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Peng W, Song Y, Zhu G, Zeng Y, Cai H, Lu C, Abuduxukuer Z, Song X, Gao X, Ye L, Wang J, Jin M. FGF10 attenuates allergic airway inflammation in asthma by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110964. [PMID: 37956773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) against allergic asthma has remained unclear, despite its importance in lung development and homeostasis maintenance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of Fgf10 on asthma. METHOD House Dust Mite (HDM)-induced asthma mice were administered recombinant Fgf10 intranasally during activation. Flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to determine type of inflammatory cells and type 2 cytokines levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid - Schiff (PAS) staining of lung sections were conducted to evaluate histopathological assessment. Transcriptome profiling was analyzed using RNA-seq, followed by bioinformatics and network analyses to investigate the potential mechanisms of Fgf10 in asthma. RT-qPCR was also used to search for and validate differentially expressed genes in human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs). RESULTS Exogenous administration of Fgf10 alleviated HDM-induced inflammation and mucus secretion in lung tissues of mice. Fgf10 also significantly inhibited the accumulation of eosinophils and type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) in BALF. The PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway may mediate the suppressive impact of Fgf10 on the asthma inflammation. Through RNA-seq analysis, the intersection of 71 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was found between HDM challenge and Fgf10 treatment. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated a strong correlation between the DEGs and different immune response. Immune infiltration analysis predicted the differential infiltration of five types of immune cells, such as NK cells, dendritic cells, monocytes and M1 macrophages. PPI analysis determined hub genes such as Irf7, Rsad2, Isg15 and Rtp4. Interestingly, above genes were consistently altered in human PBMCs in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION Asthma airway inflammation could be attenuated by Fgf10 in this study, suggesting that it could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Peng
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yansha Song
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guiping Zhu
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingying Zeng
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zilinuer Abuduxukuer
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xixi Song
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Allergy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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In 't Veld AE, Grievink HW, van der Plas JL, Eveleens Maarse BC, van Kraaij SJW, Woutman TD, Schoonakker M, Klarenbeek NB, de Kam ML, Kamerling IMC, Jansen MAA, Moerland M. Immunosuppression by hydroxychloroquine: mechanistic proof in in vitro experiments but limited systemic activity in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical pharmacology study. Immunol Res 2023; 71:617-627. [PMID: 36811819 PMCID: PMC9945836 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Based on its wide range of immunosuppressive properties, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is used for the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. Limited literature is available on the relationship between HCQ concentration and its immunosuppressive effect. To gain insight in this relationship, we performed in vitro experiments in human PBMCs and explored the effect of HCQ on T and B cell proliferation and Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/TLR7/TLR9/RIG-I-induced cytokine production. In a placebo-controlled clinical study, these same endpoints were evaluated in healthy volunteers that were treated with a cumulative dose of 2400 mg HCQ over 5 days. In vitro, HCQ inhibited TLR responses with IC50s > 100 ng/mL and reaching 100% inhibition. In the clinical study, maximal HCQ plasma concentrations ranged from 75 to 200 ng/mL. No ex vivo HCQ effects were found on RIG-I-mediated cytokine release, but there was significant suppression of TLR7 responses and mild suppression of TLR3 and TLR9 responses. Moreover, HCQ treatment did not affect B cell and T cell proliferation. These investigations show that HCQ has clear immunosuppressive effects on human PBMCs, but the effective concentrations exceed the circulating HCQ concentrations under conventional clinical use. Of note, based on HCQ's physicochemical properties, tissue drug concentrations may be higher, potentially resulting in significant local immunosuppression. This trial is registered in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) under study number NL8726.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliede E In 't Veld
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika W Grievink
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan L van der Plas
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Boukje C Eveleens Maarse
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J W van Kraaij
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Ingrid M C Kamerling
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Howe CL, Johnson RK, Overlee BL, Sagen JA, Mehta N, Farias‐Moeller R. Drug-resistant seizures associated with hyperinflammatory monocytes in FIRES. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:719-731. [PMID: 36924141 PMCID: PMC10187718 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Therapeutic strategies for patients with febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) are limited, ad hoc, and frequently ineffective. Based on evidence that inflammation drives pathogenesis in FIRES, we used ex vivo stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to characterize the monocytic response profile before and after therapy in a child successfully treated with dexamethasone delivered intrathecally six times between hospital Day 23 and 40 at 0.25 mg/kg/dose. METHODS PBMCs were isolated from serial blood draws acquired during refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and following resolution associated with intrathecal dexamethasone therapy in a previously healthy 9-year-old male that presented with seizures following Streptococcal pharyngitis. Cells were stimulated with bacterial or viral ligands and cytokine release was measured and compared to responses in age-matched healthy control PBMCs. Levels of inflammatory factors in the blood and CSF were also measured and compared to pediatric healthy control ranges. RESULTS During RSE, serum levels of IL6, CXCL8, HMGB1, S100A8/A9, and CRP were significantly elevated. IL6 was elevated in CSF. Ex vivo stimulation of PBMCs collected during RSE revealed hyperinflammatory release of IL6 and CXCL8 in response to bacterial stimulation. Following intrathecal dexamethasone, RSE resolved, inflammatory levels normalized in serum and CSF, and the PBMC hyperinflammatory response renormalized. SIGNIFICANCE FIRES may be associated with a hyperinflammatory monocytic response to normally banal bacterial pathogens. This hyperinflammatory response may induce a profound neutrophil burden and the consequent release of factors that further exacerbate inflammation and drive neuroinflammation. Intrathecal dexamethasone may resolve RSE by resetting this inflammatory feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L. Howe
