1
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Sanetra AM, Jeczmien-Lazur JS, Pradel K, Klich JD, Palus-Chramiec K, Janik ME, Bajkacz S, Izowit G, Nathan C, Piggins HD, Delogu A, Belle MD, Lewandowski MH, Chrobok L. A novel developmental critical period of orexinergic signaling in the primary visual thalamus. iScience 2024; 27:110352. [PMID: 39055917 PMCID: PMC11269934 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The orexinergic system of the lateral hypothalamus plays crucial roles in arousal, feeding behavior, and reward modulation. Most research has focused on adult rodents, overlooking orexins' potential role in the nervous system development. This study, using electrophysiological and molecular tools, highlights importance of orexinergic signaling in the postnatal development of the rodent dorsolateral geniculate nucleus (DLG), a primary visual thalamic center. Orexin activation of DLG thalamocortical neurons occurs in a brief seven-day window around eye-opening, concurrent to transient OX2 receptor expression. Blocking OX2 receptors during this period reduces sensitivity of DLG neurons to green and blue light and lowers spontaneous firing rates in adulthood. This research reveals critical and temporally confined role of orexin signaling in postnatal brain development, emphasizing its contribution to experience-dependent refinement in the DLG and its long-term impact on visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Sanetra
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jagoda S. Jeczmien-Lazur
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Pradel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Institute for Systems Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jasmin D. Klich
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcelina E. Janik
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- The Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Gabriela Izowit
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Christian Nathan
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Labs, Streatham Campus, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Hugh D. Piggins
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mino D.C. Belle
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Labs, Streatham Campus, Prince of Wales Road, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Marian H. Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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2
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Ward-Flanagan R, Pagliardini S, Dickson CT. Urethane provides an unparalleled anaesthetic model for natural sleep: Commentary on Mondino et al., 2022. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:478-480. [PMID: 37041120 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ward-Flanagan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Silvia Pagliardini
- Departments of Physiology, & Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Clayton T Dickson
- Departments of Psychology, Physiology, & Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Gonzalo Cogno S, Obenhaus HA, Lautrup A, Jacobsen RI, Clopath C, Andersson SO, Donato F, Moser MB, Moser EI. Minute-scale oscillatory sequences in medial entorhinal cortex. Nature 2024; 625:338-344. [PMID: 38123682 PMCID: PMC10781645 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) hosts many of the brain's circuit elements for spatial navigation and episodic memory, operations that require neural activity to be organized across long durations of experience1. Whereas location is known to be encoded by spatially tuned cell types in this brain region2,3, little is known about how the activity of entorhinal cells is tied together over time at behaviourally relevant time scales, in the second-to-minute regime. Here we show that MEC neuronal activity has the capacity to be organized into ultraslow oscillations, with periods ranging from tens of seconds to minutes. During these oscillations, the activity is further organized into periodic sequences. Oscillatory sequences manifested while mice ran at free pace on a rotating wheel in darkness, with no change in location or running direction and no scheduled rewards. The sequences involved nearly the entire cell population, and transcended epochs of immobility. Similar sequences were not observed in neighbouring parasubiculum or in visual cortex. Ultraslow oscillatory sequences in MEC may have the potential to couple neurons and circuits across extended time scales and serve as a template for new sequence formation during navigation and episodic memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Gonzalo Cogno
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Fred Kavli Building, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Horst A Obenhaus
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Fred Kavli Building, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ane Lautrup
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Fred Kavli Building, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - R Irene Jacobsen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Fred Kavli Building, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Clopath
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian O Andersson
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Fred Kavli Building, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Flavio Donato
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Fred Kavli Building, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Biozentrum Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - May-Britt Moser
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Fred Kavli Building, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Edvard I Moser
