1
|
Borgarelli C, Klingl YE, Escamilla-Ayala A, Munck S, Van Den Bosch L, De Borggraeve WM, Ismalaj E. Lighting Up the Plasma Membrane: Development and Applications of Fluorescent Ligands for Transmembrane Proteins. Chemistry 2021; 27:8605-8641. [PMID: 33733502 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that transmembrane proteins represent the main therapeutic targets for decades, complete and in-depth knowledge about their biochemical and pharmacological profiling is not fully available. In this regard, target-tailored small-molecule fluorescent ligands are a viable approach to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle. Such tools, coupled with the ability of high-precision optical techniques to image with an unprecedented resolution at a single-molecule level, helped unraveling many of the conundrums related to plasma proteins' life-cycle and druggability. Herein, we review the recent progress made during the last two decades in fluorescent ligand design and potential applications in fluorescence microscopy of voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated ion channels and G-coupled protein receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Borgarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvonne E Klingl
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain &, Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abril Escamilla-Ayala
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, & VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 - box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian Munck
- Center for Brain & Disease Research, & VIB BioImaging Core, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 - box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Center for Brain &, Disease Research, VIB-KU Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg O&N5 -, box 602 Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ermal Ismalaj
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven Campus Arenberg Celestijnenlaan 200F -, box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu Y, Jans DC, Winblad B, Tjernberg LO, Schedin-Weiss S. Neuronal Aβ42 is enriched in small vesicles at the presynaptic side of synapses. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800028. [PMID: 30456353 PMCID: PMC6238618 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy reveals that Aβ42 is mainly present at the presynaptic side of the synapse. The amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a physiological ubiquitously expressed peptide suggested to be involved in synaptic function, long-term potentiation, and memory function. The 42 amino acid-long variant (Aβ42) forms neurotoxic oligomers and amyloid plaques and plays a key role in the loss of synapses and other pathogenic events of Alzheimer disease. Still, the exact localization of Aβ42 in neurons and at synapses has not been reported. Here, we used super-resolution microscopy and show that Aβ42 was present in small vesicles in presynaptic compartments, but not in postsynaptic compartments, in the neurites of hippocampal neurons. Some of these vesicles appeared to lack synaptophysin, indicating that they differ from the synaptic vesicles responsible for neurotransmitter release. The Aβ42-containing vesicles existed in presynapses connected to stubby spines and mushroom spines, and were also present in immature presynapses. These vesicles were scarce in other parts of the neurites, where Aβ42 was instead present in large, around 200–600 nm, vesicular structures. Three-dimensional super-resolution microscopy confirmed that Aβ42 was present in the presynapse and absent in the postsynapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Daniel C Jans
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars O Tjernberg
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peeler JC, Schedin-Weiss S, Soula M, Kazmi MA, Sakmar TP. Isopeptide and ester bond ubiquitination both regulate degradation of the human dopamine receptor 4. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21623-21630. [PMID: 29101232 PMCID: PMC5766964 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.758961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
How an optimal level of human dopamine D4 receptor (hD4R) is maintained in synaptic membranes is not known. We show here that hD4R is ubiquitinated in primary neurons. We go on to show that ubiquitin is attached to hD4R through isopeptide and ester bonds. When lysine (Lys) residues of the hD4R are substituted with arginine (Arg) residues, cellular hD4R protein levels increase. A synergistic effect on hD4R levels is noted when cytoplasmic serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) residues are mutated. Chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal degradation, did not have an effect on hD4R protein levels. However, treatment with bortezomib, an inhibitor of the 20S proteasome, caused a dose-dependent increase in hD4R protein levels. The effect of bortezomib was attenuated in the receptor variants that lacked Lys or Ser/Thr residues, and the hD4R mutant that lacked 17 cytoplasmic Lys, Ser, and Thr residues was nearly insensitive to bortezomib treatment. We conclude that both isopeptide and ester bond ubiquitination regulate proteasomal degradation of hD4R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Peeler
- From the Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 and
| | - Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mariluz Soula
- From the Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 and
| | - Manija A Kazmi
- From the Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 and
