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Bergkamp DJ, Neumaier JF. How omics is revealing new roles for glia in addiction. Glia 2024. [PMID: 38894643 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Experiments to study the biology of addiction have historically focused on the mechanisms through which drugs of abuse drive changes in the functioning of neurons and neural circuits. Glia have often been ignored in these studies, however, and this has left many questions in the field unanswered, particularly, surrounding how glia contribute to changes in synaptic plasticity, regulation of neuroinflammation, and functioning of neural ensembles given massive changes in signaling across the CNS. Omics methods (transcriptomics, translatomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and others) have expanded researchers' abilities to generate hypotheses and carry out mechanistic studies of glial cells during acquisition of drug taking, intoxication, withdrawal, and relapse to drug seeking. Here, we present a survey of how omics technological advances are revising our understanding of astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells in addiction biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Bergkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John F Neumaier
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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Kim JS, Haimon Z, Boura-Halfon S, Jung S. Translatome Profiling of Tissue-Resident Macrophages Using the RiboTag Approach. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2713:253-267. [PMID: 37639128 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Global gene expression profiling has provided valuable insights into the specific contributions of different cell types to various physiological processes. Notably though, both bulk and single-cell transcriptomics require the prior retrieval of the cells from their tissue context to be analyzed. Isolation protocols for tissue macrophages are, however, notoriously inefficient and, moreover, prone to introduce considerable bias and artifacts. Here, we will discuss a valuable alternative, originally introduced by Amieux and colleagues. This so-called RiboTag approach allows, in combination with respective macrophage-specific Cre transgenic lines, to retrieve macrophage translatomes from crude tissue extracts. We will review our experience with this ingenious method, focusing on the study of brain macrophages, including microglia and border-associated cells. We will elaborate on the advantages of the RiboTag approach that render it a valuable complement to standard cell sorting-based profiling strategies, especially for the investigation of tissue macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seok Kim
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Zhana Haimon
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sigalit Boura-Halfon
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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3
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Bolinger AA, Frazier A, La JH, Allen JA, Zhou J. Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR37 as an Emerging Therapeutic Target. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3318-3334. [PMID: 37676000 PMCID: PMC11144446 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are successful druggable targets, making up around 35% of all FDA-approved medications. However, a large number of receptors remain orphaned, with no known endogenous ligand, representing a challenging but untapped area to discover new therapeutic targets. Among orphan GPCRs (oGPCRs) of interest, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the spinal cord and oligodendrocytes. While its cellular signaling mechanisms and endogenous receptor ligands remain elusive, GPR37 has been implicated in several important neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD), inflammation, pain, autism, and brain tumors. GPR37 structure, signaling, emerging physiology, and pharmacology are reviewed while integrating a discussion on potential therapeutic indications and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A. Bolinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Andrew Frazier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jun-Ho La
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - John A. Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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Choi EY, Franco D, Stapf CA, Gordin M, Chow A, Cover KK, Chandra R, Lobo MK. Inducible CRISPR Epigenome Systems Mimic Cocaine Induced Bidirectional Regulation of Nab2 and Egr3. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2242-2259. [PMID: 36849419 PMCID: PMC10072301 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1802-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder is a chronic disease and a leading cause of disability around the world. The NAc is a major brain hub mediating reward behavior. Studies demonstrate exposure to cocaine is associated with molecular and functional imbalance in NAc medium spiny neuron subtypes (MSNs), dopamine receptor 1 and 2 enriched D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs. We previously reported repeated cocaine exposure induced transcription factor early growth response 3 (Egr3) mRNA in NAc D1-MSNs, and reduced it in D2-MSNs. Here, we report our findings of repeated cocaine exposure in male mice inducing MSN subtype-specific bidirectional expression of the Egr3 corepressor NGFI-A-binding protein 2 (Nab2). Using CRISPR activation and interference (CRISPRa and CRISPRi) tools combined with Nab2 or Egr3-targeted sgRNAs, we mimicked these bidirectional changes in Neuro2a cells. Furthermore, we investigated D1-MSN- and D2-MSN-specific expressional changes of histone lysine demethylases Kdm1a, Kdm6a, and Kdm5c in NAc after repeated cocaine exposure in male mice. Since Kdm1a showed bidirectional expression patterns in D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs, like Egr3, we developed a light-inducible Opto-CRISPR-KDM1a system. We were able to downregulate Egr3 and Nab2 transcripts in Neuro2A cells and cause similar bidirectional expression changes we observed in D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs of mouse repeated cocaine exposure model. Contrastingly, our Opto-CRISPR-p300 activation system induced the Egr3 and Nab2 transcripts and caused opposite bidirectional transcription regulations. Our study sheds light on the expression patterns of Nab2 and Egr3 in specific NAc MSNs in cocaine action and uses CRISPR tools to further mimic these expression patterns.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Substance use disorder is a major societal issue. The lack of medication to treat cocaine addiction desperately calls for a treatment development based on precise understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying cocaine addiction. In this study, we show that Egr3 and Nab2 are bidirectionally regulated in mouse NAc D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs after repeated exposure to cocaine. Furthermore, histone lysine demethylations enzymes with putative EGR3 binding sites showed bidirectional regulation in D1- and D2-MSNs after repeated exposure to cocaine. Using Cre- and light-inducible CRISPR tools, we show that we can mimic this bidirectional regulation of Egr3 and Nab2 in Neuro2a cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Daniela Franco
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Life Sciences
| | - Catherine A Stapf
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Life Sciences
| | | | | | - Kara K Cover
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Life Sciences
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology
- Center for Innovative Biomedical Resources, Virus Vector Core, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
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Hernandez VG, Lechtenberg KJ, Peterson TC, Zhu L, Lucas TA, Owah JO, Dorsey AI, Gentles AJ, Buckwalter MS. Translatome analysis reveals microglia and astrocytes to be distinct regulators of inflammation in the hyperacute and acute phases after stroke. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.14.520351. [PMID: 36824949 PMCID: PMC9949064 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.520351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of ischemic stroke, which is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Understanding the exact cellular signaling pathways that initiate and propagate neuroinflammation after stroke will be critical for developing immunomodulatory stroke therapies. In particular, the precise mechanisms of inflammatory signaling in the clinically relevant hyperacute period, hours after stroke, have not been elucidated. We used the RiboTag technique to obtain astrocyte and microglia-derived mRNA transcripts in a hyperacute (4 hours) and acute (3 days) period after stroke, as these two cell types are key modulators of acute neuroinflammation. Microglia initiated a rapid response to stroke at 4 hours by adopting an inflammatory profile associated with the recruitment of immune cells. The hyperacute astrocyte profile was marked by stress response genes and transcription factors, such as Fos and Jun , involved in pro-inflammatory pathways such as TNF-α. By 3 days, microglia shift to a proliferative state and astrocytes strengthen their inflammatory response. The astrocyte pro-inflammatory response at 3 days is partially driven by the upregulation of the transcription factors C/EBPβ, Spi1 , and Rel , which comprise 25% of upregulated transcription factor-target interactions. Surprisingly, few sex differences across all groups were observed. Expression and log 2 fold data for all sequenced genes are available on a user-friendly website for researchers to examine gene changes and generate hypotheses for stroke targets. Taken together our data comprehensively describe the astrocyte and microglia-specific translatome response in the hyperacute and acute period after stroke and identify pathways critical for initiating neuroinflammation.
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Functions of Steroid Hormones in the Male Reproductive Tract as Revealed by Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032748. [PMID: 36769069 PMCID: PMC9917565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones are capable of diffusing through cell membranes to bind with intracellular receptors to regulate numerous physiological processes. Three classes of steroid hormones, namely androgens, estrogens and glucocorticoids, contribute to the development of the reproductive system and the maintenance of fertility. During the past 30 years, mouse models have been produced in which the expression of genes encoding steroid hormone receptors has been enhanced, partially compromised or eliminated. These mouse models have revealed many of the physiological processes regulated by androgens, estrogens and to a more limited extent glucocorticoids in the testis and male accessory organs. In this review, advances provided by mouse models that have facilitated a better understanding of the molecular regulation of testis and reproductive tract processes by steroid hormones are discussed.