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Fred Kavli Building, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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4
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Takahashi K, Sobczak F, Pais-Roldán P, Yu X. Characterizing brain stage-dependent pupil dynamics based on lateral hypothalamic activity. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:10736-10749. [PMID: 37709360 PMCID: PMC10629899 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pupil dynamics presents varied correlation features with brain activity under different vigilant levels. The modulation of brain dynamic stages can arise from the lateral hypothalamus (LH), where diverse neuronal cell types contribute to arousal regulation in opposite directions via the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, the relationship of the LH and pupil dynamics has seldom been investigated. Here, we performed local field potential (LFP) recordings at the LH and ACC, and whole-brain fMRI with simultaneous fiber photometry Ca2+ recording in the ACC, to evaluate their correlation with brain state-dependent pupil dynamics. Both LFP and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data showed various correlations to pupil dynamics across trials that span negative, null, and positive correlation values, demonstrating brain state-dependent coupling features. Our results indicate that the correlation of pupil dynamics with ACC LFP and whole-brain fMRI signals depends on LH activity, suggesting a role of the latter in brain dynamic stage regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Takahashi
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS), University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Sobczak
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Pais-Roldán
- Medical Imaging Physics, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Xin Yu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States
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Jeczmien-Lazur JS, Sanetra AM, Pradel K, Izowit G, Chrobok L, Palus-Chramiec K, Piggins HD, Lewandowski MH. Metabolic cues impact non-oscillatory intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus: standard versus high-fat diet comparative study. J Physiol 2023; 601:979-1016. [PMID: 36661095 DOI: 10.1113/jp283757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (IGL/VLG) are subcortical structures involved in entrainment of the brain's circadian system to photic and non-photic (e.g. metabolic and arousal) cues. Both receive information about environmental light from photoreceptors, exhibit infra-slow oscillations (ISO) in vivo, and connect to the master circadian clock. Although current evidence demonstrates that the IGL/VLG communicate metabolic information and are crucial for entrainment of circadian rhythms to time-restricted feeding, their sensitivity to food intake-related peptides has not been investigated yet. We examined the effect of metabolically relevant peptides on the spontaneous activity of IGL/VLG neurons. Using ex vivo and in vivo electrophysiological recordings as well as in situ hybridisation, we tested potential sensitivity of the IGL/VLG to anorexigenic and orexigenic peptides, such as cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, oxyntomodulin, peptide YY, orexin A and ghrelin. We explored neuronal responses to these drugs during day and night, and in standard vs. high-fat diet conditions. We found that IGL/VLG neurons responded to all the substances tested, except peptide YY. Moreover, more neurons responded to anorexigenic drugs at night, while a high-fat diet affected the IGL/VLG sensitivity to orexigenic peptides. Interestingly, ISO neurons responded to light and orexin A, but did not respond to the other food intake-related peptides. In contrast, non-ISO cells were activated by metabolic peptides, with only some being responsive to light. Our results show for the first time that peptides involved in the body's energy homeostasis stimulate the thalamus and suggest functional separation of the IGL/VLG cells. KEY POINTS: The intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (IGL/VLG) of the rodent thalamus process various signals and participate in circadian entrainment. In both structures, cells exhibiting infra-slow oscillatory activity as well as non-rhythmically firing neurons being observed. Here, we reveal that only one of these two groups of cells responds to anorexigenic (cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1 and oxyntomodulin) and orexigenic (ghrelin and orexin A) peptides. Neuronal responses vary depending on the time of day (day vs. night) and on the diet (standard vs. high-fat diet). Additionally, we visualised receptors to the tested peptides in the IGL/VLG using in situ hybridisation. Our results suggest that two electrophysiologically different subpopulations of IGL/VLG neurons are involved in two separate functions: one related to the body's energy homeostasis and one associated with the subcortical visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda S Jeczmien-Lazur
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna M Sanetra
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Pradel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriela Izowit
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.,School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Katarzyna Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hugh D Piggins
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marian H Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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6
