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Gao X, Hu Z, Wang Y, Zhao G, Shen Y, Zhou H, Liao Y, Li W, Peng Y, Zheng J. Metabolic Activation and Cytotoxicity of Gramine Mediated by CYP3A in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10897-10908. [PMID: 38691522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Gramine (GRM), which occurs in Gramineae plants, has been developed to be a biological insecticide. Exposure to GRM was reported to induce elevations of serum ALT and AST in rats, but the mechanisms of the observed hepatotoxicity have not been elucidated. The present study aimed to identify reactive metabolites that potentially participate in the toxicity. In rat liver microsomal incubations fortified with glutathione or N-acetylcysteine, one oxidative metabolite (M1), one glutathione conjugate (M2), and one N-acetylcysteine conjugate (M3) were detected after exposure to GRM. The corresponding conjugates were detected in the bile and urine of rats after GRM administration. CYP3A was the main enzyme mediating the metabolic activation of GRM. The detected GSH and NAC conjugates suggest that GRM was metabolized to a quinone imine intermediate. Both GRM and M1 showed significant toxicity to rat primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Gao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Zixia Hu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Guode Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yufen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P. R. China
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Wang H, Song J, Hunt BJ, Zuo K, Zhou H, Hayward A, Li B, Xiao Y, Geng X, Bass C, Zhou S. UDP-glycosyltransferases act as key determinants of host plant range in generalist and specialist Spodoptera species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402045121. [PMID: 38683998 PMCID: PMC11087754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402045121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytophagous insects have evolved sophisticated detoxification systems to overcome the antiherbivore chemical defenses produced by many plants. However, how these biotransformation systems differ in generalist and specialist insect species and their role in determining insect host plant range remains an open question. Here, we show that UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) play a key role in determining the host range of insect species within the Spodoptera genus. Comparative genomic analyses of Spodoptera species that differ in host plant breadth identified a relatively conserved number of UGT genes in generalist species but high levels of UGT gene pseudogenization in the specialist Spodoptera picta. CRISPR-Cas9 knockouts of the three main UGT gene clusters of Spodoptera frugiperda revealed that UGT33 genes play an important role in allowing this species to utilize the poaceous plants maize, wheat, and rice, while UGT40 genes facilitate utilization of cotton. Further functional analyses in vivo and in vitro identified the UGT SfUGT33F32 as the key mechanism that allows generalist S. frugiperda to detoxify the benzoxazinoid DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one), a potent insecticidal phytotoxin produced by poaceous plants. However, while this detoxification capacity is conserved in several generalist Spodoptera species, Spodoptera picta, which specializes on Crinum plants, is unable to detoxify DIMBOA due to a nonfunctionalizing mutation in SpUGT33F34. Collectively, these findings provide insight into the role of insect UGTs in host plant adaptation, the mechanistic basis of evolutionary transitions between generalism and specialism and offer molecular targets for controlling a group of notorious insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Jing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Benjamin J. Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Kairan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Huiru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Angela Hayward
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Bingbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Yajuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Xing Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, PenrynTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Shutang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng475004, Henan, China
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Choi MS, Lee J, Kim JM, Kim SG, Joo Y. Girdling behavior of the longhorn beetle modulates the host plant to enhance larval performance. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:49. [PMID: 38637737 PMCID: PMC11025245 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preingestive behavioral modulations of herbivorous insects on the host plant are abundant over insect taxa. Those behaviors are suspected to have functions such as deactivation of host plant defenses, nutrient accumulation, or modulating plant-mediated herbivore interactions. To understand the functional consequence of behavioral modulation of insect herbivore, we studied the girdling behavior of Phytoecia rufiventris Gautier (Lamiinae; Cerambycidae) on its host plant Erigeron annuus L. (Asteraceae) that is performed before endophytic oviposition in the stem. RESULTS The girdling behavior significantly increased the larval performance in both field monitoring and lab experiment. The upper part of the girdled stem exhibited lack of jasmonic acid induction upon larval attack, lowered protease inhibitor activity, and accumulated sugars and amino acids in compared to non-girdled stem. The girdling behavior had no effect on the larval performance of a non-girdling longhorn beetle Agapanthia amurensis, which also feeds on the stem of E. annuus during larval phase. However, the girdling behavior decreased the preference of A. amurensis females for oviposition, which enabled P. rufiventris larvae to avoid competition with A. amurensis larvae. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the girdling behavior modulates plant physiology and morphology to provide a modulated food source for larva and hide it from the competitor. Our study implies that the insect behavior modulations can have multiple functions, providing insights into adaptation of insect behavior in context of plant-herbivore interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 00826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 28644, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 00826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 28644, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 34141, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngsung Joo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 00826, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 28644, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu T, Wei B, Wang Y, Shang S. Glutathione S-Transferase Genes Involved in Response to Short-Term Heat Stress in Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:442. [PMID: 38671890 PMCID: PMC11047457 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae, a globally ubiquitous mite, poses a significant threat to agriculture. Elevated temperatures exacerbate the growth, development, and reproduction of T. urticae, leading to substantial crop damage. In this study, we employed comparative transcriptomic approaches with whole-genome information of T. urticae to identify six Glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTs) implicated in heat stress response. Through comprehensive bioinformatics analyses, we elucidated the tertiary structure and active sites of the corresponding proteins, providing a thorough characterization of these GST genes. Furthermore, we investigated the expression patterns of these six GST genes under short-term heat shock conditions. Our findings unveiled the involvement of T. urticae GST genes in combating oxidative stress induced by heat, underscoring their role in antioxidant defense mechanisms. This study contributes valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of T. urticae to heat stress, laying a foundation for the development of strategies aimed at mitigating its impact in high-temperature environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suqin Shang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.Z.); (B.W.); (Y.W.)
