1
|
Jia D, Han J, Cai J, Huan Z, Wang Y, Ge X. Mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing PBX1 alleviates haemorrhagic shock-induced kidney damage by inhibiting NF-κB activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119571. [PMID: 37673222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have favourable outcomes in the treatment of kidney diseases. Pre-B-cell leukaemia transcription factor 1 (PBX1) has been reported to be a regulator of self-renewal of stem cells. Whether PBX1 is beneficial to MSCs in the treatment of haemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced kidney damage is unknown. We overexpressed PBX1 in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) to treat rats with HS and hypoxia-treated human proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2), respectively. The results indicated that PBX1 enhanced the homing capacity of rBMSCs to kidney tissues and that treatment with rBMSCs overexpressing PBX1 improved the indicators of kidney function, alleviated structural damage to kidney tissues. Furthermore, administration with rBMSCs overexpressing PBX1 inhibited HS-induced NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and further attenuated apoptosis. We then determined whether NF-κB, an important factor in NLRP3 activation and the regulation of inflammation, participates in HS-induced kidney damage, and we found that rBMSCs overexpressing PBX1 inhibited NF-κB activation by decreasing the p-IκBα/IκBα and p-p65/p65 ratios and inhibiting the nuclear translocation and decreasing the DNA-binding capacity of NF-κB. hBMSCs overexpressing PBX1 also exhibited protective effects on HK-2 cells exposed to hypoxia, as shown by the increase in cell viability, the mitigation of apoptosis, the decrease in inflammation, and the inhibition of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our study demonstrates that MSCs overexpressing PBX1 ameliorates HS-induced kidney damage by inhibiting NF-κB pathway-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jimin Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Huan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China; Orthopedic Institution of Wuxi City, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Hao D, Becker N, Müller A, Pishnamaz M, Bollheimer LC, Hildebrand F, Nourbakhsh M. Unsaturated Long-Chain Fatty Acids Activate Resident Macrophages and Stem Cells in a Human Skeletal Muscle Tissue Model. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1111. [PMID: 37626996 PMCID: PMC10452335 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypically heterogeneous populations of tissue-resident macrophages and stem cells play important roles in the regeneration of the skeletal muscle tissue. Previous studies using animal and cell culture models implied a beneficial effect of fatty acid (FA) species on tissue regeneration. Here, we applied a human experimental model using excised muscle tissues from reconstructive surgeries to study the effects of FAs on resident macrophages and stem cells in the natural environment of human skeletal muscle tissue. Muscle tissue samples from 20 donors were included in this study. The expression of 34 cytokines/chemokines was determined, using multiplex protein analysis. The phenotypes of macrophages and stem cells were determined immunohistochemically. The numbers of CD80+ macrophages correlated with the expression levels of IL-1α, IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-17A, and MCP-1, while the PAX7+ and MyoD+ stem cell counts were positively correlated with the expression level of CXCL12α, a recognized chemoattractant for muscle stem cells. Treatment of additional tissue sections with FAs revealed that CD80+ or MARCO+ macrophages- and PAX7+ or MyoD+ stem cells were simultaneously increased by unsaturated long-chain FAs. Taken together, this is the first experimental demonstration of a coordinated activation of macrophages and stem cells in human skeletal muscle tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- Clinic for Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.C.); (D.H.); (A.M.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Dandan Hao
- Clinic for Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.C.); (D.H.); (A.M.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Nils Becker
- Clinic for Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.B.); (M.P.); (F.H.)
| | - Aline Müller
- Clinic for Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.C.); (D.H.); (A.M.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Miguel Pishnamaz
- Clinic for Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.B.); (M.P.); (F.H.)
| | - Leo Cornelius Bollheimer
- Clinic for Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.C.); (D.H.); (A.M.); (L.C.B.)
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Clinic for Orthopedics, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.B.); (M.P.); (F.H.)
| | - Mahtab Nourbakhsh
- Clinic for Geriatric Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (X.C.); (D.H.); (A.M.); (L.C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Zhang Y, Cao J, Wang Y, Anwar N, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Ma Y, Xiao Y, Xiao L, Wang X. The role of autophagy in bone metabolism and clinical significance. Autophagy 2023:1-19. [PMID: 36858962 PMCID: PMC10392742 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2186112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system is the basis of the vertebral body composition, which affords stabilization sites for muscle attachment, protects vital organs, stores mineral ions, supplies places to the hematopoietic system, and participates in complex endocrine and immune system. Not surprisingly, bones are constantly reabsorbed, formed, and remodeled under physiological conditions. Once bone metabolic homeostasis is interrupted (including inflammation, tumors, fractures, and bone metabolic diseases), the body rapidly initiates bone regeneration to maintain bone tissue structure and quality. Macroautophagy/autophagy is an essential metabolic process in eukaryotic cells, which maintains metabolic energy homeostasis and plays a vital role in bone regeneration by controlling molecular degradation and organelle renewal. One relatively new observation is that mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and vascularization process exhibit autophagy, and the molecular mechanisms and targets involved are being explored and updated. The role of autophagy is also emerging in degenerative diseases (intervertebral disc degeneration [IVDD], osteoarthritis [OA], etc.) and bone metabolic diseases (osteoporosis [OP], osteitis deformans, osteosclerosis). The use of autophagy regulators to modulate autophagy has benefited bone regeneration, including MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) inhibitors, AMPK activators, and emerging phytochemicals. The application of biomaterials (especially nanomaterials) to trigger autophagy is also an attractive research direction, which can exert superior therapeutic properties from the material-loaded molecules/drugs or the material's properties such as shape, roughness, surface chemistry, etc. All of these have essential clinical significance with the discovery of autophagy associated signals, pathways, mechanisms, and treatments in bone diseases in the future.Abbreviations: Δψm: mitochondrial transmembrane potential AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase ARO: autosomal recessive osteosclerosis ATF4: activating transcription factor 4 ATG: autophagy-related β-ECD: β-ecdysone BMSC: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell ER: endoplasmic reticulum FOXO: forkhead box O GC: glucocorticoid HIF1A/HIF-1α: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha HSC: hematopoietic stem cell HSP: heat shock protein IGF1: insulin like growth factor 1 IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta IVDD: intervertebral disc degradation LPS: lipopolysaccharide MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase MSC: mesenchymal stem cell MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase NP: nucleus pulposus NPWT: negative pressure wound therapy OA: osteoarthritis OP: osteoporosis PTH: parathyroid hormone ROS: reactive oxygen species SIRT1: sirtuin 1 SIRT3: sirtuin 3 SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1 TNFRSF11B/OPG: TNF receptor superfamily member 11b TNFRSF11A/RANK: tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a TNFSF11/RANKL: tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 TSC1: tuberous sclerosis complex 1 ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nadia Anwar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine and Dentistry & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elmansi AM, Eisa NH, Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Kondrikova G, Kondrikov D, Calkins MM, Aguilar-Pérez A, Chen J, Johnson M, Shi XM, Reitman C, McGee-Lawrence ME, Crawford KS, Dwinell MB, Volkman BF, Blumer JB, Luttrell LM, McCorvy JD, Hill WD. DPP4-Truncated CXCL12 Alters CXCR4/ACKR3 Signaling, Osteogenic Cell Differentiation, Migration, and Senescence. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:22-39. [PMID: 36659961 PMCID: PMC9844133 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow skeletal stem cells (SSCs) secrete many cytokines including stromal derived factor-1 or CXCL12, which influences cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. All CXCL12 splice variants are rapidly truncated on their N-terminus by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). This includes the common variant CXCL12 alpha (1-68) releasing a much less studied metabolite CXCL12(3-68). Here, we found that CXCL12(3-68) significantly inhibited SSC osteogenic differentiation and RAW-264.7 cell osteoclastogenic differentiation and induced a senescent phenotype in SSCs. Importantly, pre-incubation of SSCs with CXCL12(3-68) significantly diminished their ability to migrate toward CXCL12(1-68) in transwell migration assays. Using a high-throughput G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) screen (GPCRome) and bioluminescent resonance energy transfer molecular interaction assays, we revealed that CXCL12(3-68) acts via the atypical cytokine receptor 3-mediated β-arrestin recruitment and as a competitive antagonist to CXCR4-mediated signaling. Finally, a reverse phase protein array assay revealed that DPP4-cleaved CXCL12 possesses a different downstream signaling profile from that of intact CXCL12 or controls. The data presented herein provides insights into regulation of CXCL12 signaling. Importantly, it demonstrates that DPP4 proteolysis of CXCL12 generates a metabolite with significantly different and previously overlooked bioactivity that helps explain discrepancies in the literature. This also contributes to an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis and bone fracture repair and could potentially significantly affect the interpretation of experimental outcomes with clinical consequences in other fields where CXCL12 is vital, including cancer biology, immunology, cardiovascular biology, neurobiology, and associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Elmansi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29403, United States
- Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical
Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United
States
- Department of Pathology, University of
Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United
States
| | - Nada H. Eisa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29403, United States
- Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical
Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United
States
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516,
Egypt
| | | | - Galina Kondrikova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29403, United States
- Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical
Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United
States
| | - Dmitry Kondrikov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29403, United States
- Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical
Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United
States
| | - Maggie M. Calkins
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy,
Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W. Watertown Plank Road,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Pérez
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis,
Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School
of Medicine, Universidad Central Del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto
Rico 00956, United States
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of
Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912,
United States
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Data Science,
Department of Population Health Science, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta
University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Maribeth Johnson
- Division of Biostatistics and Data Science,
Department of Population Health Science, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta
University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Xing-ming Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical
College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912,
United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative
Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University,
Augusta, Georgia 30912, United States
| | - Charles Reitman
- Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine Department,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29403, United States
| | - Meghan E. McGee-Lawrence
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of
Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912,
United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical
College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912,
United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of
Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912,
United States
| | - Kyler S. Crawford
- Department of Biochemistry,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226,
United States
| | - Michael B. Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226,
United States
| | - Brian F. Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226,
United States
| | - Joe B. Blumer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South
Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United