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Chrobok L, Belle MDC, Myung J. From Fast Oscillations to Circadian Rhythms: Coupling at Multiscale Frequency Bands in the Rodent Subcortical Visual System. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738229. [PMID: 34899375 PMCID: PMC8662821 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The subcortical visual system (SVS) is a unique collection of brain structures localised in the thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. The SVS receives ambient light inputs from retinal ganglion cells and integrates this signal with internal homeostatic demands to influence physiology. During this processing, a multitude of oscillatory frequency bands coalesces, with some originating from the retinas, while others are intrinsically generated in the SVS. Collectively, these rhythms are further modulated by the day and night cycle. The multiplexing of these diverse frequency bands (from circadian to infra-slow and gamma oscillations) makes the SVS an interesting system to study coupling at multiscale frequencies. We review the functional organisation of the SVS, and the various frequencies generated and processed by its neurons. We propose a perspective on how these different frequency bands couple with one another to synchronise the activity of the SVS to control physiology and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mino D C Belle
- Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jihwan Myung
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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7
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Silver NRG, Ward-Flanagan R, Dickson CT. Long-term stability of physiological signals within fluctuations of brain state under urethane anesthesia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258939. [PMID: 34695166 PMCID: PMC8544839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Urethane, an acute laboratory anesthetic, produces distinct neurophysiological and physiological effects creating an effective model of the dynamics of natural sleep. As a model of both sleep-like neurophysiological activity and the downstream peripheral function urethane is used to model a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. As urethane is typically administered as a single-bolus dose, it is unclear the stability of peripheral physiological functions both within and between brain-states under urethane anesthesia. In this present study, we recorded respiration rate and heart rate concurrently with local field potentials from the neocortex and hippocampus to determine the stability of peripheral physiological functions within and between brain-states under urethane anesthesia. Our data shows electroencephalographic characteristics and breathing rate are remarkable stable over long-term recordings within minor reductions in heart rate on the same time scale. Our findings indicate that the use of urethane to model peripheral physiological functions associated with changing brain states are stable during long duration experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Ward-Flanagan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Clayton T. Dickson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Anaesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- * E-mail:
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8
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Sobczak F, Pais-Roldán P, Takahashi K, Yu X. Decoding the brain state-dependent relationship between pupil dynamics and resting state fMRI signal fluctuation. eLife 2021; 10:e68980. [PMID: 34463612 PMCID: PMC8460262 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pupil dynamics serve as a physiological indicator of cognitive processes and arousal states of the brain across a diverse range of behavioral experiments. Pupil diameter changes reflect brain state fluctuations driven by neuromodulatory systems. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has been used to identify global patterns of neuronal correlation with pupil diameter changes; however, the linkage between distinct brain state-dependent activation patterns of neuromodulatory nuclei with pupil dynamics remains to be explored. Here, we identified four clusters of trials with unique activity patterns related to pupil diameter changes in anesthetized rat brains. Going beyond the typical rs-fMRI correlation analysis with pupil dynamics, we decomposed spatiotemporal patterns of rs-fMRI with principal component analysis (PCA) and characterized the cluster-specific pupil-fMRI relationships by optimizing the PCA component weighting via decoding methods. This work shows that pupil dynamics are tightly coupled with different neuromodulatory centers in different trials, presenting a novel PCA-based decoding method to study the brain state-dependent pupil-fMRI relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Sobczak
- Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control Group, High Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingenGermany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Patricia Pais-Roldán
- Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control Group, High Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingenGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany
| | - Kengo Takahashi
- Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control Group, High Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingenGermany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Xin Yu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, MassachusettsUnited States
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9
