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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has affected millions of lives. Individuals who survive severe COVID-19 can experience sustained respiratory symptoms that persist for months after initial infection. In other airway diseases, abnormal airway mucus contributes to sustained airway symptoms. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on airway mucus has received limited attention. In the current review, we assess literature describing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on airway pathophysiology with specific emphasis on mucus production. Accumulating evidence suggests that the 2 major secreted airway mucin glycoproteins, MUC5AC and MUC5B, are abnormal in some patients with COVID-19. Aberrations in MUC5AC or MUC5B in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are likely due to inflammation, though the responsible mechanisms have yet to be determined. Thus, we also provide a proposed model highlighting mechanisms that can contribute to acute and sustained mucus abnormalities in SARS-CoV-2, with an emphasis on inflammatory cells and mediators, including mast cells and histamine. Last, we bring to light the challenges of studying abnormal mucus production in SARS-CoV-2 infections and discuss the strengths and limitations of model systems commonly used to study COVID-19. The evidence to date suggests that ferrets, nonhuman primates, and cats may have advantages over other models to investigate mucus in COVID-19.
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Jang WY, Lee HP, Kim SA, Huang L, Yoon JH, Shin CY, Mitra A, Kim HG, Cho JY. Angiopteris cochinchinensis de Vriese Ameliorates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Src Inhibition. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101306. [PMID: 35631731 PMCID: PMC9143704 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing demand for treatment options against acute lung injury (ALI) emphasizes studies on plant extracts harboring anti-inflammatory effects. According to GC-MS analysis, Angiopteris cochinchinensis de Vriese consists of various flavonoids with anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of an extract of Angiopteris cochinchinensis de Vriese (Ac-EE) were assessed using RAW264.6 murine macrophages and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI model. Ac-EE reduced the nitric oxide production in murine macrophages increased by LPS induction. Moreover, protective effects of Ac-EE on lung tissue were demonstrated by shrinkage of edema and lung injury. Reduced neutrophil infiltration and formation of hyaline membranes were also detected in lung tissues after H&E staining. Semiquantitative RT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR, and ELISA showed that Ac-EE inhibits the production of proinflammatory mediators, including iNOS and COX-2, and cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. An Ac-EE-mediated anti-inflammatory response was derived from inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, which was evaluated by luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting analysis. A cellular thermal shift assay revealed that the prime target of Ac-EE in alleviating inflammation was Src. With its direct binding with Src, Angiopteris cochinchinensis de Vriese significantly mitigates lung injury, showing possibilities of its potential as an effective botanical drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Young Jang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (H.P.L.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Hwa Pyoung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (H.P.L.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Seung A Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (H.P.L.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (L.H.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.)
| | - Ji Hye Yoon
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (L.H.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.)
| | - Chae Yun Shin
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (L.H.); (J.H.Y.); (C.Y.S.)
| | - Ankita Mitra
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (H.P.L.); (S.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.G.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7878 (H.G.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (W.Y.J.); (H.P.L.); (S.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.G.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-31-290-7878 (H.G.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Audacious Pathogen with an Adaptable Arsenal of Virulence Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063128. [PMID: 33803907 PMCID: PMC8003266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a dominant pathogen in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) contributing to morbidity and mortality. Its tremendous ability to adapt greatly facilitates its capacity to cause chronic infections. The adaptability and flexibility of the pathogen are afforded by the extensive number of virulence factors it has at its disposal, providing P. aeruginosa with the facility to tailor its response against the different stressors in the environment. A deep understanding of these virulence mechanisms is crucial for the design of therapeutic strategies and vaccines against this multi-resistant pathogen. Therefore, this review describes the main virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and the adaptations it undergoes to persist in hostile environments such as the CF respiratory tract. The very large P. aeruginosa genome (5 to 7 MB) contributes considerably to its adaptive capacity; consequently, genomic studies have provided significant insights into elucidating P. aeruginosa evolution and its interactions with the host throughout the course of infection.
