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Cai J, Chen X, Liu X, Li Z, Shi A, Tang X, Xia P, Zhang J, Yu P. AMPK: The key to ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4079-4096. [PMID: 36134582 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) refers to a syndrome in which tissue damage is further aggravated and organ function further deteriorates when blood flow is restored after a period of tissue ischemia. Acute myocardial infarction, stress ulcer, pancreatitis, intestinal ischemia, intermittent claudication, acute tubular necrosis, postshock liver failure, and multisystem organ failure are all related to reperfusion injury. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified in multiple catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways. The functions of AMPK during health and diseases are intriguing but still need further research. Except for its conventional roles as an intracellular energy switch, emerging evidence reveals the critical role of AMPK in IRI as an energy-sensing signal molecule by regulating metabolism, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and other progressions. At the same time, drugs based on AMPK for the treatment of IRI are constantly being researched and applied in clinics. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the effects of AMPK in IRI and describe the AMPK-targeting drugs in treatment, hoping to increase the understanding of AMPK in IRI and provide new insights into future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ao Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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Zheng Y, Tao Y, Zhan X, Wu Q. Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) silencing protects hepatocyte against hypoxia-reperfusion injury in vitro by activating liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8349-8359. [PMID: 35311465 PMCID: PMC9161842 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2053804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is widely involved in the regulation of cell survival and is related to ischemic injury in several organs. This research examined the emerging role and mechanism of NR4A1 in hepatocyte ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). BRL-3A cells were subjected to hypoxia-reperfusion (H/R) to simulate an IRI model in vitro. The expression of NR4A1 and liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway-related proteins (LKB1, AMPK, and ACC) was detected by western blotting or RT-qPCR under H/R condition after NR4A1 overexpression or silencing. Then, radicicol, an inhibitor of LKB1 pathway, was used to determine the role of NR4A1 in hepatocyte H/R injury by regulating LKB1. Under the help of CCK-8 assay, cell viability was assessed. The levels of ROS, MDA, and SOD were determined with corresponding kits to evaluate oxidative stress. Additionally, RT-qPCR was employed to analyze the releases of the inflammatory factors. Flow cytometry was applied to estimate the apoptosis and its related proteins, and autophagy-associated proteins were assayed by western blotting. Results indicated that NR4A1 was highly expressed, while proteins in LKB1/AMPK signaling was downregulated in BRL-3A cells exposed to H/R. The activation of LKB1/AMPK pathway could be negatively regulated by NR4A1. Moreover, NR4A1 depletion conspicuously promoted cell viability, inhibited oxidative stress as well as inflammation, and induced apoptosis and autophagy in H/R-stimulated BRL-3A cells, which were reversed after radicicol intervention. Collectively, NR4A1/LKB1/AMPK axis is a new protective pathway involved in hepatocyte IRI, shedding new insights into the improvement of hepatocyte IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Tao
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhan
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Rajesh Y, Sarkar D. Association of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines with Development of Obesity-Induced Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042163. [PMID: 33671547 PMCID: PMC7926723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly dispersing all around the world and is closely associated with a high risk of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), leading to carcinogenesis, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, leading to an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT). Adipocytes play a substantial role in the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of several adipokines, affecting cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance via diverse signaling pathways. AT is considered an endocrine organ owing to its ability to secrete adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and a plethora of inflammatory cytokines, which modulate insulin sensitivity and trigger chronic low-grade inflammation in different organs. Even though the precise mechanisms are still unfolding, it is now established that the dysregulated secretion of adipokines by AT contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. This review focuses on several obesity-associated adipokines and their impact on obesity-related metabolic diseases, subsequent metabolic complications, and progression to HCC, as well as their role as potential therapeutic targets. The field is rapidly developing, and further research is still required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms for the metabolic actions of adipokines and their role in obesity-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Massey Cancer Center, Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-827-2339
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D'Marco L, Morillo V, Gorriz JL, Suarez MK, Nava M, Ortega Á, Parra H, Villasmil N, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. SGLT2i and GLP-1RA in Cardiometabolic and Renal Diseases: From Glycemic Control to Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Senescence. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:9032378. [PMID: 34790827 PMCID: PMC8592766 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9032378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Over the last few years, the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) has increased substantially in medical practice due to their documented benefits in cardiorenal and metabolic health. In this sense, and in addition to being used for glycemic control in diabetic patients, these drugs also have other favorable effects such as weight loss and lowering blood pressure, and more recently, they have been shown to have cardio and renoprotective effects with anti-inflammatory properties. Concerning the latter, the individual or associated use of these antihyperglycemic agents has been linked with a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines and with an improvement in the inflammatory profile in chronic endocrine-metabolic diseases. Hence, these drugs have been positioned as first-line therapy in the management of diabetes and its multiple comorbidities, such as obesity, which has been associated with persistent inflammatory states that induce dysfunction of the adipose tissue. Moreover, other frequent comorbidities in long-standing diabetic patients are chronic complications such as diabetic kidney disease, whose progression can be slowed by SGLT2i and/or GLP-1RA. The neuroendocrine and immunometabolism mechanisms underlying adipose tissue inflammation in individuals with diabetes and cardiometabolic and renal diseases are complex and not fully understood. Summary. This review intends to expose the probable molecular mechanisms and compile evidence of the synergistic or additive anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT2i and GLP-1RA and their potential impact on the management of patients with obesity and cardiorenal compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D'Marco
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain
- CEU Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia 46115, Spain
| | - Valery Morillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - José Luis Gorriz
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - María K. Suarez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Heliana Parra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Nelson Villasmil
- School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 77054, USA
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Carballo MCS, Pinto LCS, Brito MVH. The role of adiponectin in ischemia-reperfusion syndrome: a literature review. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2020; 18:eRW5160. [PMID: 32876087 PMCID: PMC7444600 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020rw5160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, among other diverse adipokines, is produced in greater quantity and has an effect on the adipose tissue and other tissues in the body. Adiponectin plays three main roles: regulatory metabolic and sensitizing function of insulin in the liver and muscles; it acts as an anti-inflammatory cytokine and in vascular protection, besides important cardiac protection in the presence of ischemia-reperfusion syndrome. Since many situations resulting from traumatic accidents or pathologies are due to cell damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, it is relevant to study new therapeutic alternatives that will contribute to reducing these lesions. The objective of this study is to carry out a literature review on the role of adiponectin in ischemia-reperfusion syndrome.
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Data on Adiponectin from 2010 to 2020: Therapeutic Target and Prognostic Factor for Liver Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155242. [PMID: 32718097 PMCID: PMC7432057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The review describes the role of adiponectin in liver diseases in the presence and absence of surgery reported in the literature in the last ten years. The most updated therapeutic strategies based on the regulation of adiponectin including pharmacological and surgical interventions and adiponectin knockout rodents, as well as some of the scientific controversies in this field, are described. Whether adiponectin could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver diseases and patients submitted to hepatic resection or liver transplantation are discussed. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical data on the mechanism of action of adiponectin in different liver diseases (nonalcoholic fatty disease, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) in the absence or presence of surgery are evaluated in order to establish potential targets that might be useful for the treatment of liver disease as well as in the practice of liver surgery associated with the hepatic resections of tumors and liver transplantation.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokines that plays critical roles in the maintenance of energy homeostasis as well as inflammation regulation. The half-life of adiponectin is very short and the small-molecule adiponectin receptor agonist has been synthesized recently. In the present study, the potential roles of AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-Gal)-induced acute hepatitis was explored. METHODS BALB/c mice (n = 144, male) were divided into three sets. In set 1, 32 mice were randomized into four groups: the control group, the AdipoRon group, the LPS/D-Gal group, and the AdipoRon + LPS/D-Gal group. The mice in set 1 were sacrificed after LPS/D-Gal treatment, and the plasma samples were collected for detection of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). In set 2, the 32 mice were also divided into four groups similar to that of set 1. The mice were sacrificed 6 h after LPS/D-Gal injection and plasma samples and liver were collected. In set 3, 80 mice (divided into four groups, n = 20) were used for survival observation. The survival rate, plasma aminotransferases, histopathological damage were measured and compared between these four groups. RESULTS AdipoRon suppressed the elevation of plasma aminotransferases (from 2106.3 ± 781.9 to 286.8 ± 133.1 U/L for alanine aminotransferase, P < 0.01; from 566.5 ± 243.4 to 180.1 ± 153.3 U/L for aspartate aminotransferase, P < 0.01), attenuated histopathological damage and improved the survival rate (from 10% to 60%) in mice with LPS/D-Gal-induced acute hepatitis. Additionally, AdipoRon down-regulated the production of TNF-α (from 328.6 ± 121.2 to 213.4 ± 52.2 pg/mL, P < 0.01), inhibited the activation of caspase-3 (from 2.04-fold to 1.34-fold of the control), caspase-8 (from 2.03-fold to 1.31-fold of the control), and caspase-9 (from 2.14-fold to 1.43-fold of the control), and decreased the level of cleaved caspase-3 (0.28-fold to that of the LPS/D-Gal group). The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nucleotide nick-end labeling-positive apoptotic hepatocytes in LPS/D-Gal-exposed mice also reduced. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that LPS/D-Gal-induced acute hepatitis was effectively attenuated by the adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon, implying that AdipoRon might become a new reagent for treatment of acute hepatitis.
