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Li X, Duan X, Wang W. MEG3 polymorphisms associated with peripheral blood leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number in PAHs-exposure workers. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140335. [PMID: 37778642 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with reduced mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN). Long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is involved in mitochondrial function regulation. However, it is unknown whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the MEG3 can regulate the mtDNAcn in PAHs exposed populations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of MEG3 genetic polymorphisms on the mtDNA-CN in PAHs exposed populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 544 coke oven workers and 238 controls using random cluster sampling. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the concentrations of four OH-PAHs (1-hydroxypyrene [1-OHPyr], 1-hydroxynathalene [1-OHNap], 2-hydroxynathalene [2-OHNap], and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene [3-OHPhe]) in urine. The mtDNA-CN of peripheral blood leukocytes was measured using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Sequenom Mass ARRAY matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry platform was used to detect ten polymorphisms in MEG3. RESULTS The OH-PAHs levels in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001). The mtDNA-CN in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). A linear regression model revealed that PAHs-exposure (β [95% confidence interval, CI], -0.428 [-0.475, -0.381], P < 0.001), male gender (-0.052 [-0.098, -0.005], P = 0.029), genotype TT for MEG3 rs11859 (-0.088 [-0.142, -0.035], P = 0.001), and genotype GG for MEG3 rs7155428 (-0.114 [-0.210, -0.017], P = 0.021) were associated with decreased mtDNA-CN. CONCLUSION PAHs-exposure, male gender, genotype TT for rs11859, and genotype GG for rs7155428 were risk factors for mtDNA-CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.
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Liu X, Li X, Wei W, Fan Y, Guo Z, Duan X, Zhou X, Yang Y, Wang W. The polymorphisms in cGAS-STING pathway are associated with mitochondrial DNA copy number in coke oven workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1070-1080. [PMID: 35546785 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2071418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the interaction effects of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and variants in cGAS-STING genes on mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in workers. METHODS The mtDNAcn was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase-chain reaction in 544 PAHs-exposed workers and 238 office workers. The polymorphisms were detected by flight mass spectrometry. RESULTS The mtDNAcn in PAHs exposure group was significantly lower than non-occupational exposure population (P < 0.00). The cGAS rs610913 CA+AA had significant interaction effects with STING rs11554776 GG+GA (P = 0.035), rs7380824 CC+CT (P = 0.026), and rs78233829 GC+CC (P = 0.034) on mtDNAcn. The generalized linear model results showed that the influencing factors of mtDNAcn include PAHs exposure (P < 0.001) and the interaction of PAHs exposure and cGAS rs 311678 AA+AG (P = 0.047). CONCLUSION The influencing factors of mtDNAcn include PAHs exposure and the interaction of PAHs exposure and cGAS rs 311678 AA+AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinling Li
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yahui Fan
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhifeng Guo
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational health and Occupational diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Gu S, Fu L, Wang J, Sun X, Wang X, Lou J, Zhao M, Wang C, Zhang Q. MtDNA Copy Number in Oral Epithelial Cells Serves as a Potential Biomarker of Mitochondrial Damage by Neonicotinoid Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15816-15824. [PMID: 37819077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
As the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) has been reported to be a biomarker for mtDNA damage in honeybees when exposed to sublethal neonicotinoids, the feasibility of using human mitochondria as a predictor upon neonicotinoid exposure remains elusive. This study investigated the association between the urinary neonicotinoid and the relative mtDNAcn (RmtDNAcn) of oral epithelial cells collected in a cross-sectional study with repeated measurements over 6 weeks. The molecular mechanism underlying neonicotinoid-caused mitochondrial damage was also examined by in vitro assay. Herein, the average integrated urinary neonicotinoid (IMIRPF) concentration ranged from 8.01 to 13.70 μg/L (specific gravity-adjusted) during the sampling period. Concomitantly, with an increase in the urinary IMIRPF, the RmtDNAcn significantly increased from 1.20 (low group) to 1.93 (high group), indicating potential dose-dependent mitochondrial damage. Furthermore, the linear regression analysis confirmed the significant correlation between the IMIRPF and RmtDNAcn. Results from in vitro assays demonstrated that neonicotinoid exposure led to the inhibition of the genes encoding mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes I and III (e.g., ND2, ND6, CytB, and CYC1), accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species production in SH-SY5Y cells. Conjointly, neonicotinoid exposure led to mitochondrial dysfunction and a resulting increase in the RmtDNAcn, which may serve as a plausible biomarker in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Lili Fu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- School of Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
| | - Cui Wang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China
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Environmental Chemical Exposures and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: a Review of Recent Literature. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:631-649. [PMID: 35902457 PMCID: PMC9729331 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mitochondria play various roles that are important for cell function and survival; therefore, significant mitochondrial dysfunction may have chronic consequences that extend beyond the cell. Mitochondria are already susceptible to damage, which may be exacerbated by environmental exposures. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the recent literature (2012-2022) looking at the effects of six ubiquitous classes of compounds on mitochondrial dysfunction in human populations. RECENT FINDINGS The literature suggests that there are a number of biomarkers that are commonly used to identify mitochondrial dysfunction, each with certain advantages and limitations. Classes of environmental toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, air pollutants, heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting compounds, pesticides, and nanomaterials can damage the mitochondria in varied ways, with changes in mtDNA copy number and measures of oxidative damage the most commonly measured in human populations. Other significant biomarkers include changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium levels, and ATP levels. This review identifies the biomarkers that are commonly used to characterize mitochondrial dysfunction but suggests that emerging mitochondrial biomarkers, such as cell-free mitochondria and blood cardiolipin levels, may provide greater insight into the impacts of exposures on mitochondrial function. This review identifies that the mtDNA copy number and measures of oxidative damage are commonly used to characterize mitochondrial dysfunction, but suggests using novel approaches in addition to well-characterized ones to create standardized protocols. We identified a dearth of studies on mitochondrial dysfunction in human populations exposed to metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pesticides, and nanoparticles as a gap in knowledge that needs attention.
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Çağlar Çil Ö, Metin ÖK, Çayır A. Evaluation of Mitochondrial Copy Number in Thyroid Disorders. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:711-717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Vozdova M, Kubickova S, Rubes J. Spectrum of sperm mtDNA deletions in men exposed to industrial air pollution. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 882:503538. [PMID: 36155140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sperm mtDNA status can serve as a molecular marker of oxidative stress and environmental exposure. High levels of air pollution may be associated with increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion rates in sperm. We compared the length spectra of sperm mtDNA deletions in semen samples collected from city policemen exposed to traffic and industrial air pollution in two seasons with different levels of air pollution. We used long-range PCR to amplify a fragment of mtDNA (8066 bp) frequently affected by deletions, visualized the PCR products by gel electrophoresis, and analysed aberrant bands corresponding to deleted mtDNA, using gel documentation software. The predominance of undeleted sperm mtDNA was accompanied by a variety of shorter PCR product lengths in the vast majority of sperm samples, in both seasons. Sperm mtDNA molecules and bands corresponding to long deletions were more frequently detected than shorter deletions, in both seasons. We did not detect any difference in the total number of electrophoretic bands corresponding to deleted sperm mtDNA and in the number of deleted sperm mtDNA molecules between the two seasons. In our study, air pollution during sperm maturation did not induce formation of large mtDNA deletions detectable by long PCR and gel electrophoresis (>1 kb) in maturing sperm mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miluse Vozdova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Central European Institute of Technology - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Wang Y, Tan J, Wang W, Duan X, Lappe B, Shi L, Yang Y, Shi X. The Association Between Polymorphisms in Cell-Cycle Genes and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Coke Oven Workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:904856. [PMID: 35865244 PMCID: PMC9294400 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.904856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is a vital component in maintaining normal mitochondrial function. It is affected by environmental and occupational exposures, as well as polymorphisms in nuclear genes. Nonetheless, the specific roles of polymorphisms in cell-cycle genes and mtDNA copy number are still unknown. This study enrolled a sample of 544 coke oven workers and 238 non-exposed controls so as to assess the effect of exposure of coke oven emissions (COEs) and polymorphisms in cell-cycle genes on the mtDNA copy number. We found that the mtDNA copy number in the exposed group (0.60 ± 0.29) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.03 ± 0.31) (t =18.931, P < 0.001). The analysis of covariance showed that both the rs1801270 (CA+CC) and the rs1059234 (CT+CC) in p21 gene were associated with lower mtDNA copy number in the exposed group (P = 0.001). Generalized linear models indicated COEs-exposure (β = -0.432, P < 0.001) and rs1059234 (CT+CC) in p21 gene (β = -0.060, P = 0.024) were the factors in mtDNA copy number reduction. In conclusion, this study suggests that the decrease of the mtDNA copy number is associated with COEs-exposure and the rs1059234 (CT+CC) in the p21 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiebing Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Brooke Lappe
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yongli Yang
| | - Xuezhong Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Xuezhong Shi
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Association between sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletion rate and industrial air pollution dynamics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8324. [PMID: 35585108 PMCID: PMC9117192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of air pollution on men's reproductive health can be monitored by evaluating semen quality and sperm DNA damage. We used real-time PCR to analyse the effects of air pollution on sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and deletion (mtDNAdel) rates in semen samples collected from 54 men in two seasons with different levels of industrial and traffic air pollution. MtDNAdel rates were significantly higher following the high exposure period and were positively correlated with mtDNAcn. However, we did not find any difference in mtDNAcn between the two seasons. MtDNAcn was positively correlated with the DNA fragmentation index and the rates of sperm with chromatin condensation defects, previously assessed by sperm chromatin structure assay, and negatively correlated with sperm concentration, progressive motility, viability, and normal morphology. This indicates that mtDNAcn is more closely associated with male fertility than mtDNAdel rates. In contrast, mtDNAdel might be a more sensitive biomarker of air pollution exposure in urban industrial environments.