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Pais-Roldán P, Takahashi K, Sobczak F, Chen Y, Zhao X, Zeng H, Jiang Y, Yu X. Indexing brain state-dependent pupil dynamics with simultaneous fMRI and optical fiber calcium recording. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6875-6882. [PMID: 32139609 PMCID: PMC7104268 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909937117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pupillometry, a noninvasive measure of arousal, complements human functional MRI (fMRI) to detect periods of variable cognitive processing and identify networks that relate to particular attentional states. Even under anesthesia, pupil dynamics correlate with brain-state fluctuations, and extended dilations mark the transition to more arousable states. However, cross-scale neuronal activation patterns are seldom linked to brain state-dependent pupil dynamics. Here, we complemented resting-state fMRI in rats with cortical calcium recording (GCaMP-mediated) and pupillometry to tackle the linkage between brain-state changes and neural dynamics across different scales. This multimodal platform allowed us to identify a global brain network that covaried with pupil size, which served to generate an index indicative of the brain-state fluctuation during anesthesia. Besides, a specific correlation pattern was detected in the brainstem, at a location consistent with noradrenergic cell group 5 (A5), which appeared to be dependent on the coupling between different frequencies of cortical activity, possibly further indicating particular brain-state dynamics. The multimodal fMRI combining concurrent calcium recordings and pupillometry enables tracking brain state-dependent pupil dynamics and identifying unique cross-scale neuronal dynamic patterns under anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pais-Roldán
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
- Medical Imaging Physics, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Kengo Takahashi
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Filip Sobczak
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yi Chen
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hang Zeng
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Xin Yu
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
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10
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Eckley SS, Villano JS, Kuo NS, Wong KY. Acepromazine and Chlorpromazine as Pharmaceutical-grade Alternatives to Chlorprothixene for Pupillary Light Reflex Imaging in Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020; 59:197-203. [PMID: 31915106 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Studies of visual responses in isoflurane-anesthetized mice often use the sedative chlorprothixene to decrease the amount of isoflurane used because excessive isoflurane could adversely affect light-evoked responses. However, data are not available to justify the use of this nonpharmaceutical-grade chemical. The current study tested whether pharmaceutical-grade sedatives would be appropriate alternatives for imaging pupillary light reflexes. Male 15-wk-old mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1 mg/kg chlorprothixene, 5 mg/kg acepromazine, 10 mg/kg chlorpromazine, or saline. After anesthetic induction, anesthesia maintenance used 0.5% and 1% isoflurane for sedative- and saline-injected mice, respectively. A photostimulus (16.0 log photons cm-2 s-1; 470 nm) was presented to the right eye for 20 min, during which the left eye was imaged for consensual pupillary constriction and involuntary pupil drift. Time to immobilization, loss of righting reflex, physiologic parameters, gain of righting reflex, and degree of recovery were assessed also. The sedative groups were statistically indistinguishable for all measures. By contrast, pupillary drift occurred far more often in saline-treated mice than in the sedative groups. Furthermore, saline-treated mice took longer to reach maximal pupil constriction than all sedative groups and had lower heart rates compared with chlorpromazine- and chlorprothixene-sedated mice. Full recovery (as defined by purposeful movement, response to tactile stimuli, and full alertness) was not regularly achieved in any sedative group. In conclusion, at the doses tested, acepromazine and chlorpromazine are suitable pharmaceutical-grade alternatives to chlorprothixene for pupil imaging and conceivably other in vivo photoresponse measurements; however, given the lack of full recovery, lower dosages should be investigated further for use in survival procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Eckley
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason S Villano
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nora S Kuo
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kwoon Y Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;,
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11
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Orlowska-Feuer P, Smyk MK, Palus-Chramiec K, Dyl K, Lewandowski MH. Orexin A as a modulator of dorsal lateral geniculate neuronal activity: a comprehensive electrophysiological study on adult rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16729. [PMID: 31723155 PMCID: PMC6853907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexins (OXA, OXB) are hypothalamic peptides playing crucial roles in arousal, feeding, social and reward-related behaviours. A recent study on juvenile rats suggested their involvement in vision modulation due to their direct action on dorsal lateral geniculate (dLGN) neurons. The present study aimed to verify whether a similar action of OXA can be observed in adulthood. Thus, in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological recordings on adult Wistar rats across light-dark and cortical cycles were conducted under urethane anaesthesia. OXA influenced ~28% of dLGN neurons recorded in vivo by either excitation or suppression of neuronal firing. OXA-responsive neurons did not show any spatial distribution nor represent a coherent group of dLGN cells, and responded to OXA similarly across the light-dark cycle. Interestingly, some OXA-responsive neurons worked in a cortical state-dependent manner, especially during the dark phase, and 'preferred' cortical activation over slow-wave activity induced by urethane. The corresponding patch clamp study confirmed these results by showing that < 20% of dLGN neurons were excited by OXA under both light regimes. The results suggest that OXA is involved in the development of the visual system rather than in visual processes and further implicate OXA in the mediation of circadian and arousal-related activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Orlowska-Feuer
