
- University of South Dakota, Biomedical Engineering Program, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
| | - Rashaun Potts
- University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069
| | | | - Etienne Z. Gnimpieba
- University of South Dakota, Biomedical Engineering Program, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107
| | - Jose E. Pietri
- University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069
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Detection of bacterial pathogens in clade E head lice collected from Niger's refugees in Algeria. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:348. [PMID: 29907122 PMCID: PMC6003154 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis, are obligate blood-sucking parasites. Phylogenetically, they occur in five divergent mitochondrial clades (A, D, B, C and E), each having a particular geographical distribution. Recent studies have revealed that head lice, as is the case of body lice, can act as a vector for louse-borne diseases. Here, we aimed to study the genetic diversity of head lice collected from Niger’s refugees (migrant population) arriving in Algeria, northern Africa, and to look for louse-borne pathogens. Comparative head lice samples collected from indigenous population of schoolchildren (non-immigrant) were also analyzed to frame the study. Results In this study, 37 head lice samples were collected from 31 Nigerien refugees, as well as 45 head lice from 27 schoolchildren. The collection was established in three localities of eastern Algiers, north Algeria. Quantitative real-time PCR screening of pathogens bacteria and the genetic characterisation of the head lice satut were performed. Through amplification and sequencing of the cytb gene, results showed that all head lice of Nigerien refugees 37/82 (45.12%) belonged to clade E with the presence of four new haplotypes, while, of the 45 head lice of schoolchildren, 34/82 lice (41.46%) belonged to clade A and 11/82 (13.41%) belonged to clade B. Our study is the first to report the existence of clade E haplogroup in Nigerien head lice. DNA of Coxiella burnetii was detected in 3/37 (8.10%) of the head lice collected from 3 of the 31 (9.67%) migrant population. We also revealed the presence of Acinetobacter DNA in 20/37 (54.05%) of head lice collected from 25/31 (80.64%) of the Nigerien refugees, and in 25/45 (55.55%) head lice collected from 15/27 (55.55%) schoolchildren. All positive Nigerien-head lice for Acinetobacter spp. were identified as A. baumannii, while positive schoolchildren-head lice were identified as A. johnsonii 15/25 (60%), A. variabilis 8/25 (32%) and A. baumannii 2/25 (8%). Conclusions Based on these findings from head lice collected on migrant and non-migrant population, our results show, for the first time, that head lice from Niger belong to haplogroup E, and confirm that the clade E had a west African distribution. We also detected, for the first time, the presence of C. burnetii and A. baumannii in these Nigerien head lice. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to determine whether the head lice can transmit these pathogenic bacteria from one person to another.
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Faccini-Martínez ÁA, Márquez AC, Bravo-Estupiñan DM, Calixto OJ, López-Castillo CA, Botero-García CA, Hidalgo M, Cuervo C. Bartonella quintana and Typhus Group Rickettsiae Exposure among Homeless Persons, Bogotá, Colombia. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:1876-1879. [PMID: 29048284 PMCID: PMC5652414 DOI: 10.3201/eid2311.170341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2015, we investigated Bartonella quintana and typhus group rickettsiae in body lice from homeless persons in Bogotá, Colombia. We found B. quintana–infected body lice and seroprevalence of this microorganism in 19% of homeless persons and typhus group rickettsiae in 56%. Public health professionals should start preemptive measures and active vector control.
