1
|
van den Berg CP, Santon M, Endler JA, Cheney KL. Highly defended nudibranchs "escape" to visually distinct background habitats. Behav Ecol 2024; 35:arae053. [PMID: 39086666 PMCID: PMC11289952 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The "escape and radiate" hypothesis predicts that once species have evolved aposematism, defended species can utilize more visually diverse visual backgrounds as they "escape" the need to be well camouflaged. This enables species to explore new ecological niches, resulting in increased diversification rates. To test this hypothesis "escape" component, we examined whether the background habitats of 12 nudibranch mollusk species differed among species depending on the presence and strength of chemical defenses. We obtained a rich array of color pattern statistics using quantitative color pattern analysis to analyze backgrounds viewed through the eyes of a potential predator (triggerfish, Rhinecanthus aculeatus). Color pattern analysis was done at viewing distances simulating an escalating predation sequence. We identified 4 latent factors comprising 17 noncorrelated color pattern parameters, which captured the among-species variability associated with differences in chemical defenses. We found that chemically defended species, indeed, were found on visually distinct backgrounds with increased color and luminance contrast, independent of viewing distance. However, we found no evidence for increased among-species background diversity coinciding with the presence and strength of chemical defenses. Our results agree with the "escape and radiate" hypothesis, suggesting that potent chemical defenses in Dorid nudibranchs coincide with spatiochromatic differences of visual background habitats perceived by potential predators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric P van den Berg
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, University Drive, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Santon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - John A Endler
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, University Drive, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Righi S, Forti L, Simonini R, Ferrari V, Prevedelli D, Mucci A. Novel Natural Compounds and Their Anatomical Distribution in the Stinging Fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Annelida). Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090585. [PMID: 36135774 PMCID: PMC9504318 DOI: 10.3390/md20090585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence in the field of bioprospection fosters the necessity of studying poorly investigated poisonous marine invertebrates to expand knowledge on animal venom biology. Among marine annelids, amphinomid fireworms are notorious for their bearded trunk equipped with a powerful stinging capacity. Here, a methodological workflow based on analytical chemistry techniques (compound isolation followed by mass spectrometry and spectroscopy analyses) was applied to gain new insights, leading to the identification and structural elucidation of an array of natural products from Mediterranean specimens of Hermodice carunculata. Eight betaine-derived unprecedented compounds, named “carunculines”, were detected, bearing two terminal ammonium groups tri-and disubstituted at the Cα (A, B) and a series of different alkyl chains (I–VIII). The mixture of chemicals was found in all the body parts of H. carunculata, supporting a mechanism of action triggered by their vehiculation inside the dorsal chaetae, and subsequent injection when chaetae break off on contact. Preliminary investigations to understand adaptive features were also performed, showing a trend in carunculine abundance that fits into the evolutionary history of these worms. These findings shed light on the chemical ecology of amphinomids, giving reasons for the success of H. carunculata in benthic environments and providing promising novel metabolites for biotechnological implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Righi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Forti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Simonini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferrari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniela Prevedelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Adele Mucci
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Winters AE, Chan W, White AM, van den Berg CP, Garson MJ, Cheney KL. Weapons or deterrents? Nudibranch molluscs use distinct ecological modes of chemical defence against predators. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:831-844. [PMID: 34839542 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Defensive chemicals are used by plants and animals to reduce the risk of predation through different mechanisms, including toxins that cause injury and harm (weapons) and unpalatable or odiferous compounds that prevent attacks (deterrents). However, whether effective defences are both toxins and deterrents, or work in just one modality is often unclear. In this study, our primary aim was to determine whether defensive compounds stored by nudibranch molluscs acted as weapons (in terms of being toxic), deterrents (in terms of being distasteful) or both. Our secondary aim was to investigate the response of different taxa to these defensive compounds. To do this, we identified secondary metabolites in 30 species of nudibranch molluscs and investigated their deterrent properties using antifeedant assays with three taxa: rock pool shrimp, Palaemon serenus, and two fish species: triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus and toadfish Tetractenos hamiltoni. We compared these results to toxicity assays using brine shrimp Artemia