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Sivakumar B, Kurian GA. Mitochondria and traffic-related air pollution linked coronary artery calcification: exploring the missing link. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 36:545-563. [PMID: 34821115 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuing increase in the exposure to Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) in the general population is predicted to result in a higher incidence of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease. The chronic exposure of air particulate matter from TRAP upon the vascular system leads to the enhancement of deposition of calcium in the vasculature leading to coronary artery calcification (CAC), triggered by inflammatory reactions and endothelial dysfunction. This calcification forms within the intimal and medial layers of vasculature and the underlying mechanism that connects the trigger from TRAP is not well explored. Several local and systemic factors participate in this active process including inflammatory response, hyperlipidemia, presence of self-programmed death bodies and high calcium-phosphate concentrations. These factors along with the loss of molecules that inhibit calcification and circulating nucleation complexes influence the development of calcification in the vasculature. The loss of defense to prevent osteogenic transition linked to micro organelle dysfunction that includes deteriorated mitochondria, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress, and defective mitophagy. In this review, we examine the contributory role of mitochondria involved in the mechanism of TRAP linked CAC development. Further we examine whether TRAP is an inducer or trigger for the enhanced progression of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Sivakumar
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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Cheng S, Zhang H, Wang P, Zou K, Duan X, Wang S, Yang Y, Shi L, Wang W. Benchmark dose analysis for PAHs hydroxyl metabolites in urine based on mitochondrial damage of peripheral blood leucocytes in coke oven workers in China. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:103675. [PMID: 34033865 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to explore the dose-response relationship between occupational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and mitochondrial damage in coke oven plants workers. METHODS 544 workers and 238 healthy people were recruited. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the level of 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene. The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). The benchmark dose software was used to analyze the benchmark dose. RESULTS The mtDNAcn in the exposure group was lower than that in the control group. The concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene in the exposure group were higher than those in the control group. There is a dose-response relationship between 1-hydroxypyrene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene and mitochondrial DNA damage. The benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) of 1-hydroxypyrene were 0.045, 0.004, and 0.058 pg/μg creatinine in the total, male, and female population, respectively. The BMDL of 3-hydroxyphenanthrene were 5.142, 6.099, and 2.807 pg/μg creatinine in the total, male, and female population, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The BMDL of 1-hydroxypyrene and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene initially explored can provide a reference to establish occupational exposure biological limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaili Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sihua Wang
- Henan Provincial Institute of Occupational Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China.
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Fukunaga H. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126634. [PMID: 34205712 PMCID: PMC8235559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to contribute to mitochondrial diseases, as well as to a variety of aging-based pathologies. Mitochondria have their own genomes (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)) and the abnormalities, such as point mutations, deletions, and copy number variations, are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction. In recent years, several epidemiological studies and animal experiments have supported the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory, which states that the environment during fetal life influences the predisposition to disease and the risk of morbidity in adulthood. Mitochondria play a central role in energy production, as well as in various cellular functions, such as apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and calcium metabolism. In terms of the DOHaD theory, mtDNA copy number may be a mediator of health and disease. This paper summarizes the results of recent epidemiological studies on the relationship between environmental factors and mtDNA copy number during pregnancy from the perspective of DOHaD theory. The results of these studies suggest a hypothesis that mtDNA copy number may reflect environmental influences during fetal life and possibly serve as a surrogate marker of health risks in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Fukunaga
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Li X, Duan X, Zhang H, Ding M, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yao W, Zhou X, Wang W. Genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzyme genes associated with leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number in PAHs exposure workers. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1361. [PMID: 33788425 PMCID: PMC8388165 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure had been reported to be a risk factor of mtDNAcn in our early study. However, the effect of metabolic enzymes' genetic polymorphisms on mtDNAcn in PAHs-Exposure workers has not been fully evaluated. AIM The aim of the study was to explore the effect of metabolic enzymes' genetic polymorphisms on mtDNAcn in PAHs-Exposure. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the effects of metabolic enzymes' genetic polymorphisms on mtDNAcn among 544 coke oven workers and 238 office staffs. The mtDNAcn of peripheral blood leukocytes was measured using the Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. PCR and restriction fragment length was used to detect five polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1 rs1695, CYP2E1 rs6413432, and CYP2E1 rs3813867. The mtDNAcn in peripheral blood leukocytes was significantly lower in the exposure group than that in the control group (p < .001). The 1-OHPYR had an increasing trend with the genotypes AA→AG → GG of GSTP1 rs1695 in the control group. Generalized linear model indicated that the influencing factors of mtDNAcn were PAHs-exposure [β (95% CI) = -0.420 (-0.469, -0.372), p < .001], male [β (95% CI) = -0.058 (-0.103, -0.012), p = .013], and AA genotype for GSTP1 rs1695 [β (95% CI) = -0.051 (-0.095, -0.008), p = .020]. CONCLUSION The individuals carrying the AA genotype of GSTP1 rs1695 may have a lower mtDNAcn due to their weaker detoxification of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingcui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Safety Management Department of Anyang Iron and Steel Group Company, Anyang, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Health Inspection of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
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Snyder RJ, Kleeberger SR. Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1485-1499. [PMID: 33577124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome is a small, circular, and highly conserved piece of DNA which encodes only 13 protein subunits yet is vital for electron transport in the mitochondrion and, therefore, vital for the existence of multicellular life on Earth. Despite this importance, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located in one of the least-protected areas of the cell, exposing it to high concentrations of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and threat from exogenous substances and pathogens. Until recently, the quality control mechanisms which ensured the stability of the nuclear genome were thought to be minimal or nonexistent in the mitochondria, and the thousands of redundant copies of mtDNA in each cell were believed to be the primary mechanism of protecting these genes. However, a vast network of mechanisms has been discovered that repair mtDNA lesions, replace and recycle mitochondrial chromosomes, and conduct alternate RNA processing for previously undescribed mitochondrial proteins. New mtDNA/RNA-dependent signaling pathways reveal a mostly undiscovered biochemical landscape in which the mitochondria interface with their host cells/organisms. As the myriad ways in which the function of the mitochondrial genome can affect human health have become increasingly apparent, the use of mitogenomic biomarkers (such as copy number and heteroplasmy) as toxicological endpoints has become more widely accepted. In this article, we examine several pathologies of human airway epithelium, including particle exposures, inflammatory diseases, and hyperoxia, and discuss the role of mitochondrial genotoxicity in the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of these conditions. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1485-1499, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Snyder
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Pavanello S, Campisi M, Mastrangelo G, Hoxha M, Bollati V. The effects of everyday-life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on biological age indicators. Environ Health 2020; 19:128. [PMID: 33272294 PMCID: PMC7713168 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Further knowledge on modifiable aging risk factors is required to mitigate the increasing burden of age-related diseases in a rapidly growing global demographic of elderly individuals. We explored the effect of everyday exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are fundamental constituents of air pollution, on cellular biological aging. This was determined via the analysis of leukocyte telomere length (LTL), mitochondrial DNA copy number (LmtDNAcn), and by the formation of anti-benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide (B[a]PDE-DNA) adducts. METHODS The study population consisted of 585 individuals living in North-East Italy. PAH exposure (diet, indoor activities, outdoor activities, traffic, and residential exposure) and smoking behavior were assessed by questionnaire and anti-B[a]PDE-DNA by high-performance-liquid-chromatography. LTL, LmtDNAcn and genetic polymorphisms [glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 (GSTM1; GSTT1)] were measured by polymerase chain reaction. Structural equation modelling analysis evaluated these complex relationships. RESULTS Anti-B[a]PDE-DNA enhanced with PAH exposure (p = 0.005) and active smoking (p = 0.0001), whereas decreased with detoxifying GSTM1 (p = 0.021) and in females (p = 0.0001). Subsequently, LTL and LmtDNAcn reduced with anti-B[a]PDE-DNA (p = 0.028 and p = 0.018), particularly in males (p = 0.006 and p = 0.0001). Only LTL shortened with age (p = 0.001) while elongated with active smoking (p = 0.0001). Besides this, the most significant determinants of PAH exposure that raised anti-B[a]PDE-DNA were indoor and diet (p = 0.0001), the least was outdoor (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION New findings stemming from our study suggest that certain preventable everyday life exposures to PAHs reduce LTL and LmtDNAcn. In particular, the clear association with indoor activities, diet, and gender opens new perspectives for tailored preventive measures in age-related diseases. CAPSULE Everyday life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reduces leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number through anti-B[a]PDE-DNA adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pavanello
- Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio- Toraco- Vascolari e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Unità di Medicina del Lavoro, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuela Campisi
- Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio- Toraco- Vascolari e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio- Toraco- Vascolari e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mirjam Hoxha
- EPIGET – Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET – Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Preventiva, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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15
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Cao X, Li J, Cheng L, Deng Y, Li Y, Yan Z, Duan L, Yang J, Niu Q, Perera F, Nie J, Tang D. The associations between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites, umbilical cord blood mitochondrial DNA copy number, and children's neurobehavioral development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114594. [PMID: 32504974 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during pregnancy is a risk factor for adverse neurobehavioral development outcomes. Mitochondrial DNA are sensitive to environmental toxicants due to the limited ability of repairing. The change of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) might be a biologically mechanism linking PAH exposure and children's neurobehavioral impairment. Our aims are to explore whether PAH metabolites in maternal urine were associated with children's neurobehavioral development at 2 years old and umbilical cord blood mtDNAcn, and whether mtDNAcn was a mediator of PAH-related neurobehavioral development. We included 158 non-smoking pregnant women from Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Maternal urinary eleven PAH metabolites were detected by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). MtDNAcn in cord blood was detected by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Children's neurodevelopment was measured by Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) when children were two years age. Generalized linear models and restricted cubic spline models were applied to assess the relationships between PAH metabolites in maternal urine and GDS scores and mtDNAcn. A mediation analysis was also conducted. Generalized linear models showed the relationships of sum of PAH metabolites (Σ-OHPAHs) in maternal urine with decreased motor score, and Σ-OHPAHs with increased mtDNAcn (p for trend < 0.05). Urinary levels of Ln (Σ-OHPAHs) increased one unit was related to a 2.08 decreased in motor scores, and Ln (Σ-OHPAHs) increased one unit was related to 0.15 increased in mtDNAcn. Mediation analysis did not find mtDNAcn can be a mediator between PAH metabolites and neurobehavioral development. Our results suggest that prenatal exposure to PAH decreased children's neurobehavioral development scores and increased mtDNAcn. And reducing exposure to PAH during pregnancy will benefit to improving neurobehavioral development in children. In our present cohort study, sum of PAH metabolites in urine of pregnant women were related with motor score and were positively associated with umbilical cord blood mtDNA copy number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yunjun Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yanning Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Frederica Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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16
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Manevski M, Muthumalage T, Devadoss D, Sundar IK, Wang Q, Singh KP, Unwalla HJ, Chand HS, Rahman I. Cellular stress responses and dysfunctional Mitochondrial-cellular senescence, and therapeutics in chronic respiratory diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101443. [PMID: 32037306 PMCID: PMC7251248 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal inflammatory responses due to the lung tissue damage and ineffective repair/resolution in response to the inhaled toxicants result in the pathological changes associated with chronic respiratory diseases. Investigation of such pathophysiological mechanisms provides the opportunity to develop the molecular phenotype-specific diagnostic assays and could help in designing the personalized medicine-based therapeutic approaches against these prevalent diseases. As the central hubs of cell metabolism and energetics, mitochondria integrate cellular responses and interorganellar signaling pathways to maintain cellular and extracellular redox status and the cellular senescence that dictate the lung tissue responses. Specifically, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis, the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) crosstalk is disrupted by the inhaled toxicants such as the combustible and emerging electronic nicotine-delivery system (ENDS) tobacco products. Thus, the recent research efforts have focused on understanding how the mitochondria-ER dysfunctions and oxidative stress responses can be targeted to improve inflammatory and cellular dysfunctions associated with these pathologic illnesses that are exacerbated by viral infections. The present review assesses the importance of these redox signaling and cellular senescence pathways that describe the role of mitochondria and ER on the development and function of lung epithelial responses, highlighting the cause and effect associations that reflect the disease pathogenesis and possible intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Manevski
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dinesh Devadoss
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kameshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hoshang J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Omidian K, Rafiei H, Bandy B. Increased mitochondrial content and function by resveratrol and select flavonoids protects against benzo[a]pyrene-induced bioenergetic dysfunction and ROS generation in a cell model of neoplastic transformation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:767-775. [PMID: 31972341 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols act in cancer prevention and may inhibit carcinogenesis. A possible mitochondrial mechanism for carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation and chemoprevention by polyphenols, however, is largely unexplored. Using the Bhas 42 cell model of carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation, we investigated benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) along with different polyphenols for their effects on mitochondrial content and function, and on mitochondrial and intracellular ROS generation. Bhas 42 cells were either co-treated with 5 μM polyphenol starting 2 h before exposure to 4 μM B[a]P for 24 or 72 h, or pre-treated with polyphenol for 24 h and removed prior to B[a]P exposure. Exposure to B[a]P decreased mitochondrial content (by 46% after 24 h and 30% after 72 h), decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP, and increased generation of mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular ROS. Polyphenol co-treatments protected against the decreased mitochondrial content, with resveratrol being the most effective (increasing the mitochondrial content after 72 h by 75%). Measurements after 24 h of mRNA for mitochondria-related proteins and of SIRT1 enzyme activity suggested an involvement of increased mitochondrial biogenesis in the polyphenol effects. The polyphenol co-treatments also ameliorated B[a]P-induced deficits in mitochondrial function (most strongly resveratrol), and increases in generation of mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular ROS. Notably, 24 h pre-treatments with polyphenols strongly suppressed subsequent B[a]P-induced increases, after 24 and 72 h, in mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular ROS generation, with resveratrol being the most effective. In conclusion, the results support a mechanism for B[a]P carcinogenesis involving impaired mitochondrial function and increased mitochondria-derived ROS, that can be ameliorated by dietary polyphenols. The evidence supports an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis behind the strong chemoprevention by resveratrol, and a mitochondrial antioxidant effect in chemoprevention by quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Omidian
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Brian Bandy
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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18
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Zhao X, Yang A, Fu Y, Zhang B, Li X, Pan B, Li Q, Dong J, Nie J, Yang J. Reduction of mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood is related to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in coke oven workers: Bayesian kernel machine regression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114026. [PMID: 32006885 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) was researched by traditional linear model extensively, most of these studies analyzed independent effect of each PAHs metabolite and adjust for the confounding other metabolites concomitantly, without considering others interactions. As a complex organic pollutant, a reasonable statistical method is needed to study toxic effects of PAHs. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a novel statistical approach, Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), to explore the effect of PAHs exposure on mtDNAcn among coke oven workers. In this cross-sectional study, the concentrations urinary of PAHs metabolites were measured using high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The mtDNAcn was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in peripheral blood of 696 Chinese coke oven workers. The relationship of urinary of PAHs metabolites and mtDNAcn were evaluated by BKMR model. And the results showed a significant negative effect of PAHs metabolites on mtDNAcn when PAHs metabolites concentrations were all above 35th percentile compared to the median and the statistically significant negative single-exposure effect of 2-OHNAP and 2-OHPHE on mtDNAcn when all of the other PAHs are fixed at a particular threshold (25th, 50th, 75th percentile). The changes in log 2-OHNAP and 2-OHPHE from the 25th to the 75th percentile when other PAHs metabolites were at the 50th percentile were associated with change in mtDNAcn of -0.082 (-0.021, -0.124) and -0.048 (-0.021, -0.090) respectively. And evidence of a linear effect of urinary 2-OHNAP and 2-OHPHE were found. Finally, our findings suggested that PAHs cumulative exposures and particularly single-exposure of 2-OHNAP and 2-OHPHE might compromise mitochondrial function by decreasing mtDNAcn in Chinese coke oven workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Hong Kong Institutes of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ye Fu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuejing Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Baolong Pan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron & Steel (Group) Co., Ltd, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Center of Occupational Disease Prevention, Xishan Coal Electricity (Group) Co., Ltd, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Center of Occupational Disease Prevention, Xishan Coal Electricity (Group) Co., Ltd, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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19
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Pardo M, Qiu X, Zimmermann R, Rudich Y. Particulate Matter Toxicity Is Nrf2 and Mitochondria Dependent: The Roles of Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1110-1120. [PMID: 32302097 PMCID: PMC7304922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Particulate matter
(PM), an important component of air pollution,
induces significant adverse health effects. Many of the observed health
effects caused by inhaled PM are associated with oxidative stress
and inflammation. This association has been linked in particular to
the particles’ chemical components, especially the inorganic/metal
and the organic/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fractions, and
their ability to generate reactive oxygen species in biological systems.
The transcription factor NF-E2 nuclear factor erythroid-related factor
2 (Nrf2) is activated by redox imbalance and regulates the expression
of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Nrf2 plays a key role in preventing
PM-induced toxicity by protecting against oxidative damage and inflammation.
