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Cohen JD, Strader LC. An auxin research odyssey: 1989-2023. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1410-1428. [PMID: 38382088 PMCID: PMC11062468 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin is at times called the master regulator of plant processes and has been shown to be a central player in embryo development, the establishment of the polar axis, early aspects of seedling growth, as well as growth and organ formation during later stages of plant development. The Plant Cell has been key, since the inception of the journal, to developing an understanding of auxin biology. Auxin-regulated plant growth control is accomplished by both changes in the levels of active hormones and the sensitivity of plant tissues to these concentration changes. In this historical review, we chart auxin research as it has progressed in key areas and highlight the role The Plant Cell played in these scientific developments. We focus on understanding auxin-responsive genes, transcription factors, reporter constructs, perception, and signal transduction processes. Auxin metabolism is discussed from the development of tryptophan auxotrophic mutants, the molecular biology of conjugate formation and hydrolysis, indole-3-butyric acid metabolism and transport, and key steps in indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. This progress leads to an expectation of a more comprehensive understanding of the systems biology of auxin and the spatial and temporal regulation of cellular growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D Cohen
- Department of Horticultural Science and the Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
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2
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Gate T, Hill L, Miller AJ, Sanders D. AtIAR1 is a Zn transporter that regulates auxin metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1437-1450. [PMID: 37988591 PMCID: PMC10901206 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Root growth in Arabidopsis is inhibited by exogenous auxin-amino acid conjugates, and mutants resistant to one such conjugate [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-Ala] map to a gene (AtIAR1) that is a member of a metal transporter family. Here, we test the hypothesis that AtIAR1 controls the hydrolysis of stored conjugated auxin to free auxin through zinc transport. AtIAR1 complements a yeast mutant sensitive to zinc, but not manganese- or iron-sensitive mutants, and the transporter is predicted to be localized to the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi in plants. A previously identified Atiar1 mutant and a non-expressed T-DNA mutant both exhibit altered auxin metabolism, including decreased IAA-glucose conjugate levels in zinc-deficient conditions and insensitivity to the growth effect of exogenous IAA-Ala conjugates. At a high concentration of zinc, wild-type plants show a novel enhanced response to root growth inhibition by exogenous IAA-Ala which is disrupted in both Atiar1 mutants. Furthermore, both Atiar1 mutants show changes in auxin-related phenotypes, including lateral root density and hypocotyl length. The findings therefore suggest a role for AtIAR1 in controlling zinc release from the secretory system, where zinc homeostasis plays a key role in regulation of auxin metabolism and plant growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gate
- Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Lionel Hill
- Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Dale Sanders
- Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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3
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Yang C, Tian F, Ma J, Chen M, Shi X, Chen D, Xie Y, Zhou X, Zhou Z, Dai X, Xia T, Gao L. Glycosylation of Secondary Metabolites: A Multifunctional UDP-Glycosyltransferase, CsUGT74Y1, Promotes the Growth of Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18999-19009. [PMID: 37997954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Camellia sinensis contains numerous glycosylated secondary metabolites that provide various benefits to plants and humans. However, the genes that catalyze the glycosylation of multitype metabolites in tea plants remain unclear. Here, 180 uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases that may be involved in the biosynthesis of glycosylated secondary metabolites were identified from the National Center for Biotechnology Information public databases. Subsequently, CsUGT74Y1 was screened through phylogenetic analysis and gene expression profiling. Compositional and induced expression analyses revealed that CsUGT74Y1 was highly expressed in tea tender shoots and was induced under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In vitro enzymatic assays revealed that rCsUGT74Y1 encoded a multifunctional UGT that catalyzed the glycosylation of flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignins, and auxins. Furthermore, CsUGT74Y1-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana exhibited enhanced growth and accumulation of flavonol and auxin glucosides. Our findings provide insights into identifying specific UGTs and demonstrate that CsUGT74Y1 is a multifunctional UGT that promotes plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Yang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Fengyun Tian
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Mei Chen
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingxing Shi
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Dingli Chen
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Youshudi Xie
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingrong Zhou
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Optical Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xinlong Dai
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036 Hefei, Anhui, China
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Solanki M, Shukla LI. Recent advances in auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:290. [PMID: 37547917 PMCID: PMC10400529 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant proliferation is linked with auxins which in turn play a pivotal role in the rate of growth. Also, auxin concentrations could provide insights into the age, stress, and events leading to flowering and fruiting in the sessile plant kingdom. The role in rejuvenation and plasticity is now evidenced. Interest in plant auxins spans many decades, information from different plant families for auxin concentrations, transcriptional, and epigenetic evidences for gene regulation is evaluated here, for getting an insight into pattern of auxin biosynthesis. This biosynthesis takes place via an tryptophan-independent and tryptophan-dependent pathway. The independent pathway initiated before the tryptophan (trp) production involves indole as the primary substrate. On the other hand, the trp-dependent IAA pathway passes through the indole pyruvic acid (IPyA), indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), and indole acetamide (IAM) pathways. Investigations on trp-dependent pathways involved mutants, namely yucca (1-11), taa1, nit1, cyp79b and cyp79b2, vt2 and crd, and independent mutants of tryptophan, ins are compiled here. The auxin conjugates of the IAA amide and ester-linked mutant gh3, iar, ilr, ill, iamt1, ugt, and dao are remarkable and could facilitate the assimilation of auxins. Efforts are made herein to provide an up-to-date detailed information about biosynthesis leading to plant sustenance. The vast information about auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis is consolidated in this review with a simplified model of auxin biosynthesis with keys and clues for important missing links since auxins can enable the plants to proliferate and override the environmental influence and needs to be probed for applications in sustainable agriculture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03709-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Solanki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014 India
- Puducherry, India
| | - Lata Israni Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014 India
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Wang P, Liang X, Fang H, Wang J, Liu X, Li Y, Shi K. Transcriptomic and genetic approaches reveal that the pipecolate biosynthesis pathway simultaneously regulates tomato fruit ripening and quality. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107920. [PMID: 37527607 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Pipecolic acid (Pip) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) have been found to accumulate during the ripening of multiple types of fruits; however, the function and mechanism of pipecolate pathway in fruits remain unclear. Here study was conducted on fruits produced by the model plant tomato, wherein the NHP biosynthesis-related genes, Slald1 and Slfmo1, were mutated. The results showed that the fruits of both the Slald1 and the Slfmo1 mutants exhibited a delayed onset of ripening, decreased fruit size, nutrition and flavor. Exogenous treatment with Pip and NHP promoted fruit ripening and improved fruit quality. Transcriptomic analysis combined with weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the genes involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction were affected by SlFMO1 gene mutation. Transcription factor prediction analysis revealed that the NAC and AP2/ERF-ERF family members are notably involved in the regulation pathway. Overall, our results suggest that the pipecolate biosynthesis pathway is involved in the simultaneous regulation of fruit ripening and quality and indicate that a regulatory mechanism at the transcriptional level exists. However, possible roles of endogenously synthesized Pip and NHP in these processes remain to be determined. The biosynthesis pathway genes SlALD1 and SlFMO1 may be potential breeding targets for promoting fruit ripening and improving fruit quality with concomitant yield increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, 572025, China; Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanmo Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, 572025, China; Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Lim GH. Regulation of Salicylic Acid and N-Hydroxy-Pipecolic Acid in Systemic Acquired Resistance. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 39:21-27. [PMID: 36760046 PMCID: PMC9929166 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.10.2022.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a central immune signal that is involved in both local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In addition to SA, several other chemical signals are also involved in SAR and these include N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP), a newly discovered plant metabolite that plays a crucial role in SAR. Recent discoveries have led to a better understanding of the biosynthesis of SA and NHP and their signaling during plant defense responses. Here, I review the recent progress in role of SA and NHP in SAR. In addition, I discuss how these signals cooperate with other SAR-inducing chemicals to regulate SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241,
Korea