sp. and previously published toxicity data with a damselfish Chromis viridis. Overall, we found no clear relationship between palatability and toxicity, but instead classified defensive compounds into the following categories: Class I & II-highly unpalatable and highly toxic; Class I-weakly unpalatable and highly toxic; Class II-highly unpalatable but weakly toxic; WR (weak response)-weakly unpalatable and weakly toxic. We also found eight extracts from six species that did not display activity in any assays indicating they may have very limited chemical defensive mechanisms (NR, no response). We found that the different classes of secondary metabolites were similarly unpalatable to fish and shrimp, except extracts from Phyllidiidae nudibranchs (isonitriles) that were highly unpalatable to shrimp but weakly unpalatable to fish. Our results pave the way towards better understanding how animal chemical defences work against a variety of predators. We highlight the need to disentangle weapons and deterrents in future work on anti-predator defences to better understand the foraging decisions faced by predators, the resultant selection pressures imposed on prey and the evolution of different anti-predator strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Winters
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Weili Chan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Andrew M White
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Cedric P van den Berg
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li XL, Li SW, Yao LG, Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Guo YW. The chemical and chemo-ecological studies on Weizhou nudibranch Glossodoris atromarginata. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:554-560. [PMID: 31729061 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed chemical investigation of the nudibranch Glossodoris atromarginata collected from Weizhou Island, South China Sea, yielded a new spongian-type diterpene 1, together with the four known-related compounds 2-5. The structure of the new compound 1 was elucidated by the detailed spectroscopic analysis, the comparison of the spectroscopic data with the known diterpene isoagatholactone, and the 13 C chemical shift calculation. In addition, evidence for the absolute stereochemistry of the known compound 2 was, for the first time, provided by the application of time-dependent density functional theory electronic circular dichroism calculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Song-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Gong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionaledelle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionaledelle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vorobyeva OA, Malakhov VV, Ekimova IA. General and fine structure of Aeolidia papillosa cnidosacs (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia). J Morphol 2021; 282:754-768. [PMID: 33713032 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nudibranch mollusks (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) are widely known for their ability to incorporate some active biochemical compounds of their prey, or even organelles and symbionts of the prey, which assured biological success of this group. At the same time, the process of nematocysts obtaining and incorporation into specific structures called cnidosacs by cladobranch mollusks remain poorly studied. This highlights a necessity of additional ultrastructural studies of cnidosac and adjacent organs in various aeolid mollusks using modern microscopic methods as they may provide new insight into the cnidosac diversity and fine-scale dynamics of nematocysts sequestration process. The present study is focused on the general and fine structure of the cnidosac area in cladobranch Aeolidia papillosa (Aeolidiidae). Specific goals of our study were to provide a detailed description of histological and ultrafine structure of epidermis, upper parts of the digestive glands and the cnidosac, its innervation and proliferation using standard histological techniques, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy. Our results clearly demonstrated that A. papillosa cnidosac is a much more complex structure, than it was thought, especially compared with simple cnidosacs found in flabellinids and facelinids. Using CLSM for functional morphological analysis provides a better resolution in visualization of structural elements within a cnidosac compared with traditional histological techniques. We revealed the presence of two cell types in the cnidophage zone: cnidophages and interstitial cells, which differ in ultrastructure and function. Our results also document the presence of a specific cnidopore zone, lined with differentiated cuboid epithelium bearing long microvilli, which likely provides a unidirectional flow of nematocysts during kleptocnides extrusion. For the first time, occurrence of vacuoles containing protective chitinous spindles in the cnidosac epithelium was shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Vorobyeva
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Malakhov
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Ekimova