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5
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Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Liu H, Gou Y, Li C, Haq IU, Quandahor P, Liu C. Molecular Characterization Analysis and Adaptive Responses of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Nutritional and Enzymatic Variabilities in Various Maize Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:597. [PMID: 38475444 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a common agricultural pest known for its extensive migration and wide host ranges, causes considerable harm to maize (Zea mays L.). In this study, we utilized two molecular marker genes, COI and Tpi, to compare the genetic characteristics of the collected original samples. Additionally, through an interactive study between S. frugiperda larvae and six maize varieties aiming to understand the insect's adaptability and resistance mechanisms, our analysis revealed that both the COI and Tpi genes identified S. frugiperda as the corn strain. Further examination of the larvae showed significant differences in nutritional indices, digestive, and detoxification enzyme activities. Special maize varieties were found to offer higher efficiency in nutrient conversion and assimilation compared with common varieties. This study revealed adaptations in S. frugiperda's digestive and detoxification processes in response to the different maize varieties. For instance, larvae reared on common maize exhibited elevated amylase and lipase activities. Interestingly, detoxification enzyme activities exhibited different patterns of variation in different maize varieties. The Pearson correlation analysis between nutritional indices, enzyme activities, and the nutritional content and secondary metabolites of maize leaves provided deeper insights into the pest's adaptability. The results highlighted significant relationships between specific nutritional components in maize and the physiological responses of S. frugiperda. Overall, our findings contribute substantially to the understanding of S. frugiperda's host plant adaptability, offering critical insights for the development of sustainable pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangyan Zhang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanlei Zhang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Dingxi Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Dingxi 743099, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huiping Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuping Gou
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunchun Li
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Inzamam Ul Haq
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peter Quandahor
- CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale P.O. Box 52, Ghana
| | - Changzhong Liu
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Yang J, Yan SY, Li GC, Guo H, Tang R, Ma R, Cai QN. The brown planthopper NlDHRS11 is involved in the detoxification of rice secondary compounds. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4828-4838. [PMID: 37489868 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) is the most destructive serious pest in rice production. Resistant varieties are effective means to defend against BPH, but the impact of the ingestion of resistant rice on BPH transcriptional regulation is still unclear. Here, we explore the molecular basis of the regulation by BPH feeding on resistant rice. RESULTS BPH nymphs preferentially selected susceptible rice TN1 at 24 h after release in a choice test. Feeding on resistant rice IR56 under nonselective conditions increased mortality, decreased growth rate, and prolonged the molting time of BPH. Transcriptomic sequencing revealed 38 dysregulated genes, including 31 down-regulated and seven up-regulated genes in BPH feeding on resistant rice for 7 days compared with feeding on susceptible rice TN1. These genes were mainly involved in the pathways of growth and development, metabolism, energy synthesis, and transport. Finally, we showed that the toxicities of rice defensive compounds to BPH were dose-dependent, and silencing of the BPH gene dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 11 (NlDHRS11) increased sensibility to the rice secondary compounds ferulic acid and resorcinol. CONCLUSION The adaption of BPH feeding on resistant rice is orchestrated by dynamically regulating gene expressions, and NlDHRS11 is a gene involved in the detoxification of plant defensive chemicals. The current work provides new insights into the interaction between insects and plants, and will help to develop novel BPH control strategies. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Shu-Ying Yan
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyan Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Qing-Nian Cai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Quandahor P, Gou Y, Lin C, Liu C. Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) Leaf Extract Concentration Affects Performance and Oxidative Stress in Green Peach Aphids (Myzus persicae (Sulzer). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2757. [PMID: 36297780 PMCID: PMC9610024 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the aphicidal effect of a leaf extract of the Atlantic potato cultivar on the performance of green peach aphids. Three concentrations of the leaf extract (100, 75, and 50% potato extract), synthetic pesticide (Beta cypermethrin 4.5%), and distilled water (control) treatments were applied in a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that the synthetic pesticide, which was used as a standard check, caused the maximum aphid mortality, followed by the 100% potato leaf extract. Compared with the other botanical treatments, the 100% extract produced low mean rates of survival, aphids' average daily reproduction, the number of nymphs per plant, and the number of nymphs per adult. This treatment also increased the accumulation of hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione-s-transferase, mixed-function oxidase, and carboxylesterase content in the green peach aphid. Moreover, the 100% extract also protected the host plants against green peach aphid attacks by demonstrating higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, above-ground fresh weight, and above-ground dry weight of the host plant. This study demonstrates that the highest concentration of potato (Atlantic cultivar) leaf extract (100% extract) could be used as the appropriate dosage for the control of green peach aphids on potatoes, which could greatly reduce the use of synthetic insecticides and promote ecosystem sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quandahor
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
- CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale P.O. Box 52, Ghana
| | - Yuping Gou
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunyan Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Changzhong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Gupta A, Nair S. Heritable Epigenomic Modifications Influence Stress Resilience and Rapid Adaptations in the Brown Planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8728. [PMID: 35955860 PMCID: PMC9368798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation in insects is integral to cellular differentiation, development, gene regulation, genome integrity, and phenotypic plasticity. However, its evolutionary potential and involvement in facilitating rapid adaptations in insects are enigmatic. Moreover, our understanding of these mechanisms is limited to a few insect species, of which none are pests of crops. Hence, we studied methylation patterns in the brown planthopper (BPH), a major rice pest, under pesticide and nutritional stress, across its life stages. Moreover, as the inheritance of epigenetic changes is fundamentally essential for acclimation, adaptability, and evolution, we determined the heritability and persistence of stress-induced methylation marks in BPH across generations. Our results revealed that DNA methylation pattern(s) in BPH varies/vary with environmental cues and is/are insect life-stage specific. Further, our findings provide novel insights into the heritability of stress-induced methylation marks in BPH. However, it was observed that, though heritable, these marks eventually fade in the absence of the stressors, thereby suggesting the existence of fitness cost(s) associated with the maintenance of the stressed epigenotype. Furthermore, we demonstrate how 5-azacytidine-mediated disruption of BPH methylome influences expression levels of stress-responsive genes and, thereby, highlight demethylation/methylation as a phenomenon underlying stress resilience of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Nair