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Laroche M, Bérenger JM, Delaunay P, Charrel R, Pradines B, Berger F, Ranque S, Bitam I, Davoust B, Raoult D, Parola P. Medical Entomology: A Reemerging Field of Research to Better Understand Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 65:S30-S38. [PMID: 28859353 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the Chikungunya and Zika virus outbreaks have turned public attention to the possibility of the expansion of vector-borne infectious diseases worldwide. Medical entomology is focused on the study of arthropods involved in human health. We review here some of the research approaches taken by the medical entomology team of the University Hospital Institute (UHI) Méditerranée Infection of Marseille, France, with the support of recent or representative studies. We propose our approaches to technical innovations in arthropod identification and the detection of microorganisms in arthropods, the use of arthropods as epidemiological or diagnostic tools, entomological investigations around clinical cases or within specific populations, and how we have developed experimental models to decipher the interactions between arthropods, microorganisms, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Laroche
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
| | - Jean-Michel Bérenger
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
| | - Pascal Delaunay
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital de l'Archet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis
| | - Remi Charrel
- UMR "Emergence des Pathologies Virales" (EPV: Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, EHESP), AP-HM, IHU Méditerranée Infection
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille ( AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille.,Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées.,Centre National de Référence du Paludisme
| | - Franck Berger
- GSBDD Marseille-Aubagne, Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
| | - Idir Bitam
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions Génomes, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS 7278, IRD 198 (Dakar, Sénégal), Inserm 1095, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille
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Louni M, Mana N, Bitam I, Dahmani M, Parola P, Fenollar F, Raoult D, Mediannikov O. Body lice of homeless people reveal the presence of several emerging bacterial pathogens in northern Algeria. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006397. [PMID: 29664950 PMCID: PMC5922582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human lice, Pediculus humanus, are obligate blood-sucking parasites. Body lice, Pediculus h. humanus, occur in two divergent mitochondrial clades (A and D) each exhibiting a particular geographic distribution. Currently, the body louse is recognized as the only vector for louse-borne diseases. In this study, we aimed to study the genetic diversity of body lice collected from homeless populations in three localities of northern Algeria, and to investigate louse-borne pathogens in these lice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, 524 body lice specimens were collected from 44 homeless people in three localities: Algiers, Tizi Ouzou and Boumerdès located in northern Algeria. Duplex clade specific real-time PCRs (qPCR) and Cytochrome b (cytb) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis were performed in order to identify the mitochondrial clade. Screening of louse-borne pathogens bacteria was based on targeting specific genes for each pathogen using qPCR supplemented by sequencing. All body lice belong to clade A. Through amplification and sequencing of the cytb gene we confirmed the presence of three haplotypes: A5, A9 and A63, which is novel. The molecular investigation of the 524 body lice samples revealed the presence of four human pathogens: Bartonella quintana (13.35%), Coxiella burnetii (10.52%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (0.76%) and Acinetobacter species (A. baumannii, A. johnsonii, A. berezeniae, A. nosocomialis and A. variabilis, in total 46.94%). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to show the genetic diversity and presence of several emerging pathogenic bacteria in homeless' body lice from Algeria. We also report for the first time, the presence of several species of Acinetobacter in human body lice. Our results highlight the fact that body lice may be suspected as being a much broader vector of several pathogenic agents than previously thought. Nevertheless, other studies are needed to encourage epidemiological investigations and surveys of louse-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Louni
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Valorisation et Conservation des Ressources Biologiques (VALCORE), Faculté des Sciences, Université M’Hamed Bougara Boumerdes, Boumerdès, Algeria
| | - Nassima Mana
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions, Génomes, Département de Biologie, Université des Sciences et Technologies Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
| | - Idir Bitam
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions, Génomes, Département de Biologie, Université des Sciences et Technologies Houari Boumediene, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
- Ecole Supérieure des Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agro-Alimentaires, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mustapha Dahmani