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Lucas R, Hadizamani Y, Gonzales J, Gorshkov B, Bodmer T, Berthiaume Y, Moehrlen U, Lode H, Huwer H, Hudel M, Mraheil MA, Toque HAF, Chakraborty T, Hamacher J. Impact of Bacterial Toxins in the Lungs. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040223. [PMID: 32252376 PMCID: PMC7232160 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial toxins play a key role in the pathogenesis of lung disease. Based on their structural and functional properties, they employ various strategies to modulate lung barrier function and to impair host defense in order to promote infection. Although in general, these toxins target common cellular signaling pathways and host compartments, toxin- and cell-specific effects have also been reported. Toxins can affect resident pulmonary cells involved in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) and barrier function through impairing vectorial Na+ transport and through cytoskeletal collapse, as such, destroying cell-cell adhesions. The resulting loss of alveolar-capillary barrier integrity and fluid clearance capacity will induce capillary leak and foster edema formation, which will in turn impair gas exchange and endanger the survival of the host. Toxins modulate or neutralize protective host cell mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immunity response during chronic infection. In particular, toxins can either recruit or kill central players of the lung's innate immune responses to pathogenic attacks, i.e., alveolar macrophages (AMs) and neutrophils. Pulmonary disorders resulting from these toxin actions include, e.g., acute lung injury (ALI), the acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS), and severe pneumonia. When acute infection converts to persistence, i.e., colonization and chronic infection, lung diseases, such as bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) can arise. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of bacterial toxins in the lungs and the resulting outcomes for pathogenesis, their roles in promoting bacterial dissemination, and bacterial survival in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Lucas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +41-31-300-35-00 (J.H.)
| | - Yalda Hadizamani
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joyce Gonzales
- Department of Medicine and Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Boris Gorshkov
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Thomas Bodmer
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Waldeggstr. 37 CH-3097 Liebefeld, Switzerland;
| | - Yves Berthiaume
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Ueli Moehrlen
- Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital, Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zürch, Switzerland;
| | - Hartmut Lode
- Insitut für klinische Pharmakologie, Charité, Universitätsklinikum Berlin, Reichsstrasse 2, D-14052 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Hanno Huwer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Voelklingen Heart Center, 66333 Voelklingen/Saar, Germany;
| | - Martina Hudel
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Mobarak Abu Mraheil
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Haroldo Alfredo Flores Toque
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Justus-Liebig-University, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Schubertstr. 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.A.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Jürg Hamacher
- Lungen-und Atmungsstiftung, Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Pneumology, Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Lindenhofspital Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Medical Clinic V-Pneumology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, University Medical Centre of the Saarland, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical & Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (J.H.); Tel.: +41-31-300-35-00 (J.H.)
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Lin XP, Xue C, Zhang JM, Wu WJ, Chen XY, Zeng YM. Curcumin Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mucin 5AC Hypersecretion and Airway Inflammation via Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:1686-1693. [PMID: 29998888 PMCID: PMC6048919 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.235863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Excess mucus production is an important pathophysiological feature of chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Effective therapies are currently lacking. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mucus secretion and inflammation, and explored the underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Methods: For the in vitro study, human bronchial epithelial (NCI-H292) cells were pretreated with CUR or vehicle for 30 min, and then exposed to LPS for 24 h. Next, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was knocked down with Nrf2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) to confirm the specific role of Nrf2 in mucin regulation of CUR in NCI-H292 cells. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 7 for each group): control group, LPS group, and LPS + CUR group. Mice in LPS and LPS + CUR group were injected with saline or CUR (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 2 h before intratracheal instillation with LPS (100 μg/ml) for 7 days. Cell lysate and lung tissue were obtained to measured Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) and Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression by a real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to enumerate total cells and neutrophils. Histopathological changes of the lung were observed. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Student's t-test was used when two groups were compared. Results: CUR significantly decreased the expression of MUC5AC mRNA and protein in NCI-H292 cells exposed to LPS. This effect was dose dependent (2.424 ± 0.318 vs. 7.169 ± 1.785, t = 4.534, and 1.060 ± 0.197 vs. 2.340 ± 0.209, t = 7.716; both P < 0.05, respectively) and accompanied by increased mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 (1.952 ± 0.340 vs. 1.142 ± 0.176, t = −3.661, and 2.010 ± 0.209 vs. 1.089 ± 0.132, t = −6.453; both P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, knockdown of Nrf2 with siRNA increased MUC5AC mRNA expression by 47.7%, compared with levels observed in the siRNA-negative group (6.845 ± 1.478 vs. 3.391 ± 0.517, t = −3.821, P < 0.05). Knockdown of Nrf2 with siRNA also markedly increased MUC5AC protein expression in NCI-H292 cells. CUR also significantly decreased LPS-induced mRNA and protein expression of MUC5AC in mouse lung (1.672 ± 0.721 vs. 5.961 ± 2.452, t = 2.906, and 0.480 ± 0.191 vs. 2.290 ± 0.834, t = 3.665, respectively; both P < 0.05). Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining also showed that CUR suppressed mucin production. Compared with the LPS group, the numbers of inflammatory cells (247 ± 30 vs. 334 ± 24, t = 3.901, P < 0.05) and neutrophils (185 ± 22 vs. 246 ± 20, t = 3.566, P < 0.05) in BALF decreased in the LPS + CUR group, as well as reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue. Conclusion: CUR inhibits LPS-induced airway mucus hypersecretion and inflammation through activation of Nrf2 possibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Wei-Jing Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University; Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
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van der Vliet A, Danyal K, Heppner DE. Dual oxidase: a novel therapeutic target in allergic disease. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1401-1418. [PMID: 29405261 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs) represent a family of enzymes that mediate regulated cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and play various functional roles in physiology. Among the NOX family, the dual oxidases DUOX1 and DUOX2 are prominently expressed in epithelial cell types at mucosal surfaces and have therefore been considered to have important roles in innate host defence pathways. Recent studies have revealed important insights into the host defence mechanisms of DUOX enzymes, which control innate immune response pathways in response to either microbial or allergic triggers. In this review, we discuss the current level of understanding with respect to the biological role(s) of DUOX enzymes and the unique role of DUOX1 in mediating innate immune responses to epithelial injury and allergens and in the development of allergic disease. These novel findings highlight DUOX1 as an attractive therapeutic target, and opportunities for the development of selective inhibitor strategies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Assessment of Pasteurella multocida A Lipopolysaccharide, as an Adhesin in an In Vitro Model of Rabbit Respiratory Epithelium. Vet Med Int 2017; 2017:8967618. [PMID: 28251016 PMCID: PMC5303596 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8967618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the P. multocida lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a putative adhesin during the early stages of infection with this bacterium in the respiratory epithelium of rabbits was investigated. By light microscopy and double enzyme labeling of nasal septa tissues, the amount of bacteria attached to the respiratory epithelium and the amount of LPS present in goblet cells at different experimental times were estimated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and LPS labeling with colloidal gold particles were also used to determine the exact location of LPS in the cells. Septa that were challenged with LPS of P. multocida and 30 minutes later with P. multocida showed more adherent bacteria and more severe lesions than the other treatments. Free LPS was observed in the lumen of the nasal septum, forming bilamellar structures and adhering to the cilia, microvilli, cytoplasmic membrane, and cytoplasm of epithelial ciliated and goblet cells. The above findings suggest that P. multocida LPS plays an important role in the process of bacterial adhesion and that it has the ability of being internalized into host cells.