- Plant-Insect Interaction Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Hu C, Liu JY, Wang W, Mota-Sanchez D, He S, Shi Y, Yang XQ. Glutathione S-Transferase Genes are Involved in Lambda-Cyhalothrin Resistance in Cydia pomonella via Sequestration. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2265-2279. [PMID: 35157446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pest management is mostly accomplished by the use of insecticides. However, the overuse of insecticides has led to the development of resistance. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are vital detoxification enzymes involved in insecticide resistance in insects. In this study, we report the involvement of GSTs in insecticide resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in Cydia pomonella, a globally quarantined fruit pest. A total of 25 GST, including 22 cytosolic genes and 3 microsomal genes, are identified from the genome database of C. pomonella. These cytosolic genes are further classified into six classes, including four in delta, eight in epsilon, three in omega, three in sigma, one in theta, and one in zeta class, as well as two unclassified genes. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) shows that the majority of these genes are mainly expressed throughout the larval stage and in the midgut of the fourth-instar larvae. Exposure to an LD10 dose of lambda-cyhalothrin resulted in the upregulation of 17 GST genes. Moreover, mRNA levels of most GST genes, with the exception of CpGSTe6, CpGSTd2, CpGSTd4, and CpGSTz1, are considerably higher in a lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant population (ZW_R) than those of susceptible strains. Recombinant CpGSTd1, CpGSTd3, CpGSTe3, and CpGSTs2 can bind and metabolize lambda-cyhalothrin, with the highest metabolic rate observed for CpGSTd3 but no metabolite(s) was detected, supporting the role of GSTs in sequestration of lambda-cyhalothrin. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicates that key residues of hydrophobic pocket-derived lipophilic energy S(lipo) interactions with a hydrophobic pharmacophore of lambda-cyhalothrin are crucial for metabolism by CpGSTd3 and further lead to resistance. Our study is the first to experimentally confirm the involvement of GSTs in lambda-cyhalothrin resistance via sequestration and provides new insights into resistance management in C. pomonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - David Mota-Sanchez
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Shun He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue-Qing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
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Maver M, Escudero-Martinez C, Abbott J, Morris J, Hedley PE, Mimmo T, Bulgarelli D. Applications of the indole-alkaloid gramine modulate the assembly of individual members of the barley rhizosphere microbiota. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12498. [PMID: 34900424 PMCID: PMC8614190 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities proliferating at the root-soil interface, collectively referred to as the rhizosphere microbiota, represent an untapped beneficial resource for plant growth, development and health. Integral to a rational manipulation of the microbiota for sustainable agriculture is the identification of the molecular determinants of these communities. In plants, biosynthesis of allelochemicals is centre stage in defining inter-organismal relationships in the environment. Intriguingly, this process has been moulded by domestication and breeding selection. The indole-alkaloid gramine, whose occurrence in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is widespread among wild genotypes but has been counter selected in several modern varieties, is a paradigmatic example of this phenomenon. This prompted us to investigate how exogenous applications of gramine impacted on the rhizosphere microbiota of two, gramine-free, elite barley varieties grown in a reference agricultural soil. High throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that applications of gramine interfere with the proliferation of a subset of soil microbes with a relatively broad phylogenetic assignment. Strikingly, growth of these bacteria appeared to be rescued by barley plants in a genotype- and dosage-independent manner. In parallel, we discovered that host recruitment cues can interfere with the impact of gramine application in a host genotype-dependent manner. Interestingly, this latter effect displayed a bias for members of the phyla Proteobacteria. These initial observations indicate that gramine can act as a determinant of the prokaryotic communities inhabiting the root-soil interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maver
- Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - James Abbott
- Data Analysis Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pete E Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Tanja Mimmo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Competence Centre for Plant Health, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Davide Bulgarelli
- Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Gao S, Sun H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Sun P, Shang J, Zhang K, Li R. Knockdown of Uridine Diphosphate Glucosyltransferase 86Dg Enhances Susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to Artemisia vulgaris (Asterales: Asteraceae) Essential Oil. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2553-2561. [PMID: 34546358 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferases (UGTs), which are phase II detoxification enzymes, are found in various organisms. These enzymes play an important role in the detoxification mechanisms of plant allelopathy and in insects. Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asterales: Asteraceae: Artemisia) essential oil has strong contact toxicity to Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae. However, the effect of A. vulgaris essential oil on UGTs is unclear. In this study, A. vulgaris essential oil was shown to significantly induce the expression of the TcUgt86Dg transcript. Furthermore, treatment of TcUgt86Dg-silenced individuals with A. vulgaris essential oil resulted in higher mortality than for the control individuals, indicating that TcUgt86Dg is involved in detoxification of A. vulgaris essential oil in T. castaneum. The developmental expression profile showed that the expression of TcUgt86Dg in late adults was higher than in other developmental stages. Furthermore, the expression profile in adult tissues revealed higher expression of TcUgt86Dg in the head, antenna, fat body, and accessory gland than in other tissues. These data show that TcUgt86Dg may be involved in the metabolism of exogenous toxins by T. castaneum; thus, our results have elucidated one possible mechanism of resistance to A. vulgaris essential oil and provide a theoretical basis for a control scheme for T. castaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Haidi Sun
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Jin Shang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Kunpeng Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
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Yang J, Kong XD, Zhu-Salzman K, Qin QM, Cai QN. The Key Glutathione S-Transferase Family Genes Involved in the Detoxification of Rice Gramine in Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. INSECTS 2021; 12:1055. [PMID: 34940143 PMCID: PMC8704333 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical toxins are considered a defense measure for herbivore invasion. To adapt this defensive strategy, herbivores use glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) as an important detoxification enzyme to cope with toxic compounds, but the underlying molecular basis for GST genes in this process remains unclear. Here, we investigated the basis of how GST genes in brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) participated in the detoxification of gramine by RNA interference. For BPH, the LC25 and LC50 concentrations of gramine were 7.11 and 14.99 μg/mL at 72 h after feeding, respectively. The transcriptions of seven of eight GST genes in BPH were induced by a low concentration of gramine, and GST activity was activated. Although interferences of seven genes reduced BPH tolerance to gramine, only the expression of NlGST1-1, NlGSTD2, and NlGSTE1 was positively correlated with GST activities, and silencing of these three genes inhibited GST activities in BPH. Our findings reveal that two new key genes, NlGSTD2 and NlGSTE1, play an essential role in the detoxification of gramine such as NlGST1-1 does in BPH, which not only provides the molecular evidence for the coevolution theory, but also provides new insight into the development of an environmentally friendly strategy for herbivore population management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (X.-D.K.)