This review focuses on specific PM fractions, particularly the dissolved
metals and PAH fractions, and their roles in inducing oxidative stress
and inflammation in cell and animal models with respect to Nrf2 and
mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Rostock, 18055 Rostock, Germany.,Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics (CMA) Cooperation Group Helmholtz Zentrum, 81379 München, Germany
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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20
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Panajatovic MV, Singh F, Roos NJ, Duthaler U, Handschin C, Krähenbühl S, Bouitbir J. PGC-1α plays a pivotal role in simvastatin-induced exercise impairment in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13402. [PMID: 31605661 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Statins decrease cardiovascular complications, but can induce myopathy. Here, we explored the implication of PGC-1α in statin-associated myotoxicity. METHODS We treated PGC-1α knockout (KO), PGC-1α overexpression (OE) and wild-type (WT) mice orally with 5 mg simvastatin kg-1 day-1 for 3 weeks and assessed muscle function and metabolism. RESULTS In WT and KO mice, but not in OE mice, simvastatin decreased grip strength, maximal running distance and vertical power assessed by ergometry. Post-exercise plasma lactate concentrations were higher in WT and KO compared to OE mice. In glycolytic gastrocnemius, simvastatin decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial ROS production and free radical leak in WT and KO, but not in OE mice. Simvastatin increased mRNA expression of Sod1 and Sod2 in glycolytic and oxidative gastrocnemius of WT, but decreased it in KO mice. OE mice had a higher mitochondrial DNA content in both gastrocnemius than WT or KO mice and simvastatin exhibited a trend to decrease the citrate synthase activity in white and red gastrocnemius in all treatment groups. Simvastatin showed a trend to decrease the mitochondrial volume fraction in both muscle types of all treatment groups. Mitochondria were smaller in WT and KO compared to OE mice and simvastatin further reduced the mitochondrial size in WT and KO mice, but not in OE mice. CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin impairs skeletal muscle function, muscle oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial morphology preferentially in WT and KO mice, whereas OE mice appear to be protected, suggesting a role of PGC-1α in preventing simvastatin-associated myotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljenko Valentin Panajatovic
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - François Singh
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Noëmi Johanna Roos
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Urs Duthaler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT) Basel Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology University Hospital Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT) Basel Switzerland
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21
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Bijnens EM, Derom C, Weyers S, Janssen BG, Thiery E, Nawrot TS. Placental mitochondrial DNA content is associated with childhood intelligence. J Transl Med 2019; 17:361. [PMID: 31703745 PMCID: PMC6839247 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental processes in the placenta and the fetal brain are shaped by the similar biological signals. Evidence accumulates that adaptive responses of the placenta may influence central nervous system development. We hypothesize that placental mtDNA content at birth is associated with intelligence in childhood. In addition, we investigate if intra-pair differences in mtDNA content are associated with intra-pair differences in intelligence. METHODS Relative mtDNA content was measured using qPCR in placental tissue of 375 children of the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey. Intelligence was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) between 8 and 15 years old. We accounted for sex, gestational age, birth weight, birth year, zygosity and chorionicity, cord insertion, age at measurement, indicators of socioeconomic status, smoking during pregnancy, and urban environment. RESULTS In multivariable adjusted mixed modelling analysis, each doubling in placental mtDNA content was associated with 2.0 points (95% CI 0.02 to 3.9; p = 0.05) higher total and 2.3 points (95% CI 0.2 to 4.3; p = 0.03) higher performance IQ in childhood. We observed no association between mtDNA content and verbal intelligence. Intra-pair differences in mtDNA content and IQ were significantly (p = 0.01) correlated in monozygotic-monochorionic twin pairs, showing that the twin with the highest mtDNA content was 1.9 times more likely (p = 0.05) to have the highest IQ. This was not observed in dichorionic twin pairs. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that placental mtDNA content is associated with childhood intelligence. This emphasizes the importance of placental mitochondrial function during in utero life on fetal brain development with long-lasting consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmée M Bijnens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Catherine Derom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Weyers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Evert Thiery
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Hou J, Yin W, Li P, Hu C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang G, Gao E, Zhang J, Wang L, Li T, Wang L, Yu Z, Yuan J. Seasonal modification of the associations of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or phthalates of cellular aging. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109384. [PMID: 31272023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalates link to oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which exert cellular aging. However, modification effect of seasonal factor on the association of PAHs or phthalates exposure with relative telomere length (RTL) or mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) has remained unclear. In this pilot study, 106 subjects were from an urban population (n = 1240) who lived in the two districts in Wuhan city, China. Participants completed physical examinations and provided 191 blood samples for RTL and mtDNA-CN analysis and 627 urine samples for monohydroxylated-PAHs (OH-PAHs) and phthalate metabolites measurements in the winter and summer seasons. We assessed the associations of urinary OH-PAHs or phthalates metabolites with RTL or mtDNA-CN by linear regression analysis and linear mixed-effect models. We found that urinary OH-PAHs were positively associated with mtDNA-CN at lag 2 day and 3-day moving average, but negatively related to RTL at lag 0, lag 1 and lag 2 day and 3-day moving average (p < 0.05). Urinary phthalate metabolites were negatively associated with mtDNA lag 0, lag 1 and lag 2 day and 3-day moving average, but positively related to RTL at lag 0 day (p < 0.05). Seasonal factor modified the association of urinary OH-PAHs with mtDNA-CN as well as urinary phthalate metabolites with RTL. In vitro experiment showed that under certain conditions, benzo[a]pyrene increased mtDNA-CN at 48 h and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate did RTL at 24 h in HepG2 cells. Seasonal variations in the metabolisms of PAHs or phthalates in human body may affect the relation of PAHs or phthalates exposure with cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenjun Yin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Youjian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Guiyang Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Erwei Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiafei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment and Resources, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China.
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Resveratrol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Supplementation Ameliorates Physical Fatigue by Improving Mitochondrial Quality Control. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has various pharmacological effects; however, few studies have directly addressed the possible antifatigue effects of long-term endurance exercise. The clinical use of RSV is limited by its poor water solubility and extremely short plasma half-life. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are considered as reasonable drug delivery systems to overcome some of these drawbacks and expand its applications. In this study, RSV-SLNs were successfully prepared through emulsification and low-temperature solidification. Results showed that RSV-SLN supplementation effectively enhanced endurance performance. RSV-SLN supplementation might enhance mitochondrial function by ameliorating mitochondrial quality control (QC), which was superior to RSV application. These results revealed an unexpected role of RSV-SLN compared with RSV in terms of linking nutrient deprivation to mitochondrial oxidant production through mitochondrial QC. A mitochondrion-mediated pathway was likely involved in RSV-SLN, thereby improving endurance performance. Overall, this study highlighted new possibilities for anti-physical-fatigue strategies.
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24
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Hu X, Calton MA, Tang S, Vollrath D. Depletion of Mitochondrial DNA in Differentiated Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15355. [PMID: 31653972 PMCID: PMC6814719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of treating differentiated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with didanosine (ddI), which is associated with retinopathy in individuals with HIV/AIDS. We hypothesized that such treatment would cause depletion of mitochondrial DNA and provide insight into the consequences of degradation of RPE mitochondrial function in aging and disease. Treatment of differentiated ARPE-19 or human primary RPE cells with 200 µM ddI for 6–24 days was not cytotoxic but caused up to 60% depletion of mitochondrial DNA, and a similar reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential and NDUFA9 protein abundance. Mitochondrial DNA-depleted RPE cells demonstrated enhanced aerobic glycolysis by extracellular flux analysis, increased AMP kinase activation, reduced mTOR activity, and increased resistance to cell death in response to treatment with the oxidant, sodium iodate. We conclude that ddI-mediated mitochondrial DNA depletion promotes a glycolytic shift in differentiated RPE cells and enhances resistance to oxidative damage. Our use of ddI treatment to induce progressive depletion of mitochondrial DNA in differentiated human RPE cells should be widely applicable for other studies aimed at understanding RPE mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Melissa A Calton
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shibo Tang
- AIER School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,AIER Eye Institute, Changsha, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Douglas Vollrath
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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25
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Bouitbir J, Alshaikhali A, Panajatovic MV, Abegg VF, Paech F, Krähenbühl S. Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a critical role in the cardiotoxicity of sunitinib: Running title: Sunitinib and oxidative stress in hearts. Toxicology 2019; 426:152281. [PMID: 31445075 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib is cardiotoxic, but the mechanisms are not entirely clear. We aimed to enlarge our knowledge about the role of mitochondria in cardiac toxicity of sunitinib in vitro and in vivo. For this reason, we studied the toxicity of sunitinib on cardiac H9c2 cells exposed for 24 h, permeabilized rat cardiac fibers exposed for 15 min and in mice treated orally with sunitinib for 2 weeks (7.5 mg/kg/day). In H9c2 cells exposed for 24 h, sunitinib was more cytotoxic under galactose (favoring mitochondrial metabolism) compared to glucose conditions (favoring glycolysis). Sunitinib dissipated the mitochondrial membrane potential starting at 10 μM under glucose and at 5 μM under galactose conditions. Sunitinib reduced activities of mitochondrial enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC), increased mitochondrial ROS accumulation and decreased the cellular GSH pool. Electron microscopy revealed swollen mitochondria with loss of cristae. Accordingly, sunitinib caused caspase 3 activation and DNA fragmentation in H9c2 cells. Co-exposure with mito-TEMPO (mitochondrial-specific ROS scavenger) for 24 h prevented ATP and GSH depletion, as well as the increases in H2O2 and caspase 3/7 activity observed with sunitinib. In mice, treatment with sunitinib for two weeks increased plasma concentrations of troponin I and creatine kinase MB, indicating cardiomyocyte damage. The activity of enzyme complexes of the ETCwas decreased, mitochondrial ROS were increased and cleavage of caspase 3 was increased, suggesting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, mitochondrial damage with ROS accumulation appears to be an important mechanism of cardiotoxicity associated with sunitinib, eventually leading to apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Abdallah Alshaikhali
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miljenko V Panajatovic
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa F Abegg
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Paech
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Ferrari L, Pavanello S, Bollati V. Molecular and epigenetic markers as promising tools to quantify the effect of occupational exposures and the risk of developing non-communicable diseases. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2019; 110:168-190. [PMID: 31268425 PMCID: PMC7812541 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v110i3.8538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are chronic diseases that are by far the leading cause of death in the world. Many occupational hazards, together with social, economic and demographic factors, have been associated to NCDs development. Genetic susceptibility or environmental exposures alone are not usually sufficient to explain the pathogenesis of NCDs, but can be integrated in a more complex scenario that can result in pathological phenotypes. Epigenetics is a crucial component of this scenario, as its changes are related to specific exposures, therefore potentially able to display the effects of environment on the genome, filling the gap between genetic asset and environment in explaining disease development. To date, the most promising biomarkers have been assessed in occupational cohorts as well as in case/control studies and include DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNA expression, extracellular vesicles, telomere length, and mitochondrial alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, via San Barnaba 8, 20122 Milan, Italy..