- Translational Neuroimmunology LabMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of NeurologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Center for MS and Autoimmune NeurologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Division of Experimental NeurologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Renee K. Johnson
- Translational Neuroimmunology LabMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Jessica A. Sagen
- Translational Neuroimmunology LabMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Center for MS and Autoimmune NeurologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Niyati Mehta
- Department of NeurologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Division of Child NeurologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Raquel Farias‐Moeller
- Department of NeurologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
- Division of Child NeurologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
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Bogusławska-Duch J, Ducher-Hanaka M, Zajkowska A, Czajka M, Małecki M. Therapeutic combination silencing VEGF and SOX10 increases the antiangiogenic effect in the mouse melanoma model B16-F10 - in vitro and in vivo studies. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:887-898. [PMID: 34849139 PMCID: PMC8610042 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gene therapy is an innovative form of treatment of genetic diseases, in which psiRNA molecules silencing specific genes are applied. AIM The study evaluated the anti-tumour effect of psiRNA silencing preparations of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Sry-related HMG-Box gene 10 (SOX10) on melanoma (B16-F10) by inhibiting angiogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The preparations based on plasmid vectors psiRNA silencing the gene SOX10 and VEGF that form complexes with cationic lipid (psiRNA/carrier) have been developed. psiRNA preparations were tested on the mouse melanoma cell line B16-F10, both in vitro and in vivo. The silencing activity of transfected melanoma cells with the obtained psiRNA preparations was examined using the qPCR and Western blot methods. The anti-tumour activity of psiRNA preparations on melanoma tumour cells was then evaluated in a mouse in vivo model. RESULTS In vitro studies have shown that the B16-F10 cells efficiently transfect non-viral preparations - psiRNA: Lyovec (74-89%). Worth mentioning is the fact that silencing SOX10 in B16-F10 melanoma cells increases the expression of the COL18A1 gene (compared to the preparation inhibiting only VEGF), which codes the endostatin to stop angiogenesis. In vivo results show that the level of haemoglobin in tumours of mice treated with psiRNA formulations was over 6 times lower than controls and tumour mass was 60-80% lower. CONCLUSIONS The novel study proves that simultaneous inhibition of SOX10 and VEGF enhances the antiangiogenic action and thus contributes to a significant halt of disease development. In addition, these data expand knowledge about SOX10 regulation and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka Zajkowska
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milena Czajka
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Małecki
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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5
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Laanesoo A, Urgard E, Periyasamy K, Laan M, Bochkov YA, Aab A, Magilnick N, Pooga M, Gern JE, Johnston SL, Coquet JM, Boldin MP, Wengel J, Altraja A, Bochenek G, Jakiela B, Rebane A. Dual role of the miR-146 family in rhinovirus-induced airway inflammation and allergic asthma exacerbation. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e427. [PMID: 34185416 PMCID: PMC8161513 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) infections are associated with asthma exacerbations. MicroRNA-146a and microRNA-146b (miR-146a/b) are anti-inflammatory miRNAs that suppress signaling through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and inhibit pro-inflammatory chemokine production in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). In the current study, we aimed to explore whether miR-146a/b could regulate cellular responses to RVs in HBECs and airways during RV-induced asthma exacerbation. We demonstrated that expression of miR-146a/b and pro-inflammatory chemokines was increased in HBECs and mouse airways during RV infection. However, transfection with cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-miR-146a nanocomplexes before infection with RV significantly reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL5, IL-8 and CXCL1, increased interferon-λ production, and attenuated infection with the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing RV-A16 in HBECs. Concordantly, compared to wild-type (wt) mice, Mir146a/b-/- mice exhibited more severe airway neutrophilia and increased T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cell infiltration in response to RV-A1b infection and a stronger Th17 response with a less prominent Th2 response in house dust mite extract (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation and RV-induced exacerbation models. Interestingly, intranasal administration of CPP-miR-146a nanocomplexes reduced HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation without a significant effect on the Th2/Th1/Th17 balance in wild-type mice. In conclusion, the overexpression of miR-146a has a strong anti-inflammatory effect on RV infection in HBECs and a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation, while a lack of miR-146a/b leads to attenuated type 2 cell responses in mouse models of allergic airway inflammation and RV-induced exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation. Furthermore, our data indicate that the application of CPP-miR-146a nanocomplexes has therapeutic potential for targeting airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anet Laanesoo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Egon Urgard
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Kapilraj Periyasamy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Martti Laan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Yury A. Bochkov
- School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Alar Aab
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Nathaniel Magilnick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Margus Pooga
- Institute of TechnologyUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - James E. Gern
- School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Sebastian L. Johnston
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Jonathan M. Coquet