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7
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Lei L, Zhang JY, Pu D, Liu BZ, Meng XM, Shang QM, Duan YD, Zhang F, Zhang MX, Dong CJ. ABA-responsive AREB1/ABI3-1/ABI5 cascade regulates IAA oxidase gene SlDAO2 to inhibit hypocotyl elongation in tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:498-517. [PMID: 36369997 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hypocotyl elongation is dramatically influenced by environmental factors and phytohormones. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a prominent role in hypocotyl elongation, whereas abscisic acid (ABA) is regarded as an inhibitor through repressing IAA synthesis and signalling. However, the regulatory role of ABA in local IAA deactivation remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, we confirmed the antagonistic interplay of ABA and IAA during the hypocotyl elongation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. We identified an IAA oxidase enzyme DIOXYGENASE FOR AUXIN OXIDATION2 (SlDAO2), and its expression was induced by both external and internal ABA signals in tomato hypocotyls. Moreover, the overexpression of SlDAO2 led to a reduced sensitivity to IAA, and the knockout of SlDAO2 alleviated the inhibitory effect of ABA on hypocotyl elongation. Furthermore, an ABA-responsive regulatory SlAREB1/SlABI3-1/SlABI5 cascade was identified to act upstream of SlDAO2 and to precisely control its expression. SlAREB1 directly bound to the ABRE present in the SlDAO2 promoter to activate SlDAO2 expression, and SlABI3-1 enhanced while SlABI5 inhibited the activation ability of SlAREB1 by directly interacting with SlAREB1. Our findings revealed that ABA might induce local IAA oxidation and deactivation via SlDAO2 to modulate IAA homoeostasis and thereby repress hypocotyl elongation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Zhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Min Meng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Mao Shang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Dan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Xia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Juan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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8
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Le Provost G, Gerardin T, Plomion C, Brendel O. Molecular plasticity to soil water deficit differs between sessile oak (Quercus Petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) high- and low-water use efficiency genotypes. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:2546-2562. [PMID: 35867420 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water use efficiency (WUE) is an important adaptive trait for soil water deficit. The molecular and physiological bases of WUE regulation in crops have been studied in detail in the context of plant breeding. Knowledge for most forest tree species lags behind, despite the need to identify populations or genotypes able to cope with the longer, more intense drought periods likely to result from climate warming. We aimed to bridge this gap in knowledge for sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), one of the most ecologically and economically important tree species in Europe, using a factorial design including trees with contrasted phenotypic values (low and high WUE) and two watering regimes (control and drought). By monitoring the ecophysiological response, we first qualified genotypes for their WUE (by using instantaneous and long-term measures). We then performed RNA-seq to quantify gene expression for the three most extreme genotypes exposed to the two watering regimes. By analyzing the interaction term, we were able to capture the molecular strategy of each group of plants for coping with drought. We identified putative candidate genes potentially involved in the regulation of transpiration rate in high-WUE phenotypes. Regardless of water availability, trees from the high-WUE phenotypic class overexpressed genes associated with drought responses, and in the control of stomatal density and distribution, and displayed a downregulation of genes associated with early stomatal closure and high transpiration rate. Fine physiological screening of sessile oaks with contrasting WUE, and their molecular characterization (i) highlighted subtle differences in transcription between low- and high-WUE genotypes, identifying key molecular players in the genetic control of this trait and (ii) revealed the genes underlying the molecular strategy that evolved in each group to potentially cope with water deficit, providing new insight into the within-species diversity in drought adaptation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theo Gerardin
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | | | - Oliver Brendel
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
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9
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PIF7 is a master regulator of thermomorphogenesis in shade. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4942. [PMID: 36038577 PMCID: PMC9424238 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The size of plant organs is highly responsive to environmental conditions. The plant’s embryonic stem, or hypocotyl, displays phenotypic plasticity, in response to light and temperature. The hypocotyl of shade avoiding species elongates to outcompete neighboring plants and secure access to sunlight. Similar elongation occurs in high temperature. However, it is poorly understood how environmental light and temperature cues interact to effect plant growth. We found that shade combined with warm temperature produces a synergistic hypocotyl growth response that dependent on PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7 (PIF7) and auxin. This unique but agriculturally relevant scenario was almost totally independent on PIF4 activity. We show that warm temperature is sufficient to promote PIF7 DNA binding but not transcriptional activation and we demonstrate that additional, unknown factor/s must be working downstream of the phyB-PIF-auxin module. Our findings will improve the predictions of how plants will respond to increased ambient temperatures when grown at high density. Plant hypocotyl elongation response to light and temperature. Here the authors show that shade combined with warm temperature synergistically enhances the hypocotyl growth response via the PIF7 transcription factor, auxin, and as yet unknown factor.
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Zhang J, Tang Y, Pu X, Qiu X, Wang J, Li T, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Chang Y, Liang J, Zhang H, Deng G, Long H. Genetic and transcriptomic dissection of an artificially induced paired spikelets mutant of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:2543-2554. [PMID: 35695919 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Morphological, genetic and transcriptomic characterizations of an EMS-induced wheat paired spikelets (PS) mutant were performed. A novel qualitative locus WPS1 on chromosome 1D was identified. Grain yield of wheat is significantly associated with inflorescence or spike architecture. However, few genes related to wheat spike development have been identified and their underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we characterized an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced wheat mutant, wheat paired spikelets 1 (wps1). Unlike a single spikelet that usually develops at each node of rachis, a secondary spikelet appeared below the primary spikelet at most of the rachis nodes of wps1. The microscope observation showed that the secondary spikelet initiated later than the primary spikelet. Genetic analysis suggested that the PS of wps1 is controlled by a single dominant nuclear gene, designated WHEAT PAIRED SPIKELETS 1 (WPS1). Further RNA-seq based bulked segregant analysis and molecular marker mapping localized WPS1 in an interval of 208.18-220.92 Mb on the chromosome arm 1DL, which is different to known genes related to spike development in wheat. By using wheat omics data, TraesCS1D02G155200 encoding a HD-ZIP III transcription factor was considered as a strong candidate gene for WPS1. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that PS formation in wps1 is associated with auxin-related pathways and may be regulated by networks involving TB1, Ppd1, FT1, VRN1, etc. This study laid the solid foundation for further validation of the causal gene of WPS1 and explored its regulatory mechanism in PS formation and inflorescence development, which may benefit to kernel yield improvement of wheat based on optimization or design of spike architecture in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanyu Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Pu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Qiu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiao Chang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjun Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbing Deng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Long
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Dimunová D, Matoušková P, Podlipná R, Boušová I, Skálová L. The role of UDP-glycosyltransferases in xenobiotic-resistance. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:282-298. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2083632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Dimunová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Podlipná
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Praha 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Boušová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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12
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Differences in the Abundance of Auxin Homeostasis Proteins Suggest Their Central Roles for In Vitro Tissue Differentiation in Coffea arabica. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122607. [PMID: 34961078 PMCID: PMC8708889 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coffea arabica is one of the most important crops worldwide. In vitro culture is an alternative for achieving Coffea regeneration, propagation, conservation, genetic improvement, and genome editing. The aim of this work was to identify proteins involved in auxin homeostasis by isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) and the synchronous precursor selection (SPS)-based MS3 technology on the Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid mass spectrometer™ in three types of biological materials corresponding to C. arabica: plantlet leaves, calli, and suspension cultures. Proteins included in the β-oxidation of indole butyric acid and in the signaling, transport, and conjugation of indole-3-acetic acid were identified, such as the indole butyric response (IBR), the auxin binding protein (ABP), the ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC), the Gretchen-Hagen 3 proteins (GH3), and the indole-3-acetic-leucine-resistant proteins (ILR). A more significant accumulation of proteins involved in auxin homeostasis was found in the suspension cultures vs. the plantlet, followed by callus vs. plantlet and suspension culture vs. callus, suggesting important roles of these proteins in the cell differentiation process.