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- From the Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065 and .,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schedin-Weiss S, Inoue M, Hromadkova L, Teranishi Y, Yamamoto NG, Wiehager B, Bogdanovic N, Winblad B, Sandebring-Matton A, Frykman S, Tjernberg LO. Monoamine oxidase B is elevated in Alzheimer disease neurons, is associated with γ-secretase and regulates neuronal amyloid β-peptide levels. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:57. [PMID: 28764767 PMCID: PMC5540560 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Increased levels of the pathogenic amyloid β-peptide (Aβ), released from its precursor by the transmembrane protease γ-secretase, are found in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. Interestingly, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity is also increased in AD brain, but its role in AD pathogenesis is not known. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that the increased MAO-B expression in AD brain starts several years before the onset of the disease. Here, we show a potential connection between MAO-B, γ-secretase and Aβ in neurons. Methods MAO-B immunohistochemistry was performed on postmortem human brain. Affinity purification of γ-secretase followed by mass spectrometry was used for unbiased identification of γ-secretase-associated proteins. The association of MAO-B with γ-secretase was studied by coimmunoprecipitation from brain homogenate, and by in-situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) in neurons as well as mouse and human brain sections. The effect of MAO-B on Aβ production and Notch processing in cell cultures was analyzed by siRNA silencing or overexpression experiments followed by ELISA, western blot or FRET analysis. Methodology for measuring relative intraneuronal MAO-B and Aβ42 levels in single cells was developed by combining immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy with quantitative image analysis. Results Immunohistochemistry revealed MAO-B staining in neurons in the frontal cortex, hippocampus CA1 and entorhinal cortex in postmortem human brain. Interestingly, the neuronal staining intensity was higher in AD brain than in control brain in these regions. Mass spectrometric data from affinity purified γ-secretase suggested that MAO-B is a γ-secretase-associated protein, which was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and PLA, and a neuronal location of the interaction was shown. Strikingly, intraneuronal Aβ42 levels correlated with MAO-B levels, and siRNA silencing of MAO-B resulted in significantly reduced levels of intraneuronal Aβ42. Furthermore, overexpression of MAO-B enhanced Aβ production. Conclusions This study shows that MAO-B levels are increased not only in astrocytes but also in pyramidal neurons in AD brain. The study also suggests that MAO-B regulates Aβ production in neurons via γ-secretase and thereby provides a key to understanding the relationship between MAO-B and AD pathogenesis. Potentially, the γ-secretase/MAO-B association may be a target for reducing Aβ levels using protein–protein interaction breakers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0279-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Mitsuhiro Inoue
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden.,Present address: Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lenka Hromadkova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yasuhiro Teranishi
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden.,Present address: Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuko Goto Yamamoto
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden.,Present address: Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Osaka, Japan
| | - Birgitta Wiehager
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanovic
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University in Oslo, Memory Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandebring-Matton
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Susanne Frykman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars O Tjernberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maturation and processing of the amyloid precursor protein is regulated by the potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 2 (HCN2). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:352-358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
6
|
Tubular epithelial cells in renal clear cell carcinoma express high RIPK1/3 and show increased susceptibility to TNF receptor 1-induced necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2287. [PMID: 27362805 PMCID: PMC5108336 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that renal clear cell carcinoma cells (RCC) express both tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1 and -2, but that, in organ culture, a TNF mutein that only engages TNFR1, but not TNFR2, causes extensive cell death. Some RCC died by apoptosis based on detection of cleaved caspase 3 in a minority TUNEL-positive cells but the mechanism of death in the remaining cells was unexplained. Here, we underpin the mechanism of TNFR1-induced cell death in the majority of TUNEL-positive RCC cells, and show that they die by necroptosis. Malignant cells in high-grade tumors displayed threefold to four fold higher expression of both receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)1 and RIPK3 compared with non-tumor kidney tubular epithelium and low-grade tumors, but expression of both enzymes was induced in lower grade tumors in organ culture in response to TNFR1 stimulation. Furthermore, TNFR1 activation induced significant MLKL(Ser358) and Drp1(Ser616) phosphorylation, physical interactions in RCC between RIPK1-RIPK3 and RIPK3-phospho-MLKL(Ser358), and coincidence of phospho-MLKL(ser358) and phospho-Drp1(Ser616) at mitochondria in TUNEL-positive RCC. A caspase inhibitor only partially reduced the extent of cell death following TNFR1 engagement in RCC cells, whereas three inhibitors, each targeting a different step in the necroptotic pathway, were much more protective. Combined inhibition of caspases and necroptosis provided additive protection, implying that different subsets of cells respond differently to TNF-α, the majority dying by necroptosis. We conclude that most high-grade RCC cells express increased amounts of RIPK1 and RIPK3 and are poised to undergo necroptosis in response to TNFR1 signaling.