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology (MCB), Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kinga Smyk
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology (MCB), Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dyl
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marian Henryk Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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12
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Chrobok L, Palus-Chramiec K, Jeczmien-Lazur JS, Lewandowski MH. Altered oscillation frequencies in the lateral geniculate complex in the rat model of absence epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2019; 157:106212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Modulation of Spontaneous and Light-Induced Activity in the Rat Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus by General Brain State Alterations under Urethane Anesthesia. Neuroscience 2019; 413:279-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Csernai M, Borbély S, Kocsis K, Burka D, Fekete Z, Balogh V, Káli S, Emri Z, Barthó P. Dynamics of sleep oscillations is coupled to brain temperature on multiple scales. J Physiol 2019; 597:4069-4086. [PMID: 31197831 DOI: 10.1113/jp277664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Sleep spindle frequency positively, duration negatively correlates with brain temperature. Local heating of the thalamus produces similar effects in the heated area. Thalamic network model corroborates temperature dependence of sleep spindle frequency. Brain temperature shows spontaneous microfluctuations during both anesthesia and natural sleep. Larger fluctuations are associated with epochs of REM sleep. Smaller fluctuations correspond to the alteration of spindling and delta epochs of infra-slow oscillation. ABSTRACT Every form of neural activity depends on temperature, yet its relationship to brain rhythms is poorly understood. In this work we examined how sleep spindles are influenced by changing brain temperatures and how brain temperature is influenced by sleep oscillations. We employed a novel thermoelectrode designed for measuring temperature while recording neural activity. We found that spindle frequency is positively correlated and duration negatively correlated with brain temperature. Local heating of the thalamus replicated the temperature dependence of spindle parameters in the heated area only, suggesting biophysical rather than global modulatory mechanisms, a finding also supported by a thalamic network model. Finally, we show that switches between oscillatory states also influence brain temperature on a shorter and smaller scale. Epochs of paradoxical sleep as well as the infra-slow oscillation were associated with brain temperature fluctuations below 0.2°C. Our results highlight that brain temperature is massively intertwined with sleep oscillations on various time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Csernai
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Borbély
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Kocsis
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Roska Tamás Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.,Neuronal Network and Behavior Research Group, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Burka
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Fekete
- Research Group for Implantable Microsystems, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Technical Physics and Material Science, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Balogh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Káli
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Barthó
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Impaired pupillary control in “schizophrenia-like” WISKET rats. Auton Neurosci 2018; 213:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Chrobok L, Palus‐Chramiec K, Jeczmien‐Lazur JS, Blasiak T, Lewandowski MH. Gamma and infra-slow oscillations shape neuronal firing in the rat subcortical visual system. J Physiol 2018; 596:2229-2250. [PMID: 29577327 PMCID: PMC5983133 DOI: 10.1113/jp275563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Neuronal oscillations observed in sensory systems are physiological carriers of information about stimulus features. Rhythm in the infra-slow range, originating from the retina, was previously found in the firing of subcortical visual system nuclei involved in both image and non-image forming functions. The present study shows that the firing of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus is also governed by gamma oscillation (∼35 Hz) time-locked to high phase of infra-slow rhythm that codes the intensity of transient light stimulation. We show that both physiological rhythms are synchronized within and between ipsilateral nuclei of the subcortical visual system and are dependent on retinal activity. The present study shows that neurophysiological oscillations characterized by various frequencies not only coexist in the subcortical visual system, but also are subjected to complex interference and synchronization processes. ABSTRACT The physiological function of rhythmic firing in the neuronal networks of sensory systems has been linked with information coding. Also, neuronal oscillations in different frequency bands often change as a signature of brain state