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chan W, Shaughnessy AEP, van den Berg CP, Garson MJ, Cheney KL. The Validity of Brine Shrimp (Artemia Sp.) Toxicity Assays to Assess the Ecological Function of Marine Natural Products. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:834-846. [PMID: 33713252 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms employ toxic compounds for protection against predators. To understand the effectiveness of such compounds, chemoecological studies often use brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) as a model organism instead of more ecologically relevant species. This is mostly because brine shrimp assays are simple and quick, but also due to the ethical implications associated with inducing harm to vertebrate predators in toxicity assays. In this study, we examined whether brine shrimp assays produce similar results to ichthyological toxicity assays with the aim of validating the use of brine shrimp as a preliminary screening tool. We extracted compounds from eight nudibranch molluscs including six species that we consider to signal their chemical defenses via warning coloration to visually hunting vertebrate predators. We tested the relative toxicity of these compounds against brine shrimp and a vertebrate potential predator, the blue-green damselfish (Chromis viridis). We found that extracts toxic to brine shrimp were also toxic to damselfish; however, extracts non-toxic to brine shrimp may still be toxic to damselfish. We also produced and tested mantle vs whole-body extracts for some nudibranch species, which exhibited similar toxicities in both assays except for the whole-body extract of Goniobranchus splendidus which was harmless to shrimp but toxic to fish, while the mantle extract was toxic to both. Overall, we argue that the brine shrimp assay can reasonably indicate the potential toxicity of a compound to fish, but additional experiments with more ecologically relevant predators are required if a no dose-response is observed against brine shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Chan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | | | - Cedric P van den Berg
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Avila C, Angulo-Preckler C. Bioactive Compounds from Marine Heterobranchs. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:657. [PMID: 33371188 PMCID: PMC7767343 DOI: 10.3390/md18120657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural products of heterobranch molluscs display a huge variability both in structure and in their bioactivity. Despite the considerable lack of information, it can be observed from the recent literature that this group of animals possesses an astonishing arsenal of molecules from different origins that provide the molluscs with potent chemicals that are ecologically and pharmacologically relevant. In this review, we analyze the bioactivity of more than 450 compounds from ca. 400 species of heterobranch molluscs that are useful for the snails to protect themselves in different ways and/or that may be useful to us because of their pharmacological activities. Their ecological activities include predator avoidance, toxicity, antimicrobials, antifouling, trail-following and alarm pheromones, sunscreens and UV protection, tissue regeneration, and others. The most studied ecological activity is predation avoidance, followed by toxicity. Their pharmacological activities consist of cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity; antibiotic, antiparasitic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity; and activity against neurodegenerative diseases and others. The most studied pharmacological activities are cytotoxicity and anticancer activities, followed by antibiotic activity. Overall, it can be observed that heterobranch molluscs are extremely interesting in regard to the study of marine natural products in terms of both chemical ecology and biotechnology studies, providing many leads for further detailed research in these fields in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Carlos Angulo-Preckler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Uncovering the Core Microbiome and Distribution of Palmerolide in Synoicum adareanum Across the Anvers Island Archipelago , Antarctica. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060298. [PMID: 32498449 PMCID: PMC7345734 DOI: 10.3390/md18060298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar marine ecosystems hold the potential for bioactive compound biodiscovery, based on their untapped macro- and microorganism diversity. Characterization of polar benthic marine invertebrate-associated microbiomes is limited to few studies. This study was motivated by our interest in better understanding the microbiome structure and composition of the ascidian, Synoicum adareanum, in which palmerolide A (PalA), a bioactive macrolide with specificity against melanoma, was isolated. PalA bears structural resemblance to a hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide that has similarities to microbially-produced macrolides. We conducted a spatial survey to assess both PalA levels and microbiome composition in S. adareanum in a region of the Antarctic Peninsula near Anvers Island (64°46′ S, 64°03′ W). PalA was ubiquitous and abundant across a collection of 21 ascidians (3 subsamples each) sampled from seven sites across the Anvers Island Archipelago. The microbiome composition (V3–V4 16S rRNA gene sequence variants) of these 63 samples revealed a core suite of 21 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs)—20 of which were distinct from regional bacterioplankton. ASV co-occurrence analysis across all 63 samples yielded subgroups of taxa that may be interacting biologically (interacting subsystems) and, although the levels of PalA detected were not found to correlate with specific sequence variants, the core members appeared to occur in a preferred optimum and tolerance range of PalA levels. These results, together with an analysis of the biosynthetic potential of related microbiome taxa, describe a conserved, high-latitude core microbiome with unique composition and substantial promise for natural product biosynthesis that likely influences the ecology of the holobiont.