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Lu Y, Ma Y, Wang R, Sun J, Guo B, Wei R, Jia Y. Adiponectin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell calcification induced by beta-glycerophosphate through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Biosci 2019; 44:86. [PMID: 31502564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a common problem in the elderly with diabetes, heart failure and end-stage renal disease. The differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblasts is the main feature, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. It is not clear whether adiponectin (APN) affects osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs. This study aims to explore the effect of APN on vascular calcification by using a cell model induced by beta-glycerophosphate (beta-GP). VSMCs were isolated and treated with beta-GP and APN in this study. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression levels of Runx2, BMP-2, collagen type I and osteocalcin were determined. The expression levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 in nucleus and cytoplasm of VSMCs were analyzed. The results showed that APN significantly inhibited the expression of ALP, Runx2, BMP-2, collagen I, osteocalcin and the formation of the mineralized matrix in VSMCs induced by beta-GP. APN reduces the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs induced by beta-GP and down-regulates the expression of the osteogenic transcription factor osterix by inhibiting STATS3 phosphorylation and nuclear transport. APN may be one of the potential candidates for clinical treatment of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85 Jiefangnan Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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9
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Lu Y, Ma Y, Wang R, Sun J, Guo B, Wei R, Jia Y. Adiponectin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell calcification induced by beta-glycerophosphate through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Rampes S, Ma D. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in liver transplant setting: mechanisms and protective strategies. J Biomed Res 2019; 33:221-234. [PMID: 32383437 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20180087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of liver transplant failure, and is of increasing significance due to increased use of expanded criteria livers for transplantation. This review summarizes the mechanisms and protective strategies for hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the context of liver transplantation. Pharmacological therapies, the use of pre-and post-conditioning and machine perfusion are discussed as protective strategies. The use of machine perfusion offers significant potential in the reconditioning of liver grafts and the prevention of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, and is an exciting and active area of research, which needs more study clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanketh Rampes
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 1U, UK
| | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK
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Bai H, Zhao L, Liu H, Guo H, Guo W, Zheng L, Liu X, Wu X, Luo J, Li X, Gao L, Feng D, Qu Y. Adiponectin confers neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through activating the cAMP/PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:145-154. [PMID: 30395885 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a severe cerebrovascular disease. Although great progress has been made, the consequent ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is inevitable and affects the therapeutic effect. Adiponectin (APN) is a fat-derived plasma protein that has beneficial actions on cardiovascular disorders. The present study aims to investigate the effect of APN on I/R injury and the potential underlying mechanisms. In step 1, APN were administered for three times (once every 8 h) 24 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The results indicated that APN treatment reduced infarct volume, neurological deficits and brain water content after I/R injury. Meanwhile, APN was proved to increase the expression of cAMP, PKA, CREB, and BDNF. In step 2, mice were randomly assigned into the Vehicle + I/R, APN + I/R, PKA activator + I/R, PKA inhibitor + APN + I/R groups. PKA activator, PKA inhibitor, as well as APN were administered for three times before MCAO. The results indicated that PKA inhibitor downregulated the expressions of cAMP, PKA, CREB, and BDNF which subsequently weakened the protective effects of APN on cerebral I/R injury. In conclusion, our findings further suggest that APN exerts protective effect against cerebral I/R injury might through the cAMP/PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway. APN is a novel candidate in the treatment of I/R diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Haixiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Longlong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xunyuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jianing Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yan Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Wu H, Guo P, Li X, Jin Z, Yang X, Wang Y. Hydroxybutyrate promotes the recovery from cerebral infarction by activating Amp-activated protein kinase signaling. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1195-1202. [PMID: 30116369 PMCID: PMC6090228 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is effective for protection against ischemia/brain damage in rat models. However, the specific underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In line with the previous studies, the present data showed that GHB improves cerebral blood flow (CBF) and physiological variables, including pH, pCO2 and pO2. Using CD31-immunofluorescence staining, a reduction of blood vessel density was indicated in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group; however, GHB treatment enhanced the cerebral vascular density in the ischemic area. In addition, GHB treatment increased the number of BrdU/lectin double-positive cells. Furthermore, the reduction of nestin-positive cells was identified in the brain of MCAO rats, while the number of nestin-positive cells was significantly increased after GHB administration. Compared with the sham group, the activation of Amp-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was identified in MCAO rats, suggesting stress-mediated AMPK activation after ischemia. Furthermore, the western blot assay showed that GHB treatment resulted in further activation of AMPK and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), suggesting an enhanced energy supply. In summary, the present novel data indicates that GHB promotes the recovery from cerebral infarction mainly by activating AMPK and eNOS signaling, thereby enhancing angiogenesis and neuron regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huisheng Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Koleini N, Kardami E. Autophagy and mitophagy in the context of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46663-46680. [PMID: 28445146 PMCID: PMC5542301 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is a cytotoxic drug widely incorporated in various chemotherapy protocols. Severe side effects such as cardiotoxicity, however, limit Dox application. Mechanisms by which Dox promotes cardiac damage and cardiomyocyte cell death have been investigated extensively, but a definitive picture has yet to emerge. Autophagy, regarded generally as a protective mechanism that maintains cell viability by recycling unwanted and damaged cellular constituents, is nevertheless subject to dysregulation having detrimental effects for the cell. Autophagic cell death has been described, and has been proposed to contribute to Dox-cardiotoxicity. Additionally, mitophagy, autophagic removal of damaged mitochondria, is affected by Dox in a manner contributing to toxicity. Here we will review Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and cell death in the broad context of the autophagy and mitophagy processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Koleini
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Elissavet Kardami
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Li W, Dai C, Ouyang J, Aziz H, Tao J, He X, Zhao G. Adsorption and retention behaviors of heterogeneous combination flooding system composed of dispersed particle gel and surfactant. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Biochemical targets of drugs mitigating oxidative stress via redox-independent mechanisms. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1225-1252. [PMID: 29101309 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute or chronic oxidative stress plays an important role in many pathologies. Two opposite approaches are typically used to prevent the damage induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), namely treatment either with antioxidants or with weak oxidants that up-regulate endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. This review discusses options for the third pharmacological approach, namely amelioration of oxidative stress by 'redox-inert' compounds, which do not inactivate RONS but either inhibit the basic mechanisms leading to their formation (i.e. inflammation) or help cells to cope with their toxic action. The present study describes biochemical targets of many drugs mitigating acute oxidative stress in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol overdose. In addition to the pro-inflammatory molecules, the targets of mitigating drugs include protein kinases and transcription factors involved in regulation of energy metabolism and cell life/death balance, proteins regulating mitochondrial permeability transition, proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and isoprenoid synthesis. The data may help in identification of oxidative stress mitigators that will be effective in human disease on top of the current standard of care.