| | - Xiang-Dong Kong
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (X.-D.K.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Qing-Ming Qin
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qing-Nian Cai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (X.-D.K.)
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Monitoring and Green Control, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu H, Tang Y, Wang Q, Shi H, Yin J, Li C. Identification and Characterization of an Antennae-Specific Glutathione S-Transferase From the Indian Meal Moth. Front Physiol 2021; 12:727619. [PMID: 34512396 PMCID: PMC8427598 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.727619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) play essential roles in metabolizing endogenous and exogenous compounds. GSTs that are uniquely expressed in antennae are assumed to function as scavengers of pheromones and host volatiles in the odorant detection system. Based on this assumption, antennae-specific GSTs have been identified and functionally characterized in increasing number of insect species. In the present study, 17 putative GSTs were identified from the antennal transcriptomic dataset of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, a severe stored-grain pest worldwide. Among the GSTs, only PiGSTd1 is antennae-specific according to both Fragments Per Kilobase Million (FPKM) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Sequence analysis revealed that PiGSTd1 has a similar identity as many delta GSTs from other moths. Enzyme kinetic assays using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrates showed that the recombinant PiGSTd1 gave a Km of 0.2292 ± 0.01805 mM and a Vmax of 14.02 ± 0.2545 μmol·mg−1·min−1 under the optimal catalytic conditions (35°C and pH = 7.5). Further analysis revealed that the recombinant PiGSTd1 could efficiently degrade the sex pheromone component Z9-12:Ac (75.63 ± 5.52%), as well as aldehyde volatiles, including hexanal (89.10 ± 2.21%), heptanal (63.19 ± 5.36%), (E)-2-octenal (73.58 ± 3.92%), (E)-2-nonenal (75.81 ± 1.90%), and (E)-2-decenal (61.13 ± 5.24%). Taken together, our findings suggest that PiGSTd1 may play essential roles in degrading and inactivating a variety of odorants, especially sex pheromones and host volatiles of P. interpunctella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yin Tang
- College of plant protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qinying Wang
- College of plant protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongzhong Shi
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jian Yin
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, China
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Jan R, Khan MA, Asaf S, Lee IJ, Kim KM. Overexpression of OsF 3H modulates WBPH stress by alteration of phenylpropanoid pathway at a transcriptomic and metabolomic level in Oryza sativa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14685. [PMID: 32895423 PMCID: PMC7477192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The whitebacked planthopper (WBPH), has become a devastating pest for rice crops, causes serious yield losses each year, and urgently needs biological control. Here, we developed a WBPH-resistant rice cultivar by overexpressing the OsF3H gene. A genetic functional analysis of the OsF3H gene confirmed its role in facilitating flavonoid contents and have indicated that the expression of the OsF3H gene is involved in regulation of the downstream genes (OsDFR and OsFLS) of the flavonoid pathway and genes (OsSLR1 and OsWRKY13) involved in other physiological pathways. OxF3H (OsF3H transgenic) plants accumulated significant amounts of the flavonols kaempferol (Kr) and quercetin (Qu) and the anthocyanins delphinidin and cyanidin, compared to the wild type, in response to the stress induced by WBPH. Similarly, OsF3H-related proteins were significantly expressed in OxF3H lines after WBPH infestation. The present study, indicated that the regulation of JA in OxF3H plants was suppressed due the overexpression of the OsF3H gene, which induced the expression of downstream genes related to anthocyanin. Similarly, the OsWRKY13 transcriptional factor was significantly suppressed in OxF3H plants during WBPH infestation. Exogenous application of Kr and Qu increased the survival rates of susceptible TN1 lines in response to WBPH, while decreased the survival rate of first instar WBPHs, indicating that both flavonols exhibit pesticide activity. Phenotypic demonstration also affirms that OxF3H plants show strong resistance to WBPH compared with wild type. Collectively, our result suggested that OsF3H overexpression led to the up-regulation of defense related genes and enhanced rice resistance to WBPH infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatullah Jan
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Aqil Khan
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Wang D, Shi X, Liu D, Yang Y, Shang Z. Transcriptome Profiling Revealed Potentially Critical Roles for Digestion and Defense-Related Genes in Insects' Use of Resistant Host Plants: A Case Study with Sitobion Avenae. INSECTS 2020; 11:E90. [PMID: 32019207 PMCID: PMC7074007 DOI: 10.3390/insects11020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Using host plant resistance (HPR) in management of insect pests is often environmentally friendly and suitable for sustainable development of agricultural industries. However, this strategy can be limited by rapid evolution of insect populations that overcome HPR, for which the underlying molecular factors and mechanisms are not well understood. To address this issue, we analyzed transcriptomes of two distinct biotypes of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), on wheat and barley. This analysis revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between biotypes 1 and 3 on wheat and barley. The majority of them were common DEGs occurring on both wheat and barley. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses for these common DEGs demonstrated significant expression divergence between both biotypes in genes associated with digestion and defense. Top defense-related common DEGs with the most significant expression changes included three peroxidases, two UGTs (UDP-glycosyltransferase), two cuticle proteins, one glutathione S-transferases (GST), one superoxide dismutase, and one esterase, suggesting their potentially critical roles in the divergence of S. avenae biotypes. A relatively high number of specific DEGs on wheat were identified for peroxidases (9) and P450s (8), indicating that phenolic compounds and hydroxamic acids may play key roles in resistance of wheat against S. avenae. Enrichment of specific DEGs on barley for P450s and ABC transporters suggested their key roles in this aphid's detoxification against secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids) in barley. Our results can provide insights into the molecular factors and functions that explain biotype adaptation in insects and their use of resistant plants. This study also has significant implications for developing new resistant cultivars, developing strategies that limit rapid development of insect biotypes, and extending resistant crop cultivars' durability and sustainability in integrated management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shi