- Department of MicrobiologyTumor and Cell Biology (MTC)Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Mark P. Boldin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Nucleic Acid CenterDepartment of PhysicsChemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Alan Altraja
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Lung Clinic of the Tartu University HospitalTartuEstonia
| | - Grazyna Bochenek
- Department of MedicineJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
| | - Bogdan Jakiela
- Department of MedicineJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
| | - Ana Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational MedicineUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
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Chałubiński M, Szulc A, Pawełczyk M, Gajewski A, Gawrysiak M, Likońska A, Kowalski ML. Human rhinovirus 16 induces antiviral and inflammatory response in the human vascular endothelium. APMIS 2021; 129:143-151. [PMID: 33230840 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of rhinovirus on airway epithelium is very well described. However, its influence on the vascular endothelium is unknown. The current study assesses the effect of rhinovirus HRV16 on the antiviral and inflammatory response in the human vascular endothelial cells (ECs). HRV16 increased IFN-β, RANTES, and IP-10 mRNA expression and protein release. HRV16 copy number in ECs reached maximal value 10 h after incubation. Increase in virus copies was accompanied by the enhancement of Toll- and RIG-I-like receptors: TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5. Additionally, HRV16 increased OAS-1 and PKR mRNA expression, enzymes responsible for virus degradation and inhibition of replication. ICAM-1 blockade decreased HRV16 copy number in ECs and inhibited IFN-β, RANTES, IP-10, OAS1, PKR, TLR3, RIG-I, and MDA5 mRNA expression increase upon subsequent induction with HRV16. The vascular endothelium may be infected by human rhinovirus and generate antiviral and inflammatory innate response. Results of the study indicate the possible involvement of the vascular endothelium in the immunopathology of rhinoviral airway infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Chałubiński
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szulc
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Gajewski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Gawrysiak
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Likońska
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek L Kowalski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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The emerging role of microRNAs in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107204. [PMID: 33221169 PMCID: PMC7664359 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed significant public health problems for the human populations worldwide after the 1918 influenza A virus (IVA) (H1N1) pandemic. Although numerous efforts have been made to unravel the mechanisms underlying the coronavirus, a notable gap remains in our perception of the COVID-19 pathogenesis. The innate and adaptive immune systems have a pivotal role in the fate of viral infections, such as COVID-19 pandemic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as short noncoding RNA molecules and appear as indispensable governors of almost any cellular means. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that miRNAs participate in essential mechanisms of cell biology, regulation of the immune system, and the onset and progression of numerous types of disorders. The immune responses to viral respiratory infections (VRIs), including influenza virus (IV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus (RV), are correlated with the ectopic expression of miRNAs. Alterations of the miRNA expression in epithelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic and acute airway infections. Hence, analyzing the role of these types of nucleotides in antiviral immune responses and the characterization of miRNA target genes might contribute to understanding the mechanisms of the interplay between the host and viruses, and in the future, potentially result in discovering therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute COVID-19 infection. In this article, we present a general review of current studies concerning the function of miRNAs in different VRIs, particularly in coronavirus infection, and address all available therapeutic prospects to mitigate the burden of viral infections.
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Ramu S, Calvén J, Michaeloudes C, Menzel M, Akbarshahi H, Chung KF, Uller L. TLR3/TAK1 signalling regulates rhinovirus-induced interleukin-33 in bronchial smooth muscle cells. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00147-2020. [PMID: 33043044 PMCID: PMC7533303 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00147-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma exacerbations are commonly associated with rhinovirus (RV) infection. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) plays an important role during exacerbation by enhancing Type 2 inflammation. Recently we showed that RV infects bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) triggering production of interferons and IL-33. Here we compared levels of RV-induced IL-33 in BSMCs from healthy and asthmatic subjects, and explored the involvement of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and downstream signalling pathways in IL-33 expression. Method BSMCs from healthy and severe and non-severe asthmatic patients were infected with RV1B or stimulated with the PRR agonists poly(I:C) (Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)), imiquimod (TLR7) and poly(I:C)/LyoVec (retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I)/melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)). Knockdown of TLR3, RIG-I and MDA5 was performed, and inhibitors targeting TBK1, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) were used. Gene and protein expression were assessed. Results RV triggered IL-33 gene and protein expression in BSMCs. BSMCs from patients with non-severe asthma showed higher baseline and RV-induced IL-33 gene expression compared to cells from patients with severe asthma and healthy controls. Furthermore, RV-induced IL-33 expression in BSMCs from healthy and asthmatic individuals was attenuated by knockdown of TLR3. Inhibition of TAK1, but not NF-κB or TBK1, limited RV-induced IL-33. The cytokine secretion profile showed higher production of IL-33 in BSMCs from patients with non-severe asthma compared to healthy controls upon RV infection. In addition, BSMCs from patients with non-severe asthma had higher levels of RV-induced IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-5 and IL-13. Conclusion RV infection caused higher levels of IL-33 and increased pro-inflammatory and Type 2 cytokine release in BSMCs from patients with non-severe asthma. RV-induced IL-33 expression was mainly regulated by TLR3 and downstream via TAK1. These signalling molecules represent potential therapeutic targets for treating asthma exacerbations. Rhinovirus-induced IL-33 is overexpressed in bronchial smooth muscle cells from asthmatics, and the production of IL-33 following infection is mediated by activation of TLR3 and downstream TAK1 signallinghttps://bit.ly/3fXH0h3