Collapse
|
7
|
Schedin-Weiss S, Caesar I, Winblad B, Blom H, Tjernberg LO. Super-resolution microscopy reveals γ-secretase at both sides of the neuronal synapse. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:29. [PMID: 27036709 PMCID: PMC4818506 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein assembly γ-secretase is a key protease in regulated intramembrane processing (RIP) of around 100 type-1 transmembrane proteins. Importantly, it has a pathological role in Alzheimer disease (AD) as it generates the neurotoxic amyloid β-peptide from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Studies on γ-secretase location are therefore crucial both from a biological and a therapeutic perspective. Despite several years of efforts in many laboratories, it is not clear where in the neuron γ-secretase exerts it’s activities. Technical challenges include the fact that the active enzyme contains four protein components and that most subcellular compartments cannot be spatially resolved by traditional light microscopy. Here, we have used a powerful combination of the two nanoscopy techniques STORM and STED microscopy to visualize the location of γ-secretase in neurons using an active-site specific probe, with a focus on the synapse. We show that γ-secretase is present in both the pre-and postsynaptic compartments. We further show that the enzyme is enriched very close to the synaptic cleft in the postsynaptic membrane, as well as to NMDA receptors, demonstrating that γ-secretase is present in the postsynaptic plasma membrane. Importantly, the expression of γ-secretase increased in the pre- and postsynaptic compartments with the size of the synapse, suggesting a correlation between γ-secretase activity and synapse maturation. Thus, our data shows the synaptic location with high precision in three dimensions and settles the long-lasting debate on the synaptic location of γ-secretase.
Collapse
|
8
|
Piras A, Collin L, Grüninger F, Graff C, Rönnbäck A. Autophagic and lysosomal defects in human tauopathies: analysis of post-mortem brain from patients with familial Alzheimer disease, corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016; 4:22. [PMID: 26936765 PMCID: PMC4774096 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-016-0292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The accumulation of insoluble proteins within neurons and glia cells is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Abnormal aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau characterizes the neuropathology of tauopathies, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). An impairment of the lysosomal degradation pathway called macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, could contribute to the accumulation of aggregated proteins. The role of autophagy in neurodegeneration has been intensively studied in the context of AD but there are few studies in other tauopathies and it is not known if defects in autophagy is a general feature of tauopathies. In the present study, we analysed autophagic and lysosomal markers in human post-mortem brain samples from patients with early-onset familial AD (FAD) with the APP Swedish mutation (APPswe), CBD and PSP and control individuals. Results FAD, CBD and PSP patients displayed an increase in LC3-positive vesicles in frontal cortex, indicating an accumulation of autophagic vesicles. Moreover, using double-immunohistochemistry and in situ proximity ligation assay, we observed colocalization of hyperphosphorylated tau with the autophagy marker LC3 in FAD, CBD and PSP patients but not in control individuals. Increased levels of the lysosomal marker LAMP1 was detected in FAD and CBD, and in addition Cathepsin D was diffusely spread in the cytoplasm in all tauopathies suggesting an impaired lysosomal integrity. Conclusion Taken together, our results indicate an accumulation of autophagic and lysosomal markers in human brain tissue from patients with primary tauopathies (CBD and PSP) as well as FAD, suggesting a defect of the autophagosome-lysosome pathway that may contribute to the development of tau pathology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40478-016-0292-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lundgren JL, Ahmed S, Schedin-Weiss S, Gouras GK, Winblad B, Tjernberg LO, Frykman S. ADAM10 and BACE1 are localized to synaptic vesicles. J Neurochem 2015; 135:606-15. [PMID: 26296617 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic degeneration and accumulation of the neurotoxic amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in the brain are hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. Aβ is produced by sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), by the β-secretase β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase. However, Aβ generation is precluded if APP is cleaved by the α-secretase