- Department of Foreign Languages, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;
| | - Deguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yujing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zheming Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (Z.S.)
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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16
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Pan BY, Li GY, Wu Y, Zhou ZS, Zhou M, Li C. Glucose Utilization in the Regulation of Chitin Synthesis in Brown Planthopper. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5574393. [PMID: 31557289 PMCID: PMC6761884 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and hexokinase (HK) are two key enzymes in the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways, which catalyze the synthesis and degradation of glucose in insects, respectively. G6Pase and HK play an important role in insect growth by regulating the metabolism of glucose, leading to the efficient metabolism of other macromolecules. However, it is unclear whether these genes could be investigated for pest control through their actions on chitin metabolism. We studied the potential functions of G6Pase and HK genes in the regulation of chitin metabolism pathways by RNAi technology. Interference with G6Pase expression did not affect trehalose and chitin metabolism pathways in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). However, knockdown of the HK gene resulted in a significant decrease of expression of genes associated with the trehalose metabolic pathway but had no significant effect on trehalase activity, trehalose content, or glucogen content. Additionally, HK knockdown resulting in downregulation of the genes involved in chitin metabolism in the brown planthopper. These insects also showed wing deformities and difficulty in molting to varying degrees. We suggest that the silencing of HK expression directly inhibited the decomposition of glucose, leading to impaired chitin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Ying Pan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, P.R. China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yong Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Shi Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Department of Biology and Engineering of Environment, Guiyang University, Guiyang, P.R. China
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Huang F, Hao Z, Yan F. Influence of Oilseed Rape Seed Treatment with Imidacloprid on Survival, Feeding Behavior, and Detoxifying Enzymes of Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10050144. [PMID: 31137546 PMCID: PMC6572145 DOI: 10.3390/insects10050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imidacloprid application, as a seed coating agent on oilseed rape, is recommended to control mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In this study, responses of L. erysimi were investigated, including survival, feeding behavior, and detoxifying enzymes, on the oilseed rape seedlings grown from seeds coated with imidacloprid at rates of 6, 12, or 18 g active ingredient (a.i.)/kg seed. The results showed that the aphids’ survival rate, together with that of the progeny of the survivors, on the seed-treated seedlings significantly decreased. This indicates that the aphid population in fields can be suppressed effectively. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique was used to record aphid feeding behaviors on two-, four-, and six-leaf stages of oilseed rape seedlings that had been seed-coated with imidacloprid, and individual responses were revealed during the aphid feeding behavior. On the plants at the two-leaf stage, aphid feeding behaviors were influenced, showing decreased frequency of stylet penetration into the leaf (probe) or into the mesophyll cells (potential drops, pds for short), and shortened duration of stylet event in the leaf (probe) or in the phloem. On the plants at the four- and six-leaf stages, these impacts of imidacloprid were weakened; however, the saliva secretion duration in phloem was shortened to less than 5 min in all imidacloprid treatments. The activity of mixed-function oxidase in aphids maintained on the treated seedlings with imidacloprid was elevated. In conclusion, imidacloprid could be used as a seed coating agent for aphid control, but chemical resistance in aphids should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongping Hao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Fengming Yan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Hao PY, Feng YL, Zhou YS, Song XM, Li HL, Ma Y, Ye CL, Yu XP. Schaftoside Interacts With NlCDK1 Protein: A Mechanism of Rice Resistance to Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:710. [PMID: 29896209 PMCID: PMC5986872 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål is a serious insect pest of rice in Asian countries. Active compounds have close relationship with rice resistance against BPH. In this study, HPLC, MS/MS, and NMR techniques were used to identify active compounds in total flavonoids of rice. As a result, a BPH resistance-associated compound, Peak 1 in HPLC chromatogram of rice flavonoids, was isolated and identified as schaftoside. Feeding experiment with artificial diet indicated that schaftoside played its role in a dose dependent manner, under the concentration of 0.10 and 0.15 mg mL-1, schaftoside showed a significant inhibitory effect on BPH survival (p < 0.05), in comparison with the control. The fluorescent spectra showed that schaftoside has a strong ability to bind with NlCDK1, a CDK1 kinase of BPH. The apparent association constant KA for NlCDK1 binding with schaftoside is 6.436 × 103 L/mol. Docking model suggested that binding of schaftoside might affect the activation of NlCDK1 as a protein kinase, mainly through interacting with amino acid residues Glu12, Thr14 and Val17 in the ATP binding element GXGXXGXV (Gly11 to Val18). Western blot using anti-phospho-CDK1 (pThr14) antibody confirmed that schaftoside treatment suppressed the phosphorylation on Thr-14 site of NlCDK1, thus inhibited its activation as a kinase. Therefore, this study revealed the schaftoside-NlCDK1 interaction mode, and unraveled a novel mechanism of rice resistance against BPH.
