1
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Li T, Li J, Bo L, Bachman H, Fan B, Cheng J, Tian Z. Robot-assisted chirality-tunable acoustic vortex tweezers for contactless, multifunctional, 4-DOF object manipulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm7698. [PMID: 38787945 PMCID: PMC11122681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Robotic manipulation of small objects has shown great potential for engineering, biology, and chemistry research. However, existing robotic platforms have difficulty in achieving contactless, high-resolution, 4-degrees-of-freedom (4-DOF) manipulation of small objects, and noninvasive maneuvering of objects in regions shielded by tissue and bone barriers. Here, we present chirality-tunable acoustic vortex tweezers that can tune acoustic vortex chirality, transmit through biological barriers, trap single micro- to millimeter-sized objects, and control object rotation. Assisted by programmable robots, our acoustic systems further enable contactless, high-resolution translation of single objects. Our systems were demonstrated by tuning acoustic vortex chirality, controlling object rotation, and translating objects along arbitrary-shaped paths. Moreover, we used our systems to trap single objects in regions with tissue and skull barriers and translate an object inside a Y-shaped channel of a thick biomimetic phantom. In addition, we showed the function of ultrasound imaging-assisted acoustic manipulation by monitoring acoustic object manipulation via live ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Luyu Bo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Bei Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jiangtao Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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2
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Magnusson C, Augustsson P, Undvall Anand E, Lenshof A, Josefsson A, Welén K, Bjartell A, Ceder Y, Lilja H, Laurell T. Acoustic Enrichment of Heterogeneous Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters from Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6914-6921. [PMID: 38655666 PMCID: PMC11079855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are important unmet clinical needs to develop cell enrichment technologies to enable unbiased label-free isolation of both single cell and clusters of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) manifesting heterogeneous lineage specificity. Here, we report a pilot study based on the microfluidic acoustophoresis enrichment of CTCs using the CellSearch CTC assay as a reference modality. METHODS Acoustophoresis uses an ultrasonic standing wave field to separate cells based on biomechanical properties (size, density, and compressibility), resulting in inherently label-free and epitope-independent cell enrichment. Following red blood cell lysis and paraformaldehyde fixation, 6 mL of whole blood from 12 patients with metastatic prostate cancer and 20 healthy controls were processed with acoustophoresis and subsequent image cytometry. RESULTS Acoustophoresis enabled enrichment and characterization of phenotypic CTCs (EpCAM+, Cytokeratin+, DAPI+, CD45-/CD66b-) in all patients with metastatic prostate cancer and detected CTC-clusters composed of only CTCs or heterogeneous aggregates of CTCs clustered with various types of white blood cells in 9 out of 12 patients. By contrast, CellSearch did not detect any CTC clusters, but detected comparable numbers of phenotypic CTCs as acoustophoresis, with trends of finding a higher number of CTCs using acoustophoresis. CONCLUSION Our preliminary data indicate that acoustophoresis provides excellent possibilities to detect and characterize CTC clusters as a putative marker of metastatic disease and outcomes. Moreover, acoustophoresis enables the sensitive label-free enrichment of cells with epithelial phenotypes in blood and offers opportunities to detect and characterize CTCs undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitioning and lineage plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Magnusson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Per Augustsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Eva Undvall Anand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lenshof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Andreas Josefsson
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Urology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg SE-41345, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90187, Sweden
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Institute of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90185, Sweden
| | - Karin Welén
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Urology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg SE-41345, Sweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Ceder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine (GU Oncology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
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3
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Alsved J, Rezayati Charan M, Ohlsson P, Urbansky A, Augustsson P. Label-free separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from whole blood by gradient acoustic focusing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8748. [PMID: 38627566 PMCID: PMC11021555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient techniques for separating target cells from undiluted blood are necessary for various diagnostic and research applications. This paper presents acoustic focusing in dense media containing iodixanol to purify peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from whole blood in a label-free and flow-through format. If the blood is laminated or mixed with iodixanol solutions while passing through the resonant microchannel, all the components (fluids and cells) rearrange according to their acoustic impedances. Red blood cells (RBCs) have higher effective acoustic impedance than PBMCs. Therefore, they relocate to the pressure node despite the dense medium, while PBMCs stay near the channel walls due to their negative contrast factor relative to their surrounding medium. By modifying the medium and thus tuning the contrast factor of the cells, we enriched PBMCs relative to RBCs by a factor of 3600 to 11,000 and with a separation efficiency of 85%. That level of RBC depletion is higher than most other microfluidic methods and similar to that of density gradient centrifugation. The current acoustophoretic chip runs up to 20 µl/min undiluted whole blood and can be integrated with downstream analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Alsved
- AcouSort AB, Medicon Village, S-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mahdi Rezayati Charan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Ole Römers väg 3, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pelle Ohlsson
- AcouSort AB, Medicon Village, S-223 81, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Ole Römers väg 3, 22363, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anke Urbansky
- AcouSort AB, Medicon Village, S-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Augustsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Ole Römers väg 3, 22363, Lund, Sweden.
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4
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Magnusson C, Augustsson P, Anand EU, Lenshof A, Josefsson A, Welén K, Bjartell A, Ceder Y, Lilja H, Laurell T. Acoustic enrichment of heterogenous circulating tumor cells and clusters from patients with metastatic prostate cancer. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.04.23299128. [PMID: 38106097 PMCID: PMC10723509 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.23299128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background There are important unmet clinical needs to develop cell enrichment technologies to enable unbiased label-free isolation of both single cell and clusters of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) manifesting heterogeneous lineage specificity. Here, we report a pilot study based on microfluidic acoustophoresis enrichment of CTCs using the CellSearch CTC assay as a reference modality. Methods Acoustophoresis uses an ultrasonic standing wave field to separate cells based on biomechanical properties (size, density, and compressibility) resulting in inherently label-free and epitope-independent cell enrichment. Following red blood cell lysis and paraformaldehyde fixation, 6 mL of whole blood from 12 patients with metastatic prostate cancer and 20 healthy controls were processed with acoustophoresis and subsequent image cytometry. Results Acoustophoresis enabled enrichment and characterization of phenotypic CTCs (EpCAM+, Cytokeratin+, DAPI+, CD45-/CD66b-) in all patients with metastatic prostate cancer and detected CTC-clusters composed of only CTCs or heterogenous aggregates of CTCs clustered with various types of white blood cells in 9 out of 12 patients. By contrast, CellSearch did not detect any CTC-clusters, but detected comparable numbers of phenotypic CTCs as acoustophoresis, with trends of finding higher number of CTCs using acoustophoresis. Conclusion Our preliminary data indicate that acoustophoresis provides excellent possibilities to detect and characterize CTC-clusters as a putative marker of metastatic disease and outcomes. Moreover, acoustophoresis enables sensitive label-free enrichment of cells with epithelial phenotype in blood and offers opportunities to detect and characterize CTCs undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitioning and lineage plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Augustsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Lenshof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Josefsson
- Intitute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Urology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Institute of surgery and perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Welén
- Intitute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Urology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Department of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Ceder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine (GU Oncology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Mahani MA, Karimvand AN, Naserifar N. Optimized hybrid dielectrophoretic microchip for separation of bioparticles. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300257. [PMID: 37480169 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care diagnostics requires a smart separation of particles and/or cells. In this work, the multiorifice fluid fractionation as a passive method and dielectrophoresis-based actuator as an active tool are combined to offer a new device for size-based particle separation. The main objective of the combination of these two well-established techniques is to improve the performance of the multiorifice fluid fractionation by taking advantage of dielectrophoresis-based actuator for separating particles. Initially, by using numerical simulations, the effect of using dielectrophoresis-based actuator in multiorifice fluid fractionation on the separation of particles was investigated, and the size of the device was optimized by 25% compared to a device without dielectrophoresis-based actuator. Also, adding dielectrophoresis-based actuator to multiorifice fluid fractionation can extend the range of flow rates needed for separation. In the absence of dielectrophoresis-based actuator, the separation took place only when the flow rate is 100 μL/min, in the presence of dielectrophoresis-based actuator (20 Vp-p), the separation happened in flow rates ranging from 70 to 120 μL/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moheb Amir Mahani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Naser Naserifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Fakhfouri A, Colditz M, Devendran C, Ivanova K, Jacob S, Neild A, Winkler A. Fully Microfabricated Surface Acoustic Wave Tweezer for Collection of Submicron Particles and Human Blood Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24023-24033. [PMID: 37188328 PMCID: PMC10215297 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Precise manipulation of (sub)micron particles is key for the preparation, enrichment, and quality control in many biomedical applications. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) hold tremendous promise for manipulation of (bio)particles at the micron to nanoscale ranges. In commonly used SAW tweezers, particle manipulation relies on the direct acoustic radiation effect whose superior performance fades rapidly when progressing from micron to nanoscale particles due to the increasing dominance of a second order mechanism, termed acoustic streaming. Through reproducible and high-precision realization of stiff microchannels to reliably actuate the microchannel cross-section, here we introduce an approach that allows the otherwise competing acoustic streaming to complement the acoustic radiation effect. The synergetic effect of both mechanisms markedly enhances the manipulation of nanoparticles, down to 200 nm particles, even at relatively large wavelength (300 μm). Besides spherical particles ranging from 0.1 to 3 μm, we show collections of cells mixed with different sizes and shapes inherently existing in blood including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Colditz
- Leibniz-IFW
Dresden, Helmholtzstr.