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16
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Wang Y, Ma XL, Lau WB. Cardiovascular Adiponectin Resistance: The Critical Role of Adiponectin Receptor Modification. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:519-530. [PMID: 28473178 PMCID: PMC6391995 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
For the past two decades, a great deal of research has been published concerning adiponectin (APN), an abundant protein responsible for regulating numerous biologic functions including antioxidative, antinitrative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. A review of APN and its two major receptors is timely because of new findings concerning the mechanisms by which APN signaling may be altered in pathologic processes such as diabetes and heart failure. In this review we elaborate on currently known information regarding the physiologic role of APN and the known mechanisms underlying pathologic APN resistance - namely, APN receptor downregulation and phosphorylation - and provide insight regarding the future directions of APN research including an assessment of the clinical applicability of preventing pathologic post-translational modification of the APN receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xin L Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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17
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Zhang YQ, Ding N, Zeng YF, Xiang YY, Yang MW, Hong FF, Yang SL. New progress in roles of nitric oxide during hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:2505-2510. [PMID: 28465634 PMCID: PMC5394513 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i14.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a clinical condition which may lead to cellular injury and organ dysfunction. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in HIRI is complicated and inconclusive. NO produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation plays a protective role during early HIRI. But eNOS overexpression and the resulting excessive NO bioavailability can aggravate liver injury. NO induced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may have either a protective or a deleterious effect during the early phase of HIRI, but it may protect the liver during late HIRI. Here, we reviewed the latest findings on the role of NO during HIRI: (1) NO exerts a protective effect against HIRI by increasing NO bioavailability, downregulating p53 gene expression, decreasing inflammatory chemokines, reducing ROS via inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain, activating sGC-GTP-cGMP signal pathway to reduce liver cell apoptosis, and regulating hepatic immune functions; (2) eNOS protects against HIRI by increasing NO levels, several eNOS/NO signal pathways (such as Akt-eNOS/NO, AMPK-eNOS/NO and HIF-1α-eNOS/NO) participating in the anti-HIRI process, and inhibiting over-expression of eNOS also protects against HIRI; and (3) the inhibition of iNOS prevents HIRI. Thus, the adverse effects of NO should be avoided, but its positive effect in the clinical treatment of diseases associated with HIRI should be recognized.
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Zhang M, Yang D, Gong X, Ge P, Dai J, Lin L, Zhang L. Protective benefits of AMP-activated protein kinase in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:823-829. [PMID: 28386315 PMCID: PMC5375980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major cause of hepatic failure and death after liver trauma, haemorrhagic shock, resection surgery and liver transplantation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensitive kinase that plays crucial roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. In HIRI, ischemia induces the decline of ATP and the increased ratio of AMP/ATP, which promotes the phosphorylation and activation of AMPK. Three AMPK kinases, liver kinase B1 (LKB1), Ca2+/calmodulin-depedent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) and TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), are main upstream kinases for the phosphorylation of AMPK. In addition to the changed AMP/ATP ratio, the activated CaMKKβ by increased intracelluar Ca2+ and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also involved in the activation of AMPK during HIRI. The activated AMPK might provide protective benefits in HIRI via prevention of energy decline, inhibition of inflammatory response, suppression of hepatocyte apoptosis and attenuation of oxidative stress. Thus, AMPK might become a novel target for the pharmacological intervention of HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Xianqiong Gong
- Hepatology Center, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineXiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Pu Ge
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Hospital of Chongqing University of Arts and SciencesChongqing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China
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19
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He N, Jia JJ, Li JH, Zhou YF, Lin BY, Peng YF, Chen JJ, Chen TC, Tong RL, Jiang L, Xie HY, Zhou L, Zheng SS. Remote ischemic perconditioning prevents liver transplantation-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: Role of ROS/RNS and eNOS. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:830-841. [PMID: 28223727 PMCID: PMC5296199 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i5.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the protective role of remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) in rat liver transplantation.
METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) or RIPerC. After 3 h reperfusion, blood samples were taken for measurement of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine (Cr) and creatinine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB). The liver lobes were harvested for the following measurements: reactive oxygen species (ROS), H2O2, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and total nitric oxide (NO). These measurements were determined using an ROS/H2O2, JC1 and Total NOx Assay Kit, respectively. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting, and peroxynitrite was semi-quantified by western blotting of 3-nitrotyrosine.