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13
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Mateo-Bonmatí E, Casanova-Sáez R, Šimura J, Ljung K. Broadening the roles of UDP-glycosyltransferases in auxin homeostasis and plant development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:642-654. [PMID: 34289137 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The levels of the important plant growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are tightly controlled within plant tissues to spatiotemporally orchestrate concentration gradients that drive plant growth and development. Metabolic inactivation of bioactive IAA is known to participate in the modulation of IAA maxima and minima. IAA can be irreversibly inactivated by oxidation and conjugation to aspartate and glutamate. Usually overlooked because of its reversible nature, the most abundant inactive IAA form is the IAA-glucose (IAA-glc) conjugate. Glycosylation of IAA in Arabidopsis thaliana is reported to be carried out by UDP-glycosyltransferase 84B1 (UGT84B1), while UGT74D1 has been implicated in the glycosylation of the irreversibly formed IAA catabolite oxIAA. Here we demonstrated that both UGT84B1 and UGT74D1 modulate IAA levels throughout plant development by dual IAA and oxIAA glycosylation. Moreover, we identified a novel UGT subfamily whose members redundantly mediate the glycosylation of oxIAA and modulate skotomorphogenic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mateo-Bonmatí
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Rubén Casanova-Sáez
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 83, Sweden
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14
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Malangisha GK, Li C, Yang H, Mahmoud A, Ali A, Wang C, Yang Y, Yang J, Hu Z, Zhang M. Permissive action of H 2O 2 mediated ClUGT75 expression for auxin glycosylation and Al 3+- tolerance in watermelon. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:77-90. [PMID: 34340025 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although Al3+-toxicity is one of the limiting factors for crop production in acidic soils, little is known about the Al3+-tolerance mechanism in watermelon, a fairly acid-tolerant crop. This work aimed to identify the interaction between the H2O2 scavenging pathway and auxin glycosylation relevant to watermelon Al3+-tolerance. By analyzing expressions of hormone-related ClUGTs and antioxidant enzyme genes in Al3+-tolerant (ZJ) and Al3+-sensitive (NBT) cultivars, we identified ClUGT75s (B1, B2, and D1) and ClSOD1-2-ClCAT as crucial components associated with Al3+-tolerance. Al3+-stress significantly increased H2O2 content by 92.7% in NBT and 42.3% in ZJ, accompanied by less Al3+-, auxin (IAA and IBA), and MDA contents in ZJ than NBT. These findings coincided with significant ClSOD1-2 expression and stable dismutation activity in NBT than ZJ. Hence, higher H2O2 content in the root apex of NBT than ZJ correlated with a significant increase in auxin content and ClSOD1-2 up-regulation. Moreover, Al3+-activated ClUGT75D1 and ClUGT75B2 in ZJ coincided with no considerable change in IBA content, suggesting that glycosylation-mediated changes in IBA content might be relevant to Al3+-tolerance in watermelon. Furthermore, exogenous H2O2 and IBA indicated ClUGT75D1 modulating IBA is likely dependent on H2O2 background. We hypothesize that a higher H2O2 level in NBT represses ClUGT75, resulting in increased auxin than those in ZJ roots. Thus, excess in both H2O2 and auxin aggravated the inhibition of root elongation under Al3+-stress. Our findings provide insights on the permissive action of H2O2 in the mediation of auxin glycosylation by ClUGT75 in root apex for Al3+-tolerance in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Kateta Malangisha
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Lubumbashi, /UNILU, Lubumbashi, République Démocratique Du Congo/PO Box 1825, PR China
| | - Cheng Li
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Abid Ali
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Chi Wang
- Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Conservancy Bureau of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, PR China
| | - Yubin Yang
- Agriculture, Rural Development and Water Conservancy Bureau of Wenling, Wenling, 317500, PR China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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15
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Jiao Y, Xie R, Zhang H. Identification of potential pathways associated with indole-3-butyric acid in citrus bud germination via transcriptomic analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:619-631. [PMID: 34476672 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is widely used to encourage root development in cuttings of general field crops, vegetables, forest trees, fruit trees, and flowers. However, previous studies reported that IBA inhibited the germination of citrus buds via an unknown molecular mechanism. This study aimed to unravel the regulatory mechanisms underlying this inhibition. Citrus apical buds were sprayed with 100 mg ⋅ L-1 IBA. Subsequently, the plant hormone levels were analyzed, and transcriptomic analysis was performed. The results identified 3325 upregulated genes and 2926 downregulated genes in the citrus apical buds. The gene set enrichment analysis method was used to determine the Gene Ontology related to the treatment. Genes were enriched into 157 sets, including 17 upregulated sets and 140 downregulated sets, after indole butyric acid treatment. The upregulated gene sets were related to glucose import, sugar transmembrane transporter activity, and photosynthesis. The downregulated genes were mainly related to the ribosomal subunit and cell cycle process under butyric acid treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed the enrichment of 11 pathways. Of note, genes related to the ribosome and proteasome pathways were significantly downregulated. Only one pathway was significantly upregulated: the autophagy pathway. Overall, these results provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning the IBA-mediated inhibition of citrus bud germination inhibition. Also, the study provided a large transcriptomics dataset that could be used for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jiao
- Institute of Forestry, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Science, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Rangjin Xie
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjin Zhang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China
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16
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Auxin Metabolome Profiling in the Arabidopsis Endoplasmic Reticulum Using an Optimised Organelle Isolation Protocol. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179370. [PMID: 34502279 PMCID: PMC8431077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of intracellular membranes. Its major functions include proteosynthesis, protein folding, post-transcriptional modification and sorting of proteins within the cell, and lipid anabolism. Moreover, several studies have suggested that it may be involved in regulating intracellular auxin homeostasis in plants by modulating its metabolism. Therefore, to study auxin metabolome in the ER, it is necessary to obtain a highly enriched (ideally, pure) ER fraction. Isolation of the ER is challenging because its biochemical properties are very similar to those of other cellular endomembranes. Most published protocols for ER isolation use density gradient ultracentrifugation, despite its suboptimal resolving power. Here we present an optimised protocol for ER isolation from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings for the subsequent mass spectrometric determination of ER-specific auxin metabolite profiles. Auxin metabolite analysis revealed highly elevated levels of active auxin form (IAA) within the ER compared to whole plants. Moreover, samples prepared using our optimised isolation ER protocol are amenable to analysis using various “omics” technologies including analyses of both macromolecular and low molecular weight compounds from the same sample.
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17
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Heiling S, Llorca LC, Li J, Gase K, Schmidt A, Schäfer M, Schneider B, Halitschke R, Gaquerel E, Baldwin IT. Specific decorations of 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides solve the autotoxicity problem of chemical defense in Nicotiana attenuata. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1748-1770. [PMID: 33561278 PMCID: PMC8254506 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The native diploid tobacco Nicotiana attenuata produces abundant, potent anti-herbivore defense metabolites known as 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (HGL-DTGs) whose glycosylation and malonylation biosynthetic steps are regulated by jasmonate signaling. To characterize the biosynthetic pathway of HGL-DTGs, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and identified 107 family-1 UGT members. The transcript levels of three UGTs were highly correlated with the transcript levels two key HGL-DTG biosynthetic genes: geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (NaGGPPS) and geranyllinalool synthase (NaGLS). NaGLS's role in HGL-DTG biosynthesis was confirmed by virus-induced gene silencing. Silencing the Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-rhamnosyltransferase gene UGT91T1 demonstrated its role in the rhamnosylation of HGL-DTGs. In vitro enzyme assays revealed that UGT74P3 and UGT74P4 use UDP-glucose for the glucosylation of 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool (17-HGL) to lyciumoside I. Plants with stable silencing of UGT74P3 and UGT74P5 were severely developmentally deformed, pointing to a phytotoxic effect of the aglycone. The application of synthetic 17-HGL and silencing of the UGTs in HGL-DTG-free plants confirmed this phytotoxic effect. Feeding assays with tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) larvae revealed the defensive functions of the glucosylation and rhamnosylation steps in HGL-DTG biosynthesis. Glucosylation of 17-HGL is therefore a critical step that contributes to the resulting metabolites' defensive function and solves the autotoxicity problem of this potent chemical defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Heiling
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Lucas Cortes Llorca
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jiancai Li
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus Gase
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Gaquerel
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS UPR 2357 Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ian Thomas Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
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18
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Bowman JL, Flores Sandoval E, Kato H. On the Evolutionary Origins of Land Plant Auxin Biology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a040048. [PMID: 33558368 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid, that is, auxin, is a molecule found in a broad phylogenetic distribution of organisms, from bacteria to eukaryotes. In the ancestral land plant auxin was co-opted to be the paramount phytohormone mediating tropic responses and acting as a facilitator of developmental decisions throughout the life cycle. The evolutionary origins of land plant auxin biology genes can now be traced with reasonable clarity. Genes encoding the two enzymes of the land plant auxin biosynthetic pathway arose in the ancestral land plant by a combination of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria and possible neofunctionalization following gene duplication. Components of the auxin transcriptional signaling network have their origins in ancestral alga genes, with gene duplication and neofunctionalization of key domains allowing integration of a portion of the preexisting transcriptional network with auxin. Knowledge of the roles of orthologous genes in extant charophycean algae is lacking, but could illuminate the ancestral functions of both auxin and the co-opted transcriptional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bowman
- School of Biological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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19
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Ciarkowska A, Ostrowski M, Kozakiewicz A. Biochemical Characterization of Recombinant UDPG-Dependent IAA Glucosyltransferase from Maize ( Zea mays). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073355. [PMID: 33805949 PMCID: PMC8037650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a biochemical characterization of recombinant maize indole-3-acetyl-β-d-glucose (IAGlc) synthase which glucosylates indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and thus abolishes its auxinic activity affecting plant hormonal homeostasis. Substrate specificity analysis revealed that IAA is a preferred substrate of IAGlc synthase; however, the enzyme can also glucosylate indole-3-butyric acid and indole-3-propionic acid with the relative activity of 66% and 49.7%, respectively. KM values determined for IAA and UDP glucose are 0.8 and 0.7 mM, respectively. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is a competitive inhibitor of the synthase and causes a 1.5-fold decrease in the enzyme affinity towards IAA, with the Ki value determined as 117 μM, while IAA-Asp acts as an activator of the synthase. Two sugar-phosphate compounds, ATP and glucose-1-phosphate, have a unique effect on the enzyme by acting as activators at low concentrations and showing inhibitory effect at higher concentrations (above 0.6 and 4 mM for ATP and glucose-1-phosphate, respectively). Results of molecular docking revealed that both compounds can bind to the PSPG (plant secondary product glycosyltransferase) motif of IAGlc synthase; however, there are also different potential binding sites present in the enzyme. We postulate that IAGlc synthase may contain more than one binding site for ATP and glucose-1-phosphate as reflected in its activity modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciarkowska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-56-611-4520
| | - Maciej Ostrowski
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Anna Kozakiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
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20
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Cai J, Jozwiak A, Holoidovsky L, Meijler MM, Meir S, Rogachev I, Aharoni A. Glycosylation of N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid equilibrates between systemic acquired resistance response and plant growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:440-455. [PMID: 33387676 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (NHP) activates plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Enhanced defense responses are typically accompanied by deficiency in plant development and reproduction. Despite of extensive studies on SAR induction, the effects of NHP metabolism on plant growth remain largely unclear. In this study, we discovered that NHP glycosylation is a critical factor that fine-tunes the tradeoff between SAR defense and plant growth. We demonstrated that a UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT76B1) forming NHP glycoside (NHPG) controls the NHP to NHPG ratio. Consistently, the ugt76b1 mutant exhibits enhanced SAR response and an inhibitory effect on plant growth, while UGT76B1 overexpression attenuates SAR response, promotes growth, and delays senescence, indicating that NHP levels are dependent on UGT76B1 function in the course of SAR. Furthermore, our results suggested that, upon pathogen attack, UGT76B1-mediated NHP glycosylation forms a "hand brake" on NHP accumulation by attenuating the positive regulation of NHP biosynthetic pathway genes, highlighting the complexity of SAR-associated networks. In addition, we showed that UGT76B1-mediated NHP glycosylation in the local site is important for fine-tuning SAR response. Our results implicate that engineering plant immunity through manipulating the NHP/NHPG ratio is a promising method to balance growth and defense response in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Cai
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Adam Jozwiak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Lara Holoidovsky
- Department of Chemistry and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Michael M Meijler
- Department of Chemistry and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Sagit Meir
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel.