20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Citsabehsan Devendran
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Jacob
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee
100, 38116, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Adrian Neild
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Andreas Winkler
- Leibniz-IFW
Dresden, Helmholtzstr.
20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Vachon P, Merugu S, Sharma J, Lal A, Ng EJ, Koh Y, Lee JEY, Lee C. Microfabricated acoustofluidic membrane acoustic waveguide actuator for highly localized in-droplet dynamic particle manipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1865-1878. [PMID: 36852544 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precision manipulation techniques in microfluidics often rely on ultrasonic actuators to generate displacement and pressure fields in a liquid. However, strategies to enhance and confine the acoustofluidic forces often work against miniaturization and reproducibility in fabrication. This study presents microfabricated piezoelectric thin film membranes made via silicon diffusion for guided flexural wave generation as promising acoustofluidic actuators with low frequency, voltage, and power requirements. The guided wave propagation can be dynamically controlled to tune and confine the induced acoustofluidic radiation force and streaming. This provides for highly localized dynamic particle manipulation functionalities such as multidirectional transport, patterning, and trapping. The device combines the advantages of microfabrication and advanced acoustofluidic capabilities into a miniature "drop-and-actuate" chip that is mechanically robust and features a high degree of reproducibility for large-scale production. The membrane acoustic waveguide actuators offer a promising pathway for acoustofluidic applications such as biosensing, organoid production, and in situ analyte transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vachon
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | | | - Amit Lal
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
- SonicMEMS Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Eldwin J Ng
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Yul Koh
- Institute of Microelectronics, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Vijayakumar V, Dabbi JM, Walker JL, Mertiri A, Christianson RJ, Fiering J. Rosette-induced separation of T cells by acoustophoresis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:054107. [PMID: 36275916 PMCID: PMC9586706 DOI: 10.1063/5.0109017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Breakthrough cell therapies for the treatment of cancers require the separation of specific cells, such as T cells, from the patient's blood. Current cell therapy processes rely on magnetic separation, which adds clinical risk and requires elevated manufacturing controls due to the added foreign material that constitutes the magnetic beads. Acoustophoresis, a method that uses ultrasound for cell separation, has demonstrated label-free enrichment of T cells from blood, but residual other lymphocytes limit the ultimate purity of the output T cell product. Here, to increase the specificity of acoustophoresis, we use affinity reagents to conjugate red blood cells with undesired white blood cells, resulting in a cell-cell complex (rosette) of increased acoustic mobility. We achieve up to 99% purity of T cells from blood products, comparable to current standards of magnetic separation, yet without the addition of separation particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Vijayakumar
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J. M. Dabbi
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J. L. Walker
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A. Mertiri
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - J. Fiering
- Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Macaraniag C, Luan Q, Zhou J, Papautsky I. Microfluidic techniques for isolation, formation, and characterization of circulating tumor cells and clusters. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:031501. [PMID: 35856010 PMCID: PMC9288269 DOI: 10.1063/5.0093806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters that are shed from the primary tumor into the bloodstream are associated with a poor prognosis, elevated metastatic potential, higher proliferation rate, and distinct molecular features compared to single CTCs. Studying CTC clusters may give us information on the differences in the genetic profiles, somatic mutations, and epigenetic changes in circulating cells compared to the primary tumor and metastatic sites. Microfluidic systems offer the means of studying CTC clusters through the ability to efficiently isolate these rare cells from the whole blood of patients in a liquid biopsy. Microfluidics can also be used to develop in vitro models of CTC clusters and make possible their characterization and analysis. Ultimately, microfluidic systems can offer the means to gather insight on the complexities of the metastatic process, the biology of cancer, and the potential for developing novel or personalized therapies. In this review, we aim to discuss the advantages and challenges of the existing microfluidic systems for working with CTC clusters. We hope that an improved understanding of the role microfluidics can play in isolation, formation, and characterization of CTC clusters, which can lead to increased sophistication of microfluidic platforms in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Macaraniag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Qiyue Luan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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10
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Li Y, Cai S, Shen H, Chen Y, Ge Z, Yang W. Recent advances in acoustic microfluidics and its exemplary applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:031502. [PMID: 35712527 PMCID: PMC9197543 DOI: 10.1063/5.0089051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic-based microfluidics has been widely used in recent years for fundamental research due to its simple device design, biocompatibility, and contactless operation. In this article, the basic theory, typical devices, and technical applications of acoustic microfluidics technology are summarized. First, the theory of acoustic microfluidics is introduced from the classification of acoustic waves, acoustic radiation force, and streaming flow. Then, various applications of acoustic microfluidics including sorting, mixing, atomization, trapping, patterning, and acoustothermal heating are reviewed. Finally, the development trends of acoustic microfluidics in the future were summarized and looked forward to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shuxiang Cai
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Honglin Shen
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhixing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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11
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A microfluidic device for label-free separation sensitivity enhancement of circulating tumor cells of various and similar size. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Mokhtare A, Davaji B, Xie P, Yaghoobi M, Rosenwaks Z, Lal A, Palermo G, Abbaspourrad A. Non-contact ultrasound oocyte denudation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:777-792. [PMID: 35075469 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00715g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cumulus removal (CR) is a central prerequisite step for many protocols involved in the assisted reproductive technology (ART) such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). The most prevalent CR technique is based upon laborious manual pipetting, which suffers from inter-operator variability and therefore a lack of standardization. Automating CR procedures would alleviate many of these challenges, improving the odds of a successful ART or PGT outcome. In this study, a chip-scale ultrasonic device consisting of four interdigitated transducers (IDT) on a lithium niobate substrate has been engineered to deliver megahertz (MHz) range ultrasound to perform denudation. The acoustic streaming and acoustic radiation force agitate COCs inside a microwell placed on top of the LiNbO3 substrate to remove the cumulus cells from the oocytes. This paper demonstrates the capability and safety of the denudation procedure utilizing surface acoustic wave (SAW), achieving automation of this delicate manual procedure and paving the steps toward improved and standardized oocyte manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mokhtare
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Benyamin Davaji
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Philip Xie
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Mohammad Yaghoobi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Zev Rosenwaks
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Amit Lal
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gianpiero Palermo
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Undvall Anand E, Magnusson C, Lenshof A, Ceder Y, Lilja H, Laurell T. Two-Step Acoustophoresis Separation of Live Tumor Cells from Whole Blood. Anal Chem 2021; 93:17076-17085. [PMID: 34913344 PMCID: PMC8717332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
There is an unmet
clinical need to extract living circulating tumor
cells (CTCs) for functional studies and in vitro expansion
to enable drug testing and predict responses to therapy in metastatic
cancer. Here, we present a novel two-step acoustophoresis (A2) method for isolation of unfixed, viable cancer cells from red blood
cell (RBC) lysed whole blood. The A2 method uses an initial
acoustofluidic preseparation step to separate cells based on their
acoustic mobility. This acoustofluidic step enriches viable cancer
cells in a central outlet, but a significant number of white blood
cells (WBCs) remain in the central outlet fraction due to overlapping
acoustophysical properties of these viable cells. A subsequent purging
step was employed to remove contaminating WBCs through negative selection
acoustophoresis with anti-CD45-functionalized negative acoustic contrast
particles. We processed 1 mL samples of 1:1 diluted RBC lysed whole
blood mixed with 10 000 DU145 cells through the A2 method. Additional experiments were performed using 1000 DU145 cells
spiked into 1.5 × 106 WBCs in 1 mL of buffer to further
elucidate the dynamic range of the method. Using samples with 10 000
DU145 cells, we obtained 459 ± 188-fold depletion of WBC and
42% recovery of viable cancer cells. Based on spiked samples with
1000 DU145 cells, our cancer cell recovery was 28% with 247 ±
156-fold WBC depletion corresponding to a depletion efficacy of ≥99.5%.