ADAM10 instead of BACE1. We have previously shown that Aβ can be produced locally at the synapse. To study the synaptic localization of the APP processing enzymes we used western blotting to demonstrate that, compared to total brain homogenate, ADAM10 and BACE1 were greatly enriched in synaptic vesicles isolated from rat brain using controlled-pore glass chromatography, whereas Presenilin1 was the only enriched component of the γ-secretase complex. Moreover, we detected ADAM10 activity in synaptic vesicles and enrichment of the intermediate APP-C-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs). We confirmed the western blotting findings using in situ proximity ligation assay to demonstrate close proximity of ADAM10 and BACE1 with the synaptic vesicle marker synaptophysin in intact mouse primary hippocampal neurons. In contrast, only sparse co-localization of active γ-secretase and synaptophysin was detected. These results indicate that the first step of APP processing occurs in synaptic vesicles whereas the final step is more likely to take place elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta L Lundgren
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Saheeb Ahmed
- European Neuroscience Institute, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Gunnar K Gouras
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars O Tjernberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Susanne Frykman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Huddinge, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang KC, Petrash JM. Aldose Reductase Mediates Transforming Growth Factor β2 (TGF-β2)-Induced Migration and Epithelial-To-Mesenchymal Transition of Lens-Derived Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:4198-210. [PMID: 26132779 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-16557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cataract surgery involves removal of lens tissue, but is associated with a high complication rate due to regrowth of residual lens epithelial cells to produce posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and diminished visual acuity. As inhibitors of aldose reductase (AR) have been shown to suppress markers of PCO, our studies were designed to identify a role for AR in the pathogenesis of PCO. METHODS Sorbinil-mediated AR inhibition was determined by measuring sorbitol accumulation. Cell migration was measured using both transwell and scratch assays. Proteins in the SMAD signaling pathway were measured by Western blotting. The interactions of AR and SMADs were demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and proximity ligation assay (PLA). Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) expression was measured by Western blot and quantitative PCR (q-PCR). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities were measured in conditioned medium by zymography. RESULTS We observed that either Sorbinil-mediated AR inhibition or siRNA-mediated AR gene knockdown prevented migration of lens epithelial cells following exposure to TGF-β2. AR inhibition or AR knockdown reduced SMAD and MMP activation triggered by TGF-β2. In addition, we demonstrated AR inhibition or AR knockdown decreased TGF-β2-induced expression of EMT markers. Co-IP studies and PLA were used to demonstrate that AR and SMAD2 interact either directly or in close concert with additional factor(s) in a nonenzymatic manner. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that AR participates in the response of lens epithelial cells to TGF-β2. Our studies raise the possibility that AR inhibition may be effective in preventing development of PCO by disrupting the TGF-β2/SMAD pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Teranishi Y, Inoue M, Yamamoto NG, Kihara T, Wiehager B, Ishikawa T, Winblad B, Schedin-Weiss S, Frykman S, Tjernberg LO. Proton myo-inositol cotransporter is a novel γ-secretase associated protein that regulates Aβ production without affecting Notch cleavage. FEBS J 2015; 282:3438-51. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Teranishi
- Division for Neurogeriatrics; Department of NVS; Center for Alzheimer Research; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd; Drug Development Research Laboratories; Osaka Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Inoue
- Division for Neurogeriatrics; Department of NVS; Center for Alzheimer Research; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd; Drug Development Research Laboratories; Osaka Japan
| | - Natsuko Goto Yamamoto
- Division for Neurogeriatrics; Department of NVS; Center for Alzheimer Research; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd; Drug Development Research Laboratories; Osaka Japan
| | - Takahiro Kihara
- Division for Neurogeriatrics; Department of NVS; Center for Alzheimer Research; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd; Genomic Science Laboratories; Osaka Japan