States
| | - Louis M. Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and
Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina,
Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United States
| | - John D. McCorvy
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy,
Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W. Watertown Plank Road,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - William D. Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South
Carolina 29403, United States
- Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical
Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, United
States
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of
Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912,
United States
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of
Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912,
United States
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs
Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia 30904, United
States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee E, Park SY, Moon JY, Ko JY, Kim TK, Im GI. Metabolic Switch Under Glucose Deprivation Leading to Discovery of NR2F1 as a Stimulus of Osteoblast Differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1382-1399. [PMID: 35462433 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Poor survival of grafted cells is the major impediment of successful cell-based therapies for bone regeneration. Implanted cells undergo rapid death in an ischemic environment largely because of hypoxia and metabolic stress from glucose deficiency. Understanding the intracellular metabolic processes and finding genes that can improve cell survival in these inhospitable conditions are necessary to enhance the success of cell therapies. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate changes of metabolic profile in glucose-deprived human bone marrow stromal/stem cells (hBMSCs) through metabolomics analysis and discover genes that could promote cell survival and osteogenic differentiation in a glucose-deprived microenvironment. Metabolomics analysis was performed to determine metabolic changes in a glucose stress metabolic model. In the absence of glucose, expression levels of all metabolites involved in glycolysis were significantly decreased than those in a glucose-supplemented state. In glucose-deprived osteogenic differentiation, reliance on tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)-predicted oxidative phosphorylation instead of glycolysis as the main mechanism for energy production in osteogenic induction. By comparing differentially expressed genes between glucose-deprived and glucose-supplemented hBMSCs, NR2F1 (Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F Member 1) gene was discovered to be associated with enhanced survival and osteogenic differentiation in cells under metabolic stress. Small, interfering RNA (siRNA) for NR2F1 reduced cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs under glucose-supplemented conditions whereas NR2F1 overexpression enhanced osteogenic differentiation and cell survival of hBMSCs in glucose-deprived osteogenic conditions via the protein kinase B (AKT)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. NR2F1-transfected hBMSCs significantly enhanced new bone formation in a critical size long-bone defect of rats compared with control vector-transfected hBMSCs. In conclusion, the results of this study provide an understanding of the metabolic profile of implanted cells in an ischemic microenvironment and demonstrate that NR2F1 treatment may overcome this deprivation by enhancing AKT and ERK regulation. These findings can be utilized in regenerative medicine for bone regeneration. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lee
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Park
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Moon
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Ko
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Kim
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao L, Zhang SQ. Antiosteoporosis Effects, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug Delivery Systems of Icaritin: Advances and Prospects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040397. [PMID: 35455393 PMCID: PMC9032325 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder affecting over 200 million people worldwide and contributes dramatically to global healthcare costs. Available anti-osteoporotic drug treatments including hormone replacement therapy, anabolic agents, and bisphosphonates often cause adverse events which limit their long-term use. Therefore, the application of natural products has been proposed as an alternative therapy strategy. Icaritin (ICT) is not only an enzyme-hydrolyzed product of icariin but also an intestinal metabolite of eight major flavonoids of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Epimedium with extensive pharmacological activities, such as strengthening the kidney and reinforcing the bone. ICT displays several therapeutic effects, including osteoporosis prevention, neuroprotection, antitumor, cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammation, and immune-protective effect. ICT inhibits bone resorption activity of osteoclasts and stimulates osteogenic differentiation and maturation of bone marrow stromal progenitor cells and osteoblasts. As for the mechanisms of effect, ICT regulates relative activities of two transcription factors Runx2 and PPARγ, determines the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts, increases mRNA expression of OPG, and inhibits mRNA expression of RANKL. Poor water solubility, high lipophilicity, and unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties of ICT restrict its anti-osteoporotic effects, and novel drug delivery systems are explored to overcome intrinsic limitations of ICT. The paper focuses on osteogenic effects and mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and delivery systems of ICT, and highlights bone-targeting strategies to concentrate ICT on the ideal specific site of bone. ICT is a promising potential novel therapeutic agent for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Gao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmenwai Xitiao, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Shuang-Qing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eisa NH, Sudharsan PT, Herrero SM, Herberg SA, Volkman BF, Aguilar-Pérez A, Kondrikov D, Elmansi AM, Reitman C, Shi X, Fulzele S, McGee-Lawrence ME, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Johnson MH, Chen J, Hill WD. Age-associated changes in microRNAs affect the differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells: Novel role of miR-29b-1-5p expression. Bone 2021; 153:116154. [PMID: 34403754 PMCID: PMC8935397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated osteoporosis is widely accepted as involving the disruption of osteogenic stem cell populations and their functioning. Maintenance of the local bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is critical for regulating proliferation and differentiation of the multipotent BM mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (BMSC) population with age. The potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating BMSCs and the BM microenvironment has recently gained attention. However, miRNAs expressed in rapidly isolated BMSCs that are naïve to the non-physiologic standard tissue culture conditions and reflect a more accurate in vivo profile have not yet been reported. Here we directly isolated CD271 positive (+) BMSCs within hours from human surgical BM aspirates without culturing and performed microarray analysis to identify the age-associated changes in BMSC miRNA expression. One hundred and two miRNAs showed differential expression with aging. Target prediction and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the up-regulated miRNAs targeting genes in bone development pathways were considerably enriched. Among the differentially up-regulated miRNAs the novel passenger strand miR-29b-1-5p was abundantly expressed as a mature functional miRNA with aging. This suggests a critical arm-switching mechanism regulates the expression of the miR-29b-1-5p/3p pair shifting the normally degraded arm, miR-29b-1-5p, to be the dominantly expressed miRNA of the pair in aging. The normal guide strand miR-29b-1-3p is known to act as a pro-osteogenic miRNA. On the other hand, overexpression of the passenger strand miR-29b-1-5p in culture-expanded CD271+ BMSCs significantly down-regulated the expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (CXCL12)/ C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (SDF-1(CXCL12)/CXCR4) axis and other osteogenic genes including bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In contrast, blocking of miR-29b-1-5p function using an antagomir inhibitor up-regulated expression of BMP-2 and RUNX2 genes. Functional assays confirmed that miR-29b-1-5p negatively regulates BMSC osteogenesis in vitro. These novel findings provide evidence of a pathogenic anti-osteogenic role for miR-29b-1-5p and other miRNAs in age-related defects in osteogenesis and bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada H Eisa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Periyasamy T Sudharsan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Sergio Mas Herrero
- Universitat de Barcelona, Unitat Farmacologia, Dpt. Fonaments Clínics, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel A Herberg
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States of America
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Biochemistry Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Pérez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon 00956, Puerto Rico
| | - Dmitry Kondrikov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America
| | - Ahmed M Elmansi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America
| | - Charles Reitman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America
| | - Xingming Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Data Science Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics and Data Science Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu X, Huang L, Wu K, Sun Z, Wang K, Ru J, Zhuge Q, Ruan L. Shikonin regulates autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway and reduces apoptosis of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to improve survival in tissues surrounding brain contusion. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1475. [PMID: 34765016 PMCID: PMC8576632 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin has been reported to regulate autophagy via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR signalling pathway and decrease apoptosis in transplanted human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs). In the present study, HUMSCs were exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro for 12 h, and TUNEL fluorescence staining was used to detect apoptosis. Differences in autophagy and AMPK/mTOR pathway-related protein expression following treatment with shikonin were quantitatively analyzed by western blotting. Green fluorescent protein-labelled stem cells were implanted into traumatic brain injury-model mice and the survival of HUMSCs was observed after 7 days. Shikonin increased the number of cells in brain tissue surrounding the contusion 7 days after transplantation. Furthermore, shikonin treatment decreased apoptosis, increased the expression of autophagy-related proteins, increased phosphorylated AMPK expression and downregulated phosphorylated mTOR expression. In addition, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine attenuated these effects and aggravated apoptosis. Subsequently, shikonin upregulated autophagy and protected HUMSCs in the area surrounding contused brain tissue. Shikonin may regulate autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway and protect transplanted HUMSCs from apoptosis induced by hypoxia/ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Zhezhe Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Kankai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Junnan Ru
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Linhui Ruan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Potter ML, Smith K, Vyavahare S, Kumar S, Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Hamrick M, Isales CM, Hill WD, Fulzele S. Characterization of Differentially Expressed miRNAs by CXCL12/SDF-1 in Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Biomol Concepts 2021; 12:132-143. [PMID: 34648701 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is known to influence bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) migration, osteogenic differentiation, and fracture healing. We hypothesize that SDF-1 mediates some of its effects on BMSCs through epigenetic regulation, specifically via microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that target specific mRNA and prevent their translation. We performed global miRNA analysis and determined several miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to SDF-1 treatment. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset analysis showed that these miRNAs play an important role in osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing. KEGG and GO analysis indicated that SDF-1 dependent miRNAs changes affect multiple cellular pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis, thyroid hormone signaling, and mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis pathways. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis showed several miRNAs target genes related to stem cell migration and differentiation. This study's findings indicated that SDF-1 induces some of its effects on BMSCs function through miRNA regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Smith
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Sagar Vyavahare
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Mark Hamrick
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Departments of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403.,Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29403