RESULTS Compared with the OLT group, the grafts subjected to RIPerC showed significantly improved liver and remote organ functions (P < 0.05). ROS (P < 0.001) including H2O2 (P < 0.05) were largely elevated in the OLT group as compared with the sham group, and RIPerC (P < 0.05) reversed this trend. The collapse of ΔΨm induced by OLT ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was significantly attenuated in the RIPerC group (P < 0.001). A marked increase of NO content and phosphoserine eNOS, both in protein and mRNA levels, was observed in liver graft of the RIPerC group as compared with the OLT group (P < 0.05). I/R-induced 3-nitrotyrosine content was significantly reduced in the RIPerC group as compared with the OLT group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the RIPerC and IPostC groups for all the results except Cr. The Cr level was lower in the RIPerC group than in the IPostC group (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION Liver graft protection by RIPerC is similar to or better than that of IPostC, and involves inhibition of oxidative stress and up-regulation of the PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO pathway.
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20
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Park SM, Jung EH, Kim JK, Jegal KH, Park CA, Cho IJ, Kim SC. 20 S-Protopanaxadiol, an aglycosylated ginsenoside metabolite, induces hepatic stellate cell apoptosis through liver kinase B1-AMP-activated protein kinase activation. J Ginseng Res 2017; 41:392-402. [PMID: 28701883 PMCID: PMC5489770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we reported that Korean Red Ginseng inhibited liver fibrosis in mice and reduced the expressions of fibrogenic genes in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The present study was undertaken to identify the major ginsenoside responsible for reducing the numbers of HSCs and the underlying mechanism involved. METHODS Using LX-2 cells (a human immortalized HSC line) and primary activated HSCs, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assays were conducted to examine the cytotoxic effects of ginsenosides. H2O2 productions, glutathione contents, lactate dehydrogenase activities, mitochondrial membrane permeabilities, apoptotic cell subpopulations, caspase-3/-7 activities, transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and immunoblot analysis were performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism responsible for ginsenoside-mediated cytotoxicity. Involvement of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related signaling pathway was examined using a chemical inhibitor and small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Of the 11 ginsenosides tested, 20S-protopanaxadiol (PPD) showed the most potent cytotoxic activity in both LX-2 cells and primary activated HSCs. Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis induced by 20S-PPD was blocked by N-acetyl-l-cysteine pretreatment. In addition, 20S-PPD concentration-dependently increased the phosphorylation of AMPK, and compound C prevented 20S-PPD-induced cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, 20S-PPD increased the phosphorylation of liver kinase B1 (LKB1), an upstream kinase of AMPK. Likewise, transfection of LX-2 cells with LKB1 siRNA reduced the cytotoxic effect of 20S-PPD. Thus, 20S-PPD appears to induce HSC apoptosis by activating LKB1-AMPK and to be a therapeutic candidate for the prevention or treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Park
- MRC-GHF, Department of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Jung
- MRC-GHF, Department of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- MRC-GHF, Department of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Jegal
- MRC-GHF, Department of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung A Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- MRC-GHF, Department of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- MRC-GHF, Department of Herbal Formulation, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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21
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Li F, Zheng X, Fan X, Zhai K, Tan Y, Kou J, Yu B. YiQiFuMai Powder Injection Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Myocardial Apoptosis Through AMPK Activation. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:495-508. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xianjie Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yisha Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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22