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27
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Saenen ND, Provost EB, Cuypers A, Kicinski M, Pieters N, Plusquin M, Vrijens K, De Boever P, Nawrot TS. Child's buccal cell mitochondrial DNA content modifies the association between heart rate variability and recent air pollution exposure at school. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:39-49. [PMID: 30496980 PMCID: PMC6329889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and heart rate variability (HRV) suggest that particulate matter (PM) exposure is associated with reductions in measures of HRV. Mitochondria are sensitive to PM exposure and may represent a biologically relevant underlying mechanism. However, evidence in children is lacking. OBJECTIVES Here we examine whether PM has an influence on children's HRV and evaluate whether mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) reflects individual susceptibility. METHODS Within a panel study in primary school children (aged 9-12 years), we measured HRV in a subset of 60 children on three different days during school-time using four indicators: normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), square root of mean squared difference of normal-to-normal intervals (rMSSD), high frequency (HF), and low frequency (LF). This resulted in a total number of 150 visits (median number of visits per child: 2.5/child). MtDNAc was measured using qPCR in buccal cells. We measured recent PM exposure at the school. Residential 24-hour mean exposure to PM was modelled with a high resolution spatial temporal model. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate the association between HRV and recent PM exposure and potential effect-modification by mtDNAc. RESULTS Children were on average [SD] 9.9 [1.2] years and comprised 39 girls. Median [25th-75th] recent outdoor PM2.5 and PM10 exposure at school was 6.20 [2.8-12.8] μg/m3 and 29.3 [24.7-42.0] μg/m3, respectively. In children with low mtDNAc (25th percentile), we observed for each 10 μg/m3 increment in recent PM2.5 exposure a lowering in the LF parameter with 9.76% (95% CI: -16.9 to -1.99%, p = 0.02; pint = 0.007). Children with high mtDNAc did not show this association. For PM10 exposure, we observed an inverse association with three HRV indicators in children with low mtDNAc: -2.24% (95% CI: -4.27 to -0.16%; p = 0.04; pint = 0.02) for SDNN, -5.67% (95% CI: -10.5 to -0.59%; p = 0.03; pint = 0.04) for HF and -6.64% (95% CI: -10.7 to -2.38%; p = 0.003; pint = 0.005) for LF. CONCLUSIONS HRV is inversely associated with recent PM air pollution, especially in children with low mtDNAc. Our data revealed that mtDNAc determines susceptibility to adverse autonomic effects of recent PM exposure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly D Saenen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Eline B Provost
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Unit Environmental Risk & Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michal Kicinski
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nicky Pieters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Unit Environmental Risk & Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.
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28
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Prenatal Household Air Pollution Alters Cord Blood Mononuclear Cell Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number: Sex-Specific Associations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 16:ijerph16010026. [PMID: 30583542 PMCID: PMC6338880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Associations between prenatal household air pollution (HAP) exposure or cookstove intervention to reduce HAP and cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid copy number (mtDNAcn), an oxidative stress biomarker, are unknown. Materials and Methods: Pregnant women were recruited and randomized to one of two cookstove interventions, including a clean-burning liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove, or control. Prenatal HAP exposure was determined by serial, personal carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. CBMC mtDNAcn was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multivariable linear regression determined associations between prenatal CO and cookstove arm on mtDNAcn. Associations between mtDNAcn and birth outcomes and effect modification by infant sex were explored. Results: LPG users had the lowest CO exposures (p = 0.02 by ANOVA). In boys only, average prenatal CO was inversely associated with mtDNAcn (β = -14.84, SE = 6.41, p = 0.03, per 1ppm increase in CO). When examined by study arm, LPG cookstove had the opposite effect in all children (LPG β = 19.34, SE = 9.72, p = 0.049), but especially boys (β = 30.65, SE = 14.46, p = 0.04), as compared to Control. Increased mtDNAcn was associated with improved birth outcomes. Conclusions: Increased prenatal HAP exposure reduces CBMC mtDNAcn, suggesting cumulative prenatal oxidative stress injury. An LPG stove intervention may reverse this effect. Boys appear most susceptible.
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29
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Inevitable dietary exposure of Benzo[a]pyrene: carcinogenic risk assessment an emerging issues and concerns. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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30
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Demetriou CA, Degli Esposti D, Pullen Fedinick K, Russo F, Robinson O, Vineis P. Filling the gap between chemical carcinogenesis and the hallmarks of cancer: A temporal perspective. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12933. [PMID: 29604052 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is believed to arise through the perturbation of pathways and the order of pathway perturbation events can enhance understanding and evaluation of carcinogenicity. This order has not been examined so far, and this study aimed to fill this gap by attempting to gather evidence on the potential temporal sequence of events in carcinogenesis. DESIGN The methodology followed was to discuss first the temporal sequence of hallmarks of cancer from the point of view of pathological specimens of cancer (essentially branched mutations) and then to consider the hallmarks of cancer that one well-known carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene, can modify. RESULTS Even though the sequential order of driving genetic alterations can vary between and within tumours, the main cancer pathways affected are almost ubiquitous and follow a generally common sequence: resisting cell death, insensitivity to antigrowth signals, sustained proliferation, deregulated energetics, replicative immortality and activation of invasion and metastasis. The first 3 hallmarks can be regarded as almost simultaneous while angiogenesis and avoiding immune destruction are perhaps the only hallmarks with a varying position in the above sequence. CONCLUSIONS Our review of hallmarks of cancer and their temporal sequence, based on mutational spectra in biopsies from different cancer sites, allowed us to propose a hypothetical temporal sequence of the hallmarks. This sequence can add molecular support to the evaluation of an agent as a carcinogen as it can be used as a conceptual framework for organising and evaluating the strength of existing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Federica Russo
- Department of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Torino, Italy
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31
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Haegler P, Joerin L, Krähenbühl S, Bouitbir J. Hepatocellular Toxicity of Imidazole and Triazole Antimycotic Agents. Toxicol Sci 2018; 157:183-195. [PMID: 28329820 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity has been described for all antimycotic azoles currently marketed. A possible mechanism involving mitochondrial dysfunction has been postulated for ketoconazole, but not for the other azoles. The aim of the current investigations was to study the toxicity of different azoles in human cell models and to find out mechanisms of their toxicity. In HepG2 cells, posaconazole and ketoconazole were cytotoxic starting at 20 and 50 µM and decreased the cellular ATP content starting at 5 and 10 µM, respectively. In HepaRG cells, cytotoxicity started at 20 and 100 µM for posaconazole and ketoconazole, respectively, and was slightly accentuated by cytochrome P450 3A4 induction with rifampicin and 1A2 with 3-methylcholantrene. Voriconazole and fluconazole were not cytotoxic. In isolated mouse liver mitochondria, ketoconazole impaired membrane potential and complex I activity, whereas the other azoles were not toxic. In HepG2 cells exposed for 24 h, both posaconazole and ketoconazole (but not fluconazole or voriconazole) decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, impaired the function of enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain, were associated with mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, decreased mitochondrial DNA and induced apoptosis. In HepG2 cells with mitochondrial dysfunction induced by the vitamin B12 antagonist hydroxy-cobalamin[c-lactam], cytotoxicity and/or ATP depletion was more accentuated than in untreated cells. We conclude that ketoconazole and posaconazole are mitochondrial toxicants starting at concentrations, which can be reached in vivo. Cytotoxicity and ATP depletion are more accentuated in cells with mitochondrial damage, suggesting that preexisting mitochondrial dysfunction is a susceptibility factor for hepatotoxicity associated with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Haegler
- Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Joerin
- Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre of Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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32
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Huffman AM, Wu H, Rosati A, Rahil T, Sites CK, Whitcomb BW, Richard Pilsner J. Associations of urinary phthalate metabolites and lipid peroxidation with sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number and deletions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 163:10-15. [PMID: 29421168 PMCID: PMC6171500 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates, a chemical class of plasticizers, are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that have been associated with oxidative stress. Mitochondria DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and DNA deletions (mtDNAdel) are emerging biomarkers for cellular oxidative stress and environment exposures. OBJECTIVES To examine associations of urinary phthalate metabolite and isoprostane concentrations on sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel in male partners undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART). METHODS Ninety-nine sperm samples were collected from male partners undergoing ART at Baystate Medical Center in Springfield, MA as part of the Sperm Environmental Epigenetics and Development Study (SEEDS). Seventeen urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were analyzed by the Centers for Disease Control using tandem mass spectrometry. Urinary 15-F2t-isoprostane concentrations, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, were measured using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A triplex qPCR method was used to determine the relative quantification of mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel. RESULTS Sperm mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel were positively correlated (Spearman rho = 0.31; p = .002). Adjusting for age, BMI, current smoking, race, and measurement batch, urinary monocarboxy-isononyl phthalate (MCNP) concentrations were positively associated with mtDNAcn (β = 1.63, 95% CI: 0.14, 3.11). Other urinary phthalate metabolite and isoprostane concentrations were not associated with sperm mtDNAcn or mtDNAdel. CONCLUSIONS Among this cohort of male ART participants, those with higher MCNP had higher mtDNAcn; other phthalate metabolites and isoprostane were not associated with mtDNAcn and mtDNAdel. Given our relatively small sample size, our results should be interpreted with caution. Future research is needed to replicate the findings in larger studies and among sperm samples obtained from the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Huffman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Allyson Rosati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Tayyab Rahil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Cynthia K Sites
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street, Springfield, MA 01199, United States
| | - Brian W Whitcomb