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Amanzougaghene N, Fenollar F, Sangaré AK, Sissoko MS, Doumbo OK, Raoult D, Mediannikov O. Detection of bacterial pathogens including potential new species in human head lice from Mali. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184621. [PMID: 28931077 PMCID: PMC5606924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In poor African countries, where no medical and biological facilities are available, the identification of potential emerging pathogens of concern at an early stage is challenging. Head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis, have a short life, feed only on human blood and do not transmit pathogens to their progeny. They are, therefore, a perfect tool for the xenodiagnosis of current or recent human infection. This study assessed the occurrence of bacterial pathogens from head lice collected in two rural villages from Mali, where a high frequency of head lice infestation had previously been reported, using molecular methods. Results show that all 600 head lice, collected from 117 individuals, belonged to clade E, specific to West Africa. Bartonella quintana, the causative agent of trench fever, was identified in three of the 600 (0.5%) head lice studied. Our study also shows, for the first time, the presence of the DNA of two pathogenic bacteria, namely Coxiella burnetii (5.1%) and Rickettsia aeschlimannii (0.6%), detected in human head lice, as well as the DNA of potential new species from the Anaplasma and Ehrlichia genera of unknown pathogenicity. The finding of several Malian head lice infected with B. quintana, C. burnetii, R. aeschlimannii, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia is alarming and highlights the need for active survey programs to define the public health consequences of the detection of these emerging bacterial pathogens in human head lice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Amanzougaghene
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INSERM, AP-HM, URMITE, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INSERM, AP-HM, URMITE, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Abdoul Karim Sangaré
- University of Bamako, Epidemiology Department of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (MRTC/DEAP/FMOS-FAPH), Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou S. Sissoko
- University of Bamako, Epidemiology Department of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (MRTC/DEAP/FMOS-FAPH), Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara K. Doumbo
- University of Bamako, Epidemiology Department of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (MRTC/DEAP/FMOS-FAPH), Bamako, Mali
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INSERM, AP-HM, URMITE, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Campus International UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- * E-mail: (OM); (DR)
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INSERM, AP-HM, URMITE, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Campus International UCAD-IRD, Dakar, Senegal
- * E-mail: (OM); (DR)
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Al-Shahrani SA, Alajmi RA, Ayaad TH, Al-Shahrani MA, Shaurub ESH. Genetic diversity of the human head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis, among primary school girls in Saudi Arabia, with reference to their prevalence. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2637-2643. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Abstract
Lice are a classic example of cospeciation. Human lice confirm this cospeciation with lice specialized in hominids which differ from those of gorillas and chimpanzees. Head lice and body lice seem to belong to closely related species with different ecotypes and a different geographical distribution which may reflect population movements. Paleo-entomology allows us in some cases to trace the migrations of archaic human populations. The analysis of lice found on mummies in Egypt and South America has clarified a certain number of these migrations, also the study of lice and the diseases they transmit has shed a new light on the epidemics of the past.
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Leulmi H, Diatta G, Sokhna C, Rolain JM, Raoult D. Assessment of oral ivermectin versus shampoo in the treatment of pediculosis (head lice infestation) in rural areas of Sine-Saloum, Senegal. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:627-632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Sangaré AK, Doumbo OK, Raoult D. Management and Treatment of Human Lice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8962685. [PMID: 27529073 PMCID: PMC4978820 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8962685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Of the three lice (head, body, and pubic louse) that infest humans, the body louse is the species involved in epidemics of louse-borne typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever, but all the three cause pediculosis. Their infestations occur today in many countries despite great efforts to maintain high standards of public health. In this review, literature searches were performed through PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost, with key search words of "Pediculus humanus", "lice infestation", "pediculosis", and "treatment"; and controlled clinical trials were viewed with great interest. Removing lice by hand or with a lice comb, heating infested clothing, and shaving the scalp were some of the oldest methods of controlling human lice. Despite the introduction of other resources including cresol, naphthalene, sulfur, mercury, vinegar, petroleum, and insecticides, the numbers of lice infestation cases and resistance have increased. To date, viable alternative treatments to replace insecticides have been developed experimentally in vitro. Today, the development of new treatment strategies such as symbiotic treatment and synergistic treatment (antibiotics + ivermectin) in vitro has proved effective and is promising. Here, we present an overview on managing and treating human lice and highlight new strategies to more effectively fight pediculosis and prevent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul Karim Sangaré
- Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Epidemiology Department of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (MRTC/DEAP/FMOS-FAPH) UMI3189, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara K. Doumbo
- Epidemiology Department of Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology, Faculty of Pharmacy (MRTC/DEAP/FMOS-FAPH) UMI3189, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Didier Raoult
- Research Unit on Emerging Infectious and Tropical Diseases (URMITE), UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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Tovar-Corona JM, Castillo-Morales A, Chen L, Olds BP, Clark JM, Reynolds SE, Pittendrigh BR, Feil EJ, Urrutia AO. Alternative Splice in Alternative Lice. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:2749-59. [PMID: 26169943 PMCID: PMC4576711 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic and transcriptomics analyses have revealed human head and body lice to be almost genetically identical; although con-specific, they nevertheless occupy distinct ecological niches and have differing feeding patterns. Most importantly, while head lice are not known to be vector competent, body lice can transmit three serious bacterial diseases; epidemictyphus, trench fever, and relapsing fever. In order to gain insights into the molecular bases for these differences, we analyzed alternative splicing (AS) using next-generation sequencing data for one strain of head lice and one strain of body lice. We identified a total of 3,598 AS events which were head or body lice specific. Exon skipping AS events were overrepresented among both head and body lice, whereas intron retention events were underrepresented in both. However, both the enrichment of exon skipping and the underrepresentation of intron retention are significantly stronger in body lice compared with head lice. Genes containing body louse-specific AS events were found to be significantly enriched for functions associated with development of the nervous system, salivary gland, trachea, and ovarian follicle cells, as well as regulation of transcription. In contrast, no functional categories were overrepresented among genes with head louse-specific AS events. Together, our results constitute the first evidence for transcript pool differences in head and body lice, providing insights into molecular adaptations that enabled human lice to adapt to clothing, and representing a powerful illustration of the pivotal role AS can play in functional adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M Tovar-Corona
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom Milner Centre, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Atahualpa Castillo-Morales
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom Milner Centre, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Lu Chen
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Brett P Olds
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
| | - Stuart E Reynolds
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Edward J Feil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom Milner Centre, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Araxi O Urrutia
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom Milner Centre, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Drali R, Shako JC, Davoust B, Diatta G, Raoult D. A New Clade of African Body and Head Lice Infected by Bartonella quintana and Yersinia pestis-Democratic Republic of the Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93:990-3. [PMID: 26392158 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body louse is known as a vector for the transmission of three serious diseases-specifically, epidemic typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever caused by Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella quintana, and Borrelia recurrentis, respectively-that have killed millions of people. It is also suspected in the transmission of a fourth pathogen, Yersinia pestis, which is the etiologic agent of plague. To date, human lice belonging to the genus Pediculus have been classified into three mitochondrial clades: A, B, and C. Here, we describe a fourth mitochondrial clade, Clade D, comprising head and body lice. Clade D may be a vector of B. quintana and Y. pestis, which is prevalent in a highly plague-endemic area near the Rethy Health District, Orientale Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezak Drali
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 7278 (CNRS7278), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement No. 198 (IRD198), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité No. 1095 (InsermU1095), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Plague Reference Laboratory, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Institute of Research for the Development, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jean-Christophe Shako
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 7278 (CNRS7278), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement No. 198 (IRD198), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité No. 1095 (InsermU1095), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Plague Reference Laboratory, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Institute of Research for the Development, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 7278 (CNRS7278), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement No. 198 (IRD198), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité No. 1095 (InsermU1095), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Plague Reference Laboratory, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Institute of Research for the Development, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Georges Diatta