or sensory processing. Infra-slow oscillation (ISO) in the neuronal firing dependent on the retinal network has been described previously in the structures of the subcortical visual system. In the present study, we show for the first time that firing of ISO neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus is also characterized by a harmonic discharge pattern (i.e. action potentials are separated by the intervals governed by fundamental frequency in the gamma range: ∼35 Hz). A similar phenomenon was recently described in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus: the master biological clock. We found that both gamma and ISO rhythms were synchronized within and between ipsilateral nuclei of the subcortical visual system and were dependent on the retinal activity of the contralateral eye. These oscillatory patterns were differentially influenced by transient and prolonged light stimulation with respect to both frequency change direction and sustainability. The results of the present study show that the firing pattern of neurons in the subcortical visual system is shaped by oscillations from infra-slow and gamma frequency bands that are plausibly generated by the retinal network. Additionally, the results demonstrate that both rhythms are not a distinctive feature of image or non-image forming visual systems but, instead, they comprise two channels carrying distinctive properties of photic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and ChronobiologyInstitute of Zoology and Biomedical ResearchJagiellonian University in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Katarzyna Palus‐Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and ChronobiologyInstitute of Zoology and Biomedical ResearchJagiellonian University in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Jagoda Stanislawa Jeczmien‐Lazur
- Department of Neurophysiology and ChronobiologyInstitute of Zoology and Biomedical ResearchJagiellonian University in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Tomasz Blasiak
- Department of Neurophysiology and ChronobiologyInstitute of Zoology and Biomedical ResearchJagiellonian University in KrakowKrakowPoland
| | - Marian Henryk Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and ChronobiologyInstitute of Zoology and Biomedical ResearchJagiellonian University in KrakowKrakowPoland
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17
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Yüzgeç Ö, Prsa M, Zimmermann R, Huber D. Pupil Size Coupling to Cortical States Protects the Stability of Deep Sleep via Parasympathetic Modulation. Curr Biol 2018; 28:392-400.e3. [PMID: 29358069 PMCID: PMC5807087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During wakefulness, pupil diameter can reflect changes in attention, vigilance, and cortical states. How pupil size relates to cortical activity during sleep, however, remains unknown. Pupillometry during natural sleep is inherently challenging since the eyelids are usually closed. Here, we present a novel head-fixed sleep paradigm in combination with infrared back-illumination pupillometry (iBip) allowing robust tracking of pupil diameter in sleeping mice. We found that pupil size can be used as a reliable indicator of sleep states and that cortical activity becomes tightly coupled to pupil size fluctuations during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Pharmacological blocking experiments indicate that the observed pupil size changes during sleep are mediated via the parasympathetic system. We furthermore found that constrictions of the pupil during NREM episodes might play a protective role for stability of sleep depth. These findings reveal a fundamental relationship between cortical activity and pupil size, which has so far been hidden behind closed eyelids. Infrared back-illumination allows accurate pupillometry in sleeping mice Brain activity and pupil diameter are tightly coupled during sleep The parasympathetic system is the main driver of pupillary changes during NREM sleep Pupillary constrictions might have a protective function to stabilize deep sleep
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Yüzgeç
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mario Prsa
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Huber
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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18
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Reproducing Infra-Slow Oscillations with Dopaminergic Modulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2411. [PMID: 28546544 PMCID: PMC5445087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human brain, billions of neurons construct a neural network via synaptic connections. Neuronal excitation and inhibition are transmitted to other neurons through synapses via neurotransmitters. Dopamine is one of these neurotransmitters that plays a number of important roles. There are a variety of rhythms in the brain, such as alpha rhythm, beta rhythm, and so on. Infra-slow oscillation, ISO, is one of the rhythms observed in the brain, and ranges below 0.1 Hz. One of the key roles of dopamine is the generation of ISO in neural networks. Although the mechanism underlying the generation of ISO remains unknown, ISO can be generated by activation of the D1-type dopamine receptor. The D1-type receptor regulates spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), which is a learning rule of the change in synaptic weights. In this paper, to reproduce ISO in neural networks, we show that dopaminergic modulation of STDP is essential. More specifically, we discovered a close relationship between two dopaminergic effects: modulation of the STDP function and generation of ISO. We therefore, numerically investigated the relationship in detail and proposed a possible mechanism by which ISO is generated.