The novel A2 method provides extensive elimination of WBCs
combined with the gentle recovery of viable cancer cells suitable
for downstream functional analyses and in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Undvall Anand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Magnusson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lenshof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Ceder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine (GU Oncology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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14
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Novotny J, Lenshof A, Laurell T. Acoustofluidic platforms for particle manipulation. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:804-818. [PMID: 34719049 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in acoustics for microfluidic applications. This field, commonly known as acoustofluidics involves the interaction of ultrasonic standing waves with fluids and dispersed microparticles. The combination of microfluidics and the so-called acoustic standing waves (ASWs) led to the development of integrated systems for contact-less on-chip cell and particle manipulation where it is possible to move and spatially localize these particles based on the different acoustophysical properties. While it was initially suggested that the acoustic forces could be harmful to the cells and could impact cell viability, proliferation, or function via phenotypic or even genotypic changes, further studies disproved such claims. This review is summarizing some interesting applications of acoustofluidics in the manipulations of biomaterials, such as cells or subcellular vesicles, in works published mainly within the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Novotny
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Lenshof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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15
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Farmehini V, Kiendzior S, Landers JP, Swami NS. Real-Time Detection and Control of Microchannel Resonance Frequency in Acoustic Trapping Systems by Monitoring Amplifier Supply Currents. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3765-3772. [PMID: 34586786 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of bulk acoustic waves from a piezoelectric transducer for selective particle trapping under flow in a microchannel is limited by the high sensitivity of the resonance frequency to tolerances in device geometry, drift during trapping, and variations in the local flow or sample conditions in each channel. This is addressed by detecting the resonance condition based on the impedance minimum obtained by monitoring the amplitude of the stimulation voltage across the piezo transducer and utilizing real-time feedback to control the stimulation frequency. However, this requires an overlap in the frequency bandwidth of the detection and the stimulation system and is also limited by the decline in the acoustic trapping power when the stimulation and resonance frequency measurement are conducted simultaneously. Instead, we present a novel circuit implementation for on-chip real-time resonance frequency measurement and feedback control based on monitoring the current drawn from the amplifier used to stimulate the piezo transducer, since the need for high measurement sensitivity in this mode does not lower the power available for stimulation of the transducer. The enhanced level of control of acoustic trapping utilizing this current mode is validated for various localized channel perturbations, including drift, wash steps, and buffer swaps, as well as for selective sperm cell trapping from a heterogeneous sample that includes lysed epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Farmehini
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Sadie Kiendzior
- Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - James P. Landers
- Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathan S. Swami
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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16
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Olm F, Panse L, Dykes JH, Bexell D, Laurell T, Scheding S. Label-free separation of neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells from hematopoietic progenitor cell products by acoustophoresis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:542. [PMID: 34654486 PMCID: PMC8518319 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graft-contaminating tumor cells correlate with inferior outcome in high-risk neuroblastoma patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and can contribute to relapse. Motivated by the potential therapeutic benefit of tumor cell removal as well as the high prognostic and diagnostic value of isolated circulating tumor cells from stem cell grafts, we established a label-free acoustophoresis-based microfluidic technology for neuroblastoma enrichment and removal from peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) products. Methods Neuroblastoma patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells were spiked into PBPC apheresis samples as a clinically relevant model system. Cells were separated by ultrasound in an acoustophoresis microchip and analyzed for recovery, purity and function using flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and cell culture. Results PDX cells and PBPCs showed distinct size distributions, which is an important parameter for efficient acoustic separation. Acoustic cell separation did not affect neuroblastoma cell growth. Acoustophoresis allowed to effectively separate PDX cells from spiked PBPC products. When PBPCs were spiked with 10% neuroblastoma cells, recoveries of up to 98% were achieved for PDX cells while more than 90% of CD34+ stem and progenitor cells were retained in the graft. At clinically relevant tumor cell contamination rates (0.1 and 0.01% PDX cells in PBPCs), neuroblastoma cells were depleted by more than 2-log as indicated by RT-PCR analysis of PHOX2B, TH and DDC genes, while > 85% of CD34+ cells could be retained in the graft. Conclusion These results demonstrate the potential use of label-free acoustophoresis for PBPC processing and its potential to develop label-free, non-contact tumor cell enrichment and purging procedures for future clinical use. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02612-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Olm
- Lund Stem Cell Centre and Division of Molecular Haematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, BMC B12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lena Panse
- Lund Stem Cell Centre and Division of Molecular Haematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, BMC B12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Biotechnology, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefina H Dykes
- Division of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Division of Nanobiotechnology and Lab-On-a-Chip, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Lund Stem Cell Centre and Division of Molecular Haematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 26, BMC B12, 221 84, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Haematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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17
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Liu G, Lei J, Cheng F, Li K, Ji X, Huang Z, Guo Z. Ultrasonic Particle Manipulation in Glass Capillaries: A Concise Review. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:876. [PMID: 34442498 PMCID: PMC8398087 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic particle manipulation (UPM), a non-contact and label-free method that uses ultrasonic waves to manipulate micro- or nano-scale particles, has recently gained significant attention in the microfluidics community. Moreover, glass is optically transparent and has dimensional stability, distinct acoustic impedance to water and a high acoustic quality factor, making it an excellent material for constructing chambers for ultrasonic resonators. Over the past several decades, glass capillaries are increasingly designed for a variety of UPMs, e.g., patterning, focusing, trapping and transporting of micron or submicron particles. Herein, we review established and emerging glass capillary-transducer devices, describing their underlying mechanisms of operation, with special emphasis on the application of glass capillaries with fluid channels of various cross-sections (i.e., rectangular, square and circular) on UPM. We believe that this review will provide a superior guidance for the design of glass capillary-based UPM devices for acoustic tweezers-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junjun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kemin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuanrong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhigang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (G.L.); (F.C.); (K.L.); (X.J.); (Z.H.); (Z.G.)