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Interaction of Ferulic Acid with Glutathione S-Transferase and Carboxylesterase Genes in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. J Chem Ecol 2017. [PMID: 28647840 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant phenolics are crucial defense phytochemicals against herbivores and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase (CarE) in herbivorous insects are well-known detoxification enzymes for such xenobiotics. To understand relationship between a plant phenolic and herbivore GST or CarE genes, we evaluated the relationship between a rice phenolic ferulic acid and resistance to brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), and investigated the interaction of ferulic acid with GST or CarE genes in BPH. The results indicate that ferulic acid content in tested rice varieties was highly associated with resistance to BPH. Bioassays using artificial diets show that the phenolic acid toxicity to BPH was dose dependent and the LC25 and LC50 were 5.81 and 23.30 μg/ml at 72 hr, respectively. Activities of the enzymes BPH GST and CarE were increased at concentrations below the LC50 of ferulic acid. Moreover, low ferulic acid concentrations (< LC25) upregulated the transcriptional levels of NlGSTD1 and NlGSTE1 of the GST family and NlCE of the CarE family. By using dsRNA-induced gene silencing (DIGS) of GST or CarE, it was shown that suppressed expression levels of NlGSTD1, NlGSTE1 and NlCE were 14.6%-21.2%, 27.8%-34.2%, and 10.5%-19.8%, respectively. Combination of NlGSTD1, NlGSTE1 or NlCE knockdown with ferulic acid increased nymph mortality by 92.9%, 119.9%, or 124.6%, respectively. These results suggest that depletion of detoxification genes in herbivorous insects by plant-mediated RNAi technology might be a new potential resource for improving rice resistance to BPH.
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He P, Zhang YF, Hong DY, Wang J, Wang XL, Zuo LH, Tang XF, Xu WM, He M. A reference gene set for sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation genes from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, based on genome and transcriptome digital gene expression analyses. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:219. [PMID: 28249567 PMCID: PMC5333385 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female moths synthesize species-specific sex pheromone components and release them to attract male moths, which depend on precise sex pheromone chemosensory system to locate females. Two types of genes involved in the sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation pathways play essential roles in this important moth behavior. To understand the function of genes in the sex pheromone pathway, this study investigated the genome-wide and digital gene expression of sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation genes in various adult tissues in the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, which is a notorious vegetable pest worldwide. Results A massive transcriptome data (at least 39.04 Gb) was generated by sequencing 6 adult tissues including male antennae, female antennae, heads, legs, abdomen and female pheromone glands from DBM by using Illumina 4000 next-generation sequencing and mapping to a published DBM genome. Bioinformatics analysis yielded a total of 89,332 unigenes among which 87 transcripts were putatively related to seven gene families in the sex pheromone biosynthesis pathway. Among these, seven [two desaturases (DES), three fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FAR) one acetyltransferase (ACT) and one alcohol dehydrogenase (AD)] were mainly expressed in the pheromone glands with likely function in the three essential sex pheromone biosynthesis steps: desaturation, reduction, and esterification. We also identified 210 odorant-degradation related genes (including sex pheromone-degradation related genes) from seven major enzyme groups. Among these genes, 100 genes are new identified and two aldehyde oxidases (AOXs), one aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), five carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs), five UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), eight cytochrome P450 (CYP) and three glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) displayed more robust expression in the antennae, and thus are proposed to participate in the degradation of sex pheromone components and plant volatiles. Conclusions To date, this is the most comprehensive gene data set of sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation enzyme related genes in DBM created by genome- and transcriptome-wide identification, characterization and expression profiling. Our findings provide a basis to better understand the function of genes with tissue enriched expression. The results also provide information on the genes involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation, and may be useful to identify potential gene targets for pest control strategies by disrupting the insect-insect communication using pheromone-based behavioral antagonists. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3592-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Fei Zhang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Duan-Yang Hong
- The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, Guizhou Medical University, Huaxi university town, Guian new district, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Liang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Hua Zuo
- Agriculture Economic and Rural Development, RENMIN University of China, Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Fu Tang
- Guizhou Grass Jelly Biotechnology Company Limited, Chishui, Zhunyi, 564700, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming He
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China.