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Farbood Y, Sarkaki A, Khalaj L, Khodagholi F, Badavi M, Ashabi G. Targeting Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase by Metformin Adjusts Post-Ischemic Hyperemia and Extracellular Neuronal Discharge in Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia. Microcirculation 2016. [PMID: 26213885 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE I/R and its subsequent reactive hyperemia results in different adverse effects such as brain edema and BBB disruption. AMPK activation has been perceived as one of the target factors for I/R treatment. We investigated the effect of Met (an AMPK activator) on some physiological parameters including vascular responses, hyperemia, BBB disruption, and electrophysiological activity following tGCI. METHODS Rats were pretreated with Met for two weeks and CC was administered half an hour before tGCI. Brain vascular responses, hyperemia, BBB disruption, and electrophysiological activity were evaluated following the ischemia. RESULTS Met attenuated BBB disruption and reactive hyperemia in tGCI rats compared with the untreated I/R rats (p < 0.001). Met administration along with CC in the ischemic rats reversed the beneficial effects of Met on BBB disruption and reactive hyperemia (p < 0.001). Electrophysiological records indicated that Met increased spike rates in the ischemic rats comparing with I/R rats (p < 0.001), whereas, CC administration blocked the beneficial effects of Met on the neuronal discharges (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We established a regulatory role for AMPK in vascular and electrophysiological responses to tGCI. Studies are ongoing to determine if activation of AMPK in the reperfusion period would offer similar protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Leila Khalaj
- Medical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurobiology Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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23
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Nepal S, Park PH. Modulation of Cell Death and Survival by Adipokines in the Liver. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:961-5. [PMID: 26133703 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines, hormones predominantly produced from adipose tissue, have been shown to impart dynamic functions in the liver. Emerging evidence has shown that adipokines are also involved in modulating liver cell survival and/or death. Among the various adipokines, adiponectin and leptin directly regulate proliferation of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells. Moreover, these adipokines control apoptosis and cell cycle of hepatic cancer cells in a complex manner. Adiponectin possesses both pro- and anti-proliferative properties, whereas leptin appears to play roles as a pro-survival hormone. Recent studies have revealed that regulation of cell death and proliferation is one of the critical factors regulating liver physiology by adipokines. In this review, we summarize the effects of adipokines on apoptosis and survival of liver cells and also demonstrate their implications in regulating various liver functions and decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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24
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Liu XH, Yang YW, Dai HT, Cai SW, Chen RH, Ye ZQ. Protective role of adiponectin in a rat model of intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:13250-13258. [PMID: 26715807 PMCID: PMC4679756 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i47.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the potential protective role of adiponectin in intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury.
METHODS: A rat model of intestinal I/R injury was established. The serum level of adiponectin in rats with intestinal I/R injury was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also measured by ELISA. Apoptosis of intestinal cells was detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and villous injury scores were also measured.
RESULTS: Adiponectin was downregulated in the serum of rats with intestinal I/R injury compared with sham rats. No significant changes in the expression of adiponectin receptor 1 and adiponectin receptor 2 were found between sham and I/R rats. Pre-treatment with recombinant adiponectin attenuated intestinal I/R injury. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, in rats with intestinal I/R injury was reduced by adiponectin pre-treatment. The production of MDA was inhibited, and the release of SOD was restored by adiponectin pre-treatment in rats with intestinal I/R injury. Adiponectin pre-treatment also inhibited cell apoptosis in these rats. Treatment with the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway inhibitor, compound C, or the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inhibitor, Snpp, attenuated the protective effects of adiponectin against intestinal I/R injury.
CONCLUSION: Adiponectin exhibits protective effects against intestinal I/R injury, which may involve the AMPK/HO-1 pathway.
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25
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Molecular pathways in protecting the liver from ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a 2015 update. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:345-62. [PMID: 26014222 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia/reperfusion injury is an important cause of liver damage during surgical procedures such as hepatic resection and liver transplantation, and represents the main cause of graft dysfunction post-transplantation. Molecular processes occurring during hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion are diverse, and continuously include new and complex mechanisms. The present review aims to summarize the newest concepts and hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of liver ischaemia/reperfusion, making clear distinction between situations of cold and warm ischaemia. Moreover, the most updated therapeutic strategies including pharmacological, genetic and surgical interventions, as well as some of the scientific controversies in the field are described.