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Departments of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA.,Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu Y, Wang X, Liu W, Lu W. Thrombin-activated platelet-rich plasma enhances osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells by activating SIRT1-mediated autophagy. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:105. [PMID: 34526113 PMCID: PMC8444612 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has the potential to be used for bone regeneration. However, its effect on osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and its effect on cell autophagy of hPDLSCs remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of PRP on cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods hPDLSCs were isolated and identified by morphology and flow cytometry analysis. Next, thrombin-activated PRP was used to stimulate hPDLSCs. The MTT assay was used to analyze cell viability. Osteogenic differentiation was investigated using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red S (ARS) staining, and gene expression analysis of osteogenic markers. Expression of the autophagic proteins was determined using western blotting. Results Thrombin-activated PRP significantly enhanced cell viability, ALP activity, osteogenic-related mRNA levels and alizarin red-mineralization activity in hPDLSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, activated PRP dose-dependently increased LC3-II/I ratio and the expression of SIRT1 and Beclin-1. PRP treatment also enhanced the autophagic flux. It was also demonstrated that the inhibition of SIRT1 using sirtinol or suppression of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) abrogated PRP-induced viability and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Conclusion Our study suggested that thrombin-activated PRP accelerated the viability and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs via SIRT1-mediated autophagy induction. PRP enhances cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Activated PRP dose-dependently increases cell autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy abrogates PRP-induced osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Wenshu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Methyltransferase-like protein 7A (METTL7A) promotes cell survival and osteogenic differentiation under metabolic stress. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:154. [PMID: 34226523 PMCID: PMC8257615 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While bone has an inherent capacity to heal itself, it is very difficult to reconstitute large bone defects. Regenerative medicine, including stem cell implantation, has been studied as a novel solution to treat these conditions. However, when the local vascularity is impaired, even the transplanted cells undergo rapid necrosis before differentiating into osteoblasts and regenerating bone. Thus, to increase the effectiveness of stem cell transplantation, it is quintessential to improve the viability of the implanted stem cells. In this study, given that the regulation of glucose may hold the key to stem cell survival and osteogenic differentiation, we investigated the molecules that can replace the effect of glucose under ischemic microenvironment of stem cell transplantation in large bone defects. By analyzing differentially expressed genes under glucose-supplemented and glucose-free conditions, we explored markers such as methyltransferase-like protein 7A (METTL7A) that are potentially related to cell survival and osteogenic differentiation. Overexpression of METTL7A gene enhanced the osteogenic differentiation and viability of human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) in glucose-free conditions. When the in vivo effectiveness of METTL7A-transfected cells in bone regeneration was explored in a rat model of critical-size segmental long-bone defect, METTL7A-transfected hBMSCs showed significantly better regenerative potential than the control vector-transfected hBMSCs. DNA methylation profiles showed a large difference in methylation status of genes related to osteogenesis and cell survival between hBMSCs cultured in glucose-supplemented condition and those cultured in glucose-free condition. Interestingly, METTL7A overexpression altered the methylation status of related genes to favor osteogenic differentiation and cell survival. In conclusion, it is suggested that a novel factor METTL7A enhances osteogenic differentiation and viability of hBMSCs by regulating the methylation status of genes related to osteogenesis or survival.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Liver transplantation is the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage liver disease. However, a shortage of donor organs, high cost, and surgical complications limit the use of this treatment. Cellular therapies using hepatocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow mononuclear cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being investigated as alternative treatments to liver transplantation. The purpose of this review is to describe studies using MSC transplantation for liver diseases based on the reported literature and to discuss prospective research designed to improve the efficacy of MSC therapy. RECENT FINDINGS MSCs have several properties that show potential to regenerate injured tissues or organs, such as homing, transdifferentiation, immunosuppression, and cellular protective capacity. Additionally, MSCs can be noninvasively isolated from various tissues and expanded ex vivo in sufficient numbers for clinical evaluation. SUMMARY Currently, there is no approved MSC therapy for the treatment of liver disease. However, MSC therapy is considered a promising alternative treatment for end-stage liver diseases and is reported to improve liver function safely with no side effects. Further robust preclinical and clinical studies will be needed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kynurenine induces an age-related phenotype in bone marrow stromal cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111464. [PMID: 33631183 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is one of the important contributing factors for musculoskeletal deterioration. Although the exact mechanism behind this degeneration is unknown, it has been previously established that nutritional signaling plays a vital role in musculoskeletal pathophysiology. Our group established the vital role of the essential amino acid, tryptophan, in aging musculoskeletal health. With advanced age, inflammatory factors activate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and accumulate excessive intermediate tryptophan metabolites such as Kynurenine (KYN). With age, Kynurenine accumulates and suppresses osteogenic differentiation, impairs autophagy, promotes early senescence, and alters cellular bioenergetics of bone marrow stem cells. Recent studies have shown that Kynurenine negatively impacts bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and, consequently, promotes bone loss. Overall, understanding the mechanism behind BMSCs losing their ability for osteogenic differentiation can provide insight into the prevention of osteoporosis and the development of targeted therapies. Therefore, in this article, we review Kynurenine and how it plays a vital role in BMSC dysfunction and bone loss with age.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li J, Chen H, Zhang D, Xie J, Zhou X. The role of stromal cell-derived factor 1 on cartilage development and disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:313-322. [PMID: 33253889 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), also known as CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), is recognized as a homeostatic cytokine with strong chemotactic potency. It plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes, such as the development of multiple tissues and organs, the regulation of cell distribution, and tumour metastasis. SDF-1 has two receptors, CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and CXC chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7). SDF-1 affects the proliferation, survival, differentiation and maturation of chondrocytes by binding to CXCR4 on chondrocytes. Therefore, SDF-1 has been used as an exogenous regulatory target in many studies to explore the mechanism of cartilage development. SDF-1 is also a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), because of its role in pathological initiation and regulation. In addition, SDF-1 shows potent capacity in the repair of cartilage defects by recruiting endogenous stem cells in a cartilage tissue engineering context. To summarize the specific role of SDF-1 on cartilage development and disease, all articles had been screened out in PubMed by May 30, 2020. The search was limited to studies published in English. Search terms included SDF-1; CXCL12; CXCR4; chondrocyte; cartilage; OA; RA, and forty-seven papers were studied. Besides, we reviewed references in the articles we searched to get additional relevant backgrounds. The review aims to conclude the current knowledge regarding the physiological and pathological role of SDF-1 on the cartilage and chondrocyte. More investigations are required to determine methods targeted SDF-1 to cartilage development and interventions to cartilage diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - D Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wen X, Zhang J, Yang W, Nie X, Gui R, Shan D, Huang R, Deng H. CircRNA-016901 silencing attenuates irradiation-induced injury in bone mesenchymal stem cells via regulating the miR-1249-5p/HIPK2 axis. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:355. [PMID: 33732328 PMCID: PMC7903417 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, bone marrow transplantation remains the basic treatment for various hematological tumors and irradiation is one of the most important pretreatment methods. However, irradiation pretreatment may result in damage to bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of circular RNA-016901 (circ-016901) on the injury of irradiation-induced BMSCs and the underlying mechanism. The expression levels of circ-016901, microRNA-1249-5p (miR-1249-5p) and homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) in irradiation-induced mouse BMSCs at various irradiation doses were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The effect of circ-016901 on cell proliferation was examined using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays following silencing or overexpression of circ-016901. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and caspase-3/7 activity. The expression of autophagy-related markers, including Beclin-1 and LC3-II/I, was detected at the mRNA and protein levels by RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Irradiation treatment upregulated the expression of circ-016901 and HIPK2 and downregulated miR-1249-5p expression. The expression levels of LC3-II/I and Beclin-1 in BMSCs were downregulated in a dose-dependent manner. Silencing of circ-016901 promoted proliferation of irradiation-induced BMSCs and attenuated irradiation-induced apoptosis. Moreover, silencing of circ-016901 elevated the expressions of LC3-II/I and Beclin-1 in irradiation-induced BMSCs. Similar results were obtained with miR-1249-5p overexpression and HIPK2 silencing. These results demonstrated that circ-016901 silencing attenuated injury in irradiation-induced mouse BMSCs by regulating the miR-1249-5p/HIPK2 axis, providing a novel target for future research on the mechanism of radiation resistance in BMSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Wen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xinmin Nie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Dongyong Shan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely prescribed to treat various allergic and autoimmune diseases; however, long-term use results in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, characterized by consistent changes in bone remodeling with decreased bone formation as well as increased bone resorption. Not only bone mass but also bone quality decrease, resulting in an increased incidence of fractures. The primary role of autophagy is to clear up damaged cellular components such as long-lived proteins and organelles, thus participating in the conservation of different cells. Apoptosis is the physiological death of cells, and plays a crucial role in the stability of the environment inside a tissue. Available basic and clinical studies indicate that autophagy and apoptosis induced by glucocorticoids can regulate bone metabolism through complex mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the relationship between apoptosis, autophagy and bone metabolism related to glucocorticoids, providing a theoretical basis for therapeutic targets to rescue bone mass and bone quality in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ratushnyy AY, Rudimova YV, Buravkova LB. Replicative Senescence and Expression of Autophagy Genes in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:1169-1177. [PMID: 33202202 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell senescence leads to a number of changes in the properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). In particular, the number of damaged structures is increased producing negative effect on intracellular processes. Elimination of the damaged molecules and organelles occurs via autophagy that can be important in the context of aging. Cultivation under low oxygen level can be used as an approach for enhancement of MSC therapeutic properties and "slowing down" cell senescence. The goal of this work was to study some morphological and functional characteristics and expression of autophagy-associated genes during replicative senescence of MSCs under different oxygen concentration. The study revealed changes in the regulation of autophagy at the transcriptional level. Upregulation of the expression of autophagosome membrane growth genes ATG9A and ULK1, of the autophagosome maturation genes CTSD, CLN3, GAA, and GABARAPL1, of the autophagy regulation genes TP53, TGFB1, BCL2L1, FADD, and HTT was shown. These changes were accompanied by downregulation of IGF1 and TGM2 expression. Increase of the lysosomal compartment volume was observed in the senescent MSCs that also indicated increase of their degradation activity. The number of lysosomes was decreased following prolonged cultivation under low oxygen concentration (5%). The replicative senescence of MSCs under conditions of different oxygen levels led to the similar modifications in the expression of the autophagy-associated genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Y Ratushnyy
- Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123007, Russia.