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ramu
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Jenny Calvén
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Mandy Menzel
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lena Uller
- Dept of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Anthracopoulos MB, Everard ML. Asthma: A Loss of Post-natal Homeostatic Control of Airways Smooth Muscle With Regression Toward a Pre-natal State. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:95. [PMID: 32373557 PMCID: PMC7176812 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The defining feature of asthma is loss of normal post-natal homeostatic control of airways smooth muscle (ASM). This is the key feature that distinguishes asthma from all other forms of respiratory disease. Failure to focus on impaired ASM homeostasis largely explains our failure to find a cure and contributes to the widespread excessive morbidity associated with the condition despite the presence of effective therapies. The mechanisms responsible for destabilizing the normal tight control of ASM and hence airways caliber in post-natal life are unknown but it is clear that atopic inflammation is neither necessary nor sufficient. Loss of homeostasis results in excessive ASM contraction which, in those with poor control, is manifest by variations in airflow resistance over short periods of time. During viral exacerbations, the ability to respond to bronchodilators is partially or almost completely lost, resulting in ASM being "locked down" in a contracted state. Corticosteroids appear to restore normal or near normal homeostasis in those with poor control and restore bronchodilator responsiveness during exacerbations. The mechanism of action of corticosteroids is unknown and the assumption that their action is solely due to "anti-inflammatory" effects needs to be challenged. ASM, in evolutionary terms, dates to the earliest land dwelling creatures that required muscle to empty primitive lungs. ASM appears very early in embryonic development and active peristalsis is essential for the formation of the lungs. However, in post-natal life its only role appears to be to maintain airways in a configuration that minimizes resistance to airflow and dead space. In health, significant constriction is actively prevented, presumably through classic negative feedback loops. Disruption of this robust homeostatic control can develop at any age and results in asthma. In order to develop a cure, we need to move from our current focus on immunology and inflammatory pathways to work that will lead to an understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to ASM stability in health and how this is disrupted to cause asthma. This requires a radical change in the focus of most of "asthma research."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark L. Everard
- Division of Paediatrics & Child Health, Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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10
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Human host defense peptide LL-37 facilitates double-stranded RNA pro-inflammatory signaling through up-regulation of TLR3 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:579-588. [PMID: 32221618 PMCID: PMC7200649 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of human host defense peptide LL-37 in vascular innate immunity is not understood. Here, we assess the impact of LL-37 on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) signaling in human vascular smooth muscle cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cellular import of LL-37 and synthetic dsRNA (poly I:C) were investigated by immunocytochemistry and fluorescence imaging. Transcript and protein expression were determined by qPCR, ELISA and Western blot. Knockdown of TLR3 was performed by siRNA. RESULTS LL-37 was rapidly internalized, suggesting that it has intracellular actions. Co-stimulation with poly I:C and LL-37 enhanced pro-inflammatory IL-6 and MCP-1 transcripts several fold compared to treatment with poly I:C or LL-37 alone. Poly I:C increased IL-6 and MCP-1 protein production, and this effect was potentiated by LL-37. LL-37-induced stimulation of poly I:C signaling was not associated with enhanced import of poly I:C. Treatment with poly I:C and LL-37 in combination increased expression of dsRNA receptor TLR3 compared to stimulation with poly I:C or LL-37 alone. In TLR3 knockdown cells, treatment with poly I:C and LL-37 in combination had no effect on IL-6 and MCP-1 expression, showing loss of function. CONCLUSIONS LL-37 potentiates dsRNA-induced cytokine production through up-regulation of TLR3 expression representing a novel pro-inflammatory mechanism.
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Preconditioning of Rat Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Toll-Like Receptor Agonists. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7692973. [PMID: 31531025 PMCID: PMC6721436 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7692973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are dynamic cells that can sense the environment, adapting their regulatory functions to different conditions. Accordingly, the therapeutic potential of BM-MSCs can be modulated by preconditioning strategies aimed at modifying their paracrine action. Although rat BM-MSCs (rBM-MSCs) have been widely tested in preclinical research, most preconditioning studies have employed human and mouse BM-MSCs. Herein, we investigated whether rBM-MSCs modify their phenotype and paracrine functions in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists. The data showed that rBM-MSCs expressed TLR3, TLR4, and MDA5 mRNA and were able to internalize polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), a TLR3/MDA5 agonist. rBM-MSCs were then stimulated with Poly(I:C) or with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 agonist) for 1 h and were grown under normal culture conditions. LPS or Poly(I:C) stimulation did not affect the viability or the morphology of rBM-MSCs and did not modify the expression pattern of key cell surface markers. Poly(I:C) did not induce statistically significant changes in the release of several inflammatory mediators and VEGF by rBM-MSCs, although it tended to increase IL-6 and MCP-1 secretion, whereas LPS increased the release of IL-6, MCP-1, and VEGF, three factors that were constitutively secreted by unstimulated cells. The neurotrophic activity of the conditioned medium from unstimulated and LPS-preconditioned rBM-MSCs was investigated using dorsal root ganglion explants, showing that soluble factors produced by unstimulated and LPS-preconditioned rBM-MSCs can stimulate neurite outgrowth similarly, in a VEGF-dependent manner. LPS-preconditioned cells, however, were slightly more efficient in increasing the number of regrowing axons in a model of sciatic nerve transection in rats. In conclusion, LPS preconditioning boosted the production of constitutively secreted factors by rBM-MSCs, without changing their mesenchymal identity, an effect that requires further investigation in exploratory preclinical studies.