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - J Richard Pilsner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 686 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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Xu Y, Lindh CH, Jönsson BAG, Broberg K, Albin M. Occupational exposure to asphalt mixture during road paving is related to increased mitochondria DNA copy number: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2018; 17:29. [PMID: 29587765 PMCID: PMC5870390 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asphalt workers are exposed to polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from hot mix asphalt via both inhalation and dermal absorption. The use of crumb rubber modified (CRM) asphalt may result in higher exposure to PAHs and more adverse effects. Our aim is to assess occupational exposure to PAHs from conventional and CRM asphalt paving by measuring PAH metabolites in urine, and to investigate the effects on mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length. METHODS We recruited 116 workers paving conventional asphalt, 51 workers paving CRM asphalt and 100 controls in Sweden, all males. A repeated-measures analysis included 31 workers paving both types of asphalt. Urine and blood samples were collected pre-working on Monday morning and post-working on Thursday afternoon after 4 days working. PAH metabolites: 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-PYR) and 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OH-PH) were measured in urine by LC-MS/MS. Relative mtDNAcn and telomere length were measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Conventional and CRM asphalt workers showed higher 1-OH-PYR and 2-OH-PH than controls (p < 0.001 for all). Relative mtDNAcn were 0.21 units (p < 0.001) higher in conventional asphalt workers and 0.13 units (p = 0.010) higher in CRM asphalt workers compared to controls. Relative telomere length did not differ across occupational groups, but it was positively associated with increment of 2-OH-PH (β = 0.075, p = 0.037) in asphalt workers. The repeated-measures analysis showed no difference in either increment of 1-OH-PYP, or changes in effect biomarkers (mtDNAcn or telomere length) between paving with conventional and CRM asphalt. Increment of 2-OH-PH was smaller after paving with CRM asphalt. CONCLUSIONS Road asphalt paving in open areas resulted in PAHs exposure, as shown by elevation of PAH metabolites in urine. Asphalt workers may experience oxidative stress, evidenced by alternation in mtDNAcn; however the effects could not be fully explained by exposure to PAHs from the asphalt mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Xu
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian H. Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo A. G. Jönsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Unit of Metals & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Albin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The rising toll of chronic and debilitating diseases brought about by the exposure to an ever expanding number of environmental pollutants and socio-economic factors is calling for action. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the effects of environmental exposures can lead to the development of biomarkers that can support the public health fields of both early diagnosis and intervention to limit the burden of environmental diseases. The study of mitochondrial epigenetics carries high hopes to provide important biomarkers of exposure and disease. Mitochondria are in fact on the frontline of the cellular response to the environment. Modifications of the epigenetic factors regulating the mitochondrial activity are emerging as informative tools that can effectively report on the effects of the environment on the phenotype. Here, we will discuss the emerging field of mitochondrial epigenetics. This review describes the main epigenetic phenomena that modify the activity of the mitochondrial DNA including DNA methylation, long and short non-coding RNAs. We will discuss the unique pattern of mitochondrial DNA methylation, describe the challenges of correctly measuring it, and report on the existing studies that have analysed the correlation between environmental exposures and mitochondrial DNA methylation. Finally, we provide a brief account of the therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria currently under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lambertini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levi Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levi Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Hyang-Min Byun
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Ageing Research Laboratory, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Edwardson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
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Wong JYY, Hu W, Downward GS, Seow WJ, Bassig BA, Ji BT, Wei F, Wu G, Li J, He J, Liu CS, Cheng WL, Huang Y, Yang K, Chen Y, Rothman N, Vermeulen RC, Lan Q. Personal exposure to fine particulate matter and benzo[a]pyrene from indoor air pollution and leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number in rural China. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:893-899. [PMID: 28911003 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Households in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, China, possess hazardous levels of fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 microns (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal combustion. Previous studies found that increased exposure to PM2.5 and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP; a PAH) were associated with decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), a marker of oxidative stress. We further evaluated these associations in a cross-sectional study of 148 healthy non-smoking women from Xuanwei and Fuyuan. Personal exposure to PM2.5 and BaP was measured using portable devices. MtDNAcn was measured using qPCR amplification of leukocyte DNA that was collected after air measurements. Linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between personal exposure to PM2.5 and BaP, and mtDNAcn adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI) and fuel type. We found inverse associations between exposure to PM2.5 and BaP, and mtDNAcn. Each incremental log-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a significant decrease in mtDNAcn of -10.3 copies per cell [95% confidence interval (95% CI): -18.6, -2.0; P = 0.02]. Additionally, each log-ng/m3 increase in BaP was associated with a significant decrease in mtDNAcn of -5.4 copies per cell (95% CI: -9.9, -0.8, P = 0.02). Age, BMI, fuel type and coal mine type were not significantly associated with mtDNAcn. Exposure to PM2.5 and BaP may alter mitochondrial dynamics in non-smoking Chinese women. MtDNAcn may be a potential mediator of indoor air pollution on chronic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Y Wong
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - George S Downward
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TD, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 117549, Singapore
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Fusheng Wei
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Wu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihua Li
- Qujing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Sanjiangdadao, Qujing, Yunnan 655099, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Qujing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Sanjiangdadao, Qujing, Yunnan 655099, People's Republic of China
| | - Chin-San Liu
- Department of Neurology and Vascular and Genomic Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 500, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Cheng
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Medicine, Chunghua Christian Hospital, Taipei 500, Taiwan
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyun Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Tumor Hospital), Kunming 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Roel C Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TD, the Netherlands
| | - Qing Lan
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
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Vriens A, Nawrot TS, Baeyens W, Den Hond E, Bruckers L, Covaci A, Croes K, De Craemer S, Govarts E, Lambrechts N, Loots I, Nelen V, Peusens M, De Henauw S, Schoeters G, Plusquin M. Neonatal exposure to environmental pollutants and placental mitochondrial DNA content: A multi-pollutant approach. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 106:60-68. [PMID: 28600986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content can be indicative of oxidative damage to the placenta during fetal development and is responsive to external stressors. In utero exposure to environmental pollutants that may influence placental mtDNA needs further exploration. OBJECTIVES We evaluated if placental mtDNA content is altered by environmental pollution in newborns and identified pollutants independently associated to alterations in placental mtDNA content. METHODS mtDNA content was measured in placental tissue of 233 newborns. Four perfluoroalkyl compounds and nine organochlorine compounds were quantified in cord blood plasma samples and six toxic metals in whole cord blood. We first applied a LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) penalized regression model to identify independent associations between environmental pollutants and placental mtDNA content, without penalization of several covariates. Then adjusted estimates were obtained using an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model evaluating the pollutants' association with placental mtDNA content, adjusted for several covariates. RESULTS Based on LASSO penalized regression, oxychlordane, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, perfluorononanoic acid, arsenic, cadmium and thallium were identified to be independently associated with placental mtDNA content. The OLS model showed a higher placental mtDNA content of 2.71% (95% CI: 0.3 to 5.2%; p=0.03) and 1.41% (0.1 to 2.8%, p=0.04) for a 25% concentration increase of respectively cord blood β-hexachlorocyclohexane and arsenic. For a 25% concentration increase of cord blood thallium, a 4.88% lower placental mtDNA content (95% CI: -9.1 to -0.5%, p=0.03) was observed. CONCLUSION In a multi-pollutant approach, low fetal exposure levels of environmental organic and inorganic pollutants might compromise placental mitochondrial function as exemplified in this study by alterations in mtDNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Vriens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; School of Public Health, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kim Croes
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sam De Craemer
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Govarts
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Lambrechts
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Ilse Loots
- Faculty of Social Sciences and IMDO-Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Martien Peusens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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37
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Winckelmans E, Nawrot TS, Tsamou M, Den Hond E, Baeyens W, Kleinjans J, Lefebvre W, Van Larebeke N, Peusens M, Plusquin M, Reynders H, Schoeters G, Vanpoucke C, de Kok TM, Vrijens K. Transcriptome-wide analyses indicate mitochondrial responses to particulate air pollution exposure. Environ Health 2017; 16:87. [PMID: 28821289 PMCID: PMC5563023 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their lack of repair capacity mitochondria are critical targets for environmental toxicants. We studied genes and pathways reflecting mitochondrial responses to short- and medium-term PM10 exposure. METHODS Whole genome gene expression was measured in peripheral blood of 98 adults (49% women). We performed linear regression analyses stratified by sex and adjusted for individual and temporal characteristics to investigate alterations in gene expression induced by short-term (week before blood sampling) and medium-term (month before blood sampling) PM10 exposure. Overrepresentation analyses (ConsensusPathDB) were performed to identify enriched mitochondrial associated pathways and gene ontology sets. Thirteen Human MitoCarta genes were measured by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) along with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in an independent validation cohort (n = 169, 55.6% women). RESULTS Overrepresentation analyses revealed significant pathways (p-value <0.05) related to mitochondrial genome maintenance and apoptosis for short-term exposure and to the electron transport chain (ETC) for medium-term exposure in women. For men, medium-term PM10 exposure was associated with the Tri Carbonic Acid cycle. In an independent study population, we validated several ETC genes, including UQCRH and COX7C (q-value <0.05), and some genes crucial for the maintenance of the mitochondrial genome, including LONP1 (q-value: 0.07) and POLG (q-value: 0.04) in women. CONCLUSIONS In this exploratory study, we identified mitochondrial genes and pathways associated with particulate air pollution indicating upregulation of energy producing pathways as a potential mechanism to compensate for PM-induced mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Winckelmans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Tsamou
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicolas Van Larebeke
- Department of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martien Peusens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hans Reynders