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 7278 (CNRS7278), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement No. 198 (IRD198), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité No. 1095 (InsermU1095), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Plague Reference Laboratory, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Institute of Research for the Development, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique No. 7278 (CNRS7278), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement No. 198 (IRD198), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité No. 1095 (InsermU1095), Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Plague Reference Laboratory, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Institute of Research for the Development, Dakar, Senegal
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Ashfaq M, Prosser S, Nasir S, Masood M, Ratnasingham S, Hebert PDN. High diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, Pediculus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera). Sci Rep 2015; 5:14188. [PMID: 26373806 PMCID: PMC4570997 DOI: 10.1038/srep14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study analyzes sequence variation of two mitochondrial genes (COI, cytb) in Pediculus humanus from three countries (Egypt, Pakistan, South Africa) that have received little prior attention, and integrates these results with prior data. Analysis indicates a maximum K2P distance of 10.3% among 960 COI sequences and 13.8% among 479 cytb sequences. Three analytical methods (BIN, PTP, ABGD) reveal five concordant OTUs for COI and cytb. Neighbor-Joining analysis of the COI sequences confirm five clusters; three corresponding to previously recognized mitochondrial clades A, B, C and two new clades, "D" and "E", showing 2.3% and 2.8% divergence from their nearest neighbors (NN). Cytb data corroborate five clusters showing that clades "D" and "E" are both 4.6% divergent from their respective NN clades. Phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of all clusters recovered by NJ analysis. Divergence time estimates suggest that the earliest split of P. humanus clades occurred slightly more than one million years ago (MYa) and the latest about 0.3 MYa. Sequence divergences in COI and cytb among the five clades of P. humanus are 10X those in their human host, a difference that likely reflects both rate acceleration and the acquisition of lice clades from several archaic hominid lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Prosser
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Saima Nasir
- Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mariyam Masood
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Paul D N Hebert
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Bressa MJ, Papeschi AG, Toloza AC. Cytogenetic Features of Human Head and Body Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 52:918-24. [PMID: 26336229 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The genus Pediculus L. that parasitize humans comprise two subspecies: the head lice Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer and the body lice Pediculus humanus humanus De Geer. Despite the 200 yr of the first description of these two species, there is still a long debate about their taxonomic status. Some authors proposed that these organisms are separate species, conspecifics, or grouped in clades. The sequencing of both forms indicated that the difference between them is one gene absent in the head louse. However, their chromosomal number remains to be determined. In this study, we described the male and female karyotypes, and male meiosis of head and body lice, and examined the chromatin structure by means of C-banding. In P. h. humanus and P. h. capitis, the diploid chromosome complement was 2 n = 12 in both sexes. In oogonial prometaphase and metaphase and spermatogonial metaphase, it is evident that chromosomes lack of a primary constriction. No identifiable sex chromosomes or B chromosomes were observed in head and body lice. Neither chiasmata nor chromatin connections between homologous chromosomes were detected in male meiosis. The meiotic behaviour of the chromosomes showed that they are holokinetic. C-banding revealed the absence of constitutive heterochromatin. Our results provide relevant information to be used in mapping studies of genes associated with sex determination and environmental sensing and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Bressa
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alba Graciela Papeschi
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Ceferino Toloza
- Centro de Investigaciones de Plagas e Insecticidas (UNIDEF/CONICET), Juan Bautista de La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Drali R, Sangaré AK, Boutellis A, Angelakis E, Veracx A, Socolovschi C, Brouqui P, Raoult D. Bartonella quintana in body lice from scalp hair of homeless persons, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:907-8. [PMID: 24751237 PMCID: PMC4012801 DOI: 10.3201/eid2005.131242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium triplex DSM 44626. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/3/e00499-14. [PMID: 24874681 PMCID: PMC4038886 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00499-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
We announce the draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium triplex
strain DSM 44626, a nontuberculosis species responsible for opportunistic infections. The genome described here is composed of 6,382,840 bp, with a G+C content of 66.57%, and contains 5,988 protein-coding genes and 81 RNA genes.