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Non-Traditional Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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18
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Hammarström B, Skov NR, Olofsson K, Bruus H, Wiklund M. Acoustic trapping based on surface displacement of resonance modes. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:1445. [PMID: 33765798 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic trapping is a promising technique for aligning particles in two-dimensional arrays, as well as for dynamic manipulation of particles individually or in groups. The actuating principles used in current systems rely on either cavity modes in enclosures or complex arrangements for phase control. Therefore, available systems either require high power inputs and costly peripheral equipment or sacrifice flexibility. This work presents a different concept for acoustic trapping of particles and cells that enables dynamically defined trapping patterns inside a simple and inexpensive setup. Here, dynamic operation and dexterous trapping are realized through the use of a modified piezoelectric transducer in direct contact with the liquid sample. Physical modeling shows how the transducer induces an acoustic force potential where the conventional trapping in the axial direction is supplemented by surface displacement dependent lateral trapping. The lateral field is a horizontal array of pronounced potential minima with frequency-dependent locations. The resulting system enables dynamic arraying of levitated trapping sites at low power and can be manufactured at ultra-low cost, operated using low-cost electronics, and assembled in less than 5 min. We demonstrate dynamic patterning of particles and biological cells and exemplify potential uses of the technique for cell-based sample preparation and cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Hammarström
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils R Skov
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Physics Building 309, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karl Olofsson
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Bruus
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Physics Building 309, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Wiklund
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-114 21 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Pei Z, Ma Y, Wang C, Wu Y, Song F, Wu X. Optimal design of a driver of interdigital transducers used to generate standing surface acoustic waves for cell sorting. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:034705. [PMID: 33820111 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A compact driver based on current feedback amplifiers is designed to drive interdigital transducers (IDTs) that generate standing surface acoustic waves for cell sorting. Compared with commercial RF amplifiers, this driver can be used to drive a wider range of loads without impedance matching. Furthermore, the driver works in a switch mode triggered by target cells, which significantly reduces power consumption in the system. A Butterworth-Van Dyke equivalent circuit was fabricated to study the electrical characteristics of the IDTs, and the driver was designed and optimized by circuit simulations. A cell sorter was constructed and tested experimentally to demonstrate that the driver meets sorting requirements. The driver allows the cell sorter to extract rare cells while otherwise consuming low power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Pei
- University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Ce Wang
- University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yunliang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Feifei Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- University of Sciences and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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20
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Kim M, Bayly PV, Meacham JM. Motile cells as probes for characterizing acoustofluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:521-533. [PMID: 33507201 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc01025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic microfluidics has emerged as a versatile solution for particle manipulation in medicine and biology. However, current technologies are largely confined to specialized research laboratories. The translation of acoustofluidics from research to clinical and industrial settings requires improved consistency and repeatability across different platforms. Performance comparisons will require straightforward experimental assessment tools that are not yet available. We introduce a method for characterizing acoustofluidic devices in real-time by exploiting the capacity of swimming microorganisms to respond to changes in their environment. The unicellular alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, is used as an active probe to visualize the evolving acoustic pressure field within microfluidic channels and chambers. In contrast to more familiar mammalian cells, C. reinhardtii are simple to prepare and maintain, and exhibit a relatively uniform size distribution that more closely resembles calibration particles; however, unlike passive particles, these motile cells naturally fill complex chamber geometries and redistribute when the acoustic field changes or is turned off. In this way, C. reinhardtii cells offer greater flexibility than conventional polymer or glass calibration beads for in situ determination of device operating characteristics. To illustrate the technique, the varying spatial density and distribution of swimming cells are correlated to the acoustic potential to automatically locate device resonances within a specified frequency range. Peaks in the correlation coefficient of successive images not only identify the resonant frequencies for various geometries, but the peak shape can be related to the relative strength of the resonances. Qualitative mapping of the acoustic field strength with increasing voltage amplitude is also shown. Thus, we demonstrate that dynamically responsive C. reinhardtii enable real-time measurement and continuous monitoring of acoustofluidic device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
| | - Philip V Bayly
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
| | - J Mark Meacham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.
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21
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Binkley MM, Cui M, Berezin MY, Meacham JM. Antibody Conjugate Assembly on Ultrasound-Confined Microcarrier Particles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6108-6116. [PMID: 33449635 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bioconjugates are important next-generation drugs and imaging agents. Assembly of these increasingly complex constructs requires precise control over processing conditions, which is a challenge for conventional manual synthesis. This inadequacy has motivated the pursuit of new approaches for efficient, controlled modification of high-molecular-weight biologics such as proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. We report a novel, hands-free, semiautomated platform for synthetic manipulation of biomolecules using acoustically responsive microparticles as three-dimensional reaction substrates. The microfluidic reactor incorporates a longitudinal acoustic trap that controls the chemical reactions within a localized acoustic field. Forces generated by this field immobilize the microscale substrates against the continuous flow of participating chemical reagents. Thus, the motion of substrates and reactants is decoupled, enabling exquisite control over multistep reaction conditions and providing high-yield, high-purity products with minimal user input. We demonstrate these capabilities by conjugating clinically relevant antibodies with a small molecule. The on-bead synthesis comprises capture of the antibody, coupling of a fluorescent tag, product purification, and product release. Successful capture and modification of a fluorescently labeled antibody are confirmed via fold increases of 49 and 11 in the green (antibody)- and red (small-molecule dye)-channel median intensities determined using flow cytometry. Antibody conjugates assembled on acoustically responsive, ultrasound-confined microparticles exhibit similar quality and quantity to those prepared manually by a skilled technician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Binkley
- Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Jubel Hall, Room 203K, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mingyang Cui
- Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Jubel Hall, Room 203K, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Mikhail Y Berezin
- Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Jubel Hall, Room 203K, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - J Mark Meacham
- Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Jubel Hall, Room 203K, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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22
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Baudoin M, Thomas JL, Sahely RA, Gerbedoen JC, Gong Z, Sivery A, Matar OB, Smagin N, Favreau P, Vlandas A. Spatially selective manipulation of cells with single-beam acoustical tweezers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4244. [PMID: 32843650 PMCID: PMC7447757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustical tweezers open major prospects in microbiology for cells and microorganisms contactless manipulation, organization and mechanical properties testing since they are biocompatible, label-free and have the potential to exert forces several orders of magnitude larger than their optical counterpart at equivalent power. Yet, these perspectives have so far been hindered by the absence of spatial selectivity of existing acoustical tweezers - i.e., the ability to select and move objects individually - and/or their limited resolution restricting their use to large particle manipulation only and/or finally the limited forces that they could apply. Here, we report precise selective manipulation and positioning of individual human cells in a standard microscopy environment with trapping forces up to ~200 pN without altering their viability. These results are obtained with miniaturized acoustical tweezers combining holography with active materials to synthesize specific wavefields called focused acoustical vortices designed to produce stiff localized traps with reduced acoustic power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Baudoin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Yncréa ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, SATT NORD, 59000, Lille, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Louis Thomas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Roudy Al Sahely
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Yncréa ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, SATT NORD, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Gerbedoen
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Yncréa ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, SATT NORD, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Zhixiong Gong
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Yncréa ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, SATT NORD, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Aude Sivery
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Yncréa ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, SATT NORD, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Bou Matar
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Yncréa ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, SATT NORD, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Nikolay Smagin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Yncréa ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, SATT NORD, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Peter Favreau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Yncréa ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, SATT NORD, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexis Vlandas
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Yncréa ISEN, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, SATT NORD, 59000, Lille, France.