- Environment, Nature and Energy Department, Flemish Government, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Mol, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Vrijens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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The added value of a surveillance human biomonitoring program: The case of FLEHS in Flanders (Belgium). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2017; 220:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Raftery TD, Jayasundara N, Di Giulio RT. A bioenergetics assay for studying the effects of environmental stressors on mitochondrial function in vivo in zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 192:23-32. [PMID: 27939721 PMCID: PMC5218841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, an integral component of cellular energy metabolism and other key functions, are extremely vulnerable to damage by environmental stressors. Although methods to measure mitochondrial function in vitro exist, sensitive, medium- to high-throughput assays that assess respiration within physiologically-relevant whole organisms are needed to identify drugs and/or chemicals that disrupt mitochondrial function, particularly at sensitive early developmental stages. Consequently, we have developed and optimized an assay to measure mitochondrial bioenergetics in zebrafish larvae using the XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. To prevent larval movement from confounding oxygen consumption measurements, we relied on MS-222-based anesthetization. We obtained stable measurement values in the absence of effects on average oxygen consumption rate and subsequently optimized the use of pharmacological agents for metabolic partitioning. To confirm assay reproducibility we demonstrated that triclosan, a positive control, significantly decreased spare respiratory capacity. We then exposed zebrafish from 5 hours post-fertilization (hpf) to 6days post-fertilization (dpf) to three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) - benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), phenanthrene (Phe), and fluoranthene (FL) - and measured various fundamental parameters of mitochondrial respiratory chain function, including maximal respiration, spare respiratory capacity, mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial respiration. Exposure to all three PAHs decreased spare respiratory capacity and maximal respiration. Additionally, Phe exposure increased non-mitochondrial respiration and FL exposure decreased mitochondrial respiration and increased non-mitochondrial respiration. Overall, this whole organism-based assay provides a platform for examining mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo at critical developmental stages. It has important implications in biomedical sciences, toxicology and ecophysiology, particularly to examine the effects of environmental chemicals and/or drugs on mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara D Raftery
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
| | - Nishad Jayasundara
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Richard T Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
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Haegler P, Grünig D, Berger B, Terracciano L, Krähenbühl S, Bouitbir J. Hepatic Effects of Pharmacological Doses of Hydroxy-Cobalamin[c-lactam] in Mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171026. [PMID: 28135329 PMCID: PMC5279765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin B12 analog hydroxy-cobalamin[c-lactam] (HCCL) impairs hepatic mitochondrial protein synthesis and function of the electron transport chain in rats. We aimed to establish an in vivo model for mitochondrial dysfunction in mice, which could be used to investigate hepatotoxicity of mitochondrial toxicants. In a first step, we performed a dose-finding study in mice treated with HCCL 0.4 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg i.p. for two to four weeks. The plasma methylmalonate concentration was strongly increased at 4 mg/kg starting at three weeks of treatment. We subsequently treated mice daily with 4 mg/kg HCCL i.p. for three weeks and characterized liver function and histology as well as liver mitochondrial function. We found an increase in liver weight in HCCL-treated mice, which was paralleled by hepatocellular accumulation of triglycerides. In liver homogenate of HCCL-treated mice, the complex I activity of the electron transport chain was reduced, most likely explaining hepatocellular triglyceride accumulation. The activity of CPT1 was not affected by methylmalonyl-CoA in isolated liver mitochondria. Despite impaired complex I activity, mitochondrial superoxide anion production was not increased and the hepatocellular glutathione (GSH) pool was maintained. Finally, the mitochondrial DNA content was not altered with HCCL treatment. In conclusion, treatment of mice with HCCL is associated with increased liver weight explained by hepatocellular triglyceride accumulation. Hepatocellular fat accumulation is most likely a consequence of impaired activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The impairment of complex I activity is not strong enough to result in ROS accumulation and reduction of the GSH stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Haegler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Grünig
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Berger
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Swiss Center of Applied Human Toxicology, SCAHT, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute for Pathology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Center of Applied Human Toxicology, SCAHT, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Center of Applied Human Toxicology, SCAHT, Basel, Switzerland
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Photo-pollution stress in skin: Traces of pollutants (PAH and particulate matter) impair redox homeostasis in keratinocytes exposed to UVA1. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 86:162-169. [PMID: 28153538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is likely that skin is exposed to low concentrations of pollutants such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) either through topical penetration by ultrafine particles or by systemic distribution. No precise estimation of pollutants in living skin is available, but literature has reported contamination of blood by PAH at concentrations in the nanomolar range. Some pollutants (PAH for example) are photo-reactive and phototoxic: sunlight and pollution might thus synergistically compromise skin health. OBJECTIVE Here, the biological effects of particulate matter, PM extract and various PAH were compared in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and reconstructed skin model exposed to either daily UV (d-UV 300-400nm) or UVA1 (350-400nm). Impact of pollutants (PM, PAH or PM extract) combined to UV was studied on NHEK by measuring toxicity, redox homeostasis and GSH metabolism in NHEK. METHODS NHEK were exposed to UV from solar simulator (either d-UV or UVA1) combined with pollutants. Viability, clonogenic efficiency, redox homeostasis and GSH metabolism were assessed. RESULTS Pollutants (PAH, PM or PM extract) ±UVA1 irradiation was associated with a significant phototoxic effect that was equal to or greater than that produced by d-UV. This result is interesting considering that UVA1 represents around 80% of daily UV and reaches the dermal-epidermal junction with ease. Moreover, among PAH studied, benzo[a]pyrene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were phototoxic at very low concentrations (nanomolar range) on cultured cells or in reconstructed epidermis and also impaired keratinocyte clonogenic potential at sub-toxic doses. ROS generation within cells and in the inner mitochondrial compartment, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and/or reduced ATP production were also noted. Meanwhile, intracellular glutathione concentrations transiently decreased several hours post-treatment and reduction of its synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine potentiated PAH phototoxicity. Consequently, expression of GSH neo-synthesis genes such as SLC7A11 or GCLc was upregulated several hours post-treatment. CONCLUSION These results obtained using PAH concentrations in the range of those reported in blood of pollution-exposed people suggest that exposure to such a photo-pollution stress, particularly if chronic, may impair cutaneous homeostasis and aggravate sunlight-induced skin damage.
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Ling X, Zhang G, Sun L, Wang Z, Zou P, Gao J, Peng K, Chen Q, Yang H, Zhou N, Cui Z, Zhou Z, Liu J, Cao J, Ao L. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure decreased sperm mitochondrial DNA copy number: A cross-sectional study (MARHCS) in Chongqing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:680-687. [PMID: 27751638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants that have adverse effects on the male reproductive function. Many studies have confirmed that PAHs preferentially accumulate in mitochondria DNA relative to nuclear DNA and disrupt mitochondrial functions. However, it is rare whether exposure to PAHs is associated with mitochondrial damage and dysfunction in sperm. To evaluate the effects of PAHs on sperm mitochondria, we measured mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and mtDNA integrity in 666 individuals from the Male Reproductive Health in Chongqing College Students (MARHCS) study. PAHs exposure was estimated by measuring eight urinary PAH metabolites (1-OHNap, 2-OHNap, 1-OHPhe, 2-OHPhe, 3-OHPhe, 4-OHPhe, 2-OHFlu and 1-OHPyr). The subjects were divided into low, median and high exposure groups using the tertile levels of urinary PAH metabolites. In univariate analyses, the results showed that increased levels of 2-OHPhe, 3-OHPhe, ∑Phe metabolites and 2-OHFlu were found to be associated with decreased sperm mtDNAcn. After adjusting for potential confounders, significantly negative associations of these metabolites remained (p = 0.039, 0.012, 0.01, 0.035, respectively). Each 1 μg/g creatinine increase in 2-OHPhe, 3-OHPhe, ∑Phe metabolites and 2-OHFlu was associated with a decrease in sperm mtDNAcn of 9.427%, 11.488%, 9.635% and 11.692%, respectively. There were no significant associations between urinary PAH metabolites and sperm MMP or mtDNA integrity. The results indicated that the low exposure levels of PAHs can cause abnormities in sperm mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ling
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfang Gao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaige Peng
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Niya Zhou
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihong Cui
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Ao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Peripheral Blood Mitochondrial DNA and Myocardial Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:347-358. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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De Vusser K, Pieters N, Janssen B, Lerut E, Kuypers D, Jochmans I, Monbaliu D, Pirenne J, Nawrot T, Naesens M. Telomere length, cardiovascular risk and arteriosclerosis in human kidneys: an observational cohort study. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:766-75. [PMID: 26539975 PMCID: PMC4637205 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Replicative senescence, associated with telomere shortening, plays an important role in aging and cardiovascular disease. The relation between telomere length, cardiovascular risk, and renal disease is unknown. METHODS Our study consisted of a cohort of 257 kidney donors for transplantation, divided into a test and a validation cohort. We used quantitative RT-PCR to measure relative telomere length (log T/S ratio) in peripheral blood leucocytes, and in kidney biopsies performed prior to implantation. The association between leucocyte and intrarenal telomere length, cardiovascular risk factors, and renal histology, was studied using multiple regression models, adjusted for calendar age, gender and other donor demographics. RESULTS Subjects with intrarenal arteriosclerosis had significantly shorter leucocyte telomere length compared with patients without arteriosclerosis (log T/S ratio -0.3±0.4 vs. 0.1±0.2 with vs. without arteriosclerosis; p=0.0008). Intrarenal arteriosclerosis was associated with shorter telomere length, independent of gender, calendar age, history of hypertension and history of cardiovascular events. For each increase of one standard deviation of the log T/S ratio, the odds for intrarenal arteriosclerosis decreased with 64% (Odds ratio 0.36; 95% CI 0.17-0.77; p=0.02). In accordance with leucocyte telomere length, shorter intrarenal telomere length associated significantly with the presence of renal arteriosclerosis (log T/S ratio -0.04±0.06 vs. 0.08±0.01 with vs. without arteriosclerosis, p=0.007), and not with other histological lesions. INTERPRETATION We demonstrate that arteriosclerosis in smaller intrarenal arteries is associated with shorter telomere length. Our study suggests a central role of replicative senescence in the progression of renovascular disease, independent of calendar age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien De Vusser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicky Pieters
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bram Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Lerut
