1
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Kida M, Abe J, Hori H, Hirai Y. PRSS3/mesotrypsin as a putative regulator of the biophysical characteristics of epidermal keratinocytes in superficial layers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12383. [PMID: 38811772 PMCID: PMC11137022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesotrypsin, encoded by the PRSS3 gene, is a distinctive trypsin isoform renowned for its exceptional resistance to traditional trypsin inhibitors and unique substrate specificity. Within the skin epidermis, this protein primarily expresses in the upper layers of the stratified epidermis and plays a crucial role in processing pro-filaggrin (Pro-FLG). Although prior studies have partially elucidated its functions using primary cultured keratinocytes, challenges persist due to these cells' differentiation-activated cell death program. In the present study, HaCaT keratinocytes, characterized by minimal endogenous mesotrypsin expression and sustained proliferation in differentiated states, were utilized to further scrutinize the function of mesotrypsin. Despite the ready degradation of the intact form of active mesotrypsin in these cells, fusion with Venus, flanked by a peptide linker, enables evasion from the protein elimination machinery, thus facilitating activation of the Pro-FLG processing system. Inducing Venus-mesotrypsin expression in the cells resulted in a flattened phenotype and reduced proliferative capacity. Moreover, these cells displayed altered F-actin assembly, enhanced E-cadherin adhesive activity, and facilitated tight junction formation without overtly influencing epidermal differentiation. These findings underscore mesotrypsin's potentially pivotal role in shaping the characteristic cellular morphology of upper epidermal layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Kida
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Junya Abe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Haruna Hori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Yohei Hirai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.
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2
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Nan Y, Wu X, Luo Q, Chang W, Zhao P, Zhang L, Liu Z. OTUB2 silencing promotes ovarian cancer via mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming and can be synthetically targeted by CA9 inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315348121. [PMID: 38701117 PMCID: PMC11087800 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315348121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is an aggressive gynecological tumor characterized by a high relapse rate and chemoresistance. Ovarian cancer exhibits the cancer hallmark of elevated glycolysis, yet effective strategies targeting cancer cell metabolic reprogramming to overcome therapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer remain elusive. Here, we revealed that epigenetic silencing of Otubain 2 (OTUB2) is a driving force for mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in ovarian cancer, which promotes tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, OTUB2 silencing destabilizes sorting nexin 29 pseudogene 2 (SNX29P2), which subsequently prevents hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) from von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-mediated degradation. Elevated HIF-1α activates the transcription of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and drives ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance by promoting glycolysis. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of CA9 substantially suppressed tumor growth and synergized with carboplatin in the treatment of OTUB2-silenced ovarian cancer. Thus, our study highlights the pivotal role of OTUB2/SNX29P2 in suppressing ovarian cancer development and proposes that targeting CA9-mediated glycolysis is an encouraging strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Qingyu Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Wan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing100850, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, China
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3
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Bangert C, Alkon N, Chennareddy S, Arnoldner T, Levine JP, Pilz M, Medjimorec MA, Ruggiero J, Cohenour ER, Jonak C, Damsky W, Griss J, Brunner PM. Dupilumab-associated head and neck dermatitis shows a pronounced type 22 immune signature mediated by oligoclonally expanded T cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2839. [PMID: 38565563 PMCID: PMC10987549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Dupilumab, an IL4R-blocking antibody, has shown clinical efficacy for atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment. In addition to conjunctivitis/blepharitis, the de novo appearance of head/neck dermatitis is now recognized as a distinct side effect, occurring in up to 10% of patients. Histopathological features distinct from AD suggest a drug effect, but exact underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We profiled punch biopsies from dupilumab-associated head and neck dermatitis (DAHND) by using single-cell RNA sequencing and compared data with untreated AD and healthy control skin. We show that dupilumab treatment was accompanied by normalization of IL-4/IL-13 downstream activity markers such as CCL13, CCL17, CCL18 and CCL26. By contrast, we found strong increases in type 22-associated markers (IL22, AHR) especially in oligoclonally expanded T cells, accompanied by enhanced keratinocyte activation and IL-22 receptor upregulation. Taken together, we demonstrate that dupilumab effectively dampens conventional type 2 inflammation in DAHND lesions, with concomitant hyperactivation of IL22-associated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Alkon