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21
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Ithnin M, Vu WT, Shin MG, Suryawanshi V, Sherbina K, Zolkafli SH, Serdari NM, Amiruddin MD, Abdullah N, Mustaffa S, Marjuni M, Nookiah R, Kushairi A, Marjoram P, Nuzhdin SV, Chang PL, Singh R. Genomic diversity and genome-wide association analysis related to yield and fatty acid composition of wild American oil palm. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110731. [PMID: 33568284 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Existing Elaeis guineensis cultivars lack sufficient genetic diversity due to extensive breeding. Harnessing variation in wild crop relatives is necessary to expand the breadth of agronomically valuable traits. Using RAD sequencing, we examine the natural diversity of wild American oil palm populations (Elaeis oleifera), a sister species of the cultivated Elaeis guineensis oil palm. We genotyped 192 wild E. oleifera palms collected from seven Latin American countries along with four cultivated E. guineensis palms. Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia palms are panmictic and genetically similar. Genomic patterns of diversity suggest that these populations likely originated from the Amazon Basin. Despite evidence of a genetic bottleneck and high inbreeding observed in these populations, there is considerable genetic and phenotypic variation for agronomically valuable traits. Genome-wide association revealed several candidate genes associated with fatty acid composition along with vegetative and yield-related traits. These observations provide valuable insight into the geographic distribution of diversity, phenotypic variation and its genetic architecture that will guide choices of wild genotypes for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maizura Ithnin
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Wendy T Vu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Min-Gyoung Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vasantika Suryawanshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Katrina Sherbina
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Siti Hazirah Zolkafli
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Norhalida Mohamed Serdari
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Din Amiruddin
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Norziha Abdullah
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Mustaffa
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Marhalil Marjuni
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Rajanaidu Nookiah
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Kushairi
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Paul Marjoram
- Department of Preventative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sergey V Nuzhdin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Peter L Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Rajinder Singh
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia.
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22
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The ectopic expression of Arabidopsis glucosyltransferase UGT74D1 affects leaf positioning through modulating indole-3-acetic acid homeostasis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1154. [PMID: 33441983 PMCID: PMC7806859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf angle is an important agronomic trait affecting photosynthesis efficiency and crop yield. Although the mechanisms involved in the leaf angle control are intensively studied in monocots, factors contribute to the leaf angle in dicots are largely unknown. In this article, we explored the physiological roles of an Arabidopsis glucosyltransferase, UGT74D1, which have been proved to be indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) glucosyltransferase in vitro. We found that UGT74D1 possessed the enzymatic activity toward IAA glucosylation in vivo and its expression was induced by auxins. The ectopically expressed UGT74D1 obviously reduced the leaf angle with an altered IAA level, auxin distribution and cell size in leaf tissues. The expression of several key genes involved in the leaf shaping and leaf positioning, including PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE (PKS) genes and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF (TCP) genes, were dramatically changed by ectopic expression of UGT74D1. In addition, clear transcription changes of YUCCA genes and other auxin related genes can be observed in overexpression lines. Taken together, our data indicate that glucosyltransferase UGT74D1 could affect leaf positioning through modulating auxin homeostasis and regulating transcription of PKS and TCP genes, suggesting a potential new role of UGT74D1 in regulation of leaf angle in dicot Arabidopsis.
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23
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Kantharaj V, Ramasamy NK, Yoon YE, Cheong MS, Kim YN, Lee KA, Kumar V, Choe H, Kim SY, Chohra H, Lee YB. Auxin-Glucose Conjugation Protects the Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Seedlings Against Hydroxyurea-Induced Phytotoxicity by Activating UDP-Glucosyltransferase Enzyme. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:767044. [PMID: 35251058 PMCID: PMC8888425 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is the replication stress known to carry out cell cycle arrest by inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) enzyme upon generating excess hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plants. Phytohormones undergo synergistic and antagonistic interactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox signaling to protect plants against biotic and abiotic stress. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective role of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in mitigating HU-induced toxicity in rice seedlings. The results showed that IAA augmentation improved the growth of the seedlings and biomass production by maintaining photosynthesis metabolism under HU stress. This was associated with reduced H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and improved antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)] activity that was significantly affected under HU stress. Furthermore, we showed that the HU stress-induced DNA damage leads to the activation of uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucosyltransferase (UGT), which mediates auxin homeostasis by catalyzing IAA-glucose conjugation in rice. This IAA-glucose conjugation upregulates the RNR, transcription factor 2 (E2F2), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), and cyclin (CYC) genes that are vital for DNA replication and cell division. As a result, perturbed IAA homeostasis significantly enhanced the key phytohormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), cytokinin (CTK), and gibberellic acid (GA), that alter plant architecture by improving growth and development. Collectively, our results contribute to a better understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms underpinning improved growth following the HU + IAA combination, activated by phytohormone and ROS crosstalk upon hormone conjugation via UGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimalraj Kantharaj
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | | | - Young-Eun Yoon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Mi Sun Cheong
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Keum-Ah Lee
- Department of Smart Agro-Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Vikranth Kumar
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Hyeonji Choe
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Song Yeob Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hadjer Chohra
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong Bok Lee,
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Aoi Y, Hira H, Hayakawa Y, Liu H, Fukui K, Dai X, Tanaka K, Hayashi KI, Zhao Y, Kasahara H. UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT84B1 regulates the levels of indole-3-acetic acid and phenylacetic acid in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:244-250. [PMID: 32868079 PMCID: PMC7641881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key plant growth regulator for diverse developmental processes in plants. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a primary plant auxin that regulates the formation of various organs. Plants also produce phenylacetic acid (PAA), another natural auxin, which occurs more abundantly than IAA in various plant species. Although it has been demonstrated that the two auxins have distinct transport characteristics, the metabolic pathways and physiological roles of PAA in plants remain unsolved. In this study, we investigated the role of Arabidopsis UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT84B1 in IAA and PAA metabolism. We demonstrated that UGT84B1, which converts IAA to IAA-glucoside (IAA-Glc), can also catalyze the conversion of PAA to PAA-glucoside (PAA-Glc), with a higher catalytic activity in vitro. Furthermore, we showed a significant increase in both the IAA and PAA levels in the ugt84b1 null mutants. However, no obvious developmental phenotypes were observed in the ugt84b1 mutants under laboratory growth conditions. Moreover, the overexpression of UGT84B1 resulted in auxin-deficient root phenotypes and changes in the IAA and PAA levels. Our results indicate that UGT84B1 plays an important role in IAA and PAA homeostasis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Aoi
- Department of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hayao Hira
- Department of Bioregulation and Biointeraction, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuya Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hongquan Liu
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Kosuke Fukui
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Keita Tanaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kasahara
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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He Y, Zhao J, Yang B, Sun S, Peng L, Wang Z. Indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU regulates seed vigour through mediating crosstalk between auxin and abscisic acid in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1933-1945. [PMID: 32012429 PMCID: PMC7415787 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seed vigour is an important trait for direct seeding in rice. In this study, indole-3-acetate beta-glucosyltransferase OsIAGLU was cloned in rice, and its roles on seed vigour were mainly investigated. Disruption of OsIAGLU resulted in low seed vigour in rice. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of OsIAGLU were relatively higher in the late developing and the early germinating seeds and were significantly induced by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Transcriptome analysis revealed that the IAA- and ABA-related genes were involved in the OsIAGLU regulation of seed vigour in rice. The higher levels of free IAA and ABA were identified in germinating seeds of osiaglu mutants compared to wild-type (WT) plants. When treated with exogenous IAA and ABA, the osiaglu mutants and WT plants showed sensitivity to ABA while not IAA, but the exogenous IAA amplified ABA-induced reduction of seed vigour in rice. The continuously higher expressions of ABA-INSENSITIVE 3 (OsABI3) and OsABI5 occurred in germinating seeds of osiaglu mutants compared to WT plants. The regulation of seed vigour by OsIAGLU might be through modulating IAA and ABA levels to alert OsABIs expression in germinating seeds in rice. Based on analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism data of rice accessions, two haplotypes of OsIAGLU that positively correlated with seed vigour were identified in indica accessions. This study provides important insights into the roles of OsIAGLU on seed vigour and facilitates the practical use of OsIAGLU in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi He
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia Zhao
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Agriculture and BiologyZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhouChina
| | - Shan Sun
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liling Peng
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhoufei Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and TechnologyGuangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular BreedingState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐BioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
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26
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Trujillo-Hernandez JA, Bariat L, Enders TA, Strader LC, Reichheld JP, Belin C. A glutathione-dependent control of the indole butyric acid pathway supports Arabidopsis root system adaptation to phosphate deprivation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4843-4857. [PMID: 32309856 PMCID: PMC7410191 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture results from a highly plastic developmental process to adapt to environmental conditions. In particular, the development of lateral roots and root hair growth are constantly optimized to the rhizosphere properties, including biotic and abiotic constraints. The development of the root system is tightly controlled by auxin, the driving morphogenic hormone in plants. Glutathione, a major thiol redox regulator, is also critical for root development but its interplay with auxin is scarcely understood. Previous work showed that glutathione deficiency does not alter root responses to indole acetic acid (IAA), the main active auxin in plants. Because indole butyric acid (IBA), another endogenous auxinic compound, is an important source of IAA for the control of root development, we investigated the crosstalk between glutathione and IBA during root development. We show that glutathione deficiency alters lateral roots and root hair responses to exogenous IBA but not IAA. Detailed genetic analyses suggest that glutathione regulates IBA homeostasis or conversion to IAA in the root cap. Finally, we show that both glutathione and IBA are required to trigger the root hair response to phosphate deprivation, suggesting an important role for this glutathione-dependent regulation of the auxin pathway in plant developmental adaptation to its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Trujillo-Hernandez