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Leon-Icaza SA, Zeng M, Rosas-Taraco AG. microRNAs in viral acute respiratory infections: immune regulation, biomarkers, therapy, and vaccines. EXRNA 2019; 1:1. [PMID: 34171007 PMCID: PMC7149109 DOI: 10.1186/s41544-018-0004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs of 17-24 nt. These molecules regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are differentially expressed in viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs), which are responsible for high morbidity and mortality around the world. In recent years, miRNAs have been studied in order to discover anti-viral ARI drug targets as well as biomarkers for diagnosis, severity, and prognosis. This review presents an analysis of the regulatory response to viral ARIs of miRNAs, including their participation in the innate immune response, their utility as biomarkers, and their potential for future therapies and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Leon-Icaza
- 0000 0001 2203 0321grid.411455.0Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL Mexico ,grid.449768.0Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905-2827 USA
| | - Mingtao Zeng
- grid.449768.0Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905-2827 USA
| | - Adrian G. Rosas-Taraco
- 0000 0001 2203 0321grid.411455.0Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL Mexico
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13
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Andreakos E, Zanoni I, Galani IE. Lambda interferons come to light: dual function cytokines mediating antiviral immunity and damage control. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 56:67-75. [PMID: 30399529 PMCID: PMC6541392 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
IFNλs are dual function cytokines mediating antiviral activity and damage control. IFNλs confer initial antimicrobial protection at anatomical barriers without provoking unnecessary inflammation. IFNλs exhibit immune regulatory and host protective actions reminiscent of IL-10. IFNλs form novel therapeutics with the beneficial actions of type I IFNs but lacking their pro-inflammatory side effects.
Lambda interferons (IFNλs, type III IFNs or interleukins-28/29) were described fifteen years ago as novel cytokines sharing structural and functional homology with IL-10 and type I IFNs, respectively. IFNλs engage a unique receptor complex comprising IFNLR1 and IL10R2, nevertheless they share signaling cascade and many functions with type I IFNs, questioning their possible non-redundant roles and overall biological importance. Here, we review the latest evidence establishing the primacy of IFNλs in front line protection at anatomical barriers, mediating antiviral immunity before type I IFNs. We also discuss their emerging role in regulating inflammation and limiting host damage, a major difference to type I IFNs. IFNλs come thus to light as dual function cytokines mediating antiviral immunity and damage control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ioanna E Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Tan KS, Ong HH, Yan Y, Liu J, Li C, Ong YK, Thong KT, Choi HW, Wang DY, Chow VT. In Vitro Model of Fully Differentiated Human Nasal Epithelial Cells Infected With Rhinovirus Reveals Epithelium-Initiated Immune Responses. J Infect Dis 2018; 217:906-915. [PMID: 29228279 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the commonest cause of the common cold. While HRV is less pathogenic than other respiratory viruses, it is frequently associated with exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases such as rhinosinusitis and asthma. Nasal epithelial cells are the first sites of viral contact, immune initiation, and airway interconnectivity, but there are limited studies on HRV infection of nasal epithelial cells. Hence, we established a model of HRV infection of in vitro-differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) derived from multiple individuals. Through HRV infection of hNECs, we found that HRV mainly targeted ciliated cells and preferentially induced type I and III interferon antiviral pathways. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of inflammatory genes suggested predominant type 1 immunity signaling and recruitment, with secreted CXCL9, IP-10, CXCL11, and RANTES as likely initiators of airway inflammatory responses. Additionally, we further explored HRV bidirectional release from the hNECs and identified 11 associated genes. Other HRV interactions were also identified through a systematic comparison with influenza A virus infection of hNECs. Overall, this in vitro hNEC HRV infection model provides a platform for repeatable and controlled studies of different individuals, thus providing novel insights into the roles of human nasal epithelium in HRV interaction and immune initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Yew Kwang Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Kim Thye Thong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Hyung Won Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
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15
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Raicevic G, Najar M, Busser H, Crompot E, Bron D, Toungouz M, Lagneaux L. Comparison and immunobiological characterization of retinoic acid inducible gene-I-like receptor expression in mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2896. [PMID: 28588282 PMCID: PMC5460162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have generated major interests in several clinical settings including transplantation and inflammatory diseases. MSC functions can be influenced by their tissue origin. Their microenvironment strongly affects their biology notably through TLR sensing. In this study, we show that MSC isolated from four different sources express another type of cytosolic pathogen recognition receptors known as retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR). RLR activation in MSC induces the production of Type I IFN (IFN-β) and Type III IFN (IFN-λ1). The highest producers are adipose tissue(AT)-MSC. We further show that Interferon production is induced through TBK1/IKK-ε signaling and IRF7 phosphorylation. Depending on MSC source, the knockdown of TLR3 and/or RIG-I decreases the MSC response to RLR ligand poly(I:C)/Lyovec. Among the different MSC types, AT-MSCs display the highest sensitivity to viral stimuli as shown by the alteration of their viability after prolonged stimulation. Our work indicates that this could be linked to an increase of pro-apoptotic Noxa expression. Finally, the expression of IDO1 and LIF upon RLR activation indicate the increase of MSC immunomodulatory potential, especially in AT-MSCs. Altogether, these data should be considered when designing MSC-based therapy in clinical settings where inflammation or infection are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Raicevic
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hélène Busser
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emerence Crompot
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Toungouz