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Tamara Arnoldner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmine P Levine
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Magdalena Pilz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco A Medjimorec
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John Ruggiero
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Emry R Cohenour
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Constanze Jonak
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Johannes Griss
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Chang W, Luo Q, Wu X, Nan Y, Zhao P, Zhang L, Luo A, Jiao W, Zhu Q, Fu Y, Liu Z. OTUB2 exerts tumor-suppressive roles via STAT1-mediated CALML3 activation and increased phosphatidylserine synthesis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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5
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Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. Determination of WWOX Function in Modulating Cellular Pathways Activated by AP-2α and AP-2γ Transcription Factors in Bladder Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091382. [PMID: 35563688 PMCID: PMC9106060 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the invention of high-throughput sequencing, cancer research focused on investigating disease-related alterations, often inadvertently omitting tumor heterogeneity. This research was intended to limit the impact of heterogeneity on conclusions related to WWOX/AP-2α/AP-2γ in bladder cancer which differently influenced carcinogenesis. The study examined the signaling pathways regulated by WWOX-dependent AP-2 targets in cell lines as biological replicates using high-throughput sequencing. RT-112, HT-1376 and CAL-29 cell lines were subjected to two stable lentiviral transductions. Following CAGE-seq and differential expression analysis, the most important genes were identified and functionally annotated. Western blot was performed to validate the selected observations. The role of genes in biological processes was assessed and networks were visualized. Ultimately, principal component analysis was performed. The studied genes were found to be implicated in MAPK, Wnt, Ras, PI3K-Akt or Rap1 signaling. Data from pathways were collected, explaining the differences/similarities between phenotypes. FGFR3, STAT6, EFNA1, GSK3B, PIK3CB and SOS1 were successfully validated at the protein level. Afterwards, a definitive network was built using 173 genes. Principal component analysis revealed that the various expression of these genes explains the phenotypes. In conclusion, the current study certified that the signaling pathways regulated by WWOX and AP-2α have more in common than that regulated by AP-2γ. This is because WWOX acts as an EMT inhibitor, AP-2γ as an EMT enhancer while AP-2α as a MET inducer. Therefore, the relevance of AP-2γ in targeted therapy is now more evident. Some of the differently regulated genes can find application in bladder cancer treatment.
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Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR. Novel archetype in psoriasis management bridging molecular dynamics in exploring novel therapies. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 907:174254. [PMID: 34118225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory condition of skin affecting 125 million populaces around the globe. It is implicated as a result of multifaceted phenomena involving various cell and subcell activities with the aid of numerous cellular and molecular components including signaling aisle and regulatory proteins owing to the development of such hyperproliferative dermatological conditions. This involves a deeply complex and conflicting pathology owing to genetic and immunological deviations resulting from the unusual presentation of different signaling pathways and regulatory proteins. Explorations of these biomarkers and intervention of molecular and cellular processes in psoriasis are yet to be investigated and could be an exceptional aspect for understanding pathology with successful targeting of disease. In the presented study, we have integrated molecular insights, including signaling molecules, pathways, and proteins implicated in pathogenesis, and we have attempted to link this knowledge to the targeting of these phenomena in order to manage the conditions precisely. Further, therapeutic delivery approaches for targeting distinct layers of skin have also been investigated based on the application of different nanocarriers for successful psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010, India.