| | - Y V Rudimova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123007, Russia
| | - L B Buravkova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123007, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deng J, Zhong L, Zhou Z, Gu C, Huang X, Shen L, Cao S, Ren Z, Zuo Z, Deng J, Yu S. Autophagy: a promising therapeutic target for improving mesenchymal stem cell biological functions. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1135-1149. [PMID: 33196943 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be a promising therapeutic material due to their capacities for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immunomodulation and have attracted great attention in regenerative medicine. However, MSCs may lose their biological functions because of donor age or disease and environmental pressure before and after transplantation, which hinders the application of MSC-based therapy. As a major intracellular lysosome-dependent degradative process, autophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and withstanding environmental pressure and may become a potential therapeutic target for improving MSC functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that the regulation of autophagy is a promising approach for improving the biological properties of MSCs. More in-depth investigations about the role of autophagy in MSC biology are required to contribute to the clinical application of MSCs. In this review, we focus on the role of autophagy regulation by various physical and chemical factors on the biological functions of MSCs in vitro and in vivo, and provide some strategies for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijun Zhong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Huang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ponte F, Kim HN, Iyer S, Han L, Almeida M, Manolagas SC. Cxcl12 Deletion in Mesenchymal Cells Increases Bone Turnover and Attenuates the Loss of Cortical Bone Caused by Estrogen Deficiency in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1441-1451. [PMID: 32154948 PMCID: PMC7725417 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CXCL12 is abundantly expressed in reticular cells associated with the perivascular niches of the bone marrow (BM) and is indispensable for B lymphopoiesis. Cxcl12 promotes osteoclastogenesis and has been implicated in pathologic bone resorption. We had shown earlier that estrogen receptor α deletion in osteoprogenitors and estrogen deficiency in mice increase Cxcl12 mRNA and protein levels in the BM plasma, respectively. We have now generated female and male mice with conditional deletion of a Cxcl12 allele in Prrx1 targeted cells (Cxcl12∆Prrx1 ) and show herein that they have a 90% decrease in B lymphocytes but increased erythrocytes and adipocytes in the marrow. Ovariectomy increased the expression of Cxcl12 and B-cell number in the Cxcl12f/f control mice, but these effects were abrogated in the Cxcl12∆Prrx1 mice. Cortical bone mass was not affected in Cxcl12∆Prrx1 mice. Albeit, the cortical bone loss caused by ovariectomy was greatly attenuated. Most unexpectedly, the rate of bone turnover in sex steroid-sufficient female or male Cxcl12∆Prrx1 mice was dramatically increased, as evidenced by a more than twofold increase in several osteoblast- and osteoclast-specific mRNAs, as well as increased mineral apposition and bone formation rate and increased osteoclast number in the endosteal surface. The magnitude of the Cxcl12∆Prrx1 -induced changes were much greater than those caused by ovariectomy or orchidectomy in the Cxcl12f/f mice. These results strengthen the evidence that CXCL12 contributes to the loss of cortical bone mass caused by estrogen deficiency. Moreover, they reveal for the first time that in addition to its effects on hematopoiesis, CXCL12 restrains bone turnover-without changing the balance between resorption and formation-by suppressing osteoblastogenesis and the osteoclastogenesis support provided by cells of the osteoblast lineage. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Ponte
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ha-Neui Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Srividhya Iyer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Li Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,The Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,The Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Burke J, Mendhe B, Kondrikova G, Kolhe R, Hunter M, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Hill WD, Fulzele S. MicroRNA-141-3p Negatively Modulates SDF-1 Expression in Age-Dependent Pathophysiology of Human and Murine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1368-1374. [PMID: 31505568 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) is a cytokine secreted by cells including bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). SDF-1 plays a vital role in BMSC migration, survival, and differentiation. Our group previously reported the role of SDF-1 in osteogenic differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo; however, our understanding of the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism of SDF-1 remains poor. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of protein-coding genes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of miR-141-3p on SDF-1 expression in BMSCs and its importance in the aging bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. Our data demonstrated that murine and human BMSCs expressed miR-141-3p that repressed SDF-1 gene expression at the functional level (luciferase reporter assay) by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of mRNA. We also found that transfection of miR-141-3p decreased osteogenic markers in human BMSCs. Our results demonstrate that miR-141-3p expression increases with age, while SDF-1 decreases in both the human and mouse BM niche. Taken together, these results support that miR-141-3p is a novel regulator of SDF-1 in bone cells and plays an important role in the age-dependent pathophysiology of murine and human BM niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Burke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Bharati Mendhe
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Galina Kondrikova
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Monte Hunter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia.,Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia.,Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia.,Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia.,Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun Z, Gu L, Wu K, Wang K, Ru J, Yang S, Wang Z, Zhuge Q, Huang L, Huang S. VX-765 enhances autophagy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells against stroke-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:952-961. [PMID: 32459063 PMCID: PMC7415204 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the protective effect of VX-765 on human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) in stroke and its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse models of ischemic stroke were established using the distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) method. The dMCAO mice were accordingly transplanted with HUMSCs, VX-765-treated HUMSCs, or VX-765 + MHY185-treated HUMSCs. The HUMSCs were inserted with green fluorescent protein (GFP) for measurement of transplantation efficiency which was determined by immunofluorescence assay. Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was applied to mimic ischemic environment in vitro experiments, and the HUMSCs herein were transfected with AMPK inhibitor Compound C or autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. MTT assay was used to test the toxicity of VX-765. TUNEL staining and ELISA were applied to measure the levels of apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), respectively. The expressions of autophagy-associated proteins, AMPK, and mTOR were detected by Western blotting. TTC staining was applied to reveal the infarct lesions in the brain of dMCAO mice. RESULTS The pro-inflammatory cytokines, TUNEL-positive cells, and p-mTOR were decreased while the anti-inflammatory cytokine, autophagy-related proteins, and p-AMPK were increased in HUMSCs treated with VX-765 under OGD condition. Different expression patterns were found with the above factors after transfection of 3-MA or Compound C. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, TUNEL-positive cells, and infarct sections were decreased while the anti-inflammatory cytokine and autophagy-related proteins were increased in dMCAO mice transplanted with VX-765-treated HUMSCs compared to those transplanted with HUMSCs only. The autophagy was inhibited while p-mTOR was up-regulated after transfection of MHY. CONCLUSION VX-765 protects HUMSCs against stroke-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses by activating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhezhe Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kankai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junnan Ru
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuyao people's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengwei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Biological Factors, Metals, and Biomaterials Regulating Osteogenesis through Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082789. [PMID: 32316424 PMCID: PMC7215394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone loss raises great concern in numerous situations, such as ageing and many diseases and in both orthopedic and dentistry fields of application, with an extensive impact on health care. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms and the determinants that can regulate osteogenesis and ensure bone balance. Autophagy is a well conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, which is known to be highly active during differentiation and development. This review provides a revision of the literature on all the exogen factors that can modulate osteogenesis through autophagy regulation. Metal ion exposition, mechanical stimuli, and biological factors, including hormones, nutrients, and metabolic conditions, were taken into consideration for their ability to tune osteogenic differentiation through autophagy. In addition, an exhaustive overview of biomaterials, both for orthopedic and dentistry applications, enhancing osteogenesis by modulation of the autophagic process is provided as well. Already investigated conditions regulating bone regeneration via autophagy need to be better understood for finely tailoring innovative therapeutic treatments and designing novel biomaterials.
Collapse
|
23
|
Eom YW, Kang SH, Kim MY, Lee JI, Baik SK. Mesenchymal stem cells to treat liver diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:563. [PMID: 32775364 PMCID: PMC7347787 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being developed for stem cell therapy and can be efficiently used in regenerative medicine. To date, more than 1,000 clinical trials have used MSCs; of these, more than 80 clinical trials have targeted liver disease. MSCs migrate to damaged liver tissues, differentiate into hepatocytes, reduce liver inflammatory responses, reduce liver fibrosis, and act as antioxidants. According to the reported literature, MSCs are safe, have no side effects, and improve liver function; however, their regenerative therapeutic effects are unsatisfactory. Here, we explain, in detail, the basic therapeutic effects and recent clinical advances of MSCs. Furthermore, we discuss future research directions for improving the regenerative therapeutic effects of MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Eom
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seong Hee Kang
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jong In Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soon Koo Baik
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kondrikov D, Elmansi A, Bragg RT, Mobley T, Barrett T, Eisa N, Kondrikova G, Schoeinlein P, Aguilar-Perez A, Shi XM, Fulzele S, Lawrence MM, Hamrick M, Isales C, Hill W. Kynurenine inhibits autophagy and promotes senescence in aged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Exp Gerontol 2020; 130:110805. [PMID: 31812582 PMCID: PMC7861134 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related deterioration in bone health that is, at least in part, a stem cell disease. The different mechanisms and signaling pathways that change with age and contribute to the development of osteoporosis are being identified. One key upstream mechanism that appears to target a number of osteogenic pathways with age is kynurenine, a tryptophan metabolite and an endogenous Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. The AhR signaling pathway has been reported to promote aging phenotypes across species and in different tissues. We previously found that kynurenine accumulates with age in the plasma and various tissues including bone and induces bone loss and osteoporosis in mice. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are responsible for osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and overall bone regeneration. In the present study, we investigated the effect of kynurenine on BMSCs, with a focus on autophagy and senescence as two cellular processes that control BMSCs proliferation and differentiation capacity. We found that physiological levels of kynurenine (10 and 100 μM) disrupted autophagic flux as evidenced by the reduction of LC3B-II, and autophagolysosomal production, as well as a significant increase of p62 protein level. Additionally, kynurenine also induced a senescent phenotype in BMSCs as shown by the increased expression of several senescence markers including senescence associated β-galactosidase in BMSCs. Additionally, western blotting reveals that levels of p21, another marker of senescence, also increased in kynurenine-treated BMSCs, while senescent-associated aggregation of nuclear H3K9me3 also showed a significant increase in response to kynurenine treatment. To validate that these effects are in fact due to AhR signaling pathway, we utilized two known AhR antagonists: CH-223191, and 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone to try to block AhR signaling and rescue kynurenine /AhR mediated effects. Indeed, AhR inhibition restored kynurenine-suppressed autophagy levels as shown by levels of LC3B-II, p62 and autophagolysosomal formation demonstrating a rescuing of autophagic flux. Furthermore, inhibition of AhR signaling prevented the kynurenine-induced increase in senescence associated β-galactosidase and p21 levels, as well as blocking aggregation of nuclear H3K9me3. Taken together, our results suggest that kynurenine inhibits autophagy and induces senescence in BMSCs via AhR signaling, and that this may be a novel target to prevent or reduce age-associated bone loss and osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kondrikov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403