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Kuypers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ina Jochmans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Abdominal Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Abdominal Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Pirenne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Abdominal Transplantation Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Naesens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Bouitbir J, Haegler P, Singh F, Joerin L, Felser A, Duthaler U, Krähenbühl S. Impaired Exercise Performance and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function in Rats with Secondary Carnitine Deficiency. Front Physiol 2016; 7:345. [PMID: 27559315 PMCID: PMC4978712 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The effects of carnitine depletion upon exercise performance and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function remain largely unexplored. We therefore investigated the effect of N-trimethyl-hydrazine-3-propionate (THP), a carnitine analog inhibiting carnitine biosynthesis and renal carnitine reabsorption, on physical performance and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in rats. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated daily with water (control rats; n = 12) or with 20 mg/100 g body weight THP (n = 12) via oral gavage for 3 weeks. Following treatment, half of the animals of each group performed an exercise test until exhaustion. Results: Distance covered and exercise performance were lower in THP-treated compared to control rats. In the oxidative soleus muscle, carnitine depletion caused atrophy (–24%) and impaired function of complex II and IV of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The free radical leak (ROS production relative to oxygen consumption) was increased and the cellular glutathione pool decreased. Moreover, mRNA expression of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial DNA were decreased in THP-treated compared to control rats. In comparison, in the glycolytic gastrocnemius muscle, carnitine depletion was associated with impaired function of complex IV and increased free radical leak, whilst muscle weight and cellular glutathione pool were maintained. Markers of mitochondrial proliferation and mitochondrial DNA were unaffected. Conclusions: Carnitine deficiency is associated with impaired exercise capacity in rats treated with THP. THP-induced carnitine deficiency is associated with impaired function of the electron transport chain in oxidative and glycolytic muscle as well as with atrophy and decreased mitochondrial DNA in oxidative muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Bouitbir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre of Applied Human ToxicologyBasel, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Haegler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - François Singh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland; Fédération de Médecine Translationelle, Faculté de Médecine, Institut de Physiologie, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Lorenz Joerin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Felser
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Duthaler
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital BaselBasel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre of Applied Human ToxicologyBasel, Switzerland
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Xu T, Wang Z, Wang J, Xiong W, Lu W, Zheng H, Yuan J. Involvement of ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and SIRT3 down-regulation in tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate-induced cell cycle arrest. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:461-470. [PMID: 30090360 PMCID: PMC6062305 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00229j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) is a flame retardant in plastics. It is bio-accumulative and persistent in the environment and has been detected in ambient and indoor air, surface and groundwater, food, house dust, and consumer products. Studies showed that TCEP can cause damage to the liver and kidneys of rats. However, the mechanisms underlying TCEP remain unclear. To investigate the effect of TCEP on mitochondrial function and cell fate, Chang liver cells were treated with TCEP (3.12, 12.50, 50.00, and 200.00 mg L-1) for 24 and 48 h. The results showed that TCEP increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, disrupted mitochondrial integrity and caused mitochondrial dysfunction, representing increased intercellular free Ca2+ levels, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial DNA copies as well as reduced ATP synthesis, and G2/M cell cycle arrest with down-regulation of SIRT3, forkhead box O3a and manganese superoxide dismutase proteins. The findings suggest that TCEP caused cell cycle arrest through down-regulation of SIRT3 is involved in mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83693209
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Youjian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83693209
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83693209
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83693209
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83693209
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83693209
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Wenhong Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83693209
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83693209
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +86 27 83693209
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health , Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection , and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating) , School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , Hubei , P. R. China
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Carpagnano GE, Lacedonia D, Malerba M, Palmiotti GA, Cotugno G, Carone M, Foschino-Barbaro MP. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA alteration in new phenotype ACOS. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:31. [PMID: 26867569 PMCID: PMC4751730 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria contain their own DNA (MtDNA) that is very sensitive to oxidative stress and as a consequence could be damaged in quantity. Oxidative stress is largely recognized to play a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD and might have a role in the new intermediate phenotype ACOS (asthma-COPD overlap syndrome). The aim of this study was to investigate MtDNA alterations, as an expression of mitochondrial dysfunction, in ACOS and to verify whether they might help in the identification of this new phenotype and in its differentiation from asthma and COPD. METHODS Ten (10) ACOS according to Spanish guidelines, 13 ACOS according to GINA guidelines, 13 COPD, 14 asthmatic patients and ten normal subjects were enrolled. They further underwent a blood, induced sputum and exhaled nitric oxide collection. Content of MtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) were measured in the blood cells of patients by Real Time PCR. RESULTS ACOS patients showed an increase of MtDNA/nDNA ratio. Dividing ACOS according to guidelines, those from the Spanish showed a higher value of MtDNA/nDNA compared to those from GINA/GOLD (92.69 ± 7.31 vs 80.68 ± 4.16). Spanish ACOS presented MtDNA/nDNA ratio closer to COPD than asthma. MtDNA was higher in asthmatic, COPD, GINA and Spanish ACOS patients compared to healthy subjects (73.30 ± 4.47-137.0 ± 19.45-80.68 ± 4.16-92.69 ± 7.31 vs 65.97 ± 20.56). CONCLUSION We found an increase of MtDNA/nDNA ratio in ACOS subjects that led us to conclude that there is presence of mitochondrial dysfunction in this disease, that makes it closer to COPD than to asthma. Although the MtDNA/nDNA ratio results are a useful marker for differential diagnosis from asthma, COPD and ACOS, further studies are needed to confirm the potentiality of MtDNA/nDNA ratio and to a better characterization of ACOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Carpagnano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - D Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - M Malerba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia and AO Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
| | - G A Palmiotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - G Cotugno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
| | - M Carone
- Division of Respiratory Disease, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Cassano Murge, Italy.
| | - M P Foschino-Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, viale degli Aviatori, Foggia, 71100, Italy.
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Brunst KJ, Baccarelli AA, Wright RJ. Integrating mitochondriomics in children's environmental health. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:976-91. [PMID: 26046650 PMCID: PMC4714560 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The amount of scientific research linking environmental exposures and childhood health outcomes continues to grow; yet few studies have teased out the mechanisms involved in environmentally-induced diseases. Cells can respond to environmental stressors in many ways: inducing oxidative stress/inflammation, changes in energy production and epigenetic alterations. Mitochondria, tiny organelles that each retains their own DNA, are exquisitely sensitive to environmental insults and are thought to be central players in these pathways. While it is intuitive that mitochondria play an important role in disease processes, given that every cell of our body is dependent on energy metabolism, it is less clear how environmental exposures impact mitochondrial mechanisms that may lead to enhanced risk of disease. Many of the effects of the environment are initiated in utero and integrating mitochondriomics into children's environmental health studies is a critical priority. This review will highlight (i) the importance of exploring environmental mitochondriomics in children's environmental health, (ii) why environmental mitochondriomics is well suited to biomarker development in this context, and (iii) how molecular and epigenetic changes in mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may reflect exposures linked to childhood health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J. Brunst
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
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49
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Haegler P, Grünig D, Berger B, Krähenbühl S, Bouitbir J. Impaired mitochondrial function in HepG2 cells treated with hydroxy-cobalamin[c-lactam]: A cell model for idiosyncratic toxicity. Toxicology 2015. [PMID: 26219506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin B12 analog hydroxy-cobalamin[c-lactam] (HCCL) impairs mitochondrial protein synthesis and the function of the electron transport chain. Our goal was to establish an in vitro model for mitochondrial dysfunction in human hepatoma cells (HepG2), which can be used to investigate hepatotoxicity of idiosyncratic mitochondrial toxicants. For that, HepG2 cells were treated with HCCL, which inhibits the function of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and impairs mitochondrial protein synthesis. Secondary, cells were incubated with propionate that served as source of propionyl-CoA, a percursor of methylmalonyl-CoA. Dose-finding experiments were conducted to evaluate the optimal dose and treatment time of HCCL and propionate for experiments on mitochondrial function. 50 μM HCCL was cytotoxic after exposure of HepG2 cells for 2d and 10 and 50 μM HCCL enhanced the cytotoxicity of 100 or 1000 μM propionate. Co-treatment with HCCL (10 μM) and propionate (1000 μM) dissipated the mitochondrial membrane potential and impaired the activity of enzyme complex IV of the electron transport chain. Treatment with HCCL decreased the mRNA content of mitochondrially encoded proteins, whereas the mtDNA content remained unchanged. We observed mitochondrial ROS accumulation and decreased mitochondrial SOD2 expression. Moreover, electron microscopy showed mitochondrial swelling. Finally, HepG2 cells pretreated with a non-cytotoxic combination of HCCL (10 μM) and propionate (100 μM) were more sensitive to the mitochondrial toxicants dronedarone, benzbromarone, and ketoconazole than untreated cells. In conclusion, we established and characterized a cell model, which could be used for testing drugs with idiosyncratic mitochondrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Haegler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Grünig
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Berger
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre of Applied Human Toxicology, SCAHT, Switzerland.
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Centre of Applied Human Toxicology, SCAHT, Switzerland
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Jiménez-Chillarón JC, Nijland MJ, Ascensão AA, Sardão VA, Magalhães J, Hitchler MJ, Domann FE, Oliveira PJ. Back to the future: transgenerational transmission of xenobiotic-induced epigenetic remodeling. Epigenetics 2015; 10:259-73. [PMID: 25774863 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, or regulation of gene expression independent of DNA sequence, is the missing link between genotype and phenotype. Epigenetic memory, mediated by histone and DNA modifications, is controlled by a set of specialized enzymes, metabolite availability, and signaling pathways. A mostly unstudied subject is how sub-toxic exposure to several xenobiotics during specific developmental stages can alter the epigenome and contribute to the development of disease phenotypes later in life. Furthermore, it has been shown that exposure to low-dose xenobiotics can also result in further epigenetic remodeling in the germ line and contribute to increase disease risk in the next generation (multigenerational and transgenerational effects). We here offer a perspective on current but still incomplete knowledge of xenobiotic-induced epigenetic alterations, and their possible transgenerational transmission. We also propose several molecular mechanisms by which the epigenetic landscape may be altered by environmental xenobiotics and hypothesize how diet and physical activity may counteract epigenetic alterations.
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