Collapse
|
9
|
Two Seas for One Great Diversity: Checklist of the Marine Heterobranchia (Mollusca; Gastropoda) from the Salento Peninsula (South-East Italy). DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12050171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Salento peninsula is a portion of the Italian mainland separating two distinct Mediterranean basins, the Ionian and the Adriatic seas. Several authors have studied the marine Heterobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda) fauna composition living in the Ionian Sea, but to date further knowledge regarding this interesting group of mollusks is still needed. Recent studies have corroborated the peculiarity of the Mediterranean Sea showing high levels of endemism and cryptic diversity. On the other hand, marine sea slugs have been revealed to be important indicators of the marine ecosystem’s health, due to their species-specific diet that consist of a vast variety of sessile and benthic invertebrates. A baseline study of the marine Heterobranchia diversity is therefore a necessary step to reveal the hidden diversity and to monitor the possible presence of alien species. The present study shows results from approximately 600 scientific dives carried out during a nine-year period in all of the main submarine habitats of the studied area, while accounting for the marine Heterobranchia from both the Ionian and Adriatic Seas. With this contribution, the list of marine Heterobranchia inhabiting the Salento Peninsula rises to 160. Furthermore, it also reports, for the first time, the presence of one alien species and three new records for Italian waters. Ecological notes and geographical distribution for each added species are provided together with animal iconography, consisting mainly of in situ photographs, for species identification.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gavagnin M, Carbone M, Ciavatta ML, Mollo E. Natural Products from Marine Heterobranchs: an Overview of Recent Results. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2019. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2019.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
|
11
|
Carbone M, Ciavatta ML, Manzo E, Li XL, Mollo E, Mudianta IW, Guo YW, Gavagnin M. Amphilectene Diterpene Isonitriles and Formamido Derivatives from the Hainan Nudibranch Phyllidia Coelestis. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110603. [PMID: 31653013 PMCID: PMC6891729 DOI: 10.3390/md17110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpene content of two distinct collections of the nudibranch Phyllidia coelestis from the South China Sea has been chemically analyzed. A series of amphilectene diterpenes, most likely of dietary origin, with isocyano and formamido functionalities have been isolated from both collections and spectroscopically characterized by an exhaustive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Interestingly, the structural architecture of compounds 5–7 and 9 with both 8,13-cis and 12,13-cis ring junctions is unprecedented in the amphilectene skeleton. Metabolite 3, which was the most abundant in the nudibranch’s mantle, has been shown to deter feeding by a generalist predator, supporting its involvement in chemical defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy.
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy.
| | - Xiao-Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zuchongzhi Road 555 Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy.
| | - I Wayan Mudianta
- Study Program of Chemical Analysis, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali 81116, Indonesia.
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zuchongzhi Road 555 Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amodeo P, D'Aniello E, Defranoux F, Marino A, D'Angelo L, Ghiselin MT, Mollo E. The Suitability of Fishes as Models for Studying Appetitive Behavior in Vertebrates. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 65:423-438. [PMID: 30083930 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fish have proven to be valuable models in the study of the endocrine control of appetite in response to peripheral signals of energetic and nutritional status. In parallel, a growing body of literature points to the importance of sensory experiences as factors affecting food choice in fish, with a special focus on visual and chemical signals allowing discrimination of potential foods within a 3D environment. Accordingly, waterborne compounds, such as monosaccharides or amino acids, are regarded as the main "olfactory" cues driving fish alimentary behavior. However, we recently suggested that hydrophobic molecules also allow food identification in aquatic environments and that fish actually explore a larger variety of chemosensory cues, including the olfactory/volatile compounds, when determining food palatability. In this study, we show that both homeostatic and chemosensory mechanisms involved in food intake are highly conserved in vertebrates and that the chemosensory world of fish is less different from that of terrestrial mammals than commonly thought. As a result, we support a more integrated and synthetic view of the mechanisms of chemical communication in both terrestrial and aquatic systems, which could help to ensure greater translatability of the fish models, such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio), the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), the goldfish (Carassius auratus), or the Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to terrestrial vertebrates when approaching complex dynamic patterns in alimentary behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Amodeo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Enrico D'Aniello
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione degli Organismi Marini, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fanny Defranoux
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angela Marino
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Livia D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione degli Organismi Marini, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Michael T Ghiselin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Winters AE, Wilson NG, van den Berg CP, How MJ, Endler JA, Marshall NJ, White AM, Garson MJ, Cheney KL. Toxicity and taste: unequal chemical defences in a mimicry ring. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20180457. [PMID: 29875302 PMCID: PMC6015865 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mimicry of warning signals is common, and can be mutualistic when mimetic species harbour equal levels of defence (Müllerian), or parasitic when mimics are undefended but still gain protection from their resemblance to the model (Batesian). However, whether chemically defended mimics should be similar in terms of toxicity (i.e. causing damage to the consumer) and/or unpalatability (i.e. distasteful to consumer) is unclear and in many studies remains undifferentiated. In this study, we investigated the evolution of visual signals and chemical defences in a putative mimicry ring of nudibranch molluscs. First, we demonstrated that the appearance of a group of red spotted nudibranchs molluscs was similar from the perspective of potential fish predators using visual modelling and pattern analysis. Second, using phylogenetic reconstruction, we demonstrated that this colour pattern has evolved multiple times in distantly related individuals. Third, we showed that these nudibranchs contained different chemical profiles used for defensive purposes. Finally, we demonstrated that although levels of distastefulness towards Palaemon shrimp remained relatively constant between species, toxicity levels towards brine shrimp varied significantly. We highlight the need to disentangle toxicity and taste when considering chemical defences in aposematic and mimetic species, and discuss the implications for aposematic and mimicry signal evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Winters