| | - Ahmed Elmansi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403
| | - Robert Tailor Bragg
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Tanner Mobley
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Thomas Barrett
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Nada Eisa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Galina Kondrikova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403
| | - Patricia Schoeinlein
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Perez
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, IN,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico, 00956
| | - Xing-Ming Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912
| | - Meghan McGee Lawrence
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912
| | - Mark Hamrick
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912
| | - Carlos Isales
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - William Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang L, You J, Yao Y, Xie M. Interleukin-13 Gene Modification Enhances Grafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells Survival After Subretinal Transplantation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:725-735. [PMID: 31792777 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00768-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell- and gene-based therapies for retinal degeneration. Limited survival is the main obstacle in achieving successful subretinal transplantation of MSCs. The present study sought to evaluate the effect of interleukin-13 (IL-13) gene modification on the phenotypic alteration of retinal microglia (RMG) and the survival of MSCs following subretinal grafting. In this study, LPS-activated RMG were cocultured with MSCs or IL-13-expressing MSCs (IL-13-MSCs) for 24 h, and activated phenotypes were detected in vitro. Western blotting was performed to quantify cytokine secretion by light-injured retinas following subretinal transplantation. The numbers of activated RMG and surviving grafted cells were analysed, and the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) was examined in vivo. We found that, compared with normal MSCs, cocultured IL-13-MSCs suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and major histocompatibility complex II, promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines by activated RMG and simultaneously inhibited the proliferation of and phagocytosis by RMG. The subretinal transplantation of IL-13-MSCs increased the expression of neurotrophic factors, IL-13 and tight junction proteins in the host retina, decreased the number of phagocytic RMG and improved the survival of grafted cells. Furthermore, IL-13-MSCs alleviated BRB breakdown induced by subretinal injection. Our results demonstrate that IL-13-MSCs can polarize activated RMG to the neuroprotective M2 phenotype and enhance the survival of grafted MSCs against the damage stress induced by subretinal transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, 350005, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junmei You
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, 350005, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, 350005, Fuzhou, China
| | - Maosong Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 20 Chazhong Road, 350005, Fuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Q, Li X, Wang Q, Xie J, Xie C, Fu X. Heat shock pretreatment improves mesenchymal stem cell viability by heat shock proteins and autophagy to prevent cisplatin-induced granulosa cell apoptosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:348. [PMID: 31771642 PMCID: PMC6880355 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can partially repair chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage. However, low survival rate after transplantation hampers the therapeutic efficiency of BMSCs. Heat shock pretreatment (HSP) effectively improves the cell survival. This study attempted to investigate the mechanisms of HSP on BMSCs survival and the effects of heat shock-pretreated BMSCs (HS-MSCs) on cisplatin-induced granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. Methods BMSCs were isolated, cultured, and identified. After receiving HSP for different duration times in a 42 °C water bath, the apoptotic rates of BMSCs were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI to determine the optimal condition of HSP. Cisplatin was added to the medium of HS-MSCs to simulate chemotherapy environment. The proliferative curve, apoptotic rate, and viability of HS-MSCs were determined by CCK-8, Annexin V-FITC/PI, and Hoechst33342/PI respectively to explore the alteration of biological characteristics. The levels of heat shock protein 70 and 90 (HSP70 and HSP90) and the expressions of autophagy-related markers (Beclin1 and LC3B) were detected by Western blot. In addition, the autophagosomes were observed by transmission electronic microscopy to discuss the possible mechanisms. The GCs were isolated, cultured, and identified. The HS-MSCs were co-cultured with GCs before and after the addition of cisplatin. Then, the apoptotic rate and viability of GCs were detected to investigate the therapeutic and preventive effects of HS-MSCs on GC apoptosis. Results After receiving HSP at 42 °C for 1 h, BMSCs represented the lowest apoptotic rate. After the addition of cisplatin, the apoptotic rate of HS-MSCs (11.94% ± 0.63%) was lower than that of BMSCs (14.30% ± 0.80%) and the percentage of HS-MSCs expressing bright blue/dull red fluorescence was lower than that of BMSCs. The expression of HSP70 and HSP90 increased, while the number of autophagosomes, the expression of Beclin1, and the LC3BII/LC3BI ratio decreased in HS-MSCs. The apoptotic rates of GCs co-cultured with HS-MSCs before and after the addition of cisplatin were 39.88% ± 1.65% and 36.72% ± 0.96%, both lower than those of cisplatin-induced GCs (53.81% ± 1.89%). Conclusion HSP can alleviate the apoptosis and improve the survival of BMSCs under chemotherapy environment. The mechanism may be associated with the elevated expression of HSP70 and HSP90 and the attenuation of autophagy. Moreover, HS-MSCs have both therapeutic and preventive effects on cisplatin-induced GC apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingru Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuhai Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiafei Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang D, Chen Y, Xu X, Xiang H, Shi Y, Gao Y, Wang X, Jiang X, Li N, Pan J. Autophagy inhibits the mesenchymal stem cell aging induced by D-galactose through ROS/JNK/p38 signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:466-477. [PMID: 31675454 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and cellular senescence are two critical responses of mammalian cells to stress and may have a direct relationship given that they respond to the same set of stimuli, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and telomere shortening. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as reliable cell sources for stem cell transplantation and are currently being tested in numerous clinical trials. However, the effects of autophagy on MSC senescence and corresponding mechanisms have not been fully evaluated. Several studies demonstrated that autophagy level increases in aging MSCs and the downregulation of autophagy can delay MSC senescence, which is inconsistent with most studies that showed autophagy could play a protective role in stem cell senescence. To further study the relationship between autophagy and MSC senescence and explore the effects and mechanisms of premodulated autophagy on MSC senescence, we induced the up- or down-regulation of autophagy by using rapamycin (Rapa) or 3-methyladenine, respectively, before MSC senescence induced by D-galactose (D-gal). Results showed that pretreatment with Rapa for 24 hours remarkably alleviated MSC aging induced by D-gal and inhibited ROS generation. p-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and p-38 expression were also clearly decreased in the Rapa group. Moreover, the protective effect of Rapa on MSC senescence can be abolished by enhancing the level of ROS, and p38 inhibitor can reverse the promoting effect of H2 O2 on MSC senescence. In summary, the present study indicates that autophagy plays a protective role in MSC senescence induced by D-gal, and ROS/JNK/p38 signalling plays an important mediating role in autophagy-delaying MSC senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianbin Xu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoyi Xiang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhan Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,People 's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gilbert W, Bragg R, Elmansi AM, McGee-Lawrence ME, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Hill WD, Fulzele S. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) and its role in bone and muscle biology. Cytokine 2019; 123:154783. [PMID: 31336263 PMCID: PMC6948927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide; two of the most prevalent of which are osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Each affect millions in the aging population across the world and the associated morbidity and mortality contributes to billions of dollars in annual healthcare cost. Thus, it is important to better understand the underlying pathologic mechanisms of the disease process. Regulatory chemokine, CXCL12, and its receptor, CXCR4, are recognized to be essential in the recruitment, localization, maintenance, development and differentiation of progenitor stem cells of the musculoskeletal system. CXCL12 signaling results in the development and functional ability of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, satellite cells and myoblasts critical to maintaining musculoskeletal homeostasis. Interestingly, one suggested pathologic mechanism of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is a decline in the regenerative capacity of musculoskeletal progenitor stem cells. Thus, because CXCL12 is critical to progenitor function, a disruption in the CXCL12 signaling axis might play a distinct role in these pathological processes. Therefore, in this article, we perform a review of CXCL12, its physiologic and pathologic function in bone and muscle, and potential targets for therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Gilbert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Robert Bragg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Ahmed M Elmansi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Cell Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Weiss DJ, English K, Krasnodembskaya A, Isaza-Correa JM, Hawthorne IJ, Mahon BP. The Necrobiology of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Affects Therapeutic Efficacy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1228. [PMID: 31214185 PMCID: PMC6557974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid progress is occurring in understanding the mechanisms underlying mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based cell therapies (MSCT). However, the results of clinical trials, while demonstrating safety, have been varied in regard to efficacy. Recent data from different groups have shown profound and significant influences of the host inflammatory environment on MSCs delivered systemically or through organ-specific routes, for example intratracheal, with subsequent actions on potential MSC efficacies. Intriguingly in some models, it appears that dead or dying cells or subcellular particles derived from them, may contribute to therapeutic efficacy, at least in some circumstances. Thus, the broad cellular changes that accompany MSC death, autophagy, pre-apoptotic function, or indeed the host response to these processes may be essential to therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the existing literature concerning the necrobiology of MSCs and the available evidence that MSCs undergo autophagy, apoptosis, transfer mitochondria, or release subcellular particles with effector function in pathologic or inflammatory in vivo environments. Advances in understanding the role of immune effector cells in cell therapy, especially macrophages, suggest that the reprogramming of immunity associated with MSCT has a weighty influence on therapeutic efficacy. If correct, these data suggest novel approaches to enhancing the beneficial actions of MSCs that will vary with the inflammatory nature of different disease targets and may influence the choice between autologous or allogeneic or even xenogeneic cells as therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Karen English
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Anna Krasnodembskaya
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Johana M. Isaza-Correa
- Immunology & Cell Biology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Ian J. Hawthorne
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Bernard P. Mahon
- Immunology & Cell Biology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Elmansi AM, Awad ME, Eisa NH, Kondrikov D, Hussein KA, Aguilar-Pérez A, Herberg S, Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Fulzele S, Hamrick MW, McGee-Lawrence ME, Isales CM, Volkman BF, Hill WD. What doesn't kill you makes you stranger: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26) proteolysis differentially modulates the activity of many peptide hormones and cytokines generating novel cryptic bioactive ligands. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:90-108. [PMID: 30759373 PMCID: PMC7883480 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an exopeptidase found either on cell surfaces where it is highly regulated in terms of its expression and surface availability (CD26) or in a free/circulating soluble constitutively available and intrinsically active form. It is responsible for proteolytic cleavage of many peptide substrates. In this review we discuss the idea that DPP4-cleaved peptides are not necessarily inactivated, but rather can possess either a modified receptor selectivity, modified bioactivity, new antagonistic activity, or even a novel activity relative to the intact parent ligand. We examine in detail five different major DPP4 substrates: glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1 aka CXCL12). We note that discussion of the cleaved forms of these five peptides are underrepresented in the research literature, and are both poorly investigated and poorly understood, representing a serious research literature gap. We believe they are understudied and misinterpreted as inactive due to several factors. This includes lack of accurate and specific quantification methods, sample collection techniques that are inherently inaccurate and inappropriate, and a general perception that DPP4 cleavage inactivates its ligand substrates. Increasing evidence points towards many DPP4-cleaved ligands having their own bioactivity. For example, GLP-1 can work through a different receptor than GLP-1R, DPP4-cleaved GIP can function as a GIP receptor antagonist at high doses, and DPP4-cleaved PYY, NPY, and CXCL12 can have different receptor selectivity, or can bind novel, previously unrecognized receptors to their intact ligands, resulting in altered signaling and functionality. We believe that more rigorous research in this area could lead to a better understanding of DPP4's role and the biological importance of the generation of novel cryptic ligands. This will also significantly impact our understanding of the clinical effects and side effects of DPP4-inhibitors as a class of anti-diabetic drugs that potentially have an expanding clinical relevance. This will be specifically relevant in targeting DPP4 substrate ligands involved in a variety of other major clinical acute and chronic injury/disease areas including inflammation, immunology, cardiology, stroke, musculoskeletal disease and injury, as well as cancer biology and tissue maintenance in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Elmansi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