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Rabbani M, Zheng X, Manske GL, Vargo A, Shami AN, Li JZ, Hammoud SS. Decoding the Spermatogenesis Program: New Insights from Transcriptomic Analyses. Annu Rev Genet 2022; 56:339-368. [PMID: 36070560 PMCID: PMC10722372 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-080320-040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex differentiation process coordinated spatiotemporally across and along seminiferous tubules. Cellular heterogeneity has made it challenging to obtain stage-specific molecular profiles of germ and somatic cells using bulk transcriptomic analyses. This has limited our ability to understand regulation of spermatogenesis and to integrate knowledge from model organisms to humans. The recent advancement of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies provides insights into the cell type diversity and molecular signatures in the testis. Fine-grained cell atlases of the testis contain both known and novel cell types and define the functional states along the germ cell developmental trajectory in many species. These atlases provide a reference system for integrated interspecies comparisons to discover mechanistic parallels and to enable future studies. Despite recent advances, we currently lack high-resolution data to probe germ cell-somatic cell interactions in the tissue environment, but the use of highly multiplexed spatial analysis technologies has begun to resolve this problem. Taken together, recent single-cell studies provide an improvedunderstanding of gametogenesis to examine underlying causes of infertility and enable the development of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashiat Rabbani
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Xianing Zheng
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Gabe L Manske
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexander Vargo
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Adrienne N Shami
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Jun Z Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Saher Sue Hammoud
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Curley M, Darbey A, O'Donnell L, Kilcoyne KR, Wilson K, Mungall W, Rebourcet D, Guo J, Mitchell RT, Smith LB. Leukemia inhibitory factor-receptor signalling negatively regulates gonadotrophin-stimulated testosterone production in mouse Leydig Cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 544:111556. [PMID: 35031431 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Testicular Leydig cells (LCs) are the principal source of circulating testosterone in males. LC steroidogenesis maintains sexual function, fertility and general health, and is influenced by various paracrine factors. The leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) is expressed in the testis and activated by different ligands, including leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), produced by peritubular myoid cells. LIF can modulate LC testosterone production in vitro under certain circumstances, but the role of consolidated signalling through LIFR in adult LC function in vivo has not been established. We used a conditional Lifr allele in combination with adenoviral vectors expressing Cre-recombinase to generate an acute model of LC Lifr-KO in the adult mouse testis, and showed that LC Lifr is not required for short term LC survival or basal steroidogenesis. However, LIFR-signalling negatively regulates steroidogenic enzyme expression and maximal gonadotrophin-stimulated testosterone biosynthesis, expanding our understanding of the intricate regulation of LC steroidogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Curley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Annalucia Darbey
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Liza O'Donnell
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Karen R Kilcoyne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Wilson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Will Mungall
- Bioresearch and Veterinary Services, University of Edinburgh, the Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jingtao Guo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Rod T Mitchell
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, EH91LF, United Kingdom
| | - Lee B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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9
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Stephens SBZ, Kauffman AS. Estrogen Regulation of the Molecular Phenotype and Active Translatome of AVPV Kisspeptin Neurons. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6226761. [PMID: 33856454 PMCID: PMC8286094 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In females, ovarian estradiol (E2) exerts both negative and positive feedback regulation on the neural circuits governing reproductive hormone secretion, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this remain poorly understood. In rodents, estrogen receptor α-expressing kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular region (AVPV) are prime candidates to mediate E2 positive feedback induction of preovulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH) surges. E2 stimulates AVPV Kiss1 expression, but the full extent of estrogen effects in these neurons is unknown; whether E2 stimulates or inhibits other genes in AVPV Kiss1 cells has not been determined. Indeed, understanding of the function(s) of AVPV kisspeptin cells is limited, in part, by minimal knowledge of their overall molecular phenotype, as only a few genes are currently known to be co-expressed in AVPV Kiss1 cells. To provide a more detailed profiling of co-expressed genes in AVPV Kiss1 cells, including receptors and other signaling factors, and test how these genes respond to E2, we selectively isolated actively translated mRNAs from AVPV Kiss1 cells of female mice and performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). This identified >13 000 mRNAs co-expressed in AVPV Kiss1 cells, including multiple receptor and ligand transcripts positively or negatively regulated by E2. We also performed RNAscope to validate co-expression of several transcripts identified by RNA-seq, including Pdyn (prodynorphin), Penk (proenkephalin), Vgf (VGF), and Cartpt (CART), in female AVPV Kiss1 cells. Given the important role of AVPV kisspeptin cells in positive feedback, E2 effects on identified genes may relate to the LH surge mechanism and/or other physiological processes involving these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon B Z Stephens
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Alexander S Kauffman
- Department of OBGYN and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Lavalle SN, Chou T, Hernandez J, Naing NCP, Tonsfeldt KJ, Hoffmann HM, Mellon PL. Kiss1 is differentially regulated in male and female mice by the homeodomain transcription factor VAX1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111358. [PMID: 34098016 PMCID: PMC8319105 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of Kiss1 transcription is crucial to the development and function of the reproductive axis. The homeodomain transcription factor, ventral anterior homeobox 1 (VAX1), has been implicated as a potential regulator of Kiss1 transcription. However, it is unknown whether VAX1 directly mediates transcription within kisspeptin neurons or works indirectly by acting upstream of kisspeptin neuron populations. This study tested the hypothesis that VAX1 within kisspeptin neurons regulates Kiss1 gene expression. We found that VAX1 acts as a repressor of Kiss1 in vitro and within the male arcuate nucleus in vivo. In female mice, we found that the loss of VAX1 caused a reduction in Kiss1 expression and Kiss1-containing neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus at the time of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge, but was compensated by an increase in Kiss1-cFos colocalization. Despite changes in Kiss1 transcription, gonadotropin levels were unaffected and there were no impairments to fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna N Lavalle
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Teresa Chou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jacqueline Hernandez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nay Chi P Naing
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karen J Tonsfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hanne M Hoffmann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Animal Science and the Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Michigan State University, 766 Service Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Pamela L Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Science and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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11
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Sararols P, Stévant I, Neirijnck Y, Rebourcet D, Darbey A, Curley MK, Kühne F, Dermitzakis E, Smith LB, Nef S. Specific Transcriptomic Signatures and Dual Regulation of Steroidogenesis Between Fetal and Adult Mouse Leydig Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695546. [PMID: 34262907 PMCID: PMC8273516 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leydig cells (LC) are the main testicular androgen-producing cells. In eutherian mammals, two types of LCs emerge successively during testicular development, fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) and adult Leydig cells (ALCs). Both display significant differences in androgen production and regulation. Using bulk RNA sequencing, we compared the transcriptomes of both LC populations to characterize their specific transcriptional and functional features. Despite similar transcriptomic profiles, a quarter of the genes show significant variations in expression between FLCs and ALCs. Non-transcriptional events, such as alternative splicing was also observed, including a high rate of intron retention in FLCs compared to ALCs. The use of single-cell RNA sequencing data also allowed the identification of nine FLC-specific genes and 50 ALC-specific genes. Expression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone 1 (Crhr1) receptor and the ACTH receptor melanocortin type 2 receptor (Mc2r) specifically in FLCs suggests a dual regulation of steroidogenesis. The androstenedione synthesis by FLCs is stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH), corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) whereas the testosterone synthesis by ALCs is dependent exclusively on LH. Overall, our study provides a useful database to explore LC development and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Sararols
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Stévant
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yasmine Neirijnck
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diane Rebourcet
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Annalucia Darbey
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael K Curley
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Françoise Kühne
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanouil Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lee B Smith
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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12