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Molecular Systematics Unit, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Cedric P van den Berg
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Martin J How
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - John A Endler
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - N Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew M White
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Distribution of Defensive Metabolites in Nudibranch Molluscs. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:384-396. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-0941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
15
|
Forster LC, White AM, Cheney KL, Garson MJ. Oxygenated Terpenes from the Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs Goniobranchus splendidus and Goniobranchus collingwoodi. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new terpenes each with a highly oxygenated or rearranged spongian framework were characterized from organic extracts of the nudibranchs G. splendidus and G. collingwoodi collected from Eastern Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise C. Forster
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew M. White
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L. Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mary J. Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Winters AE, Green NF, Wilson NG, How MJ, Garson MJ, Marshall NJ, Cheney KL. Stabilizing selection on individual pattern elements of aposematic signals. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0926. [PMID: 28835556 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Warning signal variation is ubiquitous but paradoxical: low variability should aid recognition and learning by predators. However, spatial variability in the direction and strength of selection for individual elements of the warning signal may allow phenotypic variation for some components, but not others. Variation in selection may occur if predators only learn particular colour pattern components rather than the entire signal. Here, we used a nudibranch mollusc, Goniobranchus splendidus, which exhibits a conspicuous red spot/white body/yellow rim colour pattern, to test this hypothesis. We first demonstrated that secondary metabolites stored within the nudibranch were unpalatable to a marine organism. Using pattern analysis, we demonstrated that the yellow rim remained invariable within and between populations; however, red spots varied significantly in both colour and pattern. In behavioural experiments, a potential fish predator, Rhinecanthus aculeatus, used the presence of the yellow rims to recognize and avoid warning signals. Yellow rims remained stable in the presence of high genetic divergence among populations. We therefore suggest that how predators learn warning signals may cause stabilizing selection on individual colour pattern elements, and will thus have important implications on the evolution of warning signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Winters
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Naomi F Green
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106, Australia.,School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Martin J How
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - N Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of February 2017Nudibranchs have attracted the attention of natural product researchers due to the potential for discovery of bioactive metabolites, in conjunction with the interesting predator-prey chemical ecological interactions that are present. This review covers the literature published on natural products isolated from nudibranchs up to February 2017 with species arranged taxonomically. Selected examples of metabolites obtained from nudibranchs across the full range of taxa are discussed, including their origins (dietary or biosynthetic) if known and biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis J Dean
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fisch KM, Hertzer C, Böhringer N, Wuisan ZG, Schillo D, Bara R, Kaligis F, Wägele H, König GM, Schäberle TF. The Potential of Indonesian Heterobranchs Found around Bunaken Island for the Production of Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E384. [PMID: 29215579 PMCID: PMC5742844 DOI: 10.3390/md15120384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The species diversity of marine heterobranch sea slugs found on field trips around Bunaken Island (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) and adjacent islands of the Bunaken National Marine Park forms the basis of this review. In a survey performed in 2015, 80 species from 23 families were collected, including 17 new species. Only three of these have been investigated previously in studies from Indonesia. Combining species diversity with a former study from 2003 reveals in total 140 species from this locality. The diversity of bioactive compounds known and yet to be discovered from these organisms is summarized and related to the producer if known or suspected (might it be down the food chain, de novo synthesised from the slug or an associated bacterium). Additionally, the collection of microorganisms for the discovery of natural products of pharmacological interest from this hotspot of biodiversity that is presented here contains more than 50 species that have never been investigated before in regard to bioactive secondary metabolites. This highlights the great potential of the sea slugs and the associated microorganisms for the discovery of natural products of pharmacological interest from this hotspot of biodiversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Fisch
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Cora Hertzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Nils Böhringer
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Zerlina G Wuisan
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dorothee Schillo
- Centre of Molecular Biodiversity, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Robert Bara
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia.
| | - Fontje Kaligis
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia.