| | - Mohamed E Awad
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Nada H Eisa
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Dmitry Kondrikov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
| | - Khaled A Hussein
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Pérez
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, 00956, Puerto Rico; Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Cell and Dev. Bio., SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | | | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Biochemistry Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hu C, Zhao L, Wu D, Li L. Modulating autophagy in mesenchymal stem cells effectively protects against hypoxia- or ischemia-induced injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:120. [PMID: 30995935 PMCID: PMC6471960 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a basal level of autophagy, a self-eating cellular process, degrades cytosolic proteins and subcellular organelles in lysosomes to provide energy, recycles the cytoplasmic components, and regenerates cellular building blocks; thus, autophagy maintains cellular and tissue homeostasis in all eukaryotic cells. In general, adaptive autophagy increases when cells confront stressful conditions to improve the survival rate of the cells, while destructive autophagy is activated when the cellular stress is not manageable and elicits the regenerative capacity. Hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury initiate excessive autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and consequently induce a string of damage in mammalian tissues or organs. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has yielded promising results in repairing H/R- or I/R-induced injury in various tissues. However, MSC transplantation in vivo must overcome the barriers including the low survival rate of transplanted stem cells, limited targeting capacity, and low grafting potency; therefore, much effort is needed to increase the survival and activity of MSCs in vivo. Modulating autophagy regulates the stemness and the anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and pro-survival capacity of MSCs and can be applied to MSC-based therapy for repairing H/R- or I/R-induced cellular or tissue injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxian Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant wound healing is a significant healthcare problem, posing a substantial burden on patients, their families, and the healthcare system. Existing treatment options remain only moderately effective and often fail to promote the closure of non-healing wounds in susceptible populations, such as aging and diabetic patients. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment modality, with the potential to restore tissue to its pre-injured state. Of particular interest are mesenchymal stromal cells, which have been shown to accelerate wound healing by modulating the immune response and promoting angiogenesis. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of wound healing and current methods for the management of chronic wounds, as well as the current state and considerations for optimizing stem cell therapy. Considerations include stem cell types, tissue source, donor selection, cell heterogeneity, delivery methods, and genetic engineering. EXPERT OPINION A growing body of evidence has shown that delivery of stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stromal cells, has the potential to effectively improve the rate and quality of wound healing. However, significant additional basic and clinical research must be performed to optimize cell therapy, such as further elucidation of the therapeutic mechanisms of stem cells and standardization of clinical trial guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kosaric
- a Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Harriet Kiwanuka
- a Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- a Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gong X, Liu H, Wang S, Liang S, Wang G. Exosomes derived from SDF1‐overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells inhibit ischemic myocardial cell apoptosis and promote cardiac endothelial microvascular regeneration in mice with myocardial infarction. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13878-13893. [PMID: 30720220 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu‐He Gong
- Department of Cardiology Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Si‐Jia Wang
- Department of Emergency Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Si‐Wen Liang
- Department of Cardiology Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Guo‐Gan Wang
- Department of Cardiology State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen X, Wang Q, Li X, Wang Q, Xie J, Fu X. Heat shock pretreatment of mesenchymal stem cells for inhibiting the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells enhanced the repair effect on chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:240. [PMID: 30257708 PMCID: PMC6158904 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a severe complication associated with chemotherapy for female patients of childbearing age. A previous study has shown that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can partially repair the damaged ovarian structure and function following chemotherapy. Heat shock (HS) is a pretreatment to enhance cell survival. The present study aimed to demonstrate the repair effect and potential working mechanism of HS MSCs on chemotherapy-induced POF. METHODS Rat MSCs were isolated, cultured and identified. At 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after different strengths of HS pretreatment for 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h, apoptosis of MSCs was detected to determine the optimal conditions. Apoptosis and cell proliferation changes of MSCs were detected under the optimal conditions of HS. Apoptosis of HS preconditioned MSCs was detected after adding phosphamide mustard (PM) to mimic the microenvironment under chemotherapy. Rat granulosa cells (GCs) were isolated and cultured. PM was added and apoptosis of GCs was detected after coculture with the pretreated MSCs. The rat model of chemotherapy-induced POF was established and the pretreated MSCs were injected into bilateral ovaries. Ovarian structure and endocrine function were evaluated by ovary weight, follicle count, estrous cycle and sex hormone levels. Apoptosis of GCs was detected by TUNEL assay. RESULTS The apoptosis rate of MSCs with 1 h of HS pretreatment decreased significantly, so 1 h was considered the optimal duration. Under this condition, the reduction in the apoptosis rate persisted until 120 h after the pretreatment and cell proliferation was accelerated. After HS pretreatment, MSCs displayed an increased tolerance to microenvironment under chemotherapy. After coculture with the HS-pretreated MSCs, PM-induced apoptosis of GCs decreased. Injection of the pretreated MSCs into the rat ovaries caused an increase in ovary weight and the number of follicles at different stages of estradiol levels, and a decrease in follicle stimulating hormone levels and apoptosis of GCs in the POF model. CONCLUSION HS pretreatment enhanced the repair effect of MSCs on chemotherapy-induced POF. The reason for this may be the further vitality enhancement of MSCs, which led to a greater inhibition of apoptosis of GCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingru Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiafei Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ghanta S, Tsoyi K, Liu X, Nakahira K, Ith B, Coronata AA, Fredenburgh LE, Englert JA, Piantadosi CA, Choi AMK, Perrella MA. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Deficient in Autophagy Proteins Are Susceptible to Oxidative Injury and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:300-309. [PMID: 27636016 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0061oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from inflammatory responses that occur during acute lung injury and sepsis can initiate changes in mitochondrial function. Autophagy regulates cellular processes in the setting of acute lung injury, sepsis, and oxidative stress by modulating the immune response and facilitating turnover of damaged cellular components. We have shown that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) improve survival in murine models of sepsis by also regulating the immune response. However, the effect of autophagy on MSCs and MSC mitochondrial function during oxidative stress is unknown. This study investigated the effect of depletion of autophagic protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) and beclin 1 (BECN1) on the response of MSCs to oxidative stress. MSCs were isolated from wild-type (WT) and LC3B-/- or Becn1+/- mice. MSCs from the LC3B-/- and Becn1+/- animals had increased susceptibility to oxidative stress-induced cell death as compared with WT MSCs. The MSCs depleted of autophagic proteins also had impaired mitochondrial function (decreased intracellular ATP, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production) under oxidative stress as compared with WT MSCs. In WT MSCs, carbon monoxide (CO) preconditioning enhanced autophagy and mitophagy, and rescued the cells from oxidative stress-induced death. CO preconditioning was not able to rescue the decreased survival of MSCs from the LC3B-/- and Becn1+/- animals, further supporting the tenet that CO exerts its cytoprotective effects via the autophagy pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sailaja Ghanta
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Xiaoli Liu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- 3 Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Bonna Ith
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | | | | | - Claude A Piantadosi
- 4 Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- 3 Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Mark A Perrella
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Carbone LD, Bůžková P, Fink HA, Robbins JA, Bethel M, Hamrick MW, Hill WD. Association of Plasma SDF-1 with Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition, and Hip Fractures in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:599-608. [PMID: 28246930 PMCID: PMC5649737 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increase in circulating inflammatory factors. One, the cytokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12), is critical to stem cell mobilization, migration, and homing as well as to bone marrow stem cell (BMSC), osteoblast, and osteoclast function. SDF-1 has pleiotropic roles in bone formation and BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts/osteocytes, and in osteoprogenitor cell survival. The objective of this study was to examine the association of plasma SDF-1 in participants in the cardiovascular health study (CHS) with bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and incident hip fractures. In 1536 CHS participants, SDF-1 plasma levels were significantly associated with increasing age (p < 0.01) and male gender (p = 0.04), but not with race (p = 0.63). In multivariable-adjusted models, higher SDF-1 levels were associated with lower total hip BMD (p = 0.02). However, there was no significant association of SDF-1 with hip fractures (p = 0.53). In summary, circulating plasma levels of SDF-1 are associated with increasing age and independently associated with lower total hip BMD in both men and women. These findings suggest that SDF-1 levels are linked to bone homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Carbone
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Petra Bůžková
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Howard A Fink
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John A Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of California - Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Monique Bethel
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Sanders Research Building, CB1119 1459 Laney-Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia, 30912-2000, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (formerly Georgia Regents University and Georgia Health Sciences University), Sanders Research Building, CB1119 1459 Laney-Walker Blvd., Augusta, Georgia, 30912-2000, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Luo Z, Wang Z, He X, Liu N, Liu B, Sun L, Wang J, Ma F, Duncan H, He W, Cooper P. Effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on regenerative cell responses in human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2017; 51:767-778. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics; School of Stomatology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics; School of Stomatology; The Guizhou Medical University; Guiyang China
| | - Z. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics; School of Stomatology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - X. He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics; School of Stomatology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - N. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics; School of Stomatology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - B. Liu
- Department of Stomatology; the Lishilu out-patient Department of the Chinese PLA Second Artillery Corps; Beijing China