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Verma P, Parte P. Revisiting the Characteristics of Testicular Germ Cell Lines GC-1(spg) and GC-2(spd)ts. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:941-952. [PMID: 34125394 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a multifaceted and meticulously orchestrated process involving meiosis, chromatin build up, transcriptional and translational hushing, and spermiogenesis. Male germ cell lines GC-1spg (GC-1) and GC-2(spd)ts (GC-2) provide a useful resource to comprehend the molecular events occurring during such a tightly regulated process. Using cDNA microarray, expression profiling of GC-1 and GC-2 cell lines was done to precisely understand their characteristics and uniqueness. Our observations indicate that whilst both the cell lines are indeed of testicular origin, GC-2 is not haploid as was originally thought. Data analysis of the 23,351 transcripts detected in GC-1 and 20,992 in GC-2 cell lines demonstrates an 80% transcript overlap between GC-1 and GC-2 cells and ~ 40% similarity of both with the primary spermatocyte transcriptome. 3152 and 793 transcripts exclusive to GC-1 and GC-2, respectively, were identified. The presence of transcripts for 36 genes was validated in these cell lines including those showing testis-specific expression, as well as genes not reported previously. Overall, this study provides the transcriptome database of GC-1 and GC-2 cells. Analysis of the data demonstrates the transcriptomic transitions between GC-1 and GC-2 thus providing a glimpse to the process of germ cell differentiation from type B spermatogonium into preleptotene spermatocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Verma
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Priyanka Parte
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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13
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Gao Y, Jian L, Lu W, Xue Y, Machaty Z, Luo H. Vitamin E can promote spermatogenesis by regulating the expression of proteins associated with the plasma membranes and protamine biosynthesis. Gene 2021; 773:145364. [PMID: 33359122 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E is generally believed to promote the production of ovine sperm mainly through its antioxidant effect. Our previous studies have shown that some non-antioxidant genes may also be key in mediating this process. The objective of this study was to identify key candidate proteins that were differentially expressed in response to a treatment with Vitamin E. Prepubertal ovine testicular cells were isolated and divided into two groups. They were either treated with 800 μM Vitamin E (based on our previous results) or used as a non-treated control. After 24 h, all the cells were harvested for proteomic analysis. We found 115 differentially expressed proteins, 4 of which were up-regulated and 111 were down-regulated. A GO term enrichment analysis identified 127 Biological Process, 63 Cell Component and 26 Molecular Function terms that were enriched. Within those terms, 13, 11 and 26 terms were significantly enriched, respectively. Terms related to membrane and enzyme activity including the inner acrosomal membrane, signal peptidase complex, cysteine-type endopeptidase activity, etc., were also markedly enriched, while none of the KEGG pathways were enriched. We found that many of the differentially expressed proteins, such as CD46 (membrane cofactor protein), FLNA (Filamin A), DYSF (Dysferlin), IFT20 (Intraflagellar transport 20), SPCS1 (Signal peptidase complex subunit 1) and SPCS3 (Signal peptidase complex subunit 3) were related to the acrosomal and plasma membranes. A parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis verified that Vitamin E improved spermatogenesis by regulating the expression of FLNA, SPCS3, YBX3 and RARS, proteins that are associated with the plasma membranes and protamine biosynthesis of the spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Luyang Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zoltan Machaty
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Walker WH. Androgen Actions in the Testis and the Regulation of Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:175-203. [PMID: 34453737 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone is essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility. In this review, topics related to testosterone control of spermatogenesis are covered including testosterone production and levels in the testis, classical and nonclassical testosterone signaling pathways, cell- and temporal-specific expression of the androgen receptor in the testis and autocrine and paracrine signaling of testis cells in the testis. Also discussed are the contributions of testosterone to testis descent, the blood-testis barrier, control of gonocyte numbers and spermatogonia expansion, completion of meiosis and attachment and release of elongaed spermatids. Testosterone-regulated genes identified in various mouse models of idsrupted Androgen receptor expression are discussed. Finally, examples of synergism and antagonism between androgen and follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathways are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Walker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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15
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Zomer HD, Reddi PP. Characterization of rodent Sertoli cell primary cultures. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:857-870. [PMID: 32743879 PMCID: PMC7685524 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sertoli cells play a vital role in spermatogenesis by offering physical and nutritional support to the differentiating male germ cells. They form the blood-testis barrier and secrete growth factors essential for germ cell differentiation. Sertoli cell primary cultures are critical for understanding the regulation of spermatogenesis; however, obtaining pure cultures has been a challenge. Rodent Sertoli cell isolation protocols do not rule out contamination by the interstitial or connective tissue cells. Sertoli cell-specific markers could be helpful, but there is no consensus. Vimentin, the most commonly used marker, is not specific for Sertoli cells since its expression has been reported in peritubular myoid cells, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells, which contaminate Sertoli cell preparations. Markers based on transcription and growth factors also have limitations. Thus, the impediment to obtaining pure Sertoli cell cultures pertains to both the method of isolation and marker usage. The aim of this review is to discuss improvements to current methods of rodent Sertoli cell primary cultures, assess the properties of prepubertal versus mature Sertoli cell cultures, and propose steps to improve cellular characterization. Potential benefits of using contemporary approaches, including lineage tracing, specific cell ablation, and RNA-seq for obtaining Sertoli-specific transcript markers are discussed. Evaluating the specificity and applicability of these markers at the protein level to characterize Sertoli cells in culture would be critical. This review is expected to positively impact future work using primary cultures of rodent Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena D Zomer
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Prabhakara P Reddi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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16
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Sadler E, Ryals MM, May LA, Martin D, Welsh N, Boger ET, Morell RJ, Hertzano R, Cunningham LL. Cell-Specific Transcriptional Responses to Heat Shock in the Mouse Utricle Epithelium. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:123. [PMID: 32528249 PMCID: PMC7247426 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory epithelia of the inner ear contain mechanosensory hair cells (HCs) and glia-like supporting cells (SCs), both of which are required for hearing and balance functions. Each of these cell types has unique responses to ototoxic and cytoprotective stimuli. Non-lethal heat stress in the mammalian utricle induces heat shock proteins (HSPs) and protects against ototoxic drug-induced hair cell death. Induction of HSPs in the utricle demonstrates cell-type specificity at the protein level, with HSP70 induction occurring primarily in SCs, while HSP32 (also known as heme oxygenase 1, HMOX1) is induced primarily in resident macrophages. Neither of these HSPs are robustly induced in HCs, suggesting that HCs may have little capacity for induction of stress-induced protective responses. To determine the transcriptional responses to heat shock of these different cell types, we performed cell-type-specific transcriptional profiling using the RiboTag method, which allows for immunoprecipitation (IP) of actively translating mRNAs from specific cell types. RNA-Seq differential gene expression analyses demonstrated that the RiboTag method identified known cell type-specific markers as well as new markers for HCs and SCs. Gene expression differences suggest that HCs and SCs exhibit differential transcriptional heat shock responses. The chaperonin family member Cct8 was significantly enriched only in heat-shocked HCs, while Hspa1l (HSP70 family), and Hspb1 and Cryab (HSP27 and HSP20 families, respectively) were enriched only in SCs. Together our data indicate that HCs exhibit a limited but unique heat shock response, and SCs exhibit a broader and more robust transcriptional response to protective heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sadler
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew M Ryals
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lindsey A May
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nora Welsh
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erich T Boger
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert J Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ronna Hertzano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lisa L Cunningham
- Section on Sensory Cell Biology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) Action on Spermatogenesis: A Focus on Physiological and Therapeutic Roles. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041014. [PMID: 32260182 PMCID: PMC7230878 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human reproduction is regulated by the combined action of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone (LH) on the gonads. Although FSH is largely used in female reproduction, in particular in women attending assisted reproductive techniques to stimulate multi-follicular growth, its efficacy in men with idiopathic infertility is not clearly demonstrated. Indeed, whether FSH administration improves fertility in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the therapeutic benefit in men presenting alterations in sperm production despite normal FSH serum levels is still unclear. In the present review, we evaluate the potential pharmacological benefits of FSH administration in clinical practice. METHODS This is a narrative review, describing the FSH physiological role in spermatogenesis and its potential therapeutic action in men. RESULTS The FSH role on male fertility is reviewed starting from the physiological control of spermatogenesis, throughout its mechanism of action in Sertoli cells, the genetic regulation of its action on spermatogenesis, until the therapeutic options available to improve sperm production. CONCLUSION FSH administration in infertile men has potential benefits, although its action should be considered by evaluating its synergic action with testosterone, and well-controlled, powerful trials are required. Prospective studies and new compounds could be developed in the near future.