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23
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Sun L, Yang W, Cai S, Chen Y, Chu H, Yu H, Wang Y, Liu L. Recent advances in microfluidic technologies for separation of biological cells. Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:55. [PMID: 32797312 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell separation has always been a key topic in academic research, especially in the fields of medicine and biology, due to its significance in diagnosis and treatment. Accurate, high-throughput and non-invasive separation of individual cells is key to driving the development of biomedicine and cellular biology. In recent years, a series of researches on the use of microfluidic technologies for cell separation have been conducted to solve bio-related problems. Hence, we present here a comprehensive review on the recent developments of microfluidic technologies for cell separation. In this review, we discuss several cell separation methods, mainly including: physical and biochemical method, their working principles as well as their practical applications. We also analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each method in detail. In addition, the current challenges and future prospects of microfluidic-based cell separation were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujing Sun
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Shuxiang Cai
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Honghui Chu
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuechao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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24
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Tahmasebipour A, Friedrich L, Begley M, Bruus H, Meinhart C. Toward optimal acoustophoretic microparticle manipulation by exploiting asymmetry. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 148:359. [PMID: 32752779 DOI: 10.1121/10.0001634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a micro-acousto-fluidic device designed for microparticle trapping is simulated using a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model. It is demonstrated by numerical simulations that geometrically asymmetric architecture and actuation can increase the acoustic radiation forces in a liquid-filled cavity by almost 2 orders of magnitude when setting up a standing pressure half wave in a microfluidic chamber. Similarly, experiments with silicon-glass devices show a noticeable improvement in acoustophoresis of 20-μm silica beads in water when asymmetric devices are used. Microparticle acoustophoresis has an extensive array of applications in applied science fields ranging from life sciences to 3D printing. A more efficient and powerful particle manipulation system can boost the overall effectiveness of an acoustofluidic device. The numerical simulations are developed in the COMSOL Multiphysics® software package (COMSOL AB, Stockholm, Sweden). By monitoring the modes and magnitudes of simulated acoustophoretic fields in a relatively wide range of ultrasonic frequencies, a map of device performance is obtained. 3D resonant acoustophoretic fields are identified to quantify the improved performance of the chips with an asymmetric layout. Four different device designs are analyzed experimentally, and particle tracking experimental data qualitatively supports the numerical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tahmasebipour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Leanne Friedrich
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Matthew Begley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Henrik Bruus
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Physics Building 309, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carl Meinhart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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25
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Olm F, Lim HC, Schallmoser K, Strunk D, Laurell T, Scheding S. Acoustophoresis Enables the Label‐Free Separation of Functionally Different Subsets of Cultured Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Cytometry A 2020; 99:476-487. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Olm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Hooi Ching Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center and Molecular Hematology Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Haematology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
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Fung CW, Chan SN, Wu AR. Microfluidic single-cell analysis-Toward integration and total on-chip analysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:021502. [PMID: 32161631 PMCID: PMC7060088 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Various types of single-cell analyses are now extensively used to answer many biological questions, and with this growth in popularity, potential drawbacks to these methods are also becoming apparent. Depending on the specific application, workflows can be laborious, low throughput, and run the risk of contamination. Microfluidic designs, with their advantages of being high throughput, low in reaction volume, and compatible with bio-inert materials, have been widely used to improve single-cell workflows in all major stages of single-cell applications, from cell sorting to lysis, to sample processing and readout. Yet, designing an integrated microfluidic chip that encompasses the entire single-cell workflow from start to finish remains challenging. In this article, we review the current microfluidic approaches that cover different stages of processing in single-cell analysis and discuss the prospects and challenges of achieving a full integrated workflow to achieve total single-cell analysis in one device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Wang Fung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shek Nga Chan
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angela Ruohao Wu
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +852 3469-2577
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27
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Differential impedance spectra analysis reveals optimal actuation frequency in bulk mode acoustophoresis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19081. [PMID: 31836756 PMCID: PMC6911075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports a method to select the optimal working frequency in transversal bulk resonator acoustophoretic devices by electrical impedance measurements. The impedance spectra of acoustophoretic devices are rich in spurious resonance peaks originating from different resonance modes in the system not directly related to the channel resonance, why direct measurement of the piezoelectric transducer impedance spectra is not a viable strategy. This work presents, for the first time, that the resonance modes of microchip integrated acoustophoresis channels can be identified by sequentially measuring the impedance spectra of the acoustophoretic device when the channel is filled with two different fluids and subsequently calculate the Normalized Differential Spectrum (NDS). Seven transversal bulk resonator acoustophoretic devices of different materials and designs were tested with successful results. The developed method enables a rapid, reproducible and precise determination of the optimal working frequency.
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Devendran C, Carthew J, Frith JE, Neild A. Cell Adhesion, Morphology, and Metabolism Variation via Acoustic Exposure within Microfluidic Cell Handling Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1902326. [PMID: 31871874 PMCID: PMC6918100 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic fields are capable of manipulating biological samples contained within the enclosed and highly controlled environment of a microfluidic chip in a versatile manner. The use of acoustic streaming to alter fluid flows and radiation forces to control cell locations has important clinical and life science applications. While there have been significant advances in the fundamental implementation of these acoustic mechanisms, there is a considerable lack of understanding of the associated biological effects on cells. Typically a single, simple viability assay is used to demonstrate a high proportion of living cells. However, the findings of this study demonstrate that acoustic exposure can inhibit cell attachment, decrease cell spreading, and most intriguingly increase cellular metabolic activity, all without any impact upon viability rates. This has important implications by showing that mortality studies alone are inadequate for the assessment of biocompatibility, but further demonstrates that physical manipulation of cells can also be used to influence their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citsabehsan Devendran
- Laboratory for Micro SystemsDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia
| | - James Carthew
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia
| | - Jessica E. Frith
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia
| | - Adrian Neild
- Laboratory for Micro SystemsDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia
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29
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Label-free neuroblastoma cell separation from hematopoietic progenitor cell products using acoustophoresis - towards cell processing of complex biological samples. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8777. [PMID: 31217534 PMCID: PMC6584513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing of complex cell preparations such as blood and peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplants using label-free technologies is challenging. Transplant-contaminating neuroblastoma cells (NBCs) can contribute to relapse, and we therefore aimed to provide proof-of-principle evidence that label-free acoustophoretic separation can be applied for diagnostic NBC enrichment and removal ("purging") from human blood and PBPC products. Neuroblastoma cells spiked into blood and PBPC preparations served as model systems. Acoustophoresis enabled to enrich NBCs from mononuclear peripheral blood cells and PBPC samples with recovery rates of up to 60-97%. When aiming at high purity, NBC purities of up to 90% were realized, however, compromising recovery. Acoustophoretic purging of PBPC products allowed substantial tumour cell depletion of 1.5-2.3 log. PBPC loss under these conditions was considerable (>43%) but could be decreased to less than 10% while still achieving NBC depletion rates of 60-80%. Proliferation of cells was not affected by acoustic separation. These results provide first evidence that NBCs can be acoustically separated from blood and stem cell preparations with high recovery and purity, thus indicating that acoustophoresis is a promising technology for the development of future label-free, non-contact cell processing of complex cell products.
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30
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Wu M, Ozcelik A, Rufo J, Wang Z, Fang R, Jun Huang T. Acoustofluidic separation of cells and particles. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:32. [PMID: 31231539 PMCID: PMC6545324 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-019-0064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acoustofluidics, the integration of acoustics and microfluidics, is a rapidly growing research field that is addressing challenges in biology, medicine, chemistry, engineering, and physics. In particular, acoustofluidic separation of biological targets from complex fluids has proven to be a powerful tool due to the label-free, biocompatible, and contact-free nature of the technology. By carefully designing and tuning the applied acoustic field, cells and other bioparticles can be isolated with high yield, purity, and biocompatibility. Recent advances in acoustofluidics, such as the development of automated, point-of-care devices for isolating sub-micron bioparticles, address many of the limitations of conventional separation tools. More importantly, advances in the research lab are quickly being adopted to solve clinical problems. In this review article, we discuss working principles of acoustofluidic separation, compare different approaches of acoustofluidic separation, and provide a synopsis of how it is being applied in both traditional applications, such as blood component separation, cell washing, and fluorescence activated cell sorting, as well as emerging applications, including circulating tumor cell and exosome isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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31
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Urbansky A, Olm F, Scheding S, Laurell T, Lenshof A. Label-free separation of leukocyte subpopulations using high throughput multiplex acoustophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1406-1416. [PMID: 30869100 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00181f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiplex separation of mixed cell samples is required in a variety of clinical and research applications. Herein, we present an acoustic microchip with multiple outlets and integrated pre-alignment channel to enable high performance and label-free separation of three different cell or particle fractions simultaneously at high sample throughput. By implementing a new cooling system for rigorous temperature control and minimal acoustic energy losses, we were able to operate the system isothermally and sort suspensions of 3, 5 and 7 μm beads with high efficiencies (>95.4%) and purities (>96.3%) at flow rates up to 500 μL min-1 corresponding to a throughput of ∼2.5 × 106 beads per min. Also, human viable white blood cells were successfully fractionated into lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes with high purities of 96.5 ± 1.6%, 71.8 ± 10.1% and 98.8 ± 0.5%, respectively, as well as high efficiencies (96.8 ± 3.3%, 66.7 ± 3.2% and 99.0 ± 0.7%) at flow rates up to 100 μL min-1 (∼100 000 cells per min). By increasing the flow rate up to 300 μL min-1 (∼300 000 cells per min) both lymphocytes and granulocytes were still recovered with high purities (92.8 ± 1.9%, 98.2 ± 1 .0%), whereas the monocyte purity decreased to 20.9 ± 10.3%. The proposed isothermal multiplex acoustophoresis platform offers efficient fractionation of complex samples in a label-free and continuous manner at thus far unreached high sample throughput rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Urbansky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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32
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Youn S, Choi JW, Lee JS, Kim J, Yang IH, Chang JH, Kim HC, Hwang JY. Acoustic Trapping Technique for Studying Calcium Response of a Suspended Breast Cancer Cell: Determination of Its Invasion Potentials. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2019; 66:737-746. [PMID: 30676954 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2894662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A noncontact single-beam acoustic trapping technique has proven to be a promising tool for cell manipulation and characterization that provide essential knowledge for a variety of biomedical applications. Here, we investigated cell characteristics as to whether the calcium responses of suspended breast cancer cells to different acoustic trapping forces are related to their invasiveness. For this, we combined a single-beam acoustic trapping system with a 30-MHz press-focused lithium niobate ultrasound transducer and an epifluorescence microscope. Using the system, intracellular calcium changes of suspended MDA-MB-231 (highly invasive) and MCF-7 (weakly invasive) cells were monitored while trapping the cells at different acoustic pressures. The results showed that a single suspended breast cancer cell isolated by the acoustic microbeam behaved differently on the calcium elevation in response to changes in acoustic trapping force, depending on its invasiveness. In particular, the MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited higher calcium elevation than MCF-7 cells when each cell was trapped at low acoustic pressure. Based on these results, we believe that the single-beam acoustic trapping technique has high potential as an alternative tool for determining the degree of invasiveness of suspended breast cancer cells.