| | - L. Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics; School of Stomatology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - J. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics; School of Stomatology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - F. Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics; School of Stomatology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - H. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology; Dublin Dental University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - W. He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics; School of Stomatology; The Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - P. Cooper
- Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Williams JK, Andersson KE. Regenerative pharmacology: recent developments and future perspectives. Regen Med 2016; 11:859-870. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the current status of research that utilizes the application of pharmacological sciences to accelerate, optimize and characterize the development, maturation and function of bioengineered and regenerating tissues. These regenerative pharmacologic approaches have been applied to diseases of the urogenital tract, the heart, the brain, the musculoskeletal system and diabetes. Approaches have included the use of growth factors (such as VEGF and chemokines (stromal-derived factor – CXCL12) to mobilize cell to the sights of tissue loss or damage. The promise of this approach is to bypass the lengthy and expensive processes of cell isolation and implant fabrication to stimulate the body to heal itself with its own tissue regenerative pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Koudy Williams
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Williams JK, Dean A, Badra S, Lankford S, Poppante K, Badlani G, Andersson KE. Cell versus Chemokine Therapy in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Chronic Intrinsic Urinary Sphincter Deficiency. J Urol 2016; 196:1809-1815. [PMID: 27267321 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mixed efficacy results of autologous skeletal muscle precursor cell therapy in women with chronic intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency have increased interest in the therapeutic value of alternative regenerative medicine approaches. The goal of this study was to compare the effects of the cell homing chemokine CXCL12 (C-X-C motif chemokine 12) and skeletal muscle precursor cells on chronic urinary sphincter regeneration in chronic intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five million autologous skeletal muscle precursor cells or 100 ng CXCL12 were injected in the urinary sphincter complex of adult female cynomolgus monkeys with chronic (6-month history) intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency. These treatment groups of 3 monkeys per group were compared to a group of 3 with no intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency and no injection, and a group of 3 with intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency plus vehicle injection. Maximal urethral pressure was measured at rest, during stimulation of the urinary sphincter pudendal nerves at baseline and again 6 months after treatment. The monkeys were then necropsied. The urinary sphincters were collected for tissue analysis of muscle and collagen content, vascularization and motor endplates. RESULTS CXCL12 but not skeletal muscle precursor cells increased resting maximal urethral pressure in nonhuman primates with chronic intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency compared to that in monkeys with intrinsic urinary sphincter plus vehicle injection (p >0.05). Skeletal muscle precursor cells and CXCL12 only partially restored pudendal nerve stimulated increases in maximal urethral pressure (p >0.05), sphincter vascularization and motor endplate expression in monkeys with chronic intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency. Additionally, CXCL12 but not skeletal muscle precursor cell injections decreased collagen and increased the muscle content of urinary sphincter complex in monkeys with chronic intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency compared to those with intrinsic urinary sphincter plus vehicle injection and no intrinsic urinary sphincter plus no injection (p <0.05 and >0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These results raise questions about cell therapy for chronic intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency and identify a chemokine treatment (CXCL12) as a potential alternative treatment of chronic intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Koudy Williams
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
| | - Ashley Dean
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sherif Badra
- Urology Department, Ain-Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shannon Lankford
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kimberly Poppante
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Gopal Badlani
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Institute for Clinical Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Barnard RA, Regan DP, Hansen RJ, Maycotte P, Thorburn A, Gustafson DL. Autophagy Inhibition Delays Early but Not Late-Stage Metastatic Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:282-93. [PMID: 27231155 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy pathway has been recognized as a mechanism of survival and therapy resistance in cancer, yet the extent of autophagy's function in metastatic progression is still unclear. Therefore, we used murine models of metastatic cancer to investigate the effect of autophagy modulation on metastasis development. Pharmacologic and genetic autophagy inhibition were able to impede cell proliferation in culture, but did not impact the development of experimentally induced 4T1 and B16-F10 metastases. Similarly, autophagy inhibition by adjuvant chloroquine (CQ) treatment did not delay metastasis in an orthotopic 4T1, tumor-resection model. However, neoadjuvant CQ treatment or genetic autophagy inhibition resulted in delayed metastasis development, whereas stimulation of autophagy by trehalose hastened development. Cisplatin was also administered either as a single agent or in combination with CQ. The combination of cisplatin and CQ was antagonistic. The effects of autophagy modulation on metastasis did not appear to be due to alterations in the intrinsic metastatic capability of the cells, as modulating autophagy had no impact on migration, invasion, or anchorage-independent growth in vitro. To explore the possibility of autophagy's influence on the metastatic microenvironment, bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs), which mediate the establishment of the premetastatic niche, were measured in the lung and in circulation. Trehalose-treated mice had significantly more BMDCs than either vehicle- or CQ-treated mice. Autophagy inhibition may be most useful as a treatment to impede early metastatic development. However, modulating autophagy may also alter the efficacy of platinum-based therapies, requiring caution when considering combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Barnard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (R.A.B., D.P.R., R.J.H., D.L.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (P.M., A.T.)
| | - Daniel P Regan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (R.A.B., D.P.R., R.J.H., D.L.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (P.M., A.T.)
| | - Ryan J Hansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (R.A.B., D.P.R., R.J.H., D.L.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (P.M., A.T.)
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (R.A.B., D.P.R., R.J.H., D.L.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (P.M., A.T.)
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (R.A.B., D.P.R., R.J.H., D.L.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (P.M., A.T.)
| | - Daniel L Gustafson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (R.A.B., D.P.R., R.J.H., D.L.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado (P.M., A.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li Q, Guo Y, Chen F, Liu J, Jin P. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 promotes human adipose tissue-derived stem cell survival and chronic wound healing. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:45-50. [PMID: 27347016 PMCID: PMC4906949 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) hold great potential for the stem cell-based therapy of cutaneous wound healing. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) activates CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)4+ and CXCR7+ cells and plays an important role in wound healing. Increasing evidence suggests a critical role for SDF-1 in cell apoptosis and the survival of mesenchymal stem cells. However, the function of SDF-1 in the apoptosis and wound healing ability of ADSCs is not well understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of SDF-1 on the apoptosis and therapeutic effect of ADSCs in cutaneous chronic wounds in vitro and in vivos. By flow cytometric analysis, it was found that hypoxia and serum free promoted the apoptosis of ADSCs. When pretreated with SDF-1, the apoptosis of ADSCs induced by hypoxia and serum depletion was partly recovered. Furthermore, in vivo experiments established that the post-implantation cell survival and chronic wound healing ability of ADSCs were increased following pretreatment with SDF-1 in a diabetic mouse model of chronic wound healing. To explore the potential mechanism underlying the effect of SDF-1 on ADSC apoptosis, western blot analysis was employed and the results indicate that SDF-1 may protect against cell apoptosis in hypoxic and serum-free conditions through activation of the caspase signaling pathway in ADSCs. This study provides evidence that SDF-1 pretreatment can increase the therapeutic effect of ADSCs in cutaneous chronic wounds in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Plastic Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China; Department of Ear Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100144, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Guo
- Plastic Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Plastic Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Peisheng Jin
- Plastic Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Induce Their Migration and Survival. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4956063. [PMID: 27242906 PMCID: PMC4868914 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4956063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are very attractive for regenerative medicine due to their relatively easy derivation and broad range of differentiation capabilities, either naturally or induced through cell engineering. However, efficient methods of delivery to diseased tissues and the long-term survival of grafted cells still need improvement. Here, we review genetic engineering approaches designed to enhance the migratory capacities of MSCs, as well as extend their survival after transplantation by the modulation of prosurvival approaches, including prevention of senescence and apoptosis. We highlight some of the latest examples that explore these pivotal points, which have great relevance in cell-based therapies.
Collapse
|
43
|
Xia W, Hou M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces autophagy to resist hypoxia/serum deprivation-induced apoptosis via the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2619-26. [PMID: 26847932 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an anti‑apoptotic agent in various cell types and protects the heart from stress‑induced injury by modulating autophagy. Autophagy, a conserved pathway for bulk degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles, helps to preserve and recycle energy and nutrients for cells to survive during starvation. The present study hypothesized that MIF protects bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from apoptosis by modulating autophagy via the AMP‑activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) signaling pathway. MSCs were obtained from rat bone marrow and cultured. Apoptosis was induced by hypoxia/serum deprivation for 24 h and was assessed using flow cytometry. MIF protected MSCs from apoptosis by modulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway resulting in increased expression of autophagy‑associated proteins (including LC3BI/LC3BII, Beclin‑1 and autophagy protein 5), and by increased phosphorylation of AMPK and decreased phosphorylation of mTOR. The MIF anti‑apoptotic effects were blocked by autophagy inhibitor, 3‑methyladenine or AMPK inhibitor, Compound C. These results indicate that MIF exerts a permissive role in protecting MSCs from apoptosis by regulation of autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rodolfo C, Di Bartolomeo S, Cecconi F. Autophagy in stem and progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:475-96. [PMID: 26502349 PMCID: PMC11108450 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process, responsible for the degradation and recycling of damaged and/or outlived proteins and organelles. This is the major cellular pathway, acting throughout the formation of cytosolic vesicles, called autophagosomes, for the delivering to lysosome. Recycling of cellular components through autophagy is a crucial step for cell homeostasis as well as for tissue remodelling during development. Impairment of this process has been related to the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration, to the response to bacterial and viral infections, and to ageing. The ability of stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into the mature cells of the body renders this unique type of cell highly crucial to development and tissue renewal, not least in various diseases. During the last two decades, extensive knowledge about autophagy roles and regulation in somatic cells has been acquired; however, the picture about the role and the regulation of autophagy in the different types of stem cells is still largely unknown. Autophagy is a major player in the quality control and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, both crucial factors for stem cells during an organism's life. In this review, we have highlighted the most significant advances in the comprehension of autophagy regulation in embryonic and tissue stem cells, as well as in cancer stem cells and induced pluripotent cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Rodolfo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Di Bartolomeo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143, Rome, Italy.