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Kim JH, Afridi R, Lee WH, Suk K. Proteomic examination of the neuroglial secretome: lessons for the clinic. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:207-220. [PMID: 32187501 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1745069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Glial cells are closely associated with neurons located throughout the nervous system and regulate neuronal activity and function through various mechanisms including the secretion of proteins and other signaling molecules. Glia-secreted proteins play crucial roles in modulating neuronal function in physiological and pathological conditions. Aberrant activation of glial cells leading to neuroinflammation is a common phenomenon observed in various neurological disorders. Aberrantly activated glial cells secrete proteins in disease-specific manner and can be exploited as a repository for novel biomarker discovery.Areas covered: In this review, we describe the recent advances in proteomic techniques, highlighting the need for their application to the secretomic field. Studies regarding the secretome profile of glial cells published within the last 5 years are discussed in detail. The use of glia-based biomarkers in various neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases is also discussed.Expert opinion: Precise diagnosis and timely treatment of neurological disorders remains a challenge and glia-focused research to identify specific biomarkers appears to be a promising approach to combat these disorders. Recent technological advancement in proteomic research would open new frontiers for more rigorous analysis of glial secretome variations over time and the discovery/development of novel biomarkers for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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19
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Sun YH, Zhu J, Xie LH, Li Z, Meduri R, Zhu X, Song C, Chen C, Ricci EP, Weng Z, Li XZ. Ribosomes guide pachytene piRNA formation on long intergenic piRNA precursors. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:200-212. [PMID: 32015435 PMCID: PMC8041231 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs essential for fertility. In adult mouse testes, most piRNAs are derived from long single-stranded RNAs lacking annotated open reading frames (ORFs). The mechanisms underlying how piRNA sequences are defined during the cleavages of piRNA precursors remain elusive. Here, we show that 80S ribosomes translate the 5'-proximal short ORFs (uORFs) of piRNA precursors. The MOV10L1/Armitage RNA helicase then facilitates the translocation of ribosomes into the uORF downstream regions (UDRs). The ribosome-bound UDRs are targeted by piRNA processing machinery, with the processed ribosome-protected regions becoming piRNAs. The dual modes of interaction between ribosomes and piRNA precursors underlie the distinct piRNA biogenesis requirements at uORFs and UDRs. Ribosomes also mediate piRNA processing in roosters and green lizards, implying that this mechanism is evolutionarily conserved in amniotes. Our results uncover a function for ribosomes on non-coding regions of RNAs and reveal the mechanisms underlying how piRNAs are defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu H Sun
- Center for RNA Biology: From Genome to Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Center for RNA Biology: From Genome to Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Li Huitong Xie
- Center for RNA Biology: From Genome to Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ziwei Li
- Center for RNA Biology: From Genome to Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rajyalakshmi Meduri
- Center for RNA Biology: From Genome to Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chi Song
- College of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Emiliano P Ricci
- Université de Lyon, ENSL, UCBL, INSERM, CNRS, LBMC, Lyon, France
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Xin Zhiguo Li
- Center for RNA Biology: From Genome to Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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20
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TrkB Signaling Influences Gene Expression in Cortistatin-Expressing Interneurons. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0310-19.2019. [PMID: 31941661 PMCID: PMC7031852 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0310-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signals through its cognate receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) to promote the function of several classes of inhibitory interneurons. We previously reported that loss of BDNF-TrkB signaling in cortistatin (Cort)-expressing interneurons leads to behavioral hyperactivity and spontaneous seizures in mice. We performed bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) from the cortex of mice with disruption of BDNF-TrkB signaling in cortistatin interneurons, and identified differential expression of genes important for excitatory neuron function. Using translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-seq, we define a molecular profile for Cort-expressing inhibitory neurons and subsequently compare the translatome of normal and TrkB-depleted Cort neurons, revealing alterations in calcium signaling and axon development. Several of the genes enriched in Cort neurons and differentially expressed in TrkB-depleted neurons are also implicated in autism and epilepsy. Our findings highlight TrkB-dependent molecular pathways as critical for the maturation of inhibitory interneurons and support the hypothesis that loss of BDNF signaling in Cort interneurons leads to altered excitatory/inhibitory balance.
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21
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Gavini CK, Bookout AL, Bonomo R, Gautron L, Lee S, Mansuy-Aubert V. Liver X Receptors Protect Dorsal Root Ganglia from Obesity-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mechanical Allodynia. Cell Rep 2019; 25:271-277.e4. [PMID: 30304667 PMCID: PMC7732131 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with many complications, including type 2 diabetes and painful neuropathy. There is no cure or prevention for obesity-induced pain, and the neurobiology underlying the onset of the disease is still obscure. In this study, we observe that western diet (WD)-fed mice developed early allodynia with an increase of ER stress markers in the sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Using cell-specific approaches, we demonstrate that neuronal liver X receptor (LXR) activation delays ER stress and allodynia in WD-fed mice. Our findings suggest that lipid-binding nuclear receptors expressed in the sensory neurons of the DRG play a role in the onset of obesity-induced hypersensitivity. The LXR and lipid-sensor pathways represent a research avenue to identify targets to prevent debilitating complications affecting the peripheral nerve system in obesity. The mechanism underlying obesityinduced pain is explored by Gavini et al. using cell-specific models. Their analysis reveals that in sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia, LXR activation delays western diet-induced ER stress and allodynia. These findings suggest that LXRs in sensory neurons are involved in nociception induced by western diet nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K Gavini
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Angie L Bookout
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Raiza Bonomo
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Syann Lee
- Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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22
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Of Molecules and Mechanisms. J Neurosci 2019; 40:81-88. [PMID: 31630114 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0743-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Without question, molecular biology drives modern neuroscience. The past 50 years has been nothing short of revolutionary as key findings have moved the field from correlation toward causation. Most obvious are the discoveries and strategies that have been used to build tools for visualizing circuits, measuring activity, and regulating behavior. Less flashy, but arguably as important are the myriad investigations uncovering the actions of single molecules, macromolecular structures, and integrated machines that serve as the basis for constructing cellular and signaling pathways identified in wide-scale gene or RNA studies and for feeding data into informational networks used in systems biology. This review follows the pathways that were opened in neuroscience by major discoveries and set the stage for the next 50 years.
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Jauregui EJ, Mitchell D, Garza SM, Topping T, Hogarth CA, Griswold MD. Leydig cell genes change their expression and association with polysomes in a stage-specific manner in the adult mouse testis. Biol Reprod 2019; 98:722-738. [PMID: 29408990 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis in mammals occurs in a very highly organized manner within the seminiferous epithelium regulated by different cell types in the testis. Testosterone produced by Leydig cells regulates blood-testis barrier formation, meiosis, spermiogenesis, and spermiation. However, it is unknown whether Leydig cell function changes with the different stages of the seminiferous epithelium. This study utilized the WIN 18,446 and retinoic acid (RA) treatment regime combined with the RiboTag mouse methodology to synchronize male germ cell development and allow for the in vivo mapping of the Leydig cell translatome across the different stages of one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Using microarrays analysis, we identified 11 Leydig cell-enriched genes that were expressed in stage-specific manner such as the glucocorticoid synthesis and transport genes, Cyp21a1 and Serpina6. In addition, there were nine Leydig cell transcripts that change their association with polysomes in correlation with the different stages of the spermatogenic cycle including Egr1. Interestingly, the signal intensity of EGR1 and CYP21 varied among Leydig cells in the adult asynchronous testis. However, testosterone levels across the different stages of germ cell development did not cycle. These data show, for the first time, that Leydig cell gene expression changes in a stage-specific manner during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and indicate that a heterogeneous Leydig cell population exists in the adult mouse testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela J Jauregui
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Debra Mitchell
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Savanna M Garza
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Traci Topping
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Cathryn A Hogarth
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Michael D Griswold
- School of Molecular Biosciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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24