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7
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Wang W, Wu J, Liu P, Tang X, Pang H, Xie T, Xu F, Shao J, Chen Y, Liu B, Zheng Y. Urinary Proteomics Identifying Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Phenotyping of Carotid Artery Stenosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:714706. [PMID: 34447787 PMCID: PMC8383446 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.714706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is caused by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques inside the arterial wall and accounts for 20–30% of all strokes. The development of an early, noninvasive diagnostic method and the identification of high-risk patients for ischemic stroke is essential to the management of CAS in clinical practice. Methods: We used the data-independent acquisition (DIA) technique to conduct a urinary proteomic study in patients with CAS and healthy controls. We identified the potential diagnosis and risk stratification biomarkers of CAS. And Ingenuity pathway analysis was used for functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic values of DEPs. Results: A total of 194 DEPs were identified between CAS patients and healthy controls by DIA quantification. The bioinformatics analysis showed that these DEPs were correlated with the pathogenesis of CAS. We further identified 32 DEPs in symptomatic CAS compared to asymptomatic CAS, and biological function analysis revealed that these proteins are mainly related to immune/inflammatory pathways. Finally, a biomarker panel of six proteins (ACP2, PLD3, HLA-C, GGH, CALML3, and IL2RB) exhibited potential diagnostic value in CAS and good discriminative power for differentiating symptomatic and asymptomatic CAS with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Our study identified novel potential urinary biomarkers for noninvasive early screening and risk stratification of CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Disease, Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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BET bromodomain inhibitors regulate keratinocyte plasticity. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:280-290. [PMID: 33462494 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-00716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although most acute skin wounds heal rapidly, non-healing skin ulcers represent an increasing and substantial unmet medical need that urgently requires effective therapeutics. Keratinocytes resurface wounds to re-establish the epidermal barrier by transitioning to an activated, migratory state, but this ability is lost in dysfunctional chronic wounds. Small-molecule regulators of keratinocyte plasticity with the potential to reverse keratinocyte malfunction in situ could offer a novel therapeutic approach in skin wound healing. Utilizing high-throughput phenotypic screening of primary keratinocytes, we identify such small molecules, including bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein family inhibitors (BETi). BETi induce a sustained activated, migratory state in keratinocytes in vitro, increase activation markers in human epidermis ex vivo and enhance skin wound healing in vivo. Our findings suggest potential clinical utility of BETi in promoting keratinocyte re-epithelialization of skin wounds. Importantly, this novel property of BETi is exclusively observed after transient low-dose exposure, revealing new potential for this compound class.
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9
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Yegorova S, Yegorov O, Ferreira LF. RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional signature of pathological remodeling in the diaphragm of rats after myocardial infarction. Gene 2020; 770:145356. [PMID: 33333219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle, and the chronic phase post-myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by diaphragm morphological, contractile, and metabolic abnormalities. However, the mechanisms of diaphragm weakness are not fully understood. In the current study, we aimed to identify the transcriptome changes associated with diaphragm abnormalities in the chronic stage MI. We ligated the left coronary artery to cause MI in rats and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) in diaphragm samples 16 weeks post-surgery. The sham group underwent thoracotomy and pericardiotomy but no artery ligation. We identified 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) out of a total of 9664 genes. Myocardial infarction upregulated and downregulated 42 and 70 genes, respectively. Analysis of DEGs in the framework of skeletal muscle-specific biological networks suggest remodeling in the neuromuscular junction, extracellular matrix, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, and changes in metabolism and iron homeostasis. Overall, the data are consistent with pathological remodeling of the diaphragm and reveal potential biological targets to prevent diaphragm weakness in the chronic stage MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Yegorova