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR, Perpignan, France
| | - Laetitia Bariat
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR, Perpignan, France
| | - Tara A Enders
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Present address: Hofstra University, Department of Biology, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Lucia C Strader
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Reichheld
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR, Perpignan, France
| | - Christophe Belin
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR, Perpignan, France
- Correspondence:
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27
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IPyA glucosylation mediates light and temperature signaling to regulate auxin-dependent hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6910-6917. [PMID: 32152121 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000172117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin is a class of plant hormone that plays a crucial role in the life cycle of plants, particularly in the growth response of plants to ever-changing environments. Since the auxin responses are concentration-dependent and higher auxin concentrations might often be inhibitory, the optimal endogenous auxin level must be closely controlled. However, the underlying mechanism governing auxin homeostasis remains largely unknown. In this study, a UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT76F1) was identified from Arabidopsis thaliana, which participates in the regulation of auxin homeostasis by glucosylation of indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), a major precursor of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, in the formation of IPyA glucose conjugates (IPyA-Glc). In addition, UGT76F1 was found to mediate hypocotyl growth by modulating active auxin levels in a light- and temperature-dependent manner. Moreover, the transcription of UGT76F1 was demonstrated to be directly and negatively regulated by PIF4, which is a key integrator of both light and temperature signaling pathways. This study sheds a light on the trade-off between IAA biosynthesis and IPyA-Glc formation in controlling auxin levels and reveals a regulatory mechanism for plant growth adaptation to environmental changes through glucosylation of IPyA.
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28
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Weng J, Chen L, Cheng Y, Li Y, Jia H, Zhou H, Wei P. Expression, characterization, and site-directed mutagenesis of UDP-glycosyltransferase UGT88A1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Bioengineered 2019; 10:142-149. [PMID: 31070087 PMCID: PMC6527070 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1607710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin-4′-O-glucoside is one of the major quercetin derivatives in the mature red onion bulb. It has an adjuvant effect on allergies, asthma, arthritis, and cancer. The present study aimed to use uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase 88A1 (UGT88A1) from Arabidopsis thaliana to achieve the enzymatic synthesis of quercetin-4′-O-glucoside from quercetin. The results showed that UGT88A1 was most active at pH 9.0. The optimum temperature of UGT88A1 for synthesizing quercetin-4′-O-glucoside was 45°C, which was a little lower than that for synthesizing quercetin-3-O-glucoside (50°C). One mutant, V18R, of UGT88A1 was obtained by site-directed mutation and showed a greater affinity (Km 0.20 mM) and twice the enzyme activity (552.3 mU/mg) towards quercetin compared with the wild-type enzyme (0.36 mM and 227.6 mU/mg, respectively). The possible reason could be attributed to the distance change between the 18th amino-acid residue of UGT88A1 and the substrate quercetin, as deduced by molecular simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Weng
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yinchu Cheng
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yan Li
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , China
| | - Honghua Jia
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hua Zhou
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ping Wei
- a College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing , China
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29
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Liu Q, Chen TT, Xiao DW, Zhao SM, Lin JS, Wang T, Li YJ, Hou BK. OsIAGT1 Is a Glucosyltransferase Gene Involved in the Glucose Conjugation of Auxins in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:92. [PMID: 31853664 PMCID: PMC6920275 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cereal crop rice, auxin is known as an important class of plant hormone that regulates a plethora of plant growth and development. Glycosylation of auxin is known to be one of the important mechanisms mediating auxin homeostasis. However, the relevant auxin glucosyltransferase (GT) in rice still remains largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, using known auxin glucosyltransferases from other species as queries, twelve putative auxin UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes were cloned from rice and the one showing highest sequence similarity, named as OsIAGT1, was expressed as recombinant protein. In vitro enzymatic analysis showed that recombinant OsIAGT1 was capable of catalyzing glucosylation of IAA, IBA and other auxin analogs, and that OsIAGT1 is quite tolerant to a broad range of reaction conditions with peak activity at 30 °С and pH 8.0. OsIAGT1 showed favorite activity towards native auxins over artificially synthesized ones. Further study indicated that expression of OsIAGT1 can be upregulated by auxin in rice, and with OsIAGT1 overexpressing lines we confirmed that OsIAGT1 is indeed able to glucosylate IAA in vivo. Consistently, ectopic expression of OsIAGT1 leads to declined endogenous IAA content, as well as upregulated auxin synthesis genes and reduced expression of auxin-responsive genes, which likely leads to the reduced plant stature and root length in OsIAGT1 overexpression lines. CONCLUSION Our result indicated that OsIAGT1 plays an important role in mediating auxin homeostasis by catalyzing auxin glucosylation, and by which OsIAGT1 regulates growth and development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- The Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Dong-Wang Xiao
- The Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shu-Man Zhao
- The Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ji-Shan Lin
- The Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Present Address: Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- The Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- The Key Lab of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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30
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Yu XL, Wang HY, Leung DWM, He ZD, Zhang JJ, Peng XX, Liu EE. Overexpression of OsIAAGLU reveals a role for IAA-glucose conjugation in modulating rice plant architecture. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:731-739. [PMID: 30903268 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OsIAAGLU could catalyze the reaction of IAA with glucose to generate IAA-glucose. Overexpression of OsIAAGLU in rice resulted in altered rice shoot architecture and root gravitropism. The distribution and levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) within plant tissues are well known to play vital roles in plant growth and development. An important mechanism of regulating free IAA levels in monocots is formation of IAA ester conjugates. In this study, a cytosol-localized protein encoded by the rice gene of indole-3-acetic acid glucosyltransferase (OsIAAGLU) was found to catalyze the reaction of free IAA with glucose to generate IAA-glucose. Expression of OsIAAGLU could be induced by IAA and NAA. The number of tillers and leaf angle was significantly increased with a concomitant decrease in plant height and panicle length in the transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsIAAGLU compared to the wild-type (WT) plants. Phenotypes of iaaglu mutants constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system had no obvious differences with WT plants. Furthermore, overexpression of OsIAAGLU resulted in reduced sensitivity to IAA/NAA and altered gravitropic response of the roots in the transgenic plants. Free IAA contents in the leaves, root tips, and lamina joint of OsIAAGLU-overexpressing transgenic lines were lower than those of WT plants. These results support that OsIAAGLU could play a regulatory role in IAA homeostasis and rice architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - David W M Leung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Zhi-Dan He
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xiang Peng
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - E-E Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Brunoni F, Collani S, Šimura J, Schmid M, Bellini C, Ljung K. A bacterial assay for rapid screening of IAA catabolic enzymes. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:126. [PMID: 31700527 PMCID: PMC6827244 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants rely on concentration gradients of the native auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), to modulate plant growth and development. Both metabolic and transport processes participate in the dynamic regulation of IAA homeostasis. Free IAA levels can be reduced by inactivation mechanisms, such as conjugation and degradation. IAA can be conjugated via ester linkage to glucose, or via amide linkage to amino acids, and degraded via oxidation. Members of the UDP glucosyl transferase (UGT) family catalyze the conversion of IAA to indole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester (IAGlc); by contrast, IAA is irreversibly converted to indole-3-acetyl-l-aspartic acid (IAAsp) and indole-3-acetyl glutamic acid (IAGlu) by Group II of the GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3) family of acyl amido synthetases. Dioxygenase for auxin oxidation (DAO) irreversibly oxidizes IAA to oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA) and, in turn, oxIAA can be further glucosylated to oxindole-3-acetyl-1-glucosyl ester (oxIAGlc) by UGTs. These metabolic pathways have been identified based on mutant analyses, in vitro activity measurements, and in planta feeding assays. In vitro assays for studying protein activity are based on producing Arabidopsis enzymes in a recombinant form in bacteria or yeast followed by recombinant protein purification. However, the need to extract and purify the recombinant proteins represents a major obstacle when performing in vitro assays. RESULTS In this work we report a rapid, reproducible and cheap method to screen the enzymatic activity of recombinant proteins that are known to inactivate IAA. The enzymatic reactions are carried out directly in bacteria that produce the recombinant protein. The enzymatic products can be measured by direct injection of a small supernatant fraction from the bacterial culture on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Experimental procedures were optimized for testing the activity of different classes of IAA-modifying enzymes without the need to purify recombinant protein. CONCLUSIONS This new method represents an alternative to existing in vitro assays. It can be applied to the analysis of IAA metabolites that are produced upon supplementation of substrate to engineered bacterial cultures and can be used for a rapid screening of orthologous candidate genes from non-model species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Brunoni
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umu), Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
- Present Address: Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Silvio Collani
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umu), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Markus Schmid
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umu), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umu), Umeå, Sweden
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Karin Ljung
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