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Griswold MD. 50 years of spermatogenesis: Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:87-100. [PMID: 29462262 PMCID: PMC7328471 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex morphology of the Sertoli cells and their interactions with germ cells has been a focus of investigators since they were first described by Enrico Sertoli. In the past 50 years, information on Sertoli cells has transcended morphology alone to become increasingly more focused on molecular questions. The goal of investigators has been to understand the role of the Sertoli cells in spermatogenesis and to apply that information to problems relating to male fertility. Sertoli cells are unique in that they are a nondividing cell population that is active for the reproductive lifetime of the animal and cyclically change morphology and gene expression. The numerous and distinctive junctional complexes and membrane specializations made by Sertoli cells provide a scaffold and environment for germ cell development. The increased focus of investigators on the molecular components and putative functions of testicular cells has resulted primarily from procedures that isolate specific cell types from the testicular milieu. Products of Sertoli cells that influence germ cell development and vice versa have been characterized from cultured cells and from the application of transgenic technologies. Germ cell transplantation has shown that the Sertoli cells respond to cues from germ cells with regard to developmental timing and has furthered a focus on spermatogenic stem cells and the stem cell niche. Very basic and universal features of spermatogenesis such as the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave are initiated by Sertoli cells and maintained by Sertoli-germ cell cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Griswold
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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25
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Sanz E, Bean JC, Carey DP, Quintana A, McKnight GS. RiboTag: Ribosomal Tagging Strategy to Analyze Cell-Type-Specific mRNA Expression In Vivo. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 88:e77. [PMID: 31216392 PMCID: PMC6615552 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome tagging has become a very useful in vivo approach for analyzing gene expression and mRNA translation in specific cell types that are difficult and time consuming to isolate by conventional methods. The approach is based on selectively expressing a hemagglutinin A (HA)-tagged ribosomal protein in a target cell type and then using antibodies against HA to purify the polysomes and associated mRNAs from the target cell. The original approach makes use of a mouse line (RiboTag) harboring a modified allele of Rpl22 (Rpl22-HA) that is induced by the action of Cre recombinase. The Rpl22-HA gene can also be introduced into the animal by stereotaxic injection of an AAV-DIO-Rpl22-HA that is then activated in Cre-expressing cells. Both methods for tagging ribosomes facilitate the immunoprecipitation of ribosome-bound mRNAs and their analysis by qRT-PCR or RNA-Seq. This protocol will discuss the technical procedures and describe important considerations relevant to the analysis of the data. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Sanz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology and Neuroscience Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan C Bean
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel P Carey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Albert Quintana
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology and Neuroscience Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Stanley McKnight
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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27
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Baser A, Skabkin M, Kleber S, Dang Y, Gülcüler Balta GS, Kalamakis G, Göpferich M, Ibañez DC, Schefzik R, Lopez AS, Bobadilla EL, Schultz C, Fischer B, Martin-Villalba A. Onset of differentiation is post-transcriptionally controlled in adult neural stem cells. Nature 2019; 566:100-104. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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28
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Okabe M, Motojima M, Miyazaki Y, Pastan I, Yokoo T, Matsusaka T. Global polysome analysis of normal and injured podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F241-F252. [PMID: 30379099 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00115.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a key event for progressive renal failure. We have previously established a mouse model of inducible podocyte injury (NEP25) that progressively develops glomerulosclerosis after immunotoxin injection. We performed polysome analysis of intact and injured podocytes utilizing the NEP25 and RiboTag transgenic mice, in which a hemagglutinin tag is attached to ribosomal protein L22 selectively in podocytes. Podocyte-specific polysomes were successfully obtained by immunoprecipitation with an antihemagglutinin antibody from glomerular homogenate and analyzed using a microarray. Compared with glomerular cells, 353 genes were highly expressed and enriched in podocytes; these included important podocyte genes and also heretofore uncharacterized genes, such as Dach1 and Foxd2. Podocyte injury by immunotoxin induced many genes to be upregulated, including inflammation-related genes despite no infiltration of inflammatory cells in the glomeruli. MafF and Egr-1, which structurally have the potential to antagonize MafB and WT1, respectively, were rapidly and markedly increased in injured podocytes before MafB and WT1 were decreased. We demonstrated that Maff and Egr1 knockdown increased the MafB targets Nphs2 and Ptpro and the WT1 targets Ptpro, Nxph3, and Sulf1, respectively. This indicates that upregulated MafF and Egr-1 may promote deterioration of podocytes by antagonizing MafB and WT1. Our systematic microarray study of the heretofore undescribed behavior of podocyte genes may open new insights into the understanding of podocyte pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.,Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
| | - Masaru Motojima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyazaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Department of Basic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan.,Institute of Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
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29
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Maynard KR, Hobbs JW, Phan BN, Gupta A, Rajpurohit S, Williams C, Rajpurohit A, Shin JH, Jaffe AE, Martinowich K. BDNF-TrkB signaling in oxytocin neurons contributes to maternal behavior. eLife 2018; 7:33676. [PMID: 30192229 PMCID: PMC6135608 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) transcription is controlled by several promoters, which drive expression of multiple transcripts encoding an identical protein. We previously reported that BDNF derived from promoters I and II is highly expressed in hypothalamus and is critical for regulating aggression in male mice. Here we report that BDNF loss from these promoters causes reduced sexual receptivity and impaired maternal care in female mice, which is concomitant with decreased oxytocin (Oxt) expression during development. We identify a novel link between BDNF signaling, oxytocin, and maternal behavior by demonstrating that ablation of TrkB selectively in OXT neurons partially recapitulates maternal care impairments observed in BDNF-deficient females. Using translating ribosome affinity purification and RNA-sequencing we define a molecular profile for OXT neurons and delineate how BDNF signaling impacts gene pathways critical for structural and functional plasticity. Our findings highlight BDNF as a modulator of sexually-dimorphic hypothalamic circuits that govern female-typical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Maynard
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - John W Hobbs
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - BaDoi N Phan
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Amolika Gupta
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Sumita Rajpurohit
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Courtney Williams
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Anandita Rajpurohit
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Joo Heon Shin
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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30
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Yvinec R, Crépieux P, Reiter E, Poupon A, Clément F. Advances in computational modeling approaches of pituitary gonadotropin signaling. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:799-813. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1501025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Yvinec
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Frédérique Clément
- Inria, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- LMS, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
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31
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Guidi LG, Holloway ZG, Arnoult C, Ray PF, Monaco AP, Molnár Z, Velayos-Baeza A. AU040320 deficiency leads to disruption of acrosome biogenesis and infertility in homozygous mutant mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10379. [PMID: 29991750 PMCID: PMC6039479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Study of knockout (KO) mice has helped understand the link between many genes/proteins and human diseases. Identification of infertile KO mice provides valuable tools to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying gamete formation. The KIAA0319L gene has been described to have a putative association with dyslexia; surprisingly, we observed that homozygous KO males for AU040320, KIAA0319L ortholog, are infertile and present a globozoospermia-like phenotype. Mutant spermatozoa are mostly immotile and display a malformed roundish head with no acrosome. In round spermatids, proacrosomal vesicles accumulate close to the acroplaxome but fail to coalesce into a single acrosomal vesicle. In wild-type mice AU040320 localises to the trans-Golgi-Network of germ cells but cannot be detected in mature acrosomes. Our results suggest AU040320 may be necessary for the normal formation of proacrosomal vesicles or the recruitment of cargo proteins required for downstream events leading to acrosomal fusion. Mutations in KIAA0319L could lead to human infertility; we screened for KIAA0319L mutations in a selected cohort of globozoospermia patients in which no genetic abnormalities have been previously identified, but detected no pathogenic changes in this particular cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G Guidi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Zoe G Holloway
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christophe Arnoult
- Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Pierre F Ray
- Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France
- UM GI-DPI, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Anthony P Monaco
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Office of the President, Ballou Hall, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Antonio Velayos-Baeza
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
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32