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Immunology-Hematology-Transfusion, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Bochkov YA, Gern JE. Rhinoviruses and Their Receptors: Implications for Allergic Disease. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:30. [PMID: 26960297 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses (RVs) are picornaviruses that can cause a variety of illnesses including the common cold, lower respiratory tract illnesses such as bronchitis and pneumonia, and exacerbations of asthma. RVs are classified into three species, RV-A, B, and C, which include over 160 types. They utilize three major types of cellular membrane glycoproteins to gain entry into the host cell: intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (the majority of RV-A and all RV-B), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family members (12 RV-A types), and cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) (RV-C). CDHR3 is a member of cadherin superfamily of transmembrane proteins with yet unknown biological function, and there is relatively little information available about the mechanisms of RV-C interaction with CDHR3. A coding single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6967330) in CDHR3 could promote RV-C infections and illnesses in infancy, which could in turn adversely affect the developing lung to increase the risk of asthma. Further studies are needed to determine how RV infections contribute to pathogenesis of asthma and to develop the optimal treatment approach to control asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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Faksh A, Britt RD, Vogel ER, Thompson MA, Pandya HC, Martin RJ, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. TLR3 activation increases chemokine expression in human fetal airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L202-11. [PMID: 26589477 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00151.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus, adversely affect neonatal and pediatric populations, resulting in significant lung morbidity, including acute asthma exacerbation. Studies in adults have demonstrated that human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells modulate inflammation through their ability to secrete inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The role of ASM in the developing airway during infection remains undefined. In our study, we used human fetal ASM cells as an in vitro model to examine the effect of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists on chemokine secretion. We found that fetal ASM express multiple TLRs, including TLR3 and TLR4, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infection. Cells were treated with TLR agonists, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] (TLR3 agonist), lipopolysaccharide (TLR4 agonist), or R848 (TLR7/8 agonist), and IL-8 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) secretion were evaluated. Interestingly, poly(I:C), but neither lipopolysaccharide nor R848, increased IL-8 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 secretion. Examination of signaling pathways suggested that the poly(I:C) effects in fetal ASM involve TLR and ERK signaling, in addition to another major inflammatory pathway, NF-κB. Moreover, there are variations between fetal and adult ASM with respect to poly(I:C) effects on signaling pathways. Pharmacological inhibition suggested that ERK pathways mediate poly(I:C) effects. Overall, our data show that poly(I:C) initiates activation of proinflammatory pathways in developing ASM, which may contribute to immune responses to infection and exacerbation of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arij Faksh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rodney D Britt
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth R Vogel
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Hitesh C Pandya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Immunology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rainbow Babies Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
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18
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Chiba Y, Matsumiya T, Satoh T, Hayakari R, Furudate K, Xing F, Yoshida H, Tanji K, Mizukami H, Imaizumi T, Ito E. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor (RLR)-mediated antiviral innate immune responses in the lower respiratory tract: Roles of TRAF3 and TRAF5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:191-6. [PMID: 26454171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Upon viral infection, the cytoplasmic viral sensor retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) recognizes viral RNA to activate antiviral signaling to induce type I interferon (IFN). RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) activate antiviral signaling in a tissue-specific manner. The molecular mechanism underlying antiviral signaling in the respiratory system remains unclear. We studied antiviral signaling in the lower respiratory tract (LRT), which is the site of many harmful viral infections. Epithelial cells of the LRT can be roughly divided into two groups: bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) and pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). These two cell types exhibit different phenotypes; therefore, we hypothesized that these cells may play different roles in antiviral innate immunity. We found that BECs exhibited higher antiviral activity than AECs. TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) has been shown to be a crucial molecule in RLR signaling. The expression levels of TRAF3 and TRAF5, which have conserved domains that are nearly identical, in the LRT were examined. We found that the bronchus exhibited the highest expression levels of TRAF3 and TRAF5 in the LRT. These findings suggest the importance of the bronchus in antiviral innate immunity in the LRT and indicate that TRAF3 and TRAF5 may contribute to RLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Chiba
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | - Tsugumi Satoh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Hayakari
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ken Furudate
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hidemi Yoshida
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tanji
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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19
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Calvén J, Akbarshahi H, Menzel M, Ayata CK, Idzko M, Bjermer L, Uller L. Rhinoviral stimuli, epithelial factors and ATP signalling contribute to bronchial smooth muscle production of IL-33. J Transl Med 2015; 13:281. [PMID: 26318341 PMCID: PMC4552418 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) from severe asthmatics have been shown to overexpress the Th2-driving and asthma-associated cytokine IL-33. However, little is known regarding factors involved in BSMC production of IL-33. Rhinovirus (RV) infections cause asthma exacerbations, which exhibit features of Th2-type inflammation. Here, we investigated the effects of epithelial-derived media and viral stimuli on IL-33 expression in human BSMCs. METHODS Primary human BSMCs from healthy (n = 3) and asthmatic (n = 3) subjects were stimulated with conditioned media from primary human bronchial epithelial cells (BECs), double-stranded (ds)RNA, dsRNA/LyoVec, or infected with RV. BSMCs were also pretreated with the purinergic receptor antagonist suramin. IL-33 expression was analysed by RT-qPCR and western blot and ATP levels were determined in cell supernatants. RESULTS RV infection and activation of TLR3 by dsRNA increased IL-33 mRNA and protein in healthy and asthmatic BSMCs. These effects were inhibited by dexamethasone. BSMC expression of IL-33 was also increased by stimulation of RIG-I-like receptors using dsRNA/LyoVec. Conditioned media from BECs induced BSMC expression of IL-33, which was further enhanced by dsRNA. BEC-derived medium and viral-stimulated BSMC supernatants exhibited elevated ATP levels. Blocking of purinergic signalling with suramin inhibited BSMC expression of IL-33 induced by dsRNA and BEC-derived medium. CONCLUSIONS RV infection of BSMCs and activation of TLR3 and RIG-I-like receptors cause expression and production of IL-33. Epithelial-released factor(s) increase BSMC expression of IL-33 and exhibit positive interaction with dsRNA. Increased BSMC IL-33 associates with ATP release and is antagonised by suramin. We suggest that epithelial-derived factors contribute to baseline BSMC IL-33 production, which is further augmented by RV infection of BSMCs and stimulation of their pathogen-recognising receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Calvén