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Oleg Yegorov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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10
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Chandrashekar DS, Chakravarthi BVSK, Robinson AD, Anderson JC, Agarwal S, Balasubramanya SAH, Eich ML, Bajpai AK, Davuluri S, Guru MS, Guru AS, Naik G, Della Manna DL, Acharya KK, Carskadon S, Manne U, Crossman DK, Ferguson JE, Grizzle WE, Palanisamy N, Willey CD, Crowley MR, Netto GJ, Yang ES, Varambally S, Sonpavde G. Therapeutically actionable PAK4 is amplified, overexpressed, and involved in bladder cancer progression. Oncogene 2020; 39:4077-4091. [PMID: 32231273 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas (MIBCs) are aggressive genitourinary malignancies. Metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is generally incurable by current chemotherapy and leads to early mortality. Recent studies have identified molecular subtypes of MIBCs with different sensitivities to frontline therapy, suggesting tumor heterogeneity. We have performed multi-omic profiling of the kinome in bladder cancer patients with the goal of identify therapeutic targets. Our analyses revealed amplification, overexpression, and elevated kinase activity of P21 (RAC1) activated kinase 4 (PAK4) in a subset of Bladder cancer (BLCA). Using bladder cancer cells, we confirmed the role of PAK4 in BLCA cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, we observed that a PAK4 inhibitor was effective in curtailing growth of BLCA cells. Transcriptomic analyses identified elevated expression of another kinase, protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6), upon treatment with a PAK4 inhibitor and RNA interference of PAK4. Treatment with a combination of kinase inhibitors (vandetanib and dasatinib) showed enhanced sensitivity compared with either drug alone. Thus, PAK4 may be therapeutically actionable for a subset of MIBC patients with amplified and/or overexpressed PAK4 in their tumors. Our results also indicate that combined inhibition of PAK4 and PTK6 may overcome resistance to PAK4. These observations warrant clinical investigations with selected BLCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alyncia D Robinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sumit Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Marie-Lisa Eich
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Maya S Guru
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arjun S Guru
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gurudatta Naik
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Deborah L Della Manna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kshitish K Acharya
- Shodhaka Life Sciences Private Limited, Bengaluru, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Biotech Park, Electronic City, Bengaluru, 560100, Karnataka, India
| | - Shannon Carskadon
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James E Ferguson
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William E Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael R Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Effects of icariin on long noncoding RNA and mRNA expression profile in the aortas of apoE-deficient mice. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190855. [PMID: 31296789 PMCID: PMC6658818 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The beneficial effects of icariin (ICA) in ameliorating atherosclerosis (AS) are well known, but the underlying protective mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate altered long noncosing RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA expression profiles in ApoE−/− mice after ICA treatment. Method: The atherosclerotic plaque area was evaluated on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE−/− mice treated with either ICA or vehicle. LncRNA and mRNA integrated microarrays was performed on aortic tissues. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were utilized to explore the significant function and pathway of the differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, global signal transduction network were constructed to select key mRNAs, and lncRNA–mRNA co-expression network was built to find out the interactions between lncRNA and mRNA. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to further validate the expressions of selected lncRNAs and mRNAs. Results: Administration of ICA significantly reduced plaque size after 12 weeks (P<0.05). A total of 1512 DE lncRNAs and 2059 DE mRNAs were identified. The mRNAs: protein kinase C, β (Prkcb), Cyp2c65, Mapk10, Calmodulin 5 (Calm5), Calmodulin-like 3 (Calml3) and Camk4 were selected as hub mRNAs, the correlated lncRNAs in co-expression network were identified as important regulatory lncRNAs. The identified target pairs such as lncRNA-NONMMUT000659/Prkcb may play critical roles in AS development mediated by ICA. Conclusion: Taken together, our study highlights a panel of DE lncRNAs and mRNAs that could explain the molecular mechanism of ICA’s anti-atherosclerotic effects. The work lays a foundation for subsequent genes functional researches, which could contribute to provide new therapeutic targets for AS.