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Burger LL, Vanacker C, Phumsatitpong C, Wagenmaker ER, Wang L, Olson DP, Moenter SM. Identification of Genes Enriched in GnRH Neurons by Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification and RNAseq in Mice. Endocrinology 2018; 159. [PMID: 29522155 PMCID: PMC6287592 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are a nexus of fertility regulation. We used translating ribosome affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing to examine messenger RNAs of GnRH neurons in adult intact and gonadectomized (GDX) male and female mice. GnRH neuron ribosomes were tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and GFP-labeled polysomes isolated by immunoprecipitation, producing one RNA fraction enhanced for GnRH neuron transcripts and one RNA fraction depleted. Complementary DNA libraries were created from each fraction and 50-base, paired-end sequencing done and differential expression (enhanced fraction/depleted fraction) determined with a threshold of >1.5- or <0.66-fold (false discovery rate P ≤ 0.05). A core of ∼840 genes was differentially expressed in GnRH neurons in all treatments, including enrichment for Gnrh1 (∼40-fold), and genes critical for GnRH neuron and/or gonadotrope development. In contrast, non-neuronal transcripts were not enriched or were de-enriched. Several epithelial markers were also enriched, consistent with the olfactory epithelial origins of GnRH neurons. Interestingly, many synaptic transmission pathways were de-enriched, in accordance with relatively low innervation of GnRH neurons. The most striking difference between intact and GDX mice of both sexes was a marked downregulation of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation and upregulation of glucose transporters in GnRH neurons from GDX mice. This may suggest that GnRH neurons switch to an alternate fuel to increase adenosine triphosphate production in the absence of negative feedback when GnRH release is elevated. Knowledge of the GnRH neuron translatome and its regulation can guide functional studies and can be extended to disease states, such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Burger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charlotte Vanacker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Elizabeth R Wagenmaker
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | - Luhong Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
| | - David P Olson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suzanne M Moenter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
- Correspondence: Laura L. Burger, PhD, University of Michigan, 7725 Med Sci II, 1137 E. Catherine
Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5622. E-mail:
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33
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Jereb S, Hwang HW, Van Otterloo E, Govek EE, Fak JJ, Yuan Y, Hatten ME, Darnell RB. Differential 3' Processing of Specific Transcripts Expands Regulatory and Protein Diversity Across Neuronal Cell Types. eLife 2018; 7:34042. [PMID: 29578408 PMCID: PMC5898910 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) regulates mRNA translation, stability, and protein localization. However, it is unclear to what extent APA regulates these processes uniquely in specific cell types. Using a new technique, cTag-PAPERCLIP, we discovered significant differences in APA between the principal types of mouse cerebellar neurons, the Purkinje and granule cells, as well as between proliferating and differentiated granule cells. Transcripts that differed in APA in these comparisons were enriched in key neuronal functions and many differed in coding sequence in addition to 3’UTR length. We characterize Memo1, a transcript that shifted from expressing a short 3’UTR isoform to a longer one during granule cell differentiation. We show that Memo1 regulates granule cell precursor proliferation and that its long 3’UTR isoform is targeted by miR-124, contributing to its downregulation during development. Our findings provide insight into roles for APA in specific cell types and establish a platform for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Jereb
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Hun-Way Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Eric Van Otterloo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States
| | - Eve-Ellen Govek
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - John J Fak
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Mary E Hatten
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
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34
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Tréfier A, Guillou F, Crépieux P. [Investigation methods to explore G protein-coupled receptor-regulated translatome]. C R Biol 2018; 341:65-74. [PMID: 29326051 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, identifying the translatome, which includes genome-wide ribosome-associated mRNAs, provides new opportunities to define faithfully the protein repertoire of a cell, as opposed to transcriptomic approaches. In addition, the role that extracellular signals such as hormonal modulations could play on the translatome remains to be deciphered. In particular, the regulation of the translatome by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) is still poorly described, albeit the trophic role that many receptors of this family play in their target cells. Here, we provide an overview of the current methods that are used to study the translatome, applied to the GPCR receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Tréfier
- Groupe Biologie et bioinformatique des systèmes de signalisation, Inra, UMR 85, unité Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François-Rabelais, 37041 Tours, France; IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Florian Guillou
- Plasticité génomique et expression phénotypique, Inra, UMR 85, unité Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François-Rabelais, 37041 Tours, France; IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Groupe Biologie et bioinformatique des systèmes de signalisation, Inra, UMR 85, unité Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR 7247, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François-Rabelais, 37041 Tours, France; IFCE, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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35
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Tréfier A, Pellissier LP, Musnier A, Reiter E, Guillou F, Crépieux P. G Protein-Coupled Receptors As Regulators of Localized Translation: The Forgotten Pathway? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:17. [PMID: 29456523 PMCID: PMC5801404 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exert their physiological function by transducing a complex signaling network that coordinates gene expression and dictates the phenotype of highly differentiated cells. Much is known about the gene networks they transcriptionally regulate upon ligand exposure in a process that takes hours before a new protein is synthesized. However, far less is known about GPCR impact on the translational machinery and subsequent mRNA translation, although this gene regulation level alters the cell phenotype in a strikingly different timescale. In fact, mRNA translation is an early response kinetically connected to signaling events, hence it leads to the synthesis of a new protein within minutes following receptor activation. By these means, mRNA translation is responsive to subtle variations of the extracellular environment. In addition, when restricted to cell subcellular compartments, local mRNA translation contributes to cell micro-specialization, as observed in synaptic plasticity or in cell migration. The mechanisms that control where in the cell an mRNA is translated are starting to be deciphered. But how an extracellular signal triggers such local translation still deserves extensive investigations. With the advent of high-throughput data acquisition, it now becomes possible to review the current knowledge on the translatome that some GPCRs regulate, and how this information can be used to explore GPCR-controlled local translation of mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Tréfier
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation, INRA, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Lucie P. Pellissier
- Déficit de Récompense, GPCR et sociabilité, INRA, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Astrid Musnier
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation, INRA, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation, INRA, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Florian Guillou
- Plasticité Génomique et Expression Phénotypique, INRA, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation, INRA, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Pascale Crépieux,
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36
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Abstract
With the progress in our understanding of germ cell development, there is an emerging need to investigate the mechanisms of mRNA translation functioning in these cells. Indeed, posttranscriptional regulations of gene expression drive the most important transitions of the germ cell life cycle. Here we describe a strategy to measure mRNA translation in the oocyte, taking advantage of an approach originally developed to identify the transcriptome of a subgroup of cells in a complex cell mixture. This technique takes advantage of the "RiboTag" approach to express an HA-tag on the large ribosomal subunit of the ribosomes in the oocyte. Immunoprecipitation of the extracts followed by qPCR or RNAseq is used to identify mRNAs actively translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao P. Sousa Martins
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco Conti
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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37
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Soffientini U, Rebourcet D, Abel MH, Lee S, Hamilton G, Fowler PA, Smith LB, O'Shaughnessy PJ. Identification of Sertoli cell-specific transcripts in the mouse testis and the role of FSH and androgen in the control of Sertoli cell activity. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:972. [PMID: 29246116 PMCID: PMC5731206 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Sertoli cells act to induce testis differentiation and subsequent development in fetal and post-natal life which makes them key to an understanding of testis biology. As a major step towards characterisation of factors involved in Sertoli cell function we have identified Sertoli cell-specific transcripts in the mouse testis and have used the data to identify Sertoli cell-specific transcripts altered in mice lacking follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSHRKO) and/or androgen receptors (AR) in the Sertoli cells (SCARKO). Results Adult iDTR mice were injected with busulfan to ablate the germ cells and 50 days later they were treated with diphtheria toxin (DTX) to ablate the Sertoli cells. RNAseq carried out on testes from control, busulfan-treated and busulfan + DTX-treated mice identified 701 Sertoli-specific transcripts and 4302 germ cell-specific transcripts. This data was mapped against results from microarrays using testicular mRNA from 20 day-old FSHRKO, SCARKO and FSHRKO.SCARKO mice. Results show that of the 534 Sertoli cell-specific transcripts present on the gene chips, 85% were altered in the FSHRKO mice and 94% in the SCARKO mice (mostly reduced in both cases). In the FSHRKO.SCARKO mice additive or synergistic effects were seen for most transcripts. Age-dependent studies on a selected number of Sertoli cell-specific transcripts, showed that the marked effects in the FSHRKO at 20 days had largely disappeared by adulthood although synergistic effects of FSHR and AR knockout were seen. Conclusions These studies have identified the Sertoli cell-specific transcriptome in the mouse testis and have shown that most genes in the transcriptome are FSH- and androgen-dependent at puberty although the importance of FSH diminishes towards adulthood. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4357-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Soffientini
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rebourcet
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK.,MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - M H Abel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clarke Building, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - S Lee
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Le Gros Clarke Building, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK
| | - G Hamilton
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - P A Fowler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - L B Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.,School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, 2308, Australia
| | - P J O'Shaughnessy
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK.