- Division of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Division of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mandy Menzel
- Division of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Cemil Korcan Ayata
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Division of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lena Uller
- Division of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D12, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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Wu L, Dai J, Zhao X, Chen Y, Wang G, Li K. Chloroquine enhances replication of influenza A virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) in dose-, time-, and MOI-dependent manners in human lung epithelial cells A549. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1096-103. [PMID: 25715935 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Anti-malaria drug, chloroquine, has been reported to be effective against influenza A virus (IAV) in vitro and used in in-vivo experiments and clinical trial for prevention or treatment of influenza. In this study, it has been shown by immunofluorescence, hemagglutination, and plaque assays that chloroquine enhanced A/WSN/33 (H1N1) replication with pronounced cytopathic effect in dose-, time-, and MOI-dependent manners in human lung epithelial cells A549. Time-of-addition assay showed that inhibitory effect on virus replication by chloroquine pre-treatment was indistinctive, and virus productions were enhanced when the drug was applied after viral adsorption. The effectiveness of chloroquine as an anti-influenza drug is questioned, and caution in its use is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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21
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Voigt EA, Yin J. Kinetic Differences and Synergistic Antiviral Effects Between Type I and Type III Interferon Signaling Indicate Pathway Independence. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:734-47. [PMID: 25938799 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2015.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of acute respiratory viral infections is controlled by type I and III interferon (IFN) signaling. While the mechanisms of type I IFN signaling have been studied in detail, features that distinguish type III IFN signaling remain poorly understood. Type III IFNs play an essential role in limiting infections of intestinal and respiratory epithelial surfaces; however, type III IFNs have been shown to activate similar genes to type I IFNs, raising the question of how these IFNs differ and their signals interact. We measured the kinetics of type I and III IFN activation, functional stability, and downstream antiviral responses on A549 human lung epithelial cells. Similar kinetics were found for transcriptional upregulation and secretion of type I and III IFNs in response to infection by an RNA virus, peaking at 12 h postinfection, and both protein types had similar stabilities with functional half-lives extending beyond 2 days. Both IFNs activated potent cellular antiviral responses; however, responses to type III IFNs were delayed by 2-6 h relative to type I IFN responses. Combined treatments with type I and III IFNs produced enhanced antiviral effects, and quantitative analysis of these data with a Bliss interaction model provides evidence for independence of type I and III IFN downstream signaling pathways. This novel synergistic interaction has therapeutic implications for treatment of respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Voigt
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.,2 Systems Biology Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John Yin
- 1 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.,2 Systems Biology Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery , Madison, Wisconsin
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Nellimarla S, Mossman KL. Extracellular dsRNA: its function and mechanism of cellular uptake. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 34:419-26. [PMID: 24905198 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is arguably the most potent viral trigger of innate immune signaling. Its activity has been recognized for over 5 decades, first as a toxin, then as a central component of the interferon system, as an efficient activator of antiviral responses and an immunomodulator for therapeutic applications. Nucleic acid sensing is the main basis for antiviral defense systems throughout the diverse forms of life from bacteria to plants and animals. Pattern recognition receptors of the host defense system not only sense viral dsRNA as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern in infected cells, but also recognize circulating endogenous dsRNA, a nonmicrobial signal, as a danger-associated molecular pattern, often leading to autoimmunity. Despite the effects of extracellular viral and host dsRNA associated with infection and autoimmunity, respectively, the understanding of cellular mechanisms for its recognition and uptake has only been appreciated in recent years. This review presents an overview of this unique form of nucleic acid, addressing its roles in infection, autoimmunity, and host sensing mechanisms. The goal of this review is to highlight the novel findings with a focus on extracellular recognition and uptake by the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nellimarla
- 1 Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Sagar S, Akbarshahi H, Uller L. Translational value of animal models of asthma: Challenges and promises. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:272-7. [PMID: 25823808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease in which various environmental stimuli as well as different genes, cell types, cytokines and mediators are implicated. This chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways is estimated to affect as many as 300 million people worldwide. Animal models of asthma, despite their limitations, have contributed greatly to our understanding of disease pathology and the identification of key processes, cells and mediators in asthma. However, it is less likely to develop an animal model of asthma that takes into account all aspects of human disease. The focus in current asthma research is increasingly on severe asthma because this group of patients is not well treated today. Recent advances in studies of asthma exacerbation are thus considered. We therefore need to develop translational model systems for pharmacological evaluation and molecular target discovery of severe asthma and asthma exacerbations. In this review we attempted to discuss the different animal models of asthma, with special emphasis on ovalbumin and house dust mite models, their merits and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seil Sagar
- Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden.