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Goggin DE, Nealon GL, Cawthray GR, Scaffidi A, Howard MJ, Powles SB, Flematti GR. Identity and Activity of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Metabolites in Wild Radish ( Raphanus raphanistrum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13378-13385. [PMID: 30516986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic auxin herbicides, such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), are widely used for selective control of broadleaf weeds in cereals and transgenic crops. Although the troublesome weed wild radish ( Raphanus raphanistrum) has developed resistance to 2,4-D, no populations have yet displayed an enhanced capacity for metabolic detoxification of the herbicide, with both susceptible and resistant wild radish plants readily metabolizing 2,4-D. Using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, the major 2,4-D metabolite was identified as the glucose ester, and its structure was confirmed by synthesis. As expected, both the endogenous and synthetic compounds retained auxin activity in a bioassay. The lack of detectable 2,4-D hydroxylation in wild radish and the lability of the glucose ester suggest that metabolic 2,4-D resistance is unlikely to develop in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mark J Howard
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom
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Skalický V, Kubeš M, Napier R, Novák O. Auxins and Cytokinins-The Role of Subcellular Organization on Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3115. [PMID: 30314316 PMCID: PMC6213326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones are master regulators of plant growth and development. Better knowledge of their spatial signaling and homeostasis (transport and metabolism) on the lowest structural levels (cellular and subcellular) is therefore crucial to a better understanding of developmental processes in plants. Recent progress in phytohormone analysis at the cellular and subcellular levels has greatly improved the effectiveness of isolation protocols and the sensitivity of analytical methods. This review is mainly focused on homeostasis of two plant hormone groups, auxins and cytokinins. It will summarize and discuss their tissue- and cell-type specific distributions at the cellular and subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Skalický
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kubeš
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Busi R, Goggin DE, Heap IM, Horak MJ, Jugulam M, Masters RA, Napier RM, Riar DS, Satchivi NM, Torra J, Westra P, Wright TR. Weed resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2265-2276. [PMID: 29235732 PMCID: PMC6175398 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides classified as synthetic auxins have been most commonly used to control broadleaf weeds in a variety of crops and in non-cropland areas since the first synthetic auxin herbicide (SAH), 2,4-D, was introduced to the market in the mid-1940s. The incidence of weed species resistant to SAHs is relatively low considering their long-term global application with 30 broadleaf, 5 grass, and 1 grass-like weed species confirmed resistant to date. An understanding of the context and mechanisms of SAH resistance evolution can inform management practices to sustain the longevity and utility of this important class of herbicides. A symposium was convened during the 2nd Global Herbicide Resistance Challenge (May 2017; Denver, CO, USA) to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of SAH resistance mechanisms including case studies of weed species resistant to SAHs and perspectives on mitigating resistance development in SAH-tolerant crops. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Busi
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and EnvironmentUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Danica E Goggin
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and EnvironmentUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia
| | - Ian M Heap
- International Survey of Herbicide‐Resistant WeedsCorvallisORUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel Torra
- Department of Horticulture, Botany and GardeningUniversity of LleidaLleidaSpain
| | - Phillip Westra
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest ManagementColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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35
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Tsuchiya Y. Small Molecule Toolbox for Strigolactone Biology. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1511-1519. [PMID: 29931079 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones associated with diverse developmental processes including plant architecture and stress responses. SLs are exuded to the soil as an ecological signal to attract symbiotic arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi. This ecological mechanism is also used by parasitic plants to detect the presence of host plants and initiate germination. The functional diversity of SLs makes SL biology so extensive that a single methodology is not sufficient to comprehend it. This review describes the theoretical and practical aspects of the design of small molecule probes that have been used to elucidate the functions of SLs. The lessons from the development of small molecules to tackle the unique questions in SL biology might be instructive in the extending field of chemical biology in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Tsuchiya
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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36
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Sánchez-García AB, Ibáñez S, Cano A, Acosta M, Pérez-Pérez JM. A comprehensive phylogeny of auxin homeostasis genes involved in adventitious root formation in carnation stem cuttings. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196663. [PMID: 29709027 PMCID: PMC5927418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the functional basis of auxin homeostasis requires knowledge about auxin biosynthesis, auxin transport and auxin catabolism genes, which is not always directly available despite the recent whole-genome sequencing of many plant species. Through sequence homology searches and phylogenetic analyses on a selection of 11 plant species with high-quality genome annotation, we identified the putative gene homologs involved in auxin biosynthesis, auxin catabolism and auxin transport pathways in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). To deepen our knowledge of the regulatory events underlying auxin-mediated adventitious root formation in carnation stem cuttings, we used RNA-sequencing data to confirm the expression profiles of some auxin homeostasis genes during the rooting of two carnation cultivars with different rooting behaviors. We also confirmed the presence of several auxin-related metabolites in the stem cutting tissues. Our findings offer a comprehensive overview of auxin homeostasis genes in carnation and provide a solid foundation for further experiments investigating the role of auxin homeostasis in the regulation of adventitious root formation in carnation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Ibáñez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Fisiología Vegetal), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal (Fisiología Vegetal), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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37
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Zhang GZ, Jin SH, Li P, Jiang XY, Li YJ, Hou BK. Ectopic expression of UGT84A2 delayed flowering by indole-3-butyric acid-mediated transcriptional repression of ARF6 and ARF8 genes in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1995-2006. [PMID: 29027578 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhi Zhang
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Shang-Hui Jin
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Pan Li
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Jiang
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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38
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Olatunji D, Geelen D, Verstraeten I. Control of Endogenous Auxin Levels in Plant Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2587. [PMID: 29194427 PMCID: PMC5751190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the different biosynthesis-related pathways that contribute to the regulation of endogenous auxin in plants. We demonstrate that all known genes involved in auxin biosynthesis also have a role in root formation, from the initiation of a root meristem during embryogenesis to the generation of a functional root system with a primary root, secondary lateral root branches and adventitious roots. Furthermore, the versatile adaptation of root development in response to environmental challenges is mediated by both local and distant control of auxin biosynthesis. In conclusion, auxin homeostasis mediated by spatial and temporal regulation of auxin biosynthesis plays a central role in determining root architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Olatunji
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Inge Verstraeten
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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39
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Simonini S, Bencivenga S, Trick M, Østergaard L. Auxin-Induced Modulation of ETTIN Activity Orchestrates Gene Expression in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:1864-1882. [PMID: 28804059 PMCID: PMC5590509 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin governs crucial developmental decisions throughout the plant life cycle. Auxin signaling is effectuated by auxin response factors (ARFs) whose activity is repressed by Aux/IAA proteins under low auxin levels, but relieved from repression when cellular auxin concentrations increase. ARF3/ETTIN (ETT) is a conserved noncanonical Arabidopsis thaliana ARF that adopts an alternative auxin-sensing mode of translating auxin levels into multiple transcriptional outcomes. However, a mechanistic model for how this auxin-dependent modulation of ETT activity regulates gene expression has not yet been elucidated. Here, we take a genome-wide approach to show how ETT controls developmental processes in the Arabidopsis shoot through its auxin-sensing property. Moreover, analysis of direct ETT targets suggests that ETT functions as a central node in coordinating auxin dynamics and plant development and reveals tight feedback regulation at both the transcriptional and protein-interaction levels. Finally, we present an example to demonstrate how auxin sensitivity of ETT-protein interactions can shape the composition of downstream transcriptomes to ensure specific developmental outcomes. These results show that direct effects of auxin on protein factors, such as ETT-TF complexes, comprise an important part of auxin biology and likely contribute to the vast number of biological processes affected by this simple molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Simonini
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Bencivenga
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Trick
- Computational and System Biology Department, John Innes Centre, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom
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40
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Abstract
Nearly all programmed and plastic plant growth responses are at least partially regulated by auxins, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Although vectorial, long distance auxin transport is essential to its regulatory function, all auxin responses are ultimately localized in individual target cells. As a consequence, cellular auxin concentrations are tightly regulated via coordinated biosynthesis, transport, conjugation, and oxidation. The primary auxin oxidative product across species is 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid (oxIAA), followed by glucose and amino acid conjugation to oxIAA. Recently, the enzymes catalyzing the oxidative reaction were characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. DIOXYGENASE OF AUXIN OXIDATION (DAO) comprises a small subfamily of the 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II) [2-OG Fe(II)] dependent dioxygenase superfamily. Biochemical and genetic studies have revealed critical physiological functions of DAO during plant growth and development. Thus far, DAO has been identified in three species by homology. Here, we review historical and recent studies and discuss future perspectives regarding DAO and IAA oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742,USA
| | - Wendy Ann Peer
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Xie D, Dai Z, Yang Z, Sun J, Zhao D, Yang X, Zhang L, Tang Q, Su J. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifying Candidate Genes Influencing Important Agronomic Traits of Flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) Using SLAF-seq. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2232. [PMID: 29375606 PMCID: PMC5767239 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is an important cash crop, and its agronomic traits directly affect yield and quality. Molecular studies on flax remain inadequate because relatively few flax genes have been associated with agronomic traits or have been identified as having potential applications. To identify markers and candidate genes that can potentially be used for genetic improvement of crucial agronomic traits, we examined 224 specimens of core flax germplasm; specifically, phenotypic data for key traits, including plant height, technical length, number of branches, number of fruits, and 1000-grain weight were investigated under three environmental conditions before specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) was employed to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for these five agronomic traits. Subsequently, the results were used to screen single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and candidate genes that exhibited a significant correlation with the important agronomic traits. Our analyses identified a total of 42 SNP loci that showed significant correlations with the five important agronomic flax traits. Next, candidate genes were screened in the 10 kb zone of each of the 42 SNP loci. These SNP loci were then analyzed by a more stringent screening via co-identification using both a general linear model (GLM) and a mixed linear model (MLM) as well as co-occurrences in at least two of the three environments, whereby 15 final candidate genes were obtained. Based on these results, we determined that UGT and PL are candidate genes for plant height, GRAS and XTH are candidate genes for the number of branches, Contig1437 and LU0019C12 are candidate genes for the number of fruits, and PHO1 is a candidate gene for the 1000-seed weight. We propose that the identified SNP loci and corresponding candidate genes might serve as a biological basis for improving crucial agronomic flax traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Xie