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38
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Martinot E, Sèdes L, Baptissart M, Holota H, Rouaisnel B, Damon-Soubeyrand C, De Haze A, Saru JP, Thibault-Carpentier C, Keime C, Lobaccaro JMA, Baron S, Benoit G, Caira F, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. The Bile Acid Nuclear Receptor FXRα Is a Critical Regulator of Mouse Germ Cell Fate. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:315-328. [PMID: 28669602 PMCID: PMC5511114 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatozoa are generated from spermatogonia. This cell population is heterogeneous, with self-renewing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and progenitor spermatogonia that will continue on a path of differentiation. Only SSCs have the ability to regenerate and sustain spermatogenesis. This makes the testis a good model to investigate stem cell biology. The Farnesoid X Receptor alpha (FXRα) was recently shown to be expressed in the testis. However, its global impact on germ cell homeostasis has not yet been studied. Here, using a phenotyping approach in Fxrα−/− mice, we describe unexpected roles of FXRα on germ cell physiology independent of its effects on somatic cells. FXRα helps establish and maintain an undifferentiated germ cell pool and in turn influences male fertility. FXRα regulates the expression of several pluripotency factors. Among these, in vitro approaches show that FXRα controls the expression of the pluripotency marker Lin28 in the germ cells. FXRα regulated germ cell apoptotis independently of androgen homeostasis FXRα controls germ cell differentiation FXRα regulates the establishment and maintenance of undifferentiated germ cells In germ cells, FXRα controls the expression of pluripotency markers such as Lin28
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Martinot
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lauriane Sèdes
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Baptissart
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Holota
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Betty Rouaisnel
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Damon-Soubeyrand
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angélique De Haze
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Saru
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Céline Keime
- IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 964, 1 BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gérard Benoit
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon, UMR5239 CNRS/ENS Lyon/UCBL/HCL, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Françoise Caira
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H Volle
- INSERM U 1103, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6293, Laboratoire GReD, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Donlin-Asp PG, Rossoll W, Bassell GJ. Spatially and temporally regulating translation via mRNA-binding proteins in cellular and neuronal function. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1508-1525. [PMID: 28295262 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated regulation of mRNA localization and local translation are essential steps in cellular asymmetry and function. It is increasingly evident that mRNA-binding proteins play critical functions in controlling the fate of mRNA, including when and where translation occurs. In this review, we discuss the robust and complex roles that mRNA-binding proteins play in the regulation of local translation that impact cellular function in vertebrates. First, we discuss the role of local translation in cellular polarity and possible links to vertebrate development and patterning. Next, we discuss the expanding role for local protein synthesis in neuronal development and function, with special focus on how a number of neurological diseases have given us insight into the importance of translational regulation. Finally, we discuss the ever-increasing set of tools to study regulated translation and how these tools will be vital in pushing forward and addressing the outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Donlin-Asp
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wilfried Rossoll
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chandra R, Engeln M, Francis TC, Konkalmatt P, Patel D, Lobo MK. A Role for Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator-1α in Nucleus Accumbens Neuron Subtypes in Cocaine Action. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:564-572. [PMID: 27939396 PMCID: PMC5346327 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecules critically involved in cocaine behavioral plasticity are known to regulate and interact with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). In addition, the PGC-1α promoter has binding sites for early growth response 3 (Egr3), which plays a dynamic role in cocaine action in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes, those enriched in dopamine receptor D1 (D1-MSN) versus D2 (D2-MSN). However, the role of PGC-1α in NAc in cocaine action is unknown. METHODS PGC-1α messenger RNA and protein were examined in NAc after repeated cocaine exposure. Binding of Egr3 to and histone methylation at the PGC-1α promoter was examined in NAc using chromatin immunoprecipitation after repeated cocaine. PGC-1α ribosome-associated messenger RNA in MSN subtypes was assessed after repeated cocaine using D1-Cre-RiboTag and D2-Cre-RiboTag lines. Finally, PGC-1α was expressed in NAc D1-MSNs versus D2-MSNs using a Cre-inducible adeno-associated virus and Cre lines during cocaine conditioned place preference and cocaine-induced locomotion. RESULTS Repeated cocaine increased PGC-1α levels and increased Egr3 binding and H3K4me3 at the PGC-1α promoter in NAc. Increased PGC-1α occurred in D1-MSNs, while D2-MSNs showed reduced levels. Viral-mediated expression of PGC-1α in D1-MSNs enhanced behavioral responses to cocaine, while expression in D2-MSNs blunted these behaviors. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a novel role for PGC-1α in NAc in cocaine action. PGC-1α is enhanced in NAc D1-MSNs, specifically after cocaine exposure. These data are consistent with increased active methylation and Egr3 binding at the PGC-1α promoter. Finally, we demonstrate a bidirectional role for PGC-1α in mediating behavioral plasticity to cocaine through D1-MSNs versus D2-MSNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michel Engeln
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T. Chase Francis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Dipal Patel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Lottrup G, Belling K, Leffers H, Nielsen JE, Dalgaard MD, Juul A, Skakkebæk NE, Brunak S, Rajpert-De Meyts E. Comparison of global gene expression profiles of microdissected human foetal Leydig cells with their normal and hyperplastic adult equivalents. Mol Hum Reprod 2017; 23:339-354. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grete Lottrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital(Rigshospitalet), International Center for Research and Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirstine Belling
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Leffers
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital(Rigshospitalet), International Center for Research and Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John E. Nielsen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital(Rigshospitalet), International Center for Research and Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marlene D. Dalgaard
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital(Rigshospitalet), International Center for Research and Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
- DTU Multi-Assay Core (DMAC), Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital(Rigshospitalet), International Center for Research and Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels E. Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital(Rigshospitalet), International Center for Research and Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ewa Rajpert-De Meyts
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital(Rigshospitalet), International Center for Research and Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction & Child Health (EDMaRC), 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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42
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Martinot E, Sèdes L, Baptissart M, Lobaccaro JM, Caira F, Beaudoin C, Volle DH. Bile acids and their receptors. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 56:2-9. [PMID: 28153453 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary bile acids are synthetized from cholesterol within the liver and then transformed by the bacteria in the intestine to secondary bile acids. In addition to their involvement in digestion and fat solubilization, bile acids also act as signaling molecules. Several receptors are sensors of bile acids. Among these receptors, this review focuses on the nuclear receptor FXRα and the G-protein-coupled receptor TGR5. This review briefly presents the potential links between bile acids and cancers that are discussed in more details in the other articles of this special issue of Molecular Aspects of Medicine focused on "Bile acids, roles in integrative physiology and pathophysiology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Martinot
- INSERM U 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), F-63170 Aubière, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, F-63170 Aubière, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63170 Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lauriane Sèdes
- INSERM U 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), F-63170 Aubière, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, F-63170 Aubière, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63170 Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Baptissart
- INSERM U 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), F-63170 Aubière, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, F-63170 Aubière, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63170 Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lobaccaro
- INSERM U 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), F-63170 Aubière, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, F-63170 Aubière, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63170 Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Françoise Caira
- INSERM U 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), F-63170 Aubière, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, F-63170 Aubière, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63170 Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Beaudoin
- INSERM U 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), F-63170 Aubière, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, F-63170 Aubière, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63170 Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David H Volle
- INSERM U 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement (GReD), F-63170 Aubière, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, F-63170 Aubière, France; CNRS, UMR 6293, GReD, F-63170 Aubière, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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43
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Stanton PG, Foo CFH, Rainczuk A, Stephens AN, Condina M, O'Donnell L, Weidner W, Ishikawa T, Cruickshanks L, Smith LB, McLachlan RI. Mapping the testicular interstitial fluid proteome from normal rats. Proteomics 2016; 16:2391-402. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Stanton
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Caroline F. H. Foo
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Epworth Research Institute; Epworth Healthcare; Richmond Victoria Australia
| | | | - Liza O'Donnell
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Wolfgang Weidner
- Department of Urology; Paediatric Urology and Andrology; Justus Liebig University; Giessen Germany
| | | | - Lyndsey Cruickshanks
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Lee B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | - Robert I. McLachlan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science; Monash University; Clayton Victoria Australia
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44