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33
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Baudoin M, Gerbedoen JC, Riaud A, Matar OB, Smagin N, Thomas JL. Folding a focalized acoustical vortex on a flat holographic transducer: Miniaturized selective acoustical tweezers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1967. [PMID: 30993201 PMCID: PMC6461452 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Acoustical tweezers based on focalized acoustical vortices hold the promise of precise contactless manipulation of millimeter down to submicrometer particles, microorganisms, and cells with unprecedented combined selectivity and trapping force. Yet, the widespread dissemination of this technology has been hindered by severe limitations of current systems in terms of performance and/or miniaturization and integrability. Here, we unleash the potential of focalized acoustical vortices by developing the first flat, compact, paired single electrode focalized acoustical tweezers. These tweezers rely on spiraling transducers obtained by folding a spherical acoustical vortex on a flat piezoelectric substrate. We demonstrate the ability of these tweezers to grab and displace micrometric objects in a standard microfluidic environment with unique selectivity. The simplicity of this system and its scalability to higher frequencies open tremendous perspectives in microbiology, microrobotics, and microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Baudoin
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, SATT Nord, IEMN, International laboratory LIA/LICS, F-59000 Lille, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jean-Claude Gerbedoen
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, SATT Nord, IEMN, International laboratory LIA/LICS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Antoine Riaud
- Université Paris Sorbonne Cité, INSERM UMR-S1147, 45 Rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bou Matar
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, SATT Nord, IEMN, International laboratory LIA/LICS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nikolay Smagin
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, SATT Nord, IEMN, International laboratory LIA/LICS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Thomas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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34
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Ota N, Yalikun Y, Suzuki T, Lee SW, Hosokawa Y, Goda K, Tanaka Y. Enhancement in acoustic focusing of micro and nanoparticles by thinning a microfluidic device. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181776. [PMID: 30891287 PMCID: PMC6408367 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of micro/nanoparticles has become increasingly important in biological and industrial fields. As a non-contact method for particle manipulation, acoustic focusing has been applied in sorting, enrichment and analysis of particles with microfluidic devices. Although the frequency and amplitude of acoustic waves and the dimensions of microchannels have been recognized as important parameters for acoustic focusing, the thickness of microfluidic devices has not been considered so far. Here, we report that thin glass microfluidic devices enhance acoustic focusing of micro/nanoparticles. It was found that the thickness of a microfluidic device strongly influences its ability to focus particles via acoustic radiation, because the energy propagation of acoustic waves is affected by the total mass of the device. Acoustic focusing of submicrometre polystyrene beads and Escherichia coli as well as enrichment of polystyrene beads were achieved in glass microfluidic devices as thin as 0.4 mm. Modifying the thickness of a microfluidic device can thus serve as a critical parameter for acoustic focusing when conventional parameters to achieve this effect are kept unchanged. Thus, our findings enable new approaches to the design of novel microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoshi Ota
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Suzuki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sang Wook Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Takayama, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Author for correspondence: Yo Tanaka e-mail:
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35
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Acoustophoretic Control of Microparticle Transport Using Dual-Wavelength Surface Acoustic Wave Devices. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10010052. [PMID: 30642118 PMCID: PMC6356526 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical and experimental study of acoustophoretic manipulation in a microfluidic channel using dual-wavelength standing surface acoustic waves (SSAWs) to transport microparticles into different outlets. The SSAW fields were excited by interdigital transducers (IDTs) composed of two different pitches connected in parallel and series on a lithium niobate substrate such that it yielded spatially superimposed and separated dual-wavelength SSAWs, respectively. SSAWs of a singltablee target wavelength can be efficiently excited by giving an RF voltage of frequency determined by the ratio of the velocity of the SAW to the target IDT pitch (i.e., f = cSAW/p). However, the two-pitch IDTs with similar pitches excite, less efficiently, non-target SSAWs with the wavelength associated with the non-target pitch in addition to target SSAWs by giving the target single-frequency RF voltage. As a result, dual-wavelength SSAWs can be formed. Simulated results revealed variations of acoustic pressure fields induced by the dual-wavelength SSAWs and corresponding influences on the particle motion. The acoustic radiation force in the acoustic pressure field was calculated to pinpoint zero-force positions and simulate particle motion trajectories. Then, dual-wavelength SSAW acoustofluidic devices were fabricated in accordance with the simulation results to experimentally demonstrate switching of SSAW fields as a means of transporting particles. The effects of non-target SSAWs on pre-actuating particles were predicted and observed. The study provides the design considerations needed for the fabrication of acoustofluidic devices with IDT-excited multi-wavelength SSAWs for acoustophoresis of microparticles.