| | - Birgitta Wiehager
- Division for Neurogeriatrics; Department of NVS; Center for Alzheimer Research; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Taizo Ishikawa
- Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd; Innovative Drug Discovery Research Laboratories; Osaka Japan
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division for Neurogeriatrics; Department of NVS; Center for Alzheimer Research; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Division for Neurogeriatrics; Department of NVS; Center for Alzheimer Research; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Susanne Frykman
- Division for Neurogeriatrics; Department of NVS; Center for Alzheimer Research; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Lars O. Tjernberg
- Division for Neurogeriatrics; Department of NVS; Center for Alzheimer Research; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Inoue M, Hur JY, Kihara T, Teranishi Y, Yamamoto NG, Ishikawa T, Wiehager B, Winblad B, Tjernberg LO, Schedin-Weiss S. Human brain proteins showing neuron-specific interactions with γ-secretase. FEBS J 2015; 282:2587-99. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Inoue
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society; Center for Alzheimer Research; Division for Neurogeriatrics; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Ji-Yeun Hur
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society; Center for Alzheimer Research; Division for Neurogeriatrics; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Takahiro Kihara
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society; Center for Alzheimer Research; Division for Neurogeriatrics; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Yasuhiro Teranishi
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society; Center for Alzheimer Research; Division for Neurogeriatrics; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Natsuko G. Yamamoto
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society; Center for Alzheimer Research; Division for Neurogeriatrics; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Taizo Ishikawa
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society; Center for Alzheimer Research; Division for Neurogeriatrics; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Birgitta Wiehager
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society; Center for Alzheimer Research; Division for Neurogeriatrics; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society; Center for Alzheimer Research; Division for Neurogeriatrics; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Lars O. Tjernberg
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society; Center for Alzheimer Research; Division for Neurogeriatrics; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Sophia Schedin-Weiss
- Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurobiology; Care Sciences and Society; Center for Alzheimer Research; Division for Neurogeriatrics; Huddinge Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Takabayashi S, Klein WP, Onodera C, Rapp B, Flores-Estrada J, Lindau E, Snowball L, Sam JT, Padilla JE, Lee J, Knowlton WB, Graugnard E, Yurke B, Kuang W, Hughes WL. High precision and high yield fabrication of dense nanoparticle arrays onto DNA origami at statistically independent binding sites. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13928-38. [PMID: 25311051 PMCID: PMC4547787 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High precision, high yield, and high density self-assembly of nanoparticles into arrays is essential for nanophotonics. Spatial deviations as small as a few nanometers can alter the properties of near-field coupled optical nanostructures. Several studies have reported assemblies of few nanoparticle structures with controlled spacing using DNA nanostructures with variable yield. Here, we report multi-tether design strategies and attachment yields for homo- and hetero-nanoparticle arrays templated by DNA origami nanotubes. Nanoparticle attachment yield via DNA hybridization is comparable with streptavidin-biotin binding. Independent of the number of binding sites, >97% site-occupation was achieved with four tethers and 99.2% site-occupation is theoretically possible with five tethers. The interparticle distance was within 2 nm of all design specifications and the nanoparticle spatial deviations decreased with interparticle spacing. Modified geometric, binomial, and trinomial distributions indicate that site-bridging, steric hindrance, and electrostatic repulsion were not dominant barriers to self-assembly and both tethers and binding sites were statistically independent at high particle densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadao Takabayashi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|