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Sambangi P, Rani PU. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RESVERATROL AND COUMARIC ACID ON TWO MAJOR GROUNDNUT PESTS AND THEIR EGG PARASITOID BEHAVIOR. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 91:230-245. [PMID: 26890503 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Groundnut, Arachis hypogea L., is one of the plant species that synthesizes phenolic compounds, resveratrol and coumaric acid. They are induced as a defense strategy in plant in response to feeding lepidopterans. The present study investigated the role of resveratrol and coumaric acid in producing antiherbivore effects as a direct defense against two major groundnut pests, Spodoptera litura F. and Amsacta albistriga W., and in indirect defense by attracting the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii under laboratory conditions. The phenolic compounds deterred the feeding of both pests and caused reduction in the larval weights in a dose-dependent manner in leaf disk bioassays. Antioxidant mechanisms of larvae fed with these phenols were measured by estimating the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), and catalase (CAT). Enzyme activities increased significantly in experimental larvae, more so in resveratrol-treated than in coumaric acid treated larvae. Feeding larvae with resveratrol and coumaric acid resulted in enhanced activities of detoxifying enzymes, carboxyl esterase (EST), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the midgut tissues of both species, indicating the toxic nature of these compounds. Trichogramma chilonis was more attracted toward coumaric acid treatments in Y-olfactometer tests than to resveratrol. This study contributes to the understanding of the roles of resveratrol and coumaric acid in direct as well as indirect defense, we infer a possible utilization of these compounds in alternate measures of groundnut pest control in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyusha Sambangi
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Taranaka, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pathipati Usha Rani
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Taranaka, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Zou X, Xu Z, Zou H, Liu J, Chen S, Feng Q, Zheng S. Glutathione S-transferase SlGSTE1 in Spodoptera litura may be associated with feeding adaptation of host plants. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 70:32-43. [PMID: 26631599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera litura is polyphagous pest insect and feeds on plants of more than 90 families. In this study the role of glutathione S-transferase epilson 1 (slgste1) in S. litura in detoxification was examined. This gene was up-regulated in the midgut of S. litura at the transcriptional and protein levels when the insect fed on Brassica juncea or diet containing phytochemicals such as indole-3-carbinol and allyl-isothiocyanate that are metabolic products of sinigrin and glucobrassicin in B. juncea. The SlGSTE1 could catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione and indole-3-carbinol and allyl-isothiocyanate, as well as xanthotoxin, which is a furanocoumarin, under in vitro condition. When the expression of Slgste1 in the larvae was suppressed with RNAi, the larval growth and feeding rate were decreased. Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of the SlGSTE1 protein in the midgut of larvae that fed on different host plants was detected by 2-DE and ESI/MS analysis. The feeding adaptation from the most to the least of the larvae for the various host plants was Brassica alboglabra, Brassica linn. Pekinensis, Cucumis sativus, Ipomoea batatas, Arachis hypogaea and Capsicum frutescens. All the results together suggest that Slgste1 is a critical detoxifying enzyme that is induced by phytochmicals in the host plants and, inter alia, may be related to host plant adaptation of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiwang Zou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jisheng Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuna Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Sichun Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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You Y, Xie M, Ren N, Cheng X, Li J, Ma X, Zou M, Vasseur L, Gurr GM, You M. Characterization and expression profiling of glutathione S-transferases in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). BMC Genomics 2015; 16:152. [PMID: 25887517 PMCID: PMC4358871 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional detoxification enzymes that play important roles in insects. The completion of several insect genome projects has enabled the identification and characterization of GST genes over recent years. This study presents a genome-wide investigation of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, a species in which the GSTs are of special importance because this pest is highly resistant to many insecticides. Results A total of 22 putative cytosolic GSTs were identified from a published P. xylostella genome and grouped into 6 subclasses (with two unclassified). Delta, Epsilon and Omega GSTs were numerically superior with 5 genes for each of the subclasses. The resulting phylogenetic tree showed that the P. xylostella GSTs were all clustered into Lepidoptera-specific branches. Intron sites and phases as well as GSH binding sites were strongly conserved within each of the subclasses in the GSTs of P. xylostella. Transcriptome-, RNA-seq- and qRT-PCR-based analyses showed that the GST genes were developmental stage- and strain-specifically expressed. Most of the highly expressed genes in insecticide resistant strains were also predominantly expressed in the Malpighian tubules, midgut or epidermis. Conclusions To date, this is the most comprehensive study on genome-wide identification, characterization and expression profiling of the GST family in P. xylostella. The diversified features and expression patterns of the GSTs are inferred to be associated with the capacity of this species to develop resistance to a wide range of pesticides and biological toxins. Our findings provide a base for functional research on specific GST genes, a better understanding of the evolution of insecticide resistance, and strategies for more sustainable management of the pest. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1343-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun You
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Miao Xie
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Nana Ren
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Xuemin Cheng
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Jianyu Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Minming Zou
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Liette Vasseur
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,EH Graham Centre, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.