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigang Dai
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zemao Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Debao Zhao
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jianguang Su
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguang Su
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Mamoon Rehman H, Amjad Nawaz M, Bao L, Hussain Shah Z, Lee JM, Ahmad MQ, Chung G, Yang SH. Genome-wide analysis of Family-1 UDP-glycosyltransferases in soybean confirms their abundance and varied expression during seed development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 206:87-97. [PMID: 27721120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Family-1 UDP-glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.1.x; UGTs) are enzymes that glycosylate aglycones into glycoside-associated compounds with improved transport and water solubility. This glycosylation mechanism is vital to plant functions, such as regulation of hormonal homeostasis, growth and development, xenobiotic detoxification, stress response, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Here, we report a genome-wide analysis of soybean that identified 149 putative UGTs based on 44 conserved plant secondary product glycosyl-transferase (PSPG) motif amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis against 22 referenced UGTs from Arabidopsis and maize clustered the putative UGTs into 15 major groups (A-O); J, K, and N were not represented, but the UGTs were distributed across all chromosomes except chromosome 04. Leucine was the most abundant amino acid across all 149 UGT peptide sequences. Two conserved introns (C1 and C2) were detected in the most intron-containing UGTs. Publicly available microarray data on their maximum expression in the seed developmental stage were further confirmed using Affymetrix soybean IVT array and RNA sequencing data. The UGT expression models were designed, based on reads per kilobase of gene model per million mapped read (RPKM) values confirmed their maximally varied expression at globular and early maturation stages of seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mamoon Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Bao
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Zahid Hussain Shah
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdul-Aziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Qadir Ahmad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 6000, Pakistan
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea
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Pasquet JC, Changenet V, Macadré C, Boex-Fontvieille E, Soulhat C, Bouchabké-Coussa O, Dalmais M, Atanasova-Pénichon V, Bendahmane A, Saindrenan P, Dufresne M. A Brachypodium UDP-Glycosyltransferase Confers Root Tolerance to Deoxynivalenol and Resistance to Fusarium Infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:559-74. [PMID: 27378816 PMCID: PMC5074643 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a cereal disease caused by Fusarium graminearum, a fungus able to produce type B trichothecenes on cereals, including deoxynivalenol (DON), which is harmful for humans and animals. Resistance to FHB is quantitative, and the mechanisms underlying resistance are poorly understood. Resistance has been related to the ability to conjugate DON into a glucosylated form, deoxynivalenol-3-O-glucose (D3G), by secondary metabolism UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs). However, functional analyses have never been performed within a single host species. Here, using the model cereal species Brachypodium distachyon, we show that the Bradi5g03300 UGT converts DON into D3G in planta. We present evidence that a mutation in Bradi5g03300 increases root sensitivity to DON and the susceptibility of spikes to F. graminearum, while overexpression confers increased root tolerance to the mycotoxin and spike resistance to the fungus. The dynamics of expression and conjugation suggest that the speed of DON conjugation rather than the increase of D3G per se is a critical factor explaining the higher resistance of the overexpressing lines. A detached glumes assay showed that overexpression but not mutation of the Bradi5g03300 gene alters primary infection by F. graminearum, highlighting the involvement of DON in early steps of infection. Together, these results indicate that early and efficient UGT-mediated conjugation of DON is necessary and sufficient to establish resistance to primary infection by F. graminearum and highlight a novel strategy to promote FHB resistance in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Pasquet
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France;INRA, UMR1318, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;APT, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France; andINRA/UR1264 MycSA, Domaine de la Grande-Ferrade CS20032, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Valentin Changenet
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France;INRA, UMR1318, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;APT, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France; andINRA/UR1264 MycSA, Domaine de la Grande-Ferrade CS20032, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Catherine Macadré
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France;INRA, UMR1318, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;APT, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France; andINRA/UR1264 MycSA, Domaine de la Grande-Ferrade CS20032, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Edouard Boex-Fontvieille
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France;INRA, UMR1318, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;APT, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France; andINRA/UR1264 MycSA, Domaine de la Grande-Ferrade CS20032, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Camille Soulhat
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France;INRA, UMR1318, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;APT, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France; andINRA/UR1264 MycSA, Domaine de la Grande-Ferrade CS20032, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Oumaya Bouchabké-Coussa
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France;INRA, UMR1318, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;APT, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France; andINRA/UR1264 MycSA, Domaine de la Grande-Ferrade CS20032, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Marion Dalmais
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France;INRA, UMR1318, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;APT, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France; andINRA/UR1264 MycSA, Domaine de la Grande-Ferrade CS20032, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Vessela Atanasova-Pénichon
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France;INRA, UMR1318, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;APT, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France; andINRA/UR1264 MycSA, Domaine de la Grande-Ferrade CS20032, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France;INRA, UMR1318, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;APT, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France; andINRA/UR1264 MycSA, Domaine de la Grande-Ferrade CS20032, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Patrick Saindrenan
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France;INRA, UMR1318, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;APT, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France; andINRA/UR1264 MycSA, Domaine de la Grande-Ferrade CS20032, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Marie Dufresne
- IPS2, UMR9213/UMR1403, CNRS, INRA, UPSud, UPD, SPS, 91405 Orsay, France;INRA, UMR1318, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France;APT, IJPB, RD10, F-78000 Versailles, France; andINRA/UR1264 MycSA, Domaine de la Grande-Ferrade CS20032, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
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Zhang GZ, Jin SH, Jiang XY, Dong RR, Li P, Li YJ, Hou BK. Ectopic expression of UGT75D1, a glycosyltransferase preferring indole-3-butyric acid, modulates cotyledon development and stress tolerance in seed germination of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:77-93. [PMID: 26496910 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The formation of auxin glucose conjugate is proposed to be one of the molecular modifications controlling auxin homeostasis. However, the involved mechanisms and relevant physiological significances are largely unknown or poorly understood. In this study, Arabidopsis UGT75D1 was at the first time identified to be an indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) preferring glycosyltransferase. Assessment of enzyme activity and IBA conjugates in transgenic plants ectopically expressing UGT75D1 indicated that the UGT75D1 catalytic specificity was maintained in planta. It was found that the expression pattern of UGT75D1 was specific in germinating seeds. Consistently, we found that transgenic seedlings with over-produced UGT75D1 exhibited smaller cotyledons and cotyledon epidermal cells than the wild type. In addition, UGT75D1 was found to be up-regulated under mannitol, salt and ABA treatments and the over-expression lines were tolerant to osmotic and salt stresses during germination, resulting in an increased germination rate. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA levels of ABA INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) and ABI5 gene in ABA signaling were substantially down-regulated in the transgenic lines under stress treatments. Interestingly, AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 16 (ARF16) gene of transgenic lines was also dramatically down-regulated under the same stress conditions. Since ARF16 functions as an activator of ABI3 transcription, we supposed that UGT75D1 might play a role in stress tolerance during germination through modulating ARF16-ABI3 signaling. Taken together, our work indicated that, serving as the IBA preferring glycosyltransferase but distinct from other auxin glycosyltransferases identified so far, UGT75D1 might be a very important player mediating a crosstalk between cotyledon development and stress tolerance of germination at the early stage of plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhi Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shang-Hui Jin
- School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Jiang
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Rui-Rui Dong
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Pan Li
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Bing-Kai Hou
- Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
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Widdup EE, Chatfield-Reed K, Henry D, Chua G, Samuel MA, Muench DG. Identification of detoxification pathways in plants that are regulated in response to treatment with organic compounds isolated from oil sands process-affected water. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:47-53. [PMID: 26052061 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bitumen mining in the Athabasca oil sands region of northern Alberta results in the accumulation of large volumes of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). The acid-extractable organic (AEO) fraction of OSPW contains a variety of compounds, including naphthenic acids, aromatics, and sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds that are toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. We have studied the effect of AEO treatment on the transcriptome of root and shoot tissues in seedlings of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Several genes encoding enzymes involved in the xenobiotic detoxification pathway were upregulated, including cytochrome P450s (CYPs), UDP-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and membrane transporters. In addition, gene products involved in oxidative stress, β-oxidation, and glucosinolate degradation were also upregulated, indicating other potential mechanisms of the adaptive response to AEO exposure. These results provide insight into the pathways that plants use to detoxify the organic acid component of OSPW. Moreover, this study advances our understanding of genes that could be exploited to potentially develop phytoremediation and biosensing strategies for AEO contaminants resulting from oil sands mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Widdup
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Kate Chatfield-Reed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Darren Henry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Gordon Chua
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada.