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Sangaré AK, Boutellis A, Drali R, Socolovschi C, Barker SC, Diatta G, Rogier C, Olive MM, Doumbo OK, Raoult D. Detection of Bartonella quintana in African body and head lice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:294-301. [PMID: 24935950 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the body louse is the only recognized vector of Bartonella quintana, an organism that causes trench fever. In this work, we investigated the prevalence of this bacterium in human lice in different African countries. We tested 616 head lice and 424 body lice from nine African countries using real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting intergenic spacer region 2 and specific B. quintana genes. Overall, B. quintana DNA was found in 54% and 2% of body and head lice, respectively. Our results also show that there are more body lice positive for B. quintana in poor countries, which was determined by the gross domestic product, than in wealthy areas (228/403 versus 0/21, P < 0.001). A similar finding was obtained for head lice (8/226 versus 2/390, P = 0.007). Our findings suggest that head lice in Africa may be infected by B. quintana when patients live in poor economic conditions and are also exposed to body lice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul Karim Sangaré
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)63, 7278 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, University of Aix, Marseille, France; IRD, Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal; Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, Ambohitrakely, Madagascar; University of Bamako, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Département d'Epidemiologie des Affections Parasitaires (DEAP)/Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie (FMPOS)-Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI)3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amina Boutellis
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)63, 7278 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, University of Aix, Marseille, France; IRD, Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal; Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, Ambohitrakely, Madagascar; University of Bamako, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Département d'Epidemiologie des Affections Parasitaires (DEAP)/Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie (FMPOS)-Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI)3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Rezak Drali
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)63, 7278 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, University of Aix, Marseille, France; IRD, Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal; Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, Ambohitrakely, Madagascar; University of Bamako, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Département d'Epidemiologie des Affections Parasitaires (DEAP)/Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie (FMPOS)-Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI)3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Cristina Socolovschi
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)63, 7278 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, University of Aix, Marseille, France; IRD, Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal; Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, Ambohitrakely, Madagascar; University of Bamako, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Département d'Epidemiologie des Affections Parasitaires (DEAP)/Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie (FMPOS)-Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI)3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Stephen C Barker
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)63, 7278 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, University of Aix, Marseille, France; IRD, Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal; Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, Ambohitrakely, Madagascar; University of Bamako, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Département d'Epidemiologie des Affections Parasitaires (DEAP)/Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie (FMPOS)-Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI)3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Georges Diatta
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)63, 7278 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, University of Aix, Marseille, France; IRD, Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal; Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, Ambohitrakely, Madagascar; University of Bamako, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Département d'Epidemiologie des Affections Parasitaires (DEAP)/Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie (FMPOS)-Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI)3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Christophe Rogier
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)63, 7278 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, University of Aix, Marseille, France; IRD, Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal; Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, Ambohitrakely, Madagascar; University of Bamako, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Département d'Epidemiologie des Affections Parasitaires (DEAP)/Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie (FMPOS)-Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI)3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Marie-Marie Olive
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)63, 7278 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, University of Aix, Marseille, France; IRD, Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal; Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, Ambohitrakely, Madagascar; University of Bamako, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Département d'Epidemiologie des Affections Parasitaires (DEAP)/Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie (FMPOS)-Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI)3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)63, 7278 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, University of Aix, Marseille, France; IRD, Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal; Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, Ambohitrakely, Madagascar; University of Bamako, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Département d'Epidemiologie des Affections Parasitaires (DEAP)/Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie (FMPOS)-Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI)3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)63, 7278 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1095, University of Aix, Marseille, France; IRD, Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)-IRD of Hann, Dakar, Senegal; Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, Ambohitrakely, Madagascar; University of Bamako, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC)/Département d'Epidemiologie des Affections Parasitaires (DEAP)/Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d'Odontostomatologie (FMPOS)-Unité Mixte Internationale (UMI)3189, Bamako, Mali
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35
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Boutellis A, Abi-Rached L, Raoult D. The origin and distribution of human lice in the world. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 23:209-17. [PMID: 24524985 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two genera of lice parasitize humans: Pthirus and Pediculus. The latter is of significant public health importance and comprises two ecotypes: the body louse and the head louse. These ecotypes are morphologically and genetically notably similar; the body louse is responsible for three infectious diseases: Louse-borne epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever. Mitochondrial DNA studies have shown that there are three obviously divergent clades of head lice (A, B and C), and only one clade of body lice is shared with head lice (clade A). Each clade has a unique geographic distribution. Lice have been parasitizing humans for millions of years and likely dispersed throughout the World with the human migrations out of Africa, so they can be good markers for studying human evolution. Here, we present an overview of the origin of human lice and their role in vector pathogenic bacteria that caused epidemics, and we review the association between lice clades and human migrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Boutellis
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Abi-Rached
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Analyse, Topologie, Probabilités - Unité Mixte de Recherche 7353, Equipe ATIP, Aix-Marseille Université, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes: URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Bonilla DL, Durden LA, Eremeeva ME, Dasch GA. The biology and taxonomy of head and body lice--implications for louse-borne disease prevention. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003724. [PMID: 24244157 PMCID: PMC3828170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denise L. Bonilla
- Vector-Borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lance A. Durden
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marina E. Eremeeva
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Dasch
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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