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Chalmel F, Rolland AD. Linking transcriptomics and proteomics in spermatogenesis. Reproduction 2016; 150:R149-57. [PMID: 26416010 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex and tightly regulated process leading to the continuous production of male gametes, the spermatozoa. This developmental process requires the sequential and coordinated expression of thousands of genes, including many that are testis-specific. The molecular networks underlying normal and pathological spermatogenesis have been widely investigated in recent decades, and many high-throughput expression studies have studied genes and proteins involved in male fertility. In this review, we focus on studies that have attempted to correlate transcription and translation during spermatogenesis by comparing the testicular transcriptome and proteome. We also discuss the recent development and use of new transcriptomic approaches that provide a better proxy for the proteome, from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Finally, we provide illustrations of how testis-derived transcriptomic and proteomic data can be integrated to address new questions and how the 'proteomics informed by transcriptomics' technique, by combining RNA-seq and MS-based proteomics, can contribute significantly to the discovery of new protein-coding genes or new protein isoforms expressed during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chalmel
- Inserm U1085-IrsetUniversité de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
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45
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Abstract
Mammalian spermatogenesis requires a stem cell pool, a period of amplification of cell numbers, the completion of reduction division to haploid cells (meiosis), and the morphological transformation of the haploid cells into spermatozoa (spermiogenesis). The net result of these processes is the production of massive numbers of spermatozoa over the reproductive lifetime of the animal. One study that utilized homogenization-resistant spermatids as the standard determined that human daily sperm production (dsp) was at 45 million per day per testis (60). For each human that means ∼1,000 sperm are produced per second. A key to this level of gamete production is the organization and architecture of the mammalian testes that results in continuous sperm production. The seemingly complex repetitious relationship of cells termed the "cycle of the seminiferous epithelium" is driven by the continuous commitment of undifferentiated spermatogonia to meiosis and the period of time required to form spermatozoa. This commitment termed the A to A1 transition requires the action of retinoic acid (RA) on the undifferentiated spermatogonia or prospermatogonia. In stages VII to IX of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, Sertoli cells and germ cells are influenced by pulses of RA. These pulses of RA move along the seminiferous tubules coincident with the spermatogenic wave, presumably undergoing constant synthesis and degradation. The RA pulse then serves as a trigger to commit undifferentiated progenitor cells to the rigidly timed pathway into meiosis and spermatid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Griswold
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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46
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França LR, Hess RA, Dufour JM, Hofmann MC, Griswold MD. The Sertoli cell: one hundred fifty years of beauty and plasticity. Andrology 2016; 4:189-212. [PMID: 26846984 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been one and a half centuries since Enrico Sertoli published the seminal discovery of the testicular 'nurse cell', not only a key cell in the testis, but indeed one of the most amazing cells in the vertebrate body. In this review, we begin by examining the three phases of morphological research that have occurred in the study of Sertoli cells, because microscopic anatomy was essentially the only scientific discipline available for about the first 75 years after the discovery. Biochemistry and molecular biology then changed all of biological sciences, including our understanding of the functions of Sertoli cells. Immunology and stem cell biology were not even topics of science in 1865, but they have now become major issues in our appreciation of Sertoli cell's role in spermatogenesis. We end with the universal importance and plasticity of function by comparing Sertoli cells in fish, amphibians, and mammals. In these various classes of vertebrates, Sertoli cells have quite different modes of proliferation and epithelial maintenance, cystic vs. tubular formation, yet accomplish essentially the same function but in strikingly different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R França
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - R A Hess
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology, Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J M Dufour
- Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - M C Hofmann
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M D Griswold
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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47
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Sousa Martins JP, Liu X, Oke A, Arora R, Franciosi F, Viville S, Laird DJ, Fung JC, Conti M. DAZL and CPEB1 regulate mRNA translation synergistically during oocyte maturation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1271-82. [PMID: 26826184 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic progression requires exquisitely coordinated translation of maternal messenger (m)RNA that has accumulated during oocyte growth. A major regulator of this program is the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 (CPEB1). However, the temporal pattern of translation at different meiotic stages indicates the function of additional RNA binding proteins (RBPs). Here, we report that deleted in azoospermia-like (DAZL) cooperates with CPEB1 to regulate maternal mRNA translation. Using a strategy that monitors ribosome loading onto endogenous mRNAs and a prototypic translation target, we show that ribosome loading is induced in a DAZL- and CPEB1-dependent manner, as the oocyte reenters meiosis. Depletion of the two RBPs from oocytes and mutagenesis of the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) demonstrate that both RBPs interact with the Tex19.1 3' UTR and cooperate in translation activation of this mRNA. We observed a synergism between DAZL and cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPEs) in the translation pattern of maternal mRNAs when using a genome-wide analysis. Mechanistically, the number of DAZL proteins loaded onto the mRNA and the characteristics of the CPE might define the degree of cooperation between the two RBPs in activating translation and meiotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao P Sousa Martins
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ashwini Oke
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ripla Arora
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Federica Franciosi
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Stephan Viville
- Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale INSERM U964, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR 1704, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Diana J Laird
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jennifer C Fung
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marco Conti
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Abstract
An imbalance in molecular signaling cascades and transcriptional regulation in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes, those enriched in dopamine D1 versus D2 receptors, is implicated in the behavioral responses to psychostimulants. To provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms occurring in MSN subtypes by cocaine, we examined the transcription factor early growth response 3 (Egr3). We evaluated Egr3 because it is a target of critical cocaine-mediated signaling pathways and because Egr3-binding sites are found on promoters of key cocaine-associated molecules. We first used a RiboTag approach to obtain ribosome-associated transcriptomes from each MSN subtype and found that repeated cocaine administration induced Egr3 ribosome-associated mRNA in NAc D1-MSNs while reducing Egr3 in D2-MSNs. Using Cre-inducible adeno-associated viruses combined with D1-Cre and D2-Cre mouse lines, we observed that Egr3 overexpression in D1-MSNs enhances rewarding and locomotor responses to cocaine, whereas overexpression in D2-MSNs blunts these behaviors. miRNA knock-down of Egr3 in MSN subtypes produced opposite behavioral responses from those observed with overexpression. Finally, we found that repeated cocaine administration altered Egr3 binding to promoters of genes that are important for cocaine-mediated cellular and behavioral plasticity. Genes with increased Egr3 binding to promoters, Camk2α, CREB, FosB, Nr4a2, and Sirt1, displayed increased mRNA in D1-MSNs and, in some cases, a reduction in D2-MSNs. Histone and the DNA methylation enzymes G9a and Dnmt3a displayed reduced Egr3 binding to their promoters and reduced mRNA in D1-MSNs. Our study provides novel insight into an opposing role of Egr3 in select NAc MSN subtypes in cocaine action.
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McClure CD, Southall TD. Getting Down to Specifics: Profiling Gene Expression and Protein-DNA Interactions in a Cell Type-Specific Manner. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2015; 91:103-151. [PMID: 26410031 PMCID: PMC4604662 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The majority of multicellular organisms are comprised of an extraordinary range of cell types, with different properties and gene expression profiles. Understanding what makes each cell type unique and how their individual characteristics are attributed are key questions for both developmental and neurobiologists alike. The brain is an excellent example of the cellular diversity expressed in the majority of eukaryotes. The mouse brain comprises of approximately 75 million neurons varying in morphology, electrophysiology, and preferences for synaptic partners. A powerful process in beginning to pick apart the mechanisms that specify individual characteristics of the cell, as well as their fate, is to profile gene expression patterns, chromatin states, and transcriptional networks in a cell type-specific manner, i.e., only profiling the cells of interest in a particular tissue. Depending on the organism, the questions being investigated, and the material available, certain cell type-specific profiling methods are more suitable than others. This chapter reviews the approaches presently available for selecting and isolating specific cell types and evaluates their key features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D. McClure
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tony D. Southall
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Ernst Chain Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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50
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RiboTag is a flexible tool for measuring the translational state of targeted cells in heterogeneous cell cultures. Biotechniques 2015; 58:308-17. [PMID: 26054767 DOI: 10.2144/000114299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary neuronal cultures are a useful tool for measuring pharmacological- and transgene-regulated gene expression; however, accurate measurements can be confounded by heterogeneous cell types and inconsistent transfection efficiency. Here we describe our adaptation of a ribosomal capture strategy that was designed to be used in transgenic mice expressing tagged ribosomal subunits (RiboTag) in specific cell types, thereby allowing measurement of translating RNAs from desired cell types within complex tissues. Using this strategy we were able to isolate and analyze neuron-specific RNA despite the presence of glia by co-transfecting experimental plasmids with plasmids that selectively express RiboTag in neurons. RiboTag immunoprecipitation was capable of recovering high integrity RNA from small numbers of transfected cells that can then be interrogated by a variety of methods (e.g., RT-qPCR, PCR array, RNA-Seq) and compared with basal RNA expression of the entire culture. Additionally, we demonstrate how co-transfection of RiboTag with small hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs can validate and accurately assess the degree of gene expression knockdown, and how RiboTag can be used to measure receptor-mediated gene regulation with transiently expressed designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). RiboTag co-transfection represents a convenient and powerful tool to isolate RNA from a specific subset of cultured cells with a variety of applications for experiments in vitro.
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