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36
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Abstract
Acoustics has a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from noise cancelation to ultrasonic imaging. In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in developing acoustic-based methods for biological and biomedical applications. This Perspective summarizes the recent progress in applying acoustofluidic methods (i.e., the fusion of acoustics and microfluidics) to bioanalytical chemistry. We describe the concepts of acoustofluidics and how it can be tailored to different types of bioanalytical applications, including sample concentration, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, label-free cell/particle separation, and fluid manipulation. Examples of each application are given, and the benefits and limitations of these methods are discussed. Finally, our perspectives on the directions that developing solutions should take to address the bottlenecks in the acoustofluidic applications in bioanalytical chemistry are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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37
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Zhou Y, Ma Z, Ai Y. Hybrid microfluidic sorting of rare cells based on high throughput inertial focusing and high accuracy acoustic manipulation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31186-31195. [PMID: 35529382 PMCID: PMC9072550 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01792e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to isolate rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples is essential to perform liquid biopsy as a routine diagnostic and prognostic test. Both label-free and surface biomarker-based cell sorting technologies have been developed to address the demand in high-integrity isolation of rare CTCs for cancer research. Label-free cell sorting mainly relies on the size difference between CTCs and blood cells; thus, it lacks sufficient sorting specificity. Surface biomarker-based cell sorting is highly specific; however, it requires expensive, labor-intensive, and time-consuming labeling due to the use of multiple sets of surface biomarkers. Because of the complex nature and high heterogeneity of tumorigenesis, it is difficult to rely on a single sorting process for high-integrity rare cell isolation. In this study, for the first time, we present a hybrid microfluidic cell sorting method combining high throughput size-dependent inertial focusing for size-based pre-enrichment and high accuracy fluorescence activated acoustic sorting for single cell isolation. After one single hybrid sorting process, we have demonstrated at least 2500-fold purity enrichment of MCF-7 breast cancer cells spiked in diluted whole blood samples with cell viability maintained at 91 ± 1% (viability before sorting was 94 ± 2%). This developed hybrid microfluidic cell sorting technique provides a promising solution for rare cell isolation needed in a variety of biological research and clinical applications. The first example of integration of sized-based inertial sorting and surface biomarker-based acoustic sorting to achieve >2500-fold enrichment of rare cell populations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinning Zhou
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development
- Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Singapore 487372
- Singapore
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development
- Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Singapore 487372
- Singapore
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development
- Singapore University of Technology and Design
- Singapore 487372
- Singapore
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38
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Antfolk M, Laurell T. Acoustofluidic Blood Component Sample Preparation and Processing in Medical Applications. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6229-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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39
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Zhou Y, Sriphutkiat Y. Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30199023 DOI: 10.3791/58085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a method for increasing the tuning ability of a standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW) for microparticles manipulation in a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system. The simultaneous excitation of the fundamental frequency and its third harmonic, which is termed as dual-frequency excitation, to a pair of interdigital transducers (IDTs) could generate a new type of standing acoustic waves in a microfluidic channel. Varying the power and the phase in the dual-frequency excitation signals results in a reconfigurable field of the acoustic radiation force applied to the microparticles across the microchannel (e.g., the number and location of the pressure nodes and the microparticle concentrations at the corresponding pressure nodes). This article demonstrates that the motion time of the microparticle to only one pressure node can be reduced ~2-fold at the power ratio of the fundamental frequency greater than ~90%. In contrast, there are three pressure nodes in the microchannel if less than this threshold. Furthermore, adjusting the initial phase between the fundamental frequency and the third harmonic results in different motion rates of the three SSAW pressure nodes, as well as in the percentage of microparticles at each pressure node in the microchannel. There is a good agreement between the experimental observation and the numerical predictions. This novel excitation method can easily and non-invasively integrate into the LOC system, with a wide tenability and only a few changes to the experimental set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University;
| | - Yannapol Sriphutkiat
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University
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40
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Khan M, Mao S, Li W, Lin J. Microfluidic Devices in the Fast‐Growing Domain of Single‐Cell Analysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:15398-15420. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jin‐Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry, & Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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41
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Ku A, Lim HC, Evander M, Lilja H, Laurell T, Scheding S, Ceder Y. Acoustic Enrichment of Extracellular Vesicles from Biological Fluids. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8011-8019. [PMID: 29806448 PMCID: PMC7556308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a rich source of biomarkers providing diagnostic and prognostic information in diseases such as cancer. Large-scale investigations into the contents of EVs in clinical cohorts are warranted, but a major obstacle is the lack of a rapid, reproducible, efficient, and low-cost methodology to enrich EVs. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of an automated acoustic-based technique to enrich EVs, termed acoustic trapping. Using this technology, we have successfully enriched EVs from cell culture conditioned media and urine and blood plasma from healthy volunteers. The acoustically trapped samples contained EVs ranging from exosomes to microvesicles in size and contained detectable levels of intravesicular microRNAs. Importantly, this method showed high reproducibility and yielded sufficient quantities of vesicles for downstream analysis. The enrichment could be obtained from a sample volume of 300 μL or less, an equivalent to 30 min of enrichment time, depending on the sensitivity of downstream analysis. Taken together, acoustic trapping provides a rapid, automated, low-volume compatible, and robust method to enrich EVs from biofluids. Thus, it may serve as a novel tool for EV enrichment from large number of samples in a clinical setting with minimum sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Ku
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hooi Ching Lim
- Division of Molecular Hematology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Evander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K., OX3 9DU
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Division of Molecular Hematology and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221-85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Ceder
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-223 81 Lund, Sweden
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Yang Y, Boza-Serrano A, Dunning CJR, Clausen BH, Lambertsen KL, Deierborg T. Inflammation leads to distinct populations of extracellular vesicles from microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:168. [PMID: 29807527 PMCID: PMC5972400 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated microglia play an essential role in inflammatory responses elicited in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are suggested to be involved in propagation of inflammatory signals and in the modulation of cell-to-cell communication. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the regulation of EVs and how this in turn facilitates the communication between cells in the brain. Here, we characterized microglial EVs under inflammatory conditions and investigated the effects of inflammation on the EV size, quantity, and protein content. Methods We have utilized western blot, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and mass spectrometry to characterize EVs and examine the alterations of secreted EVs from a microglial cell line (BV2) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor (etanercept) treatments, or either alone. The inflammatory responses were measured with multiplex cytokine ELISA and western blot. We also subjected TNF knockout mice to experimental stroke (permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion) and validated the effect of TNF inhibition on EV release. Results Our analysis of EVs originating from activated BV2 microglia revealed a significant increase in the intravesicular levels of TNF and interleukin (IL)-6. We also observed that the number of EVs released was reduced both in vitro and in vivo when inflammation was inhibited via the TNF pathway. Finally, via mass spectrometry, we identified 49 unique proteins in EVs released from LPS-activated microglia compared to control EVs (58 proteins in EVs released from LPS-activated microglia and 37 from control EVs). According to Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, we found a large increase of proteins related to translation and transcription in EVs from LPS. Importantly, we showed a distinct profile of proteins found in EVs released from LPS treated cells compared to control. Conclusions We demonstrate altered EV production in BV2 microglial cells and altered cytokine levels and protein composition carried by EVs in response to LPS challenge. Our findings provide new insights into the potential roles of EVs that could be related to the pathogenesis in neuroinflammatory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1204-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Bettina Hjelm Clausen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,BRIGDE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,BRIGDE-Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Garg N, Westerhof TM, Liu V, Liu R, Nelson EL, Lee AP. Whole-blood sorting, enrichment and in situ immunolabeling of cellular subsets using acoustic microstreaming. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2018; 4:17085. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1038/micronano.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAnalyzing undiluted whole human blood is a challenge due to its complex composition of hematopoietic cellular populations, nucleic acids, metabolites, and proteins. We present a novel multi-functional microfluidic acoustic streaming platform that enables sorting, enrichment and in situ identification of cellular subsets from whole blood. This single device platform, based on lateral cavity acoustic transducers (LCAT), enables (1) the sorting of undiluted donor whole blood into its cellular subsets (platelets, RBCs, and WBCs), (2) the enrichment and retrieval of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) spiked in donor whole blood at rare cell relevant concentrations (10 mL−1), and (3) on-chip immunofluorescent labeling for the detection of specific target cellular populations by their known marker expression patterns. Our approach thus demonstrates a compact system that integrates upstream sample processing with downstream separation/enrichment, to carry out multi-parametric cell analysis for blood-based diagnosis and liquid biopsy blood sampling.
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Lissandrello C, Dubay R, Kotz KT, Fiering J. Purification of Lymphocytes by Acoustic Separation in Plastic Microchannels. SLAS Technol 2018; 23:352-363. [PMID: 29346013 DOI: 10.1177/2472630317749944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging cell therapies have created new demands for instruments that will increase processing efficiency. Purification of lymphocytes prior to downstream steps of gene transfer currently relies on centrifugal separation, which has drawbacks in output sample purity and process automation. Here, we present an alternative approach to blood cell purification using acoustic forces in plastic microchannels. We provide details regarding the system's ability to purify lymphocytes relative to other blood cell types while maintaining a high overall recovery, testing performance starting from leukapheresis product, buffy coat, and whole blood. Depending on settings, the device achieves for lymphocytes up to 97% purity and up to 68% recovery, and depletes 98% of monocytes while also reducing red cells and platelets. We expect that future scale-up of our system for increased throughput will enable its incorporation in the cell therapy workflow, and that it could ultimately reduce costs and expand access for patients.