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Zanin M, Baviskar P, Webster R, Webby R. The Interaction between Respiratory Pathogens and Mucus. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 19:159-68. [PMID: 26867175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between respiratory pathogens and their hosts is complex and incompletely understood. This is particularly true when pathogens encounter the mucus layer covering the respiratory tract. The mucus layer provides an essential first host barrier to inhaled pathogens that can prevent pathogen invasion and subsequent infection. Respiratory mucus has numerous functions and interactions, both with the host and with pathogens. This review summarizes the current understanding of respiratory mucus and its interactions with the respiratory pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza viruses, with particular focus on influenza virus transmissibility and host-range specificity. Based on current findings we propose that respiratory mucus represents an understudied host-restriction factor for influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zanin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Pradyumna Baviskar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Robert Webster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Ikeda-Kurosawa C, Higashio H, Nakano M, Okubo M, Satoh YI, Kurosaka D, Saino T. α1-Adrenoceptors relate Ca(2+) modulation and protein secretions in rat lacrimal gland. Biomed Res 2016; 36:357-69. [PMID: 26700590 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.36.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Noradrenaline (NA) is a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter. Cellular secretory activities are enhanced by adrenergic stimuli as well as by cholinergic stimuli. The present study aimed to determine which adrenoceptors play a role in controlling intracellular calcium ion ([Ca(2+)]i) level in acinar cells of rat lacrimal glands. Expression of mRNA for adrenoceptor subtypes in the acinar cells was assessed using RT-PCR. All types except α2c, β1, and β3 were detected. NA induced a [Ca(2+)]i increase with a biphasic pattern in the acinar cells. Removal of extracellular Ca(2+) and use of Ca(2+)-channel blockers did not inhibit the NA-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases. In contrast, U73122 and suramin almost blocked these increases. The α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine induced a strong increase in [Ca(2+)]i. However, clonidine and isoproterenol failed to induce a [Ca(2+)]i increase. The peroxidase activity was quantified as a measure of mucin secretion. Ca(2+)-dependent exocytotic secretion of peroxidase was detected in rat lacrimal glands. The RT-PCR results showed that MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC16 were expressed in acinar cells. These findings indicated that NA activates α1-adrenoceptors, which were found to be the main receptors in Ca(2+)-related cell homeostasis and protein (including mucin) secretion in lacrimal glands.
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Cho RL, Yang CC, Lee IT, Lin CC, Chi PL, Hsiao LD, Yang CM. Lipopolysaccharide induces ICAM-1 expression via a c-Src/NADPH oxidase/ROS-dependent NF-κB pathway in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L639-57. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00109.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is frequently implicated in lung inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to play a key role in inflammation via adhesion molecule induction and then causes lung injury. However, the mechanisms underlying LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression in human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) remain unclear. We showed that LPS induced ICAM-1 expression in HPAEpiCs, revealed by Western blotting, RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and promoter assay. Pretreatment with the inhibitor of c-Src (protein phosphatase-1, PP1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Edaravone), NADPH oxidase (apocynin and diphenyleneiodonium chloride), EGFR (AG1478), PDGFR (AG1296), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) (LY294002), MEK1/2 (U0126), or NF-κB (Bay11-7082) and transfection with siRNAs of c-Src, EGFR, PDGFR, Akt, p47 phox, Nox2, Nox4, p42, and p65 markedly reduced LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adherence to HPAEpiCs challenged with LPS. In addition, we established that LPS stimulated phosphorylation of c-Src, EGFR, PDGFR, Akt, or p65, which was inhibited by pretreatment with their respective inhibitors. LPS induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), c-Src, p47 phox, and Rac1 complex formation 2, which was attenuated by transfection with c-Src or TRAF6 siRNA. Furthermore, LPS markedly enhanced NADPH oxidase activation and intracellular ROS generation, which were inhibited by PP1. We established that LPS induced p42/p44 MAPK activation via a c-Src/NADPH oxidase/ROS/EGFR, PDGFR/PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway in these cells. Finally, we observed that LPS significantly enhanced NF-κB and IκBα phosphorylation, NF-κB translocation, and NF-κB promoter activity, which were inhibited by PP1, Edaravone, apocynin, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, AG1478, AG1296, LY294002 , or U0126. These results demonstrated that LPS induces p42/p44 MAPK activation mediated through the TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6/c-Src/NADPH oxidase/ROS/EGFR, PDGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway, which in turn initiates the activation of NF-κB and ultimately induces ICAM-1 expression in HPAEpiCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-Ling Cho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Chi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Der Hsiao