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12
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Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR. Protein biomarker for psoriasis: A systematic review on their role in the pathomechanism, diagnosis, potential targets and treatment of psoriasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1796-1810. [PMID: 30017989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is defined as a long-lasting multifactorial inflammatory autoimmune skin condition precisely characterized by delimited, erythematic papules with adherent shiny scales. The conditions are led by hyperproliferative responses of epidermis due to hyperactivation and immature keratinocytes production. The psoriatic skin consists of the thickened epidermal layer, in concurrence with inflammatory exudates in the dermis mainly of dendritic cells, neutrophils, T cells, and macrophages, contributing to the distinct manifestation of psoriatic lesions. It consents to multifaceted and discrete pathology due to the genetic and immunological alteration resulting from abnormal expression of various regulatory and structural proteins. These proteins are associated with various cellular and sub-cellular activities. Therefore, the presence of protein in a pathological cellular environment in the psoriatic lesions as well as in serum could be a great avenue for the insight of pathomechanism, anticipation and diagnosis of psoriasis. Research of protein biomarker in psoriasis is yet a developing realm to be explored by both fundamental and clinical researchers. This review is an attempt to assimilate the current discoveries and revelations of different proteins as a biomarker and their importance in pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and anticipation of both the inflammatory and other dermatological aspects of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India.
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Yang B, Li M, Tang W, Liu W, Zhang S, Chen L, Xia J. Dynamic network biomarker indicates pulmonary metastasis at the tipping point of hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:678. [PMID: 29445139 PMCID: PMC5813207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing predictive biomarkers that can detect the tipping point before metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is critical to prevent further irreversible deterioration. To discover such early-warning signals or biomarkers of pulmonary metastasis in HCC, we analyse time-series gene expression data in spontaneous pulmonary metastasis mice HCCLM3-RFP model with our dynamic network biomarker (DNB) method, and identify CALML3 as a core DNB member. All experimental results of gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies show that CALML3 could indicate metastasis initiation and act as a suppressor of metastasis. We also reveal the biological role of CALML3 in metastasis initiation at a network level, including proximal regulation and cascading influences in dysfunctional pathways. Our further experiments and clinical samples show that DNB with CALML3 reduced pulmonary metastasis in liver cancer. Actually, loss of CALML3 predicts shorter overall and relapse-free survival in postoperative HCC patients, thus providing a prognostic biomarker and therapy target in HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Calmodulin/genetics
- Calmodulin/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease-Free Survival
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/surgery
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Prognosis
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Biwei Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meiyi Li
- Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University/Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenqing Tang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jinglin Xia
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University/Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.
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14
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Jia Y, Qin Q, Fang CP, Shen W, Sun TT, Huang YL, Li WJ, Deng AM. UVB induces apoptosis via downregulation of CALML3-dependent JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 pathways in cataract. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:3041-3050. [PMID: 29436594 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to understand the mechanisms of apoptosis occurring in cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) following ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. The investigations intended to confirm the presence of apoptosis and to reveal the roles of oxidative stress, calcium (Ca2+), c‑Jun NH2‑terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway in these progresses. Cell apoptosis, ROS generation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured by flow cytometry. The expression of CALML3, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, p-JNK1/2, JNK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 was measured by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining demonstrated that UVB irradiation increased the apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and intracellular Ca2+ concentration of HLECs in dose‑ and time‑dependent manners. Overexpression of calmodulin like 3 (CALML3) reversed the effects of UVB irradiation on apoptosis, ROS production and Ca2+ concentration of HLECs, and decreased expressions of caspase‑3 and Bax, with increased expressions of Bcl‑2. Notably, silencing of CALML3 had similar effects to UVB irradiation and inhibited the activation JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 pathways. Nimodipine, a Ca2+‑channel antagonist, significantly attenuated the damages induced by CALML3 downregulation. In conclusion, UVB irradiation induced increase in apoptosis, ROS production and Ca2+ concentration of HLECs, in part, by downregulating the expression of CALML3 and involved oxidative stress, Ca2+, JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways, suggesting that investigating CALML3 may useful for developing cataract treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Jia
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Ping Fang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Sun
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Lan Huang
- Medical Department, The 455th Hospital of PLA, Shanghai 200052, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - An-Mei Deng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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15