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Chan JY, Ahmad Kayani AB, Md Ali MA, Kok CK, Yeop Majlis B, Hoe SLL, Marzuki M, Khoo ASB, Ostrikov K(K, Ataur Rahman M, Sriram S. Dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic platforms for cancer diagnostics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:011503. [PMID: 29531634 PMCID: PMC5825230 DOI: 10.1063/1.5010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent advancement of dielectrophoresis (DEP)-enabled microfluidic platforms is opening new opportunities for potential use in cancer disease diagnostics. DEP is advantageous because of its specificity, low cost, small sample volume requirement, and tuneable property for microfluidic platforms. These intrinsic advantages have made it especially suitable for developing microfluidic cancer diagnostic platforms. This review focuses on a comprehensive analysis of the recent developments of DEP enabled microfluidic platforms sorted according to the target cancer cell. Each study is critically analyzed, and the features of each platform, the performance, added functionality for clinical use, and the types of samples, used are discussed. We address the novelty of the techniques, strategies, and design configuration used in improving on existing technologies or previous studies. A summary of comparing the developmental extent of each study is made, and we conclude with a treatment of future trends and a brief summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan Chan
- Center for Advanced Materials and Green Technology, Multimedia University, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Anuar Md Ali
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Kuang Kok
- Center for Advanced Materials and Green Technology, Multimedia University, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Susan Ling Ling Hoe
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marini Marzuki
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group, Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Sharath Sriram
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group, Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Bohec P, Gachelin J, Ollivier V, Mutin T, Télot X, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Sanfilippo S. Acoustophoretic purification of platelets: feasibility and impact on platelet activation and function. Platelets 2017; 30:174-180. [PMID: 29211557 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1386296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purity, limited platelet activation, and preservation of platelet function are important stakes of preparation of platelet concentrates (PC) for clinical use. In fact, contaminating red blood cells and leukocytes, as well as activated and/or poorly functional platelets in PC, represents a risk of poor efficiency and adverse side effects during platelet transfusion. Therefore, optimization of preparation and storage of PC is still an active field of research. Shear-induced platelet activation is an unwanted side effect of the hard-spin (up to 5000g) step of centrifugation-based methods currently used in blood banks to prepare PC from whole blood samples. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of an acoustic-based fractionation device for the isolation of human platelets from whole blood bags. The purity, activation status, and functionality of platelets isolated by acoustopheresis were compared with those of platelets isolated using a reference protocol known to produce limited platelet activation and consisting of two consecutive soft-spin centrifugations (120g and 1200g). Platelet concentration and purity were determined using an automated hematology analyzer. Platelet activation status and platelet reactivity to collagen and thrombin were assessed in flow cytometry by measurement of surface expression of P-selectin and activated integrin αIIbβ3. The ability of isolated platelets to incorporate into a thrombus when transfused to NOD/SCID mice was investigated by intravital microscopy using the ferric chloride-induced thrombosis model. Blood fractionation by acoustophoresis led to the elimination of more than 80% of red blood cells and leukocytes from the platelet fraction, whose mean purity was of 92.8 ± 12.8%. The activation status and reactivity to collagen and thrombin of acoustophoresis-isolated platelets were similar to those of platelets isolated by soft-spin centrifugation. Finally, acoustophoresis-isolated platelets were tethered, adhered to the vessel wall, and incorporated into a growing thrombus following ferric chloride-induced vascular injury. Together, our results indicate that acoustophoresis is a suitable method for the isolation of human platelets with minimal platelet activation and preservation of platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bohec
- a Ænitis technologies S.A.S , Hôpital Saint-Louis , Paris , France
| | - Jérémie Gachelin
- a Ænitis technologies S.A.S , Hôpital Saint-Louis , Paris , France
| | | | - Thibaut Mutin
- a Ænitis technologies S.A.S , Hôpital Saint-Louis , Paris , France
| | - Xavier Télot
- a Ænitis technologies S.A.S , Hôpital Saint-Louis , Paris , France
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Cushing K, Undvall E, Ceder Y, Lilja H, Laurell T. Reducing WBC background in cancer cell separation products by negative acoustic contrast particle immuno-acoustophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1000:256-264. [PMID: 29289318 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells display acoustic properties enabling acoustophoretic separation from white blood cells (WBCs) with 2-3 log suppression of the WBC background. However, a subset of WBCs has overlapping acoustic properties with cancer cells, which is why label-free acoustophoretic cancer cell isolation needs additional purification prior to analysis. This paper reports for the first time a proof of concept for continuous flow acoustophoretic negative selection of WBCs from cancer cells using negative acoustic contrast elastomeric particles (EPs) activated with CD45-antibodies that specifically bind to WBCs. The EP/WBC complexes align at the acoustic pressure anti-nodes along the channel walls while unbound cancer cells focus to the pressure node in the channel center, enabling continuous flow based depletion of WBC background in a cancer cell product. The method does not provide a single process solution for the CTC separation challenge, but provides an elegant part to a multi-step process by further reducing the WBC background in cancer cell separation products derived from an initial step of label-free acoustophoresis. We report the recorded performance of the negative selection immuno-acoustophoretic WBC depletion and cancer cell recovery. To eliminate the negative impact of the separation due to the known problems of aggregation of negative acoustic contrast particles along the sidewalls of the acoustophoresis channel and to enable continuous separation of EP/WBC complexes from cancer cells, a new acoustic actuation method has been implemented where the ultrasound frequency is scanned (1.991MHz ± 100 kHz, scan rate 200 kHz ms-1). Using this frequency scanning strategy EP/WBC complexes were acoustophoretically separated from mixtures of WBCs spiked with breast and prostate cancer cells (DU145 and MCF-7). An 86-fold (MCF-7) and 52-fold (DU145) reduction of WBCs in the cancer cell fractions were recorded with separation efficiencies of 98.6% (MCF-7) and 99.7% (DU145) and cancer cell recoveries of 89.8% (MCF-7) and 85.0% (DU145).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cushing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Eva Undvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Ceder
- Division of Translational Cancer Research Lund University, Sweden
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine (GU Oncology), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, NY, NY, United States; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Magnusson C, Augustsson P, Lenshof A, Ceder Y, Laurell T, Lilja H. Clinical-Scale Cell-Surface-Marker Independent Acoustic Microfluidic Enrichment of Tumor Cells from Blood. Anal Chem 2017; 89:11954-11961. [PMID: 29087172 PMCID: PMC5698115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) predicts overall survival and treatment response in metastatic cancer, but as many commercialized assays isolate CTCs positive for epithelial cell markers alone, CTCs with little or no epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression stay undetected. Therefore, CTC enrichment and isolation by label-free methods based on biophysical rather than biochemical properties could provide a more representative spectrum of CTCs. Here, we report on a clinical-scale automated acoustic microfluidic platform processing 5 mL of erythrocyte-depleted paraformaldehyde (PFA)-fixed blood (diluted 1:2) at a flow rate of 75 μL/min, recovering 43/50 (86 ± 2.3%) breast cancer cell line cells (MCF7), with 0.11% cancer cell purity and 162-fold enrichment in close to 2 h based on intrinsic biophysical cell properties. Adjustments of the voltage settings aimed at higher cancer cell purity in the central outlet provided 0.72% cancer cell purity and 1445-fold enrichment that resulted in 62 ± 8.7% cancer cell recovery. Similar rates of cancer-cell recovery, cancer-cell purity, and fold-enrichment were seen with both prostate cancer (DU145, PC3) and breast cancer (MCF7) cell line cells. We identified eosinophil granulocytes as the predominant white blood cell (WBC) contaminant (85%) in the enriched cancer-cell fraction. Processing of viable cancer cells in erythrocyte-depleted blood provided slightly reduced results as to fixed cells (77% cancer cells in the enriched cancer cell fraction, with 0.2% WBC contamination). We demonstrate feasibility of enriching either PFA-fixed or viable cancer cells with a clinical-scale acoustic microfluidic platform that can be adjusted to meet requirements for either high cancer-cell recovery or higher purity and can process 5 mL blood samples in close to 2 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Magnusson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University,
Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Augustsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lenshof
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Ceder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul,
South Korea
| | - Hans Lilja
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University,
Malmö, Sweden
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology Service) and
Medicine (Genitourinary Oncology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,
New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford,
Oxford, OX3 7LD, U.K
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Sehgal P, Kirby BJ. Separation of 300 and 100 nm Particles in Fabry–Perot Acoustofluidic Resonators. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12192-12200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Sehgal
- Sibley
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Brian J. Kirby
- Sibley
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Weill−Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, United States
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50
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Yin D, Xu G, Wang M, Shen M, Xu T, Zhu X, Shi X. Effective cell trapping using PDMS microspheres in an acoustofluidic chip. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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