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang G, Zhang Q, Zhuo Z, Wu S, Xu Y, Zou L, Gan L, Tan K, Xia H, Liu Z, Gao Y. Enhanced Homing of CXCR-4 Modified Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Acute Kidney Injury Tissues by Micro-Bubble-Mediated Ultrasound Exposure. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:539-548. [PMID: 26610714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the curative effects of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) for acute kidney injury (AKI) have been recognized, their in vivo reparative capability is limited by the low levels of targeted homing and retention of intravenous injected cells. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) plays an important role in stem cell homing and retention through interaction with its specific functional receptor, CXCR4, which is presumably related to the poor homing in AKI therapy. However, most of the functional CXCR4 chemokine receptors are lost upon in vitro culturing. Ultrasound-targeted micro-bubble destruction (UTMD) has become one of the most promising strategies for the targeted delivery of drugs and genes. To improve BMSC homing to AKI kidneys, we isolated and cultured rat BMSCs to third passage and enhanced CXCR-4 transfection efficiency in vitro by applying UTMD and polyethylenimine. Transwell migration assay showed that the migration ability of CXCR4-modified BMSCs was nine-fold higher than controls. Then, mercuric chloride-induced AKI rats were injected with transfected BMSCs through their tail veins. We showed that enhanced homing and retention of BMSCs were observed in the CXCR-4 modified group compared with other groups at 1, 2 and 3 d post-treatment. Collectively, our data indicated that UTMD was an effective method to increase BMSCs' engraftment to AKI kidney tissues by increasing CXCR-4 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongxiong Zhuo
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengzheng Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linru Zou
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Gan
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaibin Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Qiao PF, Yao L, Zhang XC, Li GD, Wu DQ. Heat shock pretreatment improves stem cell repair following ischemia-reperfusion injury via autophagy. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12822-12834. [PMID: 26668506 PMCID: PMC4671037 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i45.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether heat shock pretreatment (HSP) improves mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) repair via autophagy following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI).
METHODS: Apoptosis of MSCs was induced by 250 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 6 h. HSP was carried out using a 42 °C water bath for 1, 2 or 3 h. Apoptosis of MSCs was analyzed by flow cytometry, and Western blot was used to detect Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome C expression. Autophagy of MSCs was analyzed by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy, and the expression of beclin I and LC3-II was detected by Western blot. MSCs were labeled in vivo with the fluorescent dye, CM-Dil, and subsequently transplanted into the portal veins of rats that had undergone HIRI. Liver levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were quantified by fluorescent microscopy. Serum aminotransferase activity and the extent of HIRI were also assessed at each time point.
RESULTS: HSP for 2 h reduced apoptosis of MSCs induced by H2O2 as seen by a decrease in apoptotic rate, a decrease in Bax and cytochrome C expression and an increase in Bcl-2 expression (P < 0.001). In addition, HSP for 2 h induced autophagy of MSCs exposed to H2O2 as shown by an increase in acidic vesicular organelle-positive cells, beclin 1 and LC3-II expression, and autophagosome formation (P < 0.05). Treatment with 3-methyladenine attenuated HSP-induced autophagy and abolished the protective effects of HSP on the apoptosis of MSCs. Rapamycin failed to have additional effects on either autophagy or apoptosis compared with HSP alone. The phosphorylation of p38MAPK was significantly elevated and the phosphorylation of mTOR was downregulated in heat shock pretreated MSCs. Treatment with the p38MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, reduced HSP-induced autophagy in MSCs. In vivo studies showed that the transplantation of HSP-MSCs resulted in lower serum aminotransferase levels, lower Suzuki scores, improved histopathology and an increase in PCNA-positive cells (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: HSP effectively induces autophagy following exposure to H2O2via the p38MAPK/mTOR pathway, which leads to enhanced MSC survival and improved MSC repair following HIRI in rats.
Collapse
|
47
|
Herberg S, Kondrikova G, Hussein KA, Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Johnson MH, Elsalanty ME, Shi X, Hamrick MW, Isales CM, Hill WD. Total body irradiation is permissive for mesenchymal stem cell-mediated new bone formation following local transplantation. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 20:3212-27. [PMID: 24914464 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal injury is a major clinical challenge accentuated by the decrease of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) with age or disease. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have revealed that BMSCs hold great promise for regenerative therapies due to their direct osteogenic potential and indirect trophic/paracrine actions. Increasing evidence suggests that stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is involved in modulating the host response to the injury. Common problems with BMSC therapy include poor cell engraftment, which can be addressed by total body irradiation (TBI) prior to transplantation. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that direct tibial transplantation of BMSCs drives endogenous bone formation in a dose-dependent manner, which is enhanced by TBI, and investigated the potential role of SDF-1 in facilitating these events. We found that TBI is permissive for transplanted BMSCs to engraft and contribute to new bone formation. Bone marrow (BM) interstitial fluid analysis revealed no differences of SDF-1 splice variants in irradiated animals compared to controls, despite the increased mRNA and protein levels expressed in whole BM cells. This correlated with increased dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and the failure to induce chemotaxis of BMSCs in vitro. We found increased mRNA expression levels of the major SDF-1-cleaving proteases in whole BM cells from irradiated animals suggesting distinct spatial differences within the BM in which SDF-1 may play different autocrine and paracrine signaling roles beyond the immediate cell surface microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Herberg
- 1 Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Georgia Regents University , Augusta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Herberg S, Aguilar-Perez A, Howie RN, Kondrikova G, Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Elsalanty ME, Shi X, Hill WD, Cray JJ. Mesenchymal stem cell expression of SDF-1β synergizes with BMP-2 to augment cell-mediated healing of critical-sized mouse calvarial defects. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1806-1819. [PMID: 26227988 DOI: 10.1002/term.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone has the potential for spontaneous healing. This process, however, often fails in patients with comorbidities. Tissue engineering combining functional cells, biomaterials and osteoinductive cues may provide alternative treatment strategies. We have recently demonstrated that stromal cell-derived factor-1β (SDF-1β) works in concert with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to potentiate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs). Here, we test the hypothesis that SDF-1β overexpressed in Tet-Off-SDF-1β BMSCs, delivered on acellular dermal matrix (ADM), synergistically augments BMP-2-induced healing of critical-sized mouse calvarial defects. BMSC therapies alone showed limited bone healing, which was increased with co-delivery of BMP-2. This was further enhanced in Tet-Off-SDF-1β BMSCs + BMP-2. Only limited BMSC retention on ADM constructs was observed after 4 weeks in vivo, which was increased with BMP-2 co-delivery. In vitro cell proliferation studies showed that supplementing BMP-2 to Tet-Off BMSCs significantly increased the cell number during the first 24 h. Consequently, the increased cell numbers decreased the detectable BMP-2 levels in the medium, but increased cell-associated BMP-2. The data suggest that SDF-1β provides synergistic effects supporting BMP-2-induced, BMSC-mediated bone formation and appears suitable for optimization of bone augmentation in combination therapy protocols. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Herberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Perez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - R Nicole Howie
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Galina Kondrikova
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mohammed E Elsalanty
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Oral Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xingming Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Centre, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - James J Cray
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Herberg S, Arounleut P, Upadhyay S, Dukes A, Davis C, Johnson M, McGee-Lawrence M, Hamrick MW, Isales CM, Hill WD. Caloric restriction and the adipokine leptin alter the SDF-1 signaling axis in bone marrow and in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:64-72. [PMID: 25779533 PMCID: PMC4706462 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is essential in regulating bone marrow (BM) derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (BMSC) survival, and differentiation to either a pro-osteogenic or pro-adipogenic fate. This study investigates the effects of caloric restriction (CR) and leptin on the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in bone and BM tissues in the context of age-associated bone loss. For in vivo studies, we collected bone, BM cells and BM interstitial fluid from 12 and 20 month-old C57Bl6 mice fed ad-libitum (AL), and 20-month-old mice on long-term CR with, or without, intraperitoneal injection of leptin for 10 days (10 mg/kg). To mimic conditions of CR in vitro, 18 month murine BMSCs were treated with (1) control (Ctrl): normal proliferation medium, (2) nutrient restriction (NR): low glucose, low serum medium, or (3) NR + leptin: NR medium + 100 ng/ml leptin for 6-48 h. In BMSCs both protein and mRNA expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were increased by CR and CR + leptin. In contrast, the alternate SDF-1 receptor CXCR7 was decreased, suggesting a nutrient signaling mediated change in SDF-1 axis signaling in BMSCs. However, in bone SDF-1, CXCR4 and 7 gene expression increase with age and this is reversed with CR, while addition of leptin returns this to the "aged" level. Histologically bone formation was lower in the calorically restricted mice and BM adipogenesis increased, both effects were reversed with the 10 day leptin treatment. This suggests that in bone CR and leptin alter the nutrient signaling pathways in different ways to affect the local action of the osteogenic cytokine SDF-1. Studies focusing on the molecular interaction between nutrient signaling by CR, leptin and SDF-1 axis may help to address age-related musculoskeletal changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phonepasong Arounleut
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sunil Upadhyay
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Amy Dukes
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Colleen Davis
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Maribeth Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Beegle J, Lakatos K, Kalomoiris S, Stewart H, Isseroff RR, Nolta JA, Fierro FA. Hypoxic preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal cells induces metabolic changes, enhances survival, and promotes cell retention in vivo. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1818-28. [PMID: 25702874 PMCID: PMC10757456 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are promising therapeutics for a variety of conditions. However, after transplantation, cell retention remains extremely challenging. Given that many hypoxic signals are transitory and that the therapeutic administration of MSCs is typically into tissues that are normally hypoxic, we studied the effect of hypoxic preconditioning (HP) prior to new exposure to hypoxia. We show that preincubation for 2 days or more in 1% oxygen reduces serum deprivation-mediated cell death, as observed by higher cell numbers and lower incorporation of EthD-III and Annexin V. Consistently, HP-MSCs expressed significantly lower levels of cytochrome c and heme oxygenase 1 as compared to controls. Most importantly, HP-MSCs showed enhanced survival in vivo after intramuscular injection into immune deficient NOD/SCID-IL2Rgamma(-/-) mice. Interestingly, HP-MSCs consume glucose and secrete lactate at a slower rate than controls, possibly promoting cell survival, as glucose remains available to the cells for longer periods of time. In addition, we compared the metabolome of HP-MSCs to controls, before and after hypoxia and serum deprivation, and identified several possible mediators for HP-mediated cell survival. Overall, our findings suggest that preincubation of MSCs for 2 days or more in hypoxia induces metabolic changes that yield higher retention after transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Beegle
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kinga Lakatos
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Stefanos Kalomoiris
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heather Stewart
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Fernando A Fierro
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|