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Figueras Nart I, Cerio R, Dirschka T, Dréno B, Lear JT, Pellacani G, Peris K, Ruiz de Casas A. Defining the actinic keratosis field: a literature review and discussion. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:544-563. [PMID: 29055153 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the chronic and increasingly prevalent nature of actinic keratosis (AK) and existing evidence supporting assessment of the entire cancerization field during clinical management, a standardized definition of the AK field to aid in the understanding and characterization of the disease is lacking. The objective of this review was to present and appraise the available evidence describing the AK cancerization field, with the aim of determining a precise definition of the AK field in terms of its molecular (including genetic and immunological), histological and clinical characteristics. Eight European dermatologists collaborated to conduct a review and expert appraisal of articles detailing the characteristics of the AK field. Articles published in English before August 2016 were identified using PubMed and independently selected for further assessment according to predefined preliminary inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, a retrospective audit of patients with AK was performed to define the AK field in clinical terms. A total of 32 review articles and 47 original research articles provided evidence of sun-induced molecular (including genetic and immunological) and histological skin changes in the sun-exposed area affected by AK. However, the available literature was deemed insufficient to inform a clinical definition of the AK field. During the retrospective audit, visible signs of sun damage in 40 patients with AK were assessed. Telangiectasia, atrophy and pigmentation disorders emerged as 'reliable or very reliable' indicators of AK field based on expert opinion, whereas 'sand paper' was deemed a 'moderately reliable' indicator. This literature review has revealed a significant gap of evidence to inform a clinical definition of the AK field. Therefore, the authors instead propose a clinical definition of field cancerization based on the identification of visible signs of sun damage that are reliable indicators of field cancerization based on expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Figueras Nart
- Department of Dermatology, Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Cerio
- Department of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, The Royal London Hospital and QMUL, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - T Dirschka
- CentroDerm® Clinic, Wuppertal, Germany.,Faculty of Health, University Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - B Dréno
- Department of Dermato-Cancerology, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J T Lear
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, MAHSC, Manchester University and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Infirmary, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - G Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - K Peris
- Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ruiz de Casas
- Dermatology Unit, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
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16
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Murakami M, Yoshimoto T, Nakabayashi K, Tsuchiya K, Minami I, Bouchi R, Izumiyama H, Fujii Y, Abe K, Tayama C, Hashimoto K, Suganami T, Hata KI, Kihara K, Ogawa Y. Integration of transcriptome and methylome analysis of aldosterone-producing adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:185-95. [PMID: 25953827 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) has been investigated intensively through genetic and genomic approaches. However, the role of epigenetics in APA is not fully understood. In the present study, we explored the relationship between gene expression and DNA methylation status in APA. METHODS We conducted an integrated analysis of transcriptome and methylome data of paired APA-adjacent adrenal gland (AAG) samples from the same patient. The adrenal specimens were obtained from seven Japanese patients with APA who underwent adrenalectomy. Gene expression and genome-wide CpG methylation profiles were obtained from RNA and DNA samples that were extracted from those seven paired tissues. RESULTS Methylome analysis showed global CpG hypomethylation in APA relative to AAG. The integration of gene expression and methylation status showed that 34 genes were up-regulated with CpG hypomethylation in APA. Of these, three genes (CYP11B2, MC2R, and HPX) may be related to aldosterone production, and five genes (PRRX1, RAB38, FAP, GCNT2, and ASB4) are potentially involved in tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION The present study is the first methylome analysis to compare APA with AAG in the same patients. Our integrated analysis of transcriptome and methylome revealed DNA hypomethylation in APA and identified several up-regulated genes with DNA hypomethylation that may be involved in aldosterone production and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Murakami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yoshimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kyoichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Isao Minami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Bouchi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Hajime Izumiyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fujii
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kosei Abe
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tayama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Koshi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Hata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kihara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan Department of Molecular Endocrinology and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Maternal-Fetal BiologyNational Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, JapanCenter for Medical Welfare and Liaison ServicesDepartments of UrologyPreemptive Medicine and MetabolismOrgan Network and MetabolismGraduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyPRESTO, Tokyo 102-0076, JapanJapan Science and Technology AgencyCREST, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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