| | - Heike Wägele
- Centre of Molecular Biodiversity, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Till F Schäberle
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ciavatta ML, Lefranc F, Carbone M, Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Betancourt T, Dasari R, Kornienko A, Kiss R. Marine Mollusk-Derived Agents with Antiproliferative Activity as Promising Anticancer Agents to Overcome Chemotherapy Resistance. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:702-801. [PMID: 27925266 PMCID: PMC5484305 DOI: 10.1002/med.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical investigation of marine mollusks has led to the isolation of a wide variety of bioactive metabolites, which evolved in marine organisms as favorable adaptations to survive in different environments. Most of them are derived from food sources, but they can be also biosynthesized de novo by the mollusks themselves, or produced by symbionts. Consequently, the isolated compounds cannot be strictly considered as "chemotaxonomic markers" for the different molluscan species. However, the chemical investigation of this phylum has provided many compounds of interest as potential anticancer drugs that assume particular importance in the light of the growing literature on cancer biology and chemotherapy. The current review highlights the diversity of chemical structures, mechanisms of action, and, most importantly, the potential of mollusk-derived metabolites as anticancer agents, including those biosynthesized by mollusks and those of dietary origin. After the discussion of dolastatins and kahalalides, compounds previously studied in clinical trials, the review covers potentially promising anticancer agents, which are grouped based on their structural type and include terpenes, steroids, peptides, polyketides and nitrogen-containing compounds. The "promise" of a mollusk-derived natural product as an anticancer agent is evaluated on the basis of its ability to target biological characteristics of cancer cells responsible for poor treatment outcomes. These characteristics include high antiproliferative potency against cancer cells in vitro, preferential inhibition of the proliferation of cancer cells over normal ones, mechanism of action via nonapoptotic signaling pathways, circumvention of multidrug resistance phenotype, and high activity in vivo, among others. The review also includes sections on the targeted delivery of mollusk-derived anticancer agents and solutions to their procurement in quantity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital ErasmeUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1070BrusselsBelgium
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Tania Betancourt
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie ExpérimentaleFaculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1050BrusselsBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Forster L, Pierens GK, White AM, Cheney KL, Dewapriya P, Capon RJ, Garson MJ. Cytotoxic Spiroepoxide Lactone and Its Putative Biosynthetic Precursor from Goniobranchus Splendidus. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2672-2677. [PMID: 30023672 PMCID: PMC6044697 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epoxygoniolide-1 (1), possessing spiroepoxide lactone, enal, and masked dialdehyde functionalities, has been characterized from the conspicuously patterned mollusc Goniobranchus splendidus. Its relative configuration was investigated by spectroscopic analyses, molecular modeling, and density functional theory calculations. The biosynthesis of 1 may involve rearrangement of a diterpene framework, providing a precursor to cometabolite gonioline (2), followed by C-C bond cleavage (via Grob or P450 mechanism). Moderate cytotoxicity to NCIH-460, SW60, or HepG2 cancer cells was observed for norditerpene 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise
C. Forster
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Advanced Imaging, School of Biological
Sciences, and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Gregory K. Pierens
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Advanced Imaging, School of Biological
Sciences, and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew M. White
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Advanced Imaging, School of Biological
Sciences, and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Karen L. Cheney
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Advanced Imaging, School of Biological
Sciences, and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Pradeep Dewapriya
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Advanced Imaging, School of Biological
Sciences, and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Robert J. Capon
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Advanced Imaging, School of Biological
Sciences, and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| | - Mary J. Garson
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Centre for Advanced Imaging, School of Biological
Sciences, and Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Giordano G, Carbone M, Ciavatta ML, Silvano E, Gavagnin M, Garson MJ, Cheney KL, Mudianta IW, Russo GF, Villani G, Magliozzi L, Polese G, Zidorn C, Cutignano A, Fontana A, Ghiselin MT, Mollo E. Volatile secondary metabolites as aposematic olfactory signals and defensive weapons in aquatic environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3451-3456. [PMID: 28289233 PMCID: PMC5380024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614655114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is considered a distance sense; hence, aquatic olfaction is thought to be mediated only by molecules dissolved in water. Here, we challenge this view by showing that shrimp and fish can recognize the presence of hydrophobic olfactory cues by a "tactile" form of chemoreception. We found that odiferous furanosesquiterpenes protect both the Mediterranean octocoral Maasella edwardsi and its specialist predator, the nudibranch gastropod