| | - Minsheng You
- Institute of Applied Ecology and Research Centre for Biodiversity and Eco-Safety, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Wan PJ, Jia S, Li N, Fan JM, Li GQ. A Halloween gene shadow is a potential target for RNA-interference-based pest management in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:199-206. [PMID: 24648012 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laodelphax striatellus is an economically important rice pest in China. Ecdysteroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone regulates insect development and reproduction. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase Shadow (Sad) plays a critical role in ecdysteroidogenesis. Here, tests were conducted to establish whether Lssad was a potential target gene for RNA-interference-based management of L. striatellus. RESULTS Lssad was cloned and characterised. LsSad had Helix-C, Helix-I, Helix-K, PERF and haem-binding motifs. Lssad is expressed at a higher level in the thorax, where prothoracic glands are located, compared with the level in the head or abdomen. It showed two expression peaks in day 2 and day 4-5 fourth-instar nymphs, and two troughs in day 1 fourth and fifth instars. Oral delivery of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of Lssad at the nymph stage successfully knocked down the expression of the target gene, reduced the expression level of ecdysone receptor (LsEcR) gene, caused nymphal lethality and delayed development in a dose-dependent manner. Ingestion of 20-hydroxyecdysone in Lssad-dsRNA-exposed nymphs did not increase Lssad expression level, but almost completely rescued the LsEcR mRNA level and relieved the negative effects on survival and development. CONCLUSIONS The ecdysteroidogenic pathway is conserved in L. striatellus. Lssad can serve as a possible target for dsRNA-based pesticides for planthopper control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Jun Wan
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Asokan R, Rebijith KB, Roopa HK, Kumar NKK. Non-Invasive Delivery of dsGST Is Lethal to the Sweet Potato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (G.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:2288-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Enya S, Ameku T, Igarashi F, Iga M, Kataoka H, Shinoda T, Niwa R. A Halloween gene noppera-bo encodes a glutathione S-transferase essential for ecdysteroid biosynthesis via regulating the behaviour of cholesterol in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6586. [PMID: 25300303 PMCID: PMC4192634 DOI: 10.1038/srep06586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In insects, the precise timing of moulting and metamorphosis is strictly guided by ecdysteroids that are synthesised from dietary cholesterol in the prothoracic gland (PG). In the past decade, several ecdysteroidogenic enzymes, some of which are encoded by the Halloween genes, have been identified and characterised. Here, we report a novel Halloween gene, noppera-bo (nobo), that encodes a member of the glutathione S-transferase family. nobo was identified as a gene that is predominantly expressed in the PG of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We generated a nobo knock-out mutant, which displayed embryonic lethality and a naked cuticle structure. These phenotypes are typical for Halloween mutants showing embryonic ecdysteroid deficiency. In addition, the PG-specific nobo knock-down larvae displayed an arrested phenotype and reduced 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) titres. Importantly, both embryonic and larval phenotypes were rescued by the administration of 20E or cholesterol. We also confirm that PG cells in nobo loss-of-function larvae abnormally accumulate cholesterol. Considering that cholesterol is the most upstream material for ecdysteroid biosynthesis in the PG, our results raise the possibility that nobo plays a crucial role in regulating the behaviour of cholesterol in steroid biosynthesis in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Enya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tomotsune Ameku
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Igarashi
- 1] Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan [2]
| | - Masatoshi Iga
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinoda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- 1] Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan [2] PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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Chen S, Luetje CW. Trace amines inhibit insect odorant receptor function through antagonism of the co-receptor subunit. F1000Res 2014; 3:84. [PMID: 25075297 PMCID: PMC4097363 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.3825.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many insect behaviors are driven by olfaction, making insect olfactory receptors (ORs) appealing targets for insect control. Insect ORs are odorant-gated ion channels, with each receptor thought to be composed of a representative from a large, variable family of odorant binding subunits and a highly conserved co-receptor subunit (Orco), assembled in an unknown stoichiometry. Synthetic Orco directed agonists and antagonists have recently been identified. Several Orco antagonists have been shown to act via an allosteric mechanism to inhibit OR activation by odorants. The high degree of conservation of Orco across insect species results in Orco antagonists having broad activity at ORs from a variety of insect species and suggests that the binding site for Orco ligands may serve as a modulatory site for compounds endogenous to insects or may be a target of exogenous compounds, such as those produced by plants. To test this idea, we screened a series of biogenic and trace amines, identifying several as Orco antagonists. Of particular interest were tryptamine, a plant-produced amine, and tyramine, an amine endogenous to the insect nervous system. Tryptamine was found to be a potent antagonist of Orco, able to block Orco activation by an Orco agonist and to allosterically inhibit activation of ORs by odorants. Tyramine had effects similar to those of tryptamine, but was less potent. Importantly, both tryptamine and tyramine displayed broad activity, inhibiting odorant activation of ORs of species from three different insect orders (Diptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera), as well as odorant activation of six diverse ORs from a single species (the human malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae). Our results suggest that endogenous and exogenous natural compounds serve as Orco ligands modulating insect olfaction and that Orco can be an important target for the development of novel insect repellants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Charles W. Luetje
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
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RNA interference depletion of the Halloween gene disembodied implies its potential application for management of planthopper Sogatella furcifera and Laodelphax striatellus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86675. [PMID: 24489765 PMCID: PMC3904942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sogatella furcifera and Laodelphax striatellus are economically important rice pests in China by acting as vectors of several rice viruses, sucking the phloem sap and blocking the phloem vessels. Ecdysteroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone regulates insect development and reproduction. A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP302A1 (22-hydroxylase), encoded by the Halloween gene disembodied (dib), plays a critical role in ecdysteroidogenesis. The objective of this study is to test whether dib genes are potential targets for RNA interference-based management of S. furcifera and L. striatellus. We cloned and characterized Sfdib and Lsdib. The open reading frame regions of dib genes were generated and used for designing and constructing dsRNA fragments. Experiments were conducted using oral delivery of dsdib to investigate the effectiveness of RNAi in S. furcifera and L. striatellus nymphs. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis demonstrated that continuous ingestion of dsdib at the concentration of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.50 mg/ml diminished Sfdib expression levels by 35.9%, 45.1% and 66.2%, and ecdysone receptor (SfEcR) gene mRNA levels by 34.0%, 36.2% and 58.5% respectively in S. furcifera, and decreased Lsdib expression level by 18.8%, 35.8% and 56.7%, and LsEcR mRNA levels by 25.2%, 46.8% and 68.8% respectively in L. striatellus. The reduction in dib and EcR transcript abundance resulted in observable phenotypes. The development of nymphs was impaired and the survival was negatively affected. Our data will enable the development of new insect control strategies and functional analysis of vital genes in S. furcifera and L. striatellus nymphs.
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