| | - Hamid Akbarshahi
- Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Lena Uller
- Unit of Respiratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
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Reid E, Charleston B. Type I and III interferon production in response to RNA viruses. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:649-58. [PMID: 24956361 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of RNA viruses is closely linked to the type I and type III interferon (IFN) response of the host. These viruses display a range of molecular patterns that may be detected by host cells resulting in the induction of IFNs. Consequently, there are many examples of mechanisms employed by RNA viruses to block or delay IFN induction and reduce the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), a necessary step in the virus lifecycle because of the capacity of IFNs to block virus replication. Efficient transmission of viruses depends, in part, on maintaining a balance between virus replication and host survival; specialized host cells, such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells, can sense viral molecular patterns and produce IFNs to help maintain this balance. There are now many examples of RNA viruses inducing type I and type III IFNs, and although these IFNs act through different receptors, in many systems studied, they induce a similar spectrum of genes. However, there may be a difference in the temporal expression pattern, with more prolonged expression of ISGs in response to type III IFN compared with type I IFN. There are also examples of synergy between type I and type III IFNs to induce antiviral responses. Clearly, it is important to understand the different roles of these IFNs in the antiviral response in vivo. One of the most striking differences between these 2 IFN systems is the distribution of the receptors: type I IFN receptors are expressed on most cells, yet type III receptor expression is restricted primarily to epithelial cells but has also been demonstrated on other cells, including dendritic cells. There is increasing evidence that type III IFNs are a key control mechanism against RNA viruses that infect respiratory and enteric epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Reid
- Viral Immunology, The Pirbright Institute , Surrey, United Kingdom
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Kroeker AL, Coombs KM. Systems biology unravels interferon responses to respiratory virus infections. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:12-25. [PMID: 24600511 PMCID: PMC3942539 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon production is an important defence against viral replication and its activation is an attractive therapeutic target. However, it has long been known that viruses perpetually evolve a multitude of strategies to evade these host immune responses. In recent years there has been an explosion of information on virus-induced alterations of the host immune response that have resulted from data-rich omics technologies. Unravelling how these systems interact and determining the overall outcome of the host response to viral infection will play an important role in future treatment and vaccine development. In this review we focus primarily on the interferon pathway and its regulation as well as mechanisms by which respiratory RNA viruses interfere with its signalling capacity.
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Wagener AH, Zwinderman AH, Luiten S, Fokkens WJ, Bel EH, Sterk PJ, van Drunen CM. dsRNA-induced changes in gene expression profiles of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells from patients with asthma, rhinitis and controls. Respir Res 2014; 15:9. [PMID: 24475887 PMCID: PMC3916078 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhinovirus infections are the most common cause of asthma exacerbations. The complex responses by airway epithelium to rhinovirus can be captured by gene expression profiling. We hypothesized that: a) upper and lower airway epithelium exhibit differential responses to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and b) that this is modulated by the presence of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Objectives Identification of dsRNA-induced gene expression profiles of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells from the same individuals and examining the impact of allergic rhinitis with and without concomitant allergic asthma on expression profiles. Methods This study had a cross-sectional design including 18 subjects: 6 patients with allergic asthma with concomitant rhinitis, 6 patients with allergic rhinitis, and 6 healthy controls. Comparing 6 subjects per group, the estimated false discovery rate was approximately 5%. RNA was extracted from isolated and cultured primary epithelial cells from nasal biopsies and bronchial brushings stimulated with dsRNA (poly(I:C)), and analyzed by microarray (Affymetrix U133+ PM Genechip Array). Data were analysed using R and the Bioconductor Limma package. Overrepresentation of gene ontology groups were captured by GeneSpring GX12. Results In total, 17 subjects completed the study successfully (6 allergic asthma with rhinitis, 5 allergic rhinitis, 6 healthy controls). dsRNA-stimulated upper and lower airway epithelium from asthma patients demonstrated significantly fewer induced genes, exhibiting reduced down-regulation of mitochondrial genes. The majority of genes related to viral responses appeared to be similarly induced in upper and lower airways in all groups. However, the induction of several interferon-related genes (IRF3, IFNAR1, IFNB1, IFNGR1, IL28B) was impaired in patients with asthma. Conclusions dsRNA differentially changes transcriptional profiles of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells from patients with allergic rhinitis with or without asthma and controls. Our data suggest that respiratory viruses affect mitochondrial genes, and we identified disease-specific genes that provide potential targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane H Wagener
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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