Tritonia striata, from potential predators. Food treated with the terpenes elicited avoidance responses in the cooccurring shrimp Palaemon elegans Rejection was also induced in the shrimp by the memory recall of postingestive aversive effects (vomiting), evoked by repeatedly touching the food with chemosensory mouthparts. Consistent with their emetic properties once ingested, the compounds were highly toxic to brine shrimp. Further experiments on the zebrafish showed that this vertebrate aquatic model also avoids food treated with one of the terpenes, after having experienced gastrointestinal malaise. The fish refused the food after repeatedly touching it with their mouths. The compounds studied thus act simultaneously as (i) toxins, (ii) avoidance-learning inducers, and (iii) aposematic odorant cues. Although they produce a characteristic smell when exposed to air, the compounds are detected by direct contact with the emitter in aquatic environments and are perceived at high doses that are not compatible with their transport in water. The mouthparts of both the shrimp and the fish have thus been shown to act as "aquatic noses," supporting a substantial revision of the current definition of the chemical senses based upon spatial criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giordano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples 80143, Italy
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Eleonora Silvano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - I Wayan Mudianta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 81116 Bali, Indonesia
| | - Giovanni Fulvio Russo
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples 80143, Italy
| | - Guido Villani
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Laura Magliozzi
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Michael T Ghiselin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Forster LC, Winters AE, Cheney KL, Dewapriya P, Capon RJ, Garson MJ. Spongian-16-one Diterpenes and Their Anatomical Distribution in the Australian Nudibranch Goniobranchus collingwoodi. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:670-675. [PMID: 28032760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Six new (1-6) spongian-16-one analogues have been characterized from the Australian nudibranch species Goniobranchus collingwoodi, along with four known spongian-16-one derivatives. The structures and relative configuration were suggested by spectroscopic analyses informed by molecular modeling. Dissection of animal tissue revealed that the mantle and viscera differ in their terpene composition. Whole body extracts were not toxic to brine shrimp (Artemia sp.), but were unpalatable to palaemon shrimp (Palaemon serenus) at a concentration found within the nudibranch. Individual terpenes were not cytotoxic to human lung (NCIH-460), colorectal (SW620), and liver (HepG2) cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Forster
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, ‡School of Biological Sciences, and §Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anne E Winters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, ‡School of Biological Sciences, and §Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L Cheney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, ‡School of Biological Sciences, and §Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pradeep Dewapriya
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, ‡School of Biological Sciences, and §Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, ‡School of Biological Sciences, and §Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, ‡School of Biological Sciences, and §Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bornancin L, Bonnard I, Mills SC, Banaigs B. Chemical mediation as a structuring element in marine gastropod predator-prey interactions. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:644-676. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00097e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Some diterpenoid compounds protect the sacoglossansElysiasp. andCyerce nigricansfrom their carnivorous predator the dorid nudibranch,Gymnodorissp., unlike chemically unprotected gastropods that are consumed by this voracious nudibranch (photo Philippe Bourseiller).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Bornancin
- CRIOBE
- USR CNRS-EPHE-UPVD 3278
- Université de Perpignan
- 66860 Perpignan
- France
| | - I. Bonnard
- CRIOBE
- USR CNRS-EPHE-UPVD 3278
- Université de Perpignan
- 66860 Perpignan
- France
| | - S. C. Mills
- PSL Research University
- CRIOBE
- USR EPHE-UPVD-CNRS 3278
- 98729 Moorea
- French Polynesia
| | - B. Banaigs
- CRIOBE
- USR CNRS-EPHE-UPVD 3278
- Université de Perpignan
- 66860 Perpignan
- France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cheney KL, White A, Mudianta IW, Winters AE, Quezada M, Capon RJ, Mollo E, Garson MJ. Choose Your Weaponry: Selective Storage of a Single Toxic Compound, Latrunculin A, by Closely Related Nudibranch Molluscs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145134. [PMID: 26788920 PMCID: PMC4720420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products play an invaluable role as a starting point in the drug discovery process, and plants and animals use many interesting biologically active natural products as a chemical defense mechanism against predators. Among marine organisms, many nudibranch gastropods are known to derive defensive metabolites from the sponges they eat. Here we investigated the putative sequestration of the toxic compound latrunculin A--a 16-membered macrolide that prevents actin polymerization within cellular processes--which has been identified from sponge sources, by five closely related nudibranch molluscs of the genus Chromodoris. Only latrunculin A was present in the rim of the mantle of these species, where storage reservoirs containing secondary metabolites are located, whilst a variety of secondary metabolites were found in their viscera. The species studied thus selectively