| | - Marcus A Samuel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada.
| | - Douglas G Muench
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada.
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Ostrowski M, Hetmann A, Jakubowska A. Indole-3-acetic acid UDP-glucosyltransferase from immature seeds of pea is involved in modification of glycoproteins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 117:25-33. [PMID: 26057226 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation of auxin is one of mechanisms contributing to hormonal homeostasis. The enzyme UDPG: indole-3-ylacetyl-β-D-glucosyltransferase (IAA glucosyltransferase, IAGlc synthase) catalyzes the reversible reaction: IAA+UDPG↔1-O-IA-glucose+UDP, which is the first step in the biosynthesis of IAA-ester conjugates in monocotyledonous plants. In this study, we report IAA-glucosyltransferase isolated using a biochemical approach from immature seed of pea (Pisum sativum). The enzyme was purified by PEG fractionation, DEAE-Sephacel anion-exchange chromatography and preparative PAGE. LC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic peptides of the enzyme revealed the high identity with maize IAGlc synthase, but lack of homology with other IAA-glucosyltransferases from dicots. Biochemical characterization showed that of several acyl acceptors tested, the enzyme had the highest activity on IAA as the glucosyl acceptor (Km=0.52 mM, Vmax=161 nmol min(-1), kcat/Km=4.36 mM s(-1)) and lower activity on indole-3-propionic acid and 1-naphthalene acetic acid. Whereas indole-3-butyric acid and indole-3-propionic acid were competitive inhibitors of IAGlc synthase, D-gluconic acid lactone, an inhibitor of β-glucosidase activity, potentiated the enzyme activity at the optimal concentration of 0.3mM. Moreover, we demonstrated that the 1-O-IA-glucose synthesized by IAGlc synthase is the substrate for IAA labeling of glycoproteins from pea seeds indicating a possible role of this enzyme in the covalent modification of a class of proteins by a plant hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Anna Hetmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Grubb CD, Zipp BJ, Kopycki J, Schubert M, Quint M, Lim EK, Bowles DJ, Pedras MSC, Abel S. Comparative analysis of Arabidopsis UGT74 glucosyltransferases reveals a special role of UGT74C1 in glucosinolate biosynthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:92-105. [PMID: 24779768 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The study of glucosinolates and their regulation has provided a powerful framework for the exploration of fundamental questions about the function, evolution, and ecological significance of plant natural products, but uncertainties about their metabolism remain. Previous work has identified one thiohydroximate S-glucosyltransferase, UGT74B1, with an important role in the core pathway, but also made clear that this enzyme functions redundantly and cannot be the sole UDP-glucose dependent glucosyltransferase (UGT) in glucosinolate synthesis. Here, we present the results of a nearly comprehensive in vitro activity screen of recombinant Arabidopsis Family 1 UGTs, which implicate other members of the UGT74 clade as candidate glucosinolate biosynthetic enzymes. Systematic genetic analysis of this clade indicates that UGT74C1 plays a special role in the synthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates, a conclusion strongly supported by phylogenetic and gene expression analyses. Finally, the ability of UGT74C1 to complement phenotypes and chemotypes of the ugt74b1-2 knockout mutant and to express thiohydroximate UGT activity in planta provides conclusive evidence for UGT74C1 being an accessory enzyme in glucosinolate biosynthesis with a potential function during plant adaptation to environmental challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Douglas Grubb
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
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48
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Li Y, Li P, Wang Y, Dong R, Yu H, Hou B. Genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of Family-1 UDP glycosyltransferases in maize (Zea mays). PLANTA 2014; 239:1265-79. [PMID: 24647682 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Family-1 UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs) from plants transfer sugar moieties from activated sugar donors to a wide range of small molecules, and control many metabolic processes during plant growth and development. Here, we report a genome-wide analysis of maize that identified 147 Family-1 glycosyltransferases based on their conserved PSPG motifs. Phylogenetic analysis of these genes with 18 Arabidopsis UGTs and two rice UGTs clustered them into 17 groups (A-Q). The patterns of intron gain/loss events, as well as their positions within UGTs from the same group, further aided elucidation of their divergence and evolutionary relationships between UGTs. Expression analysis of the maize UGT genes using both online microarray data and quantitative real-time PCR verification indicates that UGT genes are widely expressed in various tissues and likely play important roles in plant growth and development. Our study provides useful information on the Family-1 UGTs in maize, and will facilitate their further characterization to better understand their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- The Key Lab of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Education Ministry of China, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
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49
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Tanaka K, Hayashi KI, Natsume M, Kamiya Y, Sakakibara H, Kawaide H, Kasahara H. UGT74D1 catalyzes the glucosylation of 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid in the auxin metabolic pathway in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:218-28. [PMID: 24285754 PMCID: PMC3894777 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
IAA is a naturally occurring auxin that plays a crucial role in the regulation of plant growth and development. The endogenous concentration of IAA is spatiotemporally regulated by biosynthesis, transport and its inactivation in plants. Previous studies have shown that the metabolism of IAA to 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid (OxIAA) and OxIAA-glucoside (OxIAA-Glc) may play an important role in IAA homeostasis, but the genes involved in this metabolic pathway are still unknown. In this study, we show that UGT74D1 catalyzes the glucosylation of OxIAA in Arabidopsis. By screening yeasts transformed with Arabidopsis UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes, we found that OxIAA-Glc accumulates in the culture media of yeasts expressing UGT74D1 in the presence of OxIAA. Further, we showed that UGT74D1 expressed in Escherichia coli converts OxIAA to OxIAA-Glc. The endogenous concentration of OxIAA-Glc decreased by 85% while that of OxIAA increased 2.5-fold in ugt74d1-deficient mutants, indicating the major role of UGT74D1 in OxIAA metabolism. Moreover, the induction of UGT74D1 markedly increased the level of OxIAA-Glc and loss of root gravitropism. These results indicate that UGT74D1 catalyzes a committed step in the OxIAA-dependent IAA metabolic pathway in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Tanaka
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo
University of Agriculture & Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama,
Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science,
Okayama, 700-0005 Japan
| | - Masahiro Natsume
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo
University of Agriculture & Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509 Japan
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama,
Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama,
Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaide
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo
University of Agriculture & Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kasahara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama,
Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory
Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Saitama, 332-0012 Japan
- *Corresponding author: E-mail,
; Fax +81-45-503-9665
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