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26
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Iwakiri Y, Kim MY. Nitric oxide in liver diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:524-36. [PMID: 26027855 PMCID: PMC4532625 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the liver. Despite its diverse and complicated roles, certain patterns of the effect of NO on the pathogenesis and progression of liver diseases are observed. In general, NO derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is protective against disease development, while inducible NOS (iNOS)-derived NO contributes to pathological processes. This review addresses the roles of NO in the development of various liver diseases with a focus on recently published articles. We present here two recent advances in understanding NO-mediated signaling - nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs) and S-guanylation - and conclude with suggestions for future directions in NO-related studies on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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27
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Katira A, Tan PH. Adiponectin and its receptor signaling: an anti-cancer therapeutic target and its implications for anti-tumor immunity. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1105-25. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1035710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Duan J, Yin Y, Cui J, Yan J, Zhu Y, Guan Y, Wei G, Weng Y, Wu X, Guo C, Wang Y, Xi M, Wen A. Chikusetsu Saponin IVa Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Mice via Adiponectin-Mediated AMPK/GSK-3β Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:728-743. [PMID: 25636683 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus substantially increases the risk of stroke and enhances brain's vulnerability to ischemia insult. In a previous study, Chikusetsu saponin IVa (CHS) pretreatment was proved to protect the brain from cerebral ischemic in normal stroke models. Whether CHS could attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic mice and the possible underlying mechanism are still unrevealed. Male C57BL/6 mice were injected streptozotocin to induce diabetes. After that, the mice were pretreated with CHS for 1 month, and then, focal cerebral ischemia was induced following 24-h reperfusion. The neurobehavioral scores, infarction volumes, and some cytokines in the brain were measured. Apoptosis was analyzed by caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression. Downstream molecules of adiponectin (APN) were investigated by Western blotting. The results showed that CHS reduced infarct size, improved neurological outcomes, and inhibited cell injury after I/R. In addition, CHS pretreatment increased APN level and enhanced neuronal AdipoR1, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) expression in a concentration-dependent manner in diabetic mice, and these effects were abolished by APN knockout (KO). In vitro test, CHS treatment also alleviated PC12 cell injury and apoptosis, evidenced by reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and caspase-3 expression, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in I/R injured cells. Moreover, CHS enhanced AdipoR1, AMPK, and GSK-3β expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Likewise, short interfering RNA (sinRNA) knockdown of liver kinase B1 (LKB1), an upstream kinase of AMPK, reduced the ability of CHS in protecting cells from I/R injury. Furthermore, this LKB1-dependent cellular protection resulted from AdipoR1 and APN activation, as supported by the experiment using sinRNA knockdown of AdipoR1 and APN. Thus, CHS protected brain I/R in diabetes through AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of GSK-3β downstream of APN-LKB1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Weng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Tongxinluo decreases apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells concentration-dependently under hypoxia and serum deprivation conditions through the AMPK/eNOS pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 63:265-73. [PMID: 24220313 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases in China. Our previous study has demonstrated the pro-survival role of TXL on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo. But whether TXL could decrease apoptosis of MSCs in vitro, and the underlying mechanism are still unknown. Moreover, AMPK/eNOS pathway is crucial in regulating cell apoptosis. Therefore, we designed the study to investigate whether TXL could decrease MSCs apoptosis under hypoxia and serum deprivation (H/SD) conditions and to determine the role of AMPK/eNOS pathway. To test the hypothesis, MSCs were treated with TXL (50-400 μg/mL) under H/SD for 6 hours. For inhibitor studies, the cells were preincubated with AMPK inhibitor compound C. Results indicated that TXL decreased MSCs apoptosis concentration-dependently evidenced by reduced Annexin V+/PI- cells and increased red/green ratio of JC-1. Further, TXL enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS. Whereas, treatment with compound C decreased the phosphorylation of AMPK and eNOS and was accompanied by attenuated anti-apoptotic effect of TXL. In conclusion, TXL protected MSCs against H/SD-induced injury at least in part through the AMPK/eNOS pathway, which provides a novel explanation for the multi-effect of TXL on cardiovascular system.
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Shin S, Kim BY, Jeon HY, Lee A, Lee S, Sung SH, Park CS, Lee CK, Kong H, Song Y, Kim K. Expression system for production of bioactive compounds, recombinant human adiponectin, in the silk glands of transgenic silkworms. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:645-51. [PMID: 24272890 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte hormone involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to develop a human adiponectin expression system in transgenic silkworm using a human adiponectin expression vector. The silk gland of the silkworm is a highly specialized organ that has the wonderful ability to synthesize and secrete silk protein. To express human adiponectin in the silk gland of transgenic silkworm, targeting vectors pB-A3-adiponectin-IRES-RFP and pB-Ser1-adiponectin-IRES-RFP were constructed and then introduced into the silkworm pupa. The transgenic silkworms were verified by PCR and then generated. The level of adiponectin in the transgenic silkworm was 6-10 ng/50 mg of freeze-dried powder, and western blotting using an antibody against human adiponectin demonstrated a specific band with a molecular weight of 30 kDa in the silkworm. These results showed that human adiponectin introduced into the silkworm genome was expressed successfully on a large-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulmee Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Hwarangro-815, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 139-742, Korea
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