accumulate latrunculin A in the part of the mantle that is more exposed to potential predators. This study also demonstrates that latrunculin-containing sponges are not their sole food source. Latrunculin A was found to be several times more potent than other compounds present in these species of nudibranchs when tested by in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays. Anti-feedant assays also indicated that latrunculin A was unpalatable to rock pool shrimps, in a dose-dependent manner. These findings led us to propose that this group of nudibranchs has evolved means both to protect themselves from the toxicity of latrunculin A, and to accumulate this compound in the mantle rim for defensive purposes. The precise mechanism by which the nudibranchs sequester such a potent compound from sponges without disrupting their own key physiological processes is unclear, but this work paves the way for future studies in this direction. Finally, the possible occurrence of both visual and chemosensory Müllerian mimicry in the studied species is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew White
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - I. Wayan Mudianta
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anne E. Winters
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michelle Quezada
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mary J. Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Polese G, Bertapelle C, Di Cosmo A. Role of olfaction in Octopus vulgaris reproduction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 210:55-62. [PMID: 25449183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory system in any animal is the primary sensory system that responds to chemical stimuli emanating from a distant source. In aquatic animals "Odours" are molecules in solution that guide them to locate food, partners, nesting sites, and dangers to avoid. Fish, crustaceans and aquatic molluscs possess sensory systems that have anatomical similarities to the olfactory systems of land-based animals. Molluscs are a large group of aquatic and terrestrial animals that rely heavily on chemical communication with a generally dispersed sense of touch and chemical sensitivity. Cephalopods, the smallest class among extant marine molluscs, are predators with high visual capability and well developed vestibular, auditory, and tactile systems. Nevertheless they possess a well developed olfactory organ, but to date almost nothing is known about the mechanisms, functions and modulation of this chemosensory structure in octopods. Cephalopod brains are the largest of all invertebrate brains and across molluscs show the highest degree of centralization. The reproductive behaviour of Octopus vulgaris is under the control of a complex set of signal molecules such as neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and sex steroids that guide the behaviour from the level of individuals in evaluating mates, to stimulating or deterring copulation, to sperm-egg chemical signalling that promotes fertilization. These signals are intercepted by the olfactory organs and integrated in the olfactory lobes in the central nervous system. In this context we propose a model in which the olfactory organ and the olfactory lobe of O. vulgaris could represent the on-off switch between food intake and reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Polese
- University of Napoli "Federico II", Department of Biology, via Cinthia, Campus MSA, ed. 7, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Carla Bertapelle
- University of Napoli "Federico II", Department of Biology, via Cinthia, Campus MSA, ed. 7, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Anna Di Cosmo
- University of Napoli "Federico II", Department of Biology, via Cinthia, Campus MSA, ed. 7, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mollo E, Fontana A, Roussis V, Polese G, Amodeo P, Ghiselin MT. Sensing marine biomolecules: smell, taste, and the evolutionary transition from aquatic to terrestrial life. Front Chem 2014; 2:92. [PMID: 25360437 PMCID: PMC4199317 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The usual definition of smell and taste as distance and contact forms of chemoreception, respectively, has resulted in the belief that, during the shift from aquatic to terrestrial life, odorant receptors (ORs) were selected mainly to recognize airborne hydrophobic ligands, instead of the hydrophilic molecules involved in marine remote-sensing. This post-adaptive evolutionary scenario, however, neglects the fact that marine organisms 1) produce and detect a wide range of small hydrophobic and volatile molecules, especially terpenoids, and 2) contain genes coding for ORs that are able to bind those compounds. These apparent anomalies can be resolved by adopting an alternative, pre-adaptive scenario. Before becoming airborne on land, small molecules, almost insoluble in water, already played a key role in aquatic communication, but acting in "contact" forms of olfaction that did not require major molecular innovations to become effective at a distance in air. Rather, when air was "invaded" by volatile marine terpenoids, an expansion of the spatial range of olfaction was an incidental consequence rather than an adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Mollo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy Pozzuoli, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Polese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Amodeo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Michael T Ghiselin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carbone M, Ciavatta ML, De Rinaldis G, Castelluccio F, Mollo E, Gavagnin M. Identification of thuridillin-related aldehydes from Mediterranean sacoglossan mollusk Thuridilla hopei. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Sun JZ, Jiang CS, Chen XQ, Chen KS, Zhen XC, van Soest RW, Guo YW. Topsendines A–F, new 3-alkylpyridine alkaloids from a Hainan sponge Topsentia sp. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|