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19
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Walczak M, Błasiak T. Midbrain dopaminergic neuron activity across alternating brain states of urethane anaesthetized rat. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:1068-1077. [PMID: 28177164 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons are implicated in the control of motor functions and reward-driven behaviours. The function of this neuronal population is strongly connected with distinct patterns of firing - irregular or bursting, which either maintains basal levels of dopamine (DA) or leads to phasic release, respectively. Heterogeneity of dopaminergic neurons, observed on both structural and functional levels, is also reflected in different responses of DA neurons to changes in global brain states. Preparation of urethane anaesthetized animal is a broadly used model to study brain state dependent activity of neurons. Unfortunately activity of midbrain DA neurons across urethane induced cyclic, spontaneous brain state alternations is poorly described. To fulfil this gap in our knowledge we have performed simultaneous, extracellular recordings of the firing of single putative DA neurons combined with continuous brain state monitoring. We found that during slow wave activity, the firing rate of recorded putative DA neurons was significantly higher compared to firing rates during activated state, both in ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). In the presence of cortical slow waves, putative dopaminergic neurons also intensified bursting activity, but the magnitude of this phenomena differed in respect to the examined region (VTA or SNc). Our results show that activity of DA neurons under urethane anaesthesia is brain-state dependent and emphasize the importance of brain state monitoring during electrophysiological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Walczak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Błasiak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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20
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Chrobok L, Palus K, Jeczmien-Lazur JS, Chrzanowska A, Kepczynski M, Lewandowski MH. Disinhibition of the intergeniculate leaflet network in the WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2016; 289:103-116. [PMID: 28041911 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) of the thalamus is a retinorecipient structure implicated in orchestrating circadian rhythmicity. The IGL network is highly GABAergic and consists mainly of neuropeptide Y-synthesising and enkephalinergic neurons. A high density of GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes has been observed in the IGL, with a probable function in guarding neuronal inhibition. Interestingly, putatively enkephalinergic IGL neurons generate action potentials with an infra-slow oscillatory (ISO) pattern in vivo in urethane anesthetised Wistar rats, under light-on conditions only. Absence epilepsy (AE) is a disease characterised by spike-wave discharges present in the encephalogram, directly caused by hypersynchronous thalamo-cortical oscillations. Many pathologies connected with the arousal system, such as abnormalities in sleep architecture and an insufficient brain sleep-promoting system accompany the epileptic phenotype. We hypothesise that disturbances in the function of biological clock structures, controlling this rhythmic physiological process, may be responsible for the observed pathomechanism. To test this hypothesis, we performed an in vitro patch-clamp study on WAG/Rij rats, a well-validated genetic model of AE, in order to assess dampened GABAergic synaptic transmission in the IGL expressed as a lower IPSC amplitude and reduced sIPSC frequency. Moreover, our in vivo extracellular recordings showed higher firing rate of ISO IGL neurons with an abnormal reaction to a change in constant illumination (maintenance of rhythmic neuronal activity in darkness) in the AE model. Additional immunohistochemical experiments indicated astrogliosis in the area of the IGL, which may partially underlie the observed changes in inhibition. Altogether, the data presented here show for the first time the disinhibition of IGL neurons in a model of AE, thereby proposing the possible involvement of circadian-related brain structures in the epileptic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Chrobok
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Palus
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
| | | | - Anna Chrzanowska
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Kepczynski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marian Henryk Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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21