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Health Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthetics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Parker D, Ahn D, Cohen T, Prince A. Innate Immune Signaling Activated by MDR Bacteria in the Airway. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:19-53. [PMID: 26582515 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care-associated bacterial pneumonias due to multiple-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens are an important public health problem and are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition to antimicrobial resistance, these organisms have adapted to the milieu of the human airway and have acquired resistance to the innate immune clearance mechanisms that normally prevent pneumonia. Given the limited efficacy of antibiotics, bacterial clearance from the airway requires an effective immune response. Understanding how specific airway pathogens initiate and regulate innate immune signaling, and whether this response is excessive, leading to host-induced pathology may guide future immunomodulatory therapy. We will focus on three of the most important causes of health care-associated pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and review the mechanisms through which an inappropriate or damaging innate immune response is stimulated, as well as describe how airway pathogens cause persistent infection by evading immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Parker
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Taylor Cohen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Alice Prince
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Nadeem A, Alharbi NO, Vliagoftis H, Tyagi M, Ahmad SF, Sayed-Ahmed MM. Proteinase activated receptor-2-mediated dual oxidase-2 up-regulation is involved in enhanced airway reactivity and inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Immunology 2015; 145:391-403. [PMID: 25684443 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells (AECs) express a variety of receptors, which sense danger signals from various aeroallergens/pathogens being inhaled constantly. Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is one such receptor and is activated by cockroach allergens, which have intrinsic serine proteinase activity. Recently, dual oxidases (DUOX), especially DUOX-2, have been shown to be involved in airway inflammation in response to Toll-like receptor activation. However, the association between PAR-2 and DUOX-2 has not been explored in airways of allergic mice. Therefore, this study investigated the contribution of DUOX-2/reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling in airway reactivity and inflammation after PAR-2 activation. Mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with intact cockroach allergen extract (CE) in the presence of aluminium hydroxide followed by intranasal challenge with CE. Mice were then assessed for airway reactivity, inflammation, oxidative stress (DUOX-2, ROS, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrite, nitrotyrosine and protein carbonyls) and apoptosis (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3). Challenge with CE led to up-regulation of DUOX-2 and ROS in AECs with concomitant increases in airway reactivity/inflammation and parameters of oxidative stress, and apoptosis. All of these changes were significantly inhibited by intranasal administration of ENMD-1068, a small molecule antagonist of PAR-2 in allergic mice. Administration of diphenyliodonium to allergic mice also led to improvement of allergic airway responses via inhibition of the DUOX-2/ROS pathway; however, these effects were less pronounced than PAR-2 antagonism. The current study suggests that PAR-2 activation leads to up-regulation of the DUOX-2/ROS pathway in AECs, which is involved in regulation of airway reactivity and inflammation via oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Manoj Tyagi
- Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of muscarinic receptors in mucosal homeostasis, response to enteric pathogens, and modulation of immune cell function is undefined. METHODS The contribution of type 3 muscarinic receptors (M3R) to mucosal homeostasis within the colon and host defense against Citrobacter rodentium was determined in uninfected and C. rodentium-infected WT and M3R-deficient (Chrm3) mice. In addition, WT and Chrm3 bone marrow-derived macrophages were studied to determine the ability of M3R to modulate macrophage phenotype and function. RESULTS In Chrm3 mice, clearance of C. rodentium was delayed despite an amplified TH1/TH17 response. Delayed clearance of C. rodentium from Chrm3 mice was associated with prolonged adherence of bacteria to colonic mucosa, decreased goblet cell number, and decreased mucin 2 gene expression. Treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages with bethanechol, a muscarinic-selective agonist, induced a classically activated macrophage phenotype, which was dependent on M3R expression. Chrm3 bone marrow-derived macrophages retained their ability to attain a classically activated macrophage phenotype when treated with the TH1 cytokine IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS In Chrm3 mice, mucin production is attenuated and is associated with prolonged adherence of C. rodentium to colonic mucosa. The immune response, as characterized by production of TH1/TH17 cytokines, in C. rodentium-infected Chrm3 mice is intact. In addition, M3R activity promotes the development of classically activated macrophages. Our data establish a role for M3R in host defense against C. rodentium through effects on goblet cell mucus production and in the modulation of macrophage phenotype and function.