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Retinal gap junctions are involved in rhythmogenesis of neuronal activity at remote locations – Study on infra-slow oscillations in the rat olivary pretectal nucleus. Neuroscience 2016; 339:150-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Chrobok L, Palus K, Lewandowski MH. Two distinct subpopulations of neurons in the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet identified by subthreshold currents. Neuroscience 2016; 329:306-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Kum JE, Han HB, Choi JH. Pupil Size in Relation to Cortical States during Isoflurane Anesthesia. Exp Neurobiol 2016; 25:86-92. [PMID: 27122995 PMCID: PMC4844567 DOI: 10.5607/en.2016.25.2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuronal recording studies on anesthetized animals, reliable measures for the transitional moment of consciousness are frequently required. Previous findings suggest that pupil fluctuations reflect the neuronal states during quiet wakefulness, whose correlation was unknown for the anesthetized condition. Here, we investigated the pupillary changes under isoflurane anesthesia simultaneously with the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG). The pupil was tracked by using a region-based active contour model. The dose was given to the animal in a stepwise increasing mode (simulating induction of anesthesia) or in a stepwise decreasing mode (simulating emergence of anesthesia). We found that the quickly widening pupil action (mydriasis) characterizes the transitional state in anesthesia. Mydriasis occurred only in the light dose in the emergence phase, and the events were accompanied by an increase of burst activity in the EEG followed by EMG activity in 47% of the mydriasis events. Our findings suggest that recording such pupil changes may offer a noncontact monitoring tool for indexing the transitional state of the brain, particularly when a lower threshold dose is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung Eun Kum
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.; Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejon 34113, Korea
| | - Hio-Been Han
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.; Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Choi
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.; Department of Neuroscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejon 34113, Korea
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24
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Orlowska-Feuer P, Allen AE, Storchi R, Szkudlarek HJ, Lewandowski MH. The contribution of inner and outer retinal photoreceptors to infra-slow oscillations in the rat olivary pretectal nucleus. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:823-33. [PMID: 26804179 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A subpopulation of olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN) neurons discharges action potentials in an oscillatory manner, with a period of approximately two minutes. This 'infra-slow' oscillatory activity depends on synaptic excitation originating in the retina. Signals from rod-cone photoreceptors reach the OPN via the axons of either classic retinal ganglion cells or intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which use melanopsin for photon capturing. Although both cell types convey light information, their physiological functions differ considerably. The aim of the present study was to disentangle how rod-cone and melanopsin photoresponses contribute to generation of oscillatory activity. Pharmacological manipulations of specific phototransduction cascades were used whilst recording extracellular single-unit activity in the OPN of anaesthetized rats. The results show that under photopic conditions (bright light), ipRGCs play a major role in driving infra-slow oscillations, as blocking melanopsin phototransmission abolishes or transiently disturbs oscillatory firing of the OPN neurons. On the other hand, blocking rod-cone phototransmission does not change firing patterns in photopic conditions. However, under mesopic conditions (moderate light), when melanopsin phototransmission is absent, blocking rod-cone signalling causes disturbances or even the disappearance of oscillations implying that classic photoreceptors are of greater importance under moderate light. Evidence is provided that all photoreceptors are required for the generation of oscillations in the OPN, although their roles in driving the rhythm are determined by the lighting conditions, consistent with their relative sensitivities. The results further suggest that maintained retinal activity is crucial to observe infra-slow oscillatory activity in the OPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Orlowska-Feuer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Annette E Allen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Riccardo Storchi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hanna J Szkudlarek
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marian H Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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25
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Takahashi H, Tokushige H, Shiramatsu T, Noda T, Kanzaki R. Covariation of pupillary and auditory cortical activity in rats under isoflurane anesthesia. Neuroscience 2015; 300:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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