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Chang S, Linderholm A, Harper R. DUOX-Mediated Signaling Is Not Required for LPS-Induced Neutrophilic Response in the Airways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131810. [PMID: 26148206 PMCID: PMC4493023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidant production from DUOX1 has been proposed to lead to neutrophil recruitment into the airways when lung homeostasis is compromised. The objective of this study was to determine whether DUOX-derived hydrogen peroxide is required for LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment, using a functional DUOX knock out mouse model. We found that LPS induced profound neutrophilic lung inflammation in both Duoxa+/+ and Duoxa-/- mice between 3h and 24h. Duoxa-/- mice had significantly higher neutrophil influx 24h after LPS instillation despite similar cytokine levels (KC, MIP-2, or TGF-α) between the two groups. These findings suggest that LPS-TLR-4-induced KC or MIP-2 cytokine induction and subsequent neutrophil recruitment in the airway does not require DUOX-derived hydrogen peroxide from airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Angela Linderholm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Richart Harper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- * E-mail:
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15
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Paeng SH, Park WS, Jung WK, Lee DS, Kim GY, Choi YH, Seo SK, Jang WH, Choi JS, Lee YM, Park S, Choi IW. YCG063 inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS-induced inflammation in human retinal pigment epithelial cells through the TLR2-mediated AKT/NF-κB pathway and ROS-independent pathways. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:808-16. [PMID: 26136104 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
YCG063 is known as an inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, its intracellular mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of YCG063 on the inflammatory response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (PA-LPS)‑stimulated human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells). Human adult RPE cells (ARPE‑19) were stimulated with PA-LPS. We then investigated the LPS-induced expression of several inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the ARPE-19 cells. We performed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of YCG063 in the PA-LPS-stimulated cells. The results revealed that treatment with YCG063 significantly inhibited the levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and ICAM-1 in the PA-LPS-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. YCG063 also markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT in the PA‑LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was also attenuated folllowing treatment with YCG063. ROS were not generated in the PA-LPS-stimulated cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that YCG063 may prove to be a potential protective agent against inflammation, possibly through the downregulation of Toll‑like receptor 2 (TLR2) and the AKT-dependent NF-κB activation pathway in PA-LPS-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, this anti-inflammatory activity occurred through ROS-independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwa Paeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kil Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sik Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saegwang Park
- Department of Microbiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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16
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Inhibition of Pasteurella multocida Adhesion to Rabbit Respiratory Epithelium Using Lectins. Vet Med Int 2015; 2015:365428. [PMID: 25810949 PMCID: PMC4354970 DOI: 10.1155/2015/365428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a panel of lectins to inhibit the ability of Pasteurella multocida to adhere to and affect the rabbit respiratory epithelium. Nasal septa from rabbit fetuses were cultured with various lectins before the addition of P. multocida. The percentage of bacteria adhering to the epithelium was evaluated semiquantitatively by indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) staining. The goblet cells (GCs) were counted in semithin sections stained with toluidine blue and served as the main morphological criterion to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the lectins. The lectins PNA, WGA, RCA120, and DBA significantly inhibited the adhesion of P. multocida to the ciliated epithelium (P < 0.05) and prevented the pathogen-induced increase in the number of GCs (P < 0.05) compared with those of positive control tissues. In addition, VVA, SJA, UEA I, DSL, SBA, and ECL significantly inhibited the increase in GCs compared with that of the control tissues. The results suggest that less aggressive therapeutic strategies, such as treatment with lectins, may represent alternative approaches to control bacterial respiratory infections.
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17
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Dando SJ, Mackay-Sim A, Norton R, Currie BJ, St John JA, Ekberg JAK, Batzloff M, Ulett GC, Beacham IR. Pathogens penetrating the central nervous system: infection pathways and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of invasion. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 27:691-726. [PMID: 25278572 PMCID: PMC4187632 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00118-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is well protected against microbial invasion by cellular barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB). In addition, cells within the central nervous system (CNS) are capable of producing an immune response against invading pathogens. Nonetheless, a range of pathogenic microbes make their way to the CNS, and the resulting infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Bacteria, amoebae, fungi, and viruses are capable of CNS invasion, with the latter using axonal transport as a common route of infection. In this review, we compare the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens reach the CNS and infect the brain. In particular, we focus on recent data regarding mechanisms of bacterial translocation from the nasal mucosa to the brain, which represents a little explored pathway of bacterial invasion but has been proposed as being particularly important in explaining how infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei can result in melioidosis encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Dando
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan Mackay-Sim
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Norton
- Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bart J Currie
- Menzies School of Health Research and Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - James A St John
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenny A K Ekberg
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glen C Ulett
- School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ifor R Beacham
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Ying YH, Lin XP, Zhou HB, Wu YF, Yan FG, Hua W, Xia LX, Qiu ZW, Chen ZH, Li W, Shen HH. Nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor-2 Nrf2 ameliorates cigarette smoking-induced mucus overproduction in airway epithelium and mouse lungs. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:855-63. [PMID: 25239867 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor-2 (Nrf2) is known to play important roles in airway disorders, whereas little has been investigated about its direct role in airway mucus hypersecretion. The aim of this study is to determine whether this factor could protect pulmonary epithelium and mouse airway from cigarette-induced mucus overproduction. METHODS Using genetic approaches, the role of Nrf2 on cigarette smoking extracts (CSE) induced MUC5AC expression was investigated in lung A549 cells. Nrf2 deficiency mice were smoked for various periods, and the airway inflammation and mucus production was characterized. RESULTS Acute smoking exposure induced expression of MUC5AC and Nrf2 in both A549 cells and mouse lungs. Genetic ablation of Nrf2 augmented, whereas overexpression of this molecule ameliorated CSE-induced expression of MUC5AC. Nrf2 knockout mice, after exposure to cigarette smoking, displayed enhanced airway inflammation and mucus production. CONCLUSION Nrf2 negatively regulated smoking-induced mucus production in vitro and in vivo, suggesting therapeutic potentials of this factor in airway diseases with hypersecreted mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hua Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Hong-bin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yin-fang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fu-gui Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wen Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Li-Xia Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhang-wei Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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19
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Yan F, Li W, Zhou H, Wu Y, Ying S, Chen Z, Shen H. Interleukin-13-induced MUC5AC expression is regulated by a PI3K-NFAT3 pathway in mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:49-53. [PMID: 24583134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) plays a critical role in asthma mucus overproduction, while the mechanisms underlying this process are not fully elucidated. Previous studies showed that nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, but whether it can directly regulate IL-13-induced mucus (particularly MUC5AC) production is still not clear. Here we showed that IL-13 specifically induced NFAT3 activation through promoting its dephosphorylation in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of mouse tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs). Furthermore, both Cyclosporin A (CsA, a specific NFAT inhibitor) and LY294002 (a Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor) significantly blocked IL-13-induced MUC5AC mRNA and protein production through the inhibition of NFAT3 activity. We also confirmed that CsA could not influence the forkhead Box A2 (Foxa2) and mouse calcium dependent chloride channel 3 (mClca3) expression in IL-13-induced MUC5AC production, which both are known to be important in IL-13-stimulated mucus expression. Our study is the first to demonstrate that the PI3K-NFAT3 pathway is positively involved in IL-13-induced mucus production, and provided novel insights into the molecular mechanism of asthma mucus hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fugui Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinfang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Lab. of Respiratory Disease (SKLRS), China.
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20
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Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Sun C, Wang Q, Yang Z, Pan X, Zhu M, Xiao W. The human cathelicidin LL-37 enhances airway mucus production in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:103-9. [PMID: 24291709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Airway mucus overproduction is a distinguishing feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). LL-37 is the only member of human cathelicidins family of antimicrobial peptides and plays a central role in many immune and inflammatory reactions. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of LL-37 in the pathogenesis of COPD. Here, we investigated the effects of LL-37 on airway mucus overproduction in COPD. We observed overexpression of both LL-37 and MUC5AC mucin (a major mucin component of mucus) in airways of COPD patients and found a correlation between them. We showed in vitro that LL-37 induces MUC5AC mucin production by airway epithelial NCI-H292 cells in the absence and presence of cigarette smoke extract, with TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE)-EGFR-ERK1/2 pathway and IL-8 required for the induction. Therefore, we concluded that LL-37 enhances the mucus production in COPD airways, thus contributing to the progression of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Congcong Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiujie Pan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Maoxiang Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China.
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Li M, Tian Y, Wu SD, Li YN. LPS induces MUC5AC expression in human biliary epithelial cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2181-2184. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i22.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates MUC5AC expression in human biliary epithelial cells.
METHODS: Human biliary epithelial cells were treated with LPS, and MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression was detected by real time-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry 12 and 24 h after LPS treatment.
RESULTS: LPS stimulation significantly increased MUC5AC mRNA expression (3.67 ± 0.22 vs 1.00 ± 0.05, P < 0.05). MUC5AC protein expression was also increased after LPS treatment (0.26 vs 0.59, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: LPS can induce MUC5AC expression in human biliary epithelial cells.
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