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Yao Y, Holdcraft RW, Hagness SC, Booske JH. Electric pulse exposure reduces AAV8 dosage required to transduce HepG2 cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298866. [PMID: 38687720 PMCID: PMC11060518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that applying electric field pulses to hepatocytes, in vitro, in the presence of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV8) vectors reduces the viral dosage required for a given transduction level by more than 50-fold, compared to hepatocytes exposed to AAV8-EGFP vectors without electric field pulse exposure. We conducted 48 experimental observations across 8 exposure conditions in standard well plates. The electric pulse exposures involved single 80-ms pulses with 375 V/cm field intensity. Our study suggests that electric pulse exposure results in enhanced EGFP expression in cells, indicative of increased transduction efficiency. The enhanced transduction observed in our study, if translated successfully to an in vivo setting, would be a promising indication of potential reduction in the required dose of AAV vectors. Understanding the effects of electric field pulses on AAV transduction in vitro is an important preliminary step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Holdcraft
- Translational Core Laboratory, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Susan C. Hagness
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John H. Booske
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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3
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Srinivasan M, Thangaraj SR, Arzoun H. Gene Therapy - Can it Cure Type 1 Diabetes? Cureus 2021; 13:e20516. [PMID: 35004071 PMCID: PMC8723777 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most prevalent early-onset autoimmune diseases, and numerous treatment regimens have been developed over the years with a mainstay focus on insulin injections, infusions, and pumps. However, with the evolution of modern medicine in the recent decade, can gene therapy be a possible solution to prevent and even cure this autoimmune diabetes? In this review, the authors discuss the present-day advancements around the globe where gene therapy is implemented in different techniques to halt and even reverse T1D. The main focus of the final included studies for this review was to regenerate or preserve pancreatic β cells from other cell types in order to optimize insulin secretions in non-obese autoimmune diabetic patients. A literature search was done in various databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, and a final of eight studies were included. On the whole, the studies reviewed suggested favorable results of gene therapy, although these researches were done mainly in vitro or as animal studies. The application of different virus vector encoding gene transfer through transcription factors, mRNA electroporation, insulin-like growth factor gene expression as well as combination gene transfer concluded beneficial effects on normalizing insulin production, which could pave the path to perfecting gene therapy, and may even find a permanent cure for T1D in the near future.
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Sia KC, Fu ZY, Calne RY, Nathwani AC, Lee KO, Gan SU. Modification of a Constitutive to Glucose-Responsive Liver-Specific Promoter Resulted in Increased Efficacy of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 8-Insulin Gene Therapy of Diabetic Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112474. [PMID: 33202992 PMCID: PMC7696068 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously used a hepatotropic adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector with a modified human insulin gene to treat diabetic mice. The HLP (hybrid liver-specific promoter) used was constitutively active and non-responsive to glucose. In this study, we examined the effects of addition of glucose responsive elements (R3G) and incorporation of a 3' albumin enhancer (3'iALB) on insulin expression. In comparison with the original promoter, glucose responsiveness was only observed in the modified promoters in vitro with a 36 h lag time before the peak expression. A 50% decrease in the number of viral particles at 5 × 109 vector genome (vg)/mouse was required by AAV8-R3GHLP-hINSco to reduce the blood sugar level to near normoglycemia when compared to the original AAV8-HLP-hINSco that needed 1 × 1010 vg/mouse. The further inclusion of an 860 base-pairs 3'iALB enhancer component in the 3' untranslated region increased the in vitro gene expression significantly but this increase was not observed when the packaged virus was systemically injected in vivo. The addition of R3G to the HLP promoter in the AAV8-human insulin vector increased the insulin expression and secretion, thereby lowering the required dosage for basal insulin treatment. This in turn reduces the risk of liver toxicity and cost of vector production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Chuan Sia
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (K.C.S.); (Z.Y.F.); (R.Y.C.)
| | - Zhen Ying Fu
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (K.C.S.); (Z.Y.F.); (R.Y.C.)
| | - Roy Y. Calne
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (K.C.S.); (Z.Y.F.); (R.Y.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amit C. Nathwani
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK;
| | - Kok Onn Lee
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Shu Uin Gan
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (K.C.S.); (Z.Y.F.); (R.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6601-2465
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Recino A, Gan SU, Sia KC, Sawyer Y, Trendell J, Kay R, Gribble FM, Reimann F, Foale R, Notaridou M, Holmes N, Lever A, Lee KO, Nathwani A, Cooke A, Calne R, Wallberg M. Immunosuppression overcomes insulin- and vector-specific immune responses that limit efficacy of AAV2/8-mediated insulin gene therapy in NOD mice. Gene Ther 2019; 26:40-56. [PMID: 30514969 PMCID: PMC6514884 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the restoration of euglycaemia in chemically induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice and spontaneously diabetic Non Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice by intravenous systemic administration of a single-stranded adeno-associated virus (ssAAV2/8) codon optimised (co) vector encoding furin cleavable human proinsulin under a liver-specific promoter. There were no immunological barriers to efficacy of insulin gene therapy in chemically induced C57BL/6 mice, which enjoyed long-lasting correction of hyperglycaemia after therapy, up to 250 days. Euglycaemia was also restored in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice, although these mice required a 7-10-fold higher dose of vector to achieve similar efficacy as the C57BL/6 mice and the immunodeficient NODscid mice. We detected CD8+ T cell reactivity to insulin and mild inflammatory infiltration in the livers of gene therapy recipient NOD mice, neither of which were observed in the treated C57BL/6 mice. Efficacy of the gene therapy in NOD mice was partially improved by targeting the immune system with anti-CD4 antibody treatment, while transfer of NOD mouse AAV2/8-reactive serum to recipients prevented successful restoration of euglycaemia in AAV2/8-HLP-hINSco-treated NODscid mice. Our data indicate that both immune cells and antibodies form a barrier to successful restoration of euglycaemia in autoimmune diabetic recipient mice with insulin gene therapy, but that this barrier can be overcome by increasing the dose of vector and by suppressing immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Recino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
| | - Shu Uin Gan
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Chuan Sia
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Sawyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Jenny Trendell
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Richard Kay
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rob Foale
- Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom, Suffolk, UK
| | | | - Nick Holmes
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Andrew Lever
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Onn Lee
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amit Nathwani
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Roy Calne
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maja Wallberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
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Jaén ML, Vilà L, Elias I, Jimenez V, Rodó J, Maggioni L, Ruiz-de Gopegui R, Garcia M, Muñoz S, Callejas D, Ayuso E, Ferré T, Grifoll I, Andaluz A, Ruberte J, Haurigot V, Bosch F. Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Insulin and Glucokinase Gene Therapy for Diabetes: 8-Year Follow-Up in Dogs. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017. [PMID: 28626777 PMCID: PMC5466581 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex metabolic disease that exposes patients to the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia on various organs. Achievement of normoglycemia with exogenous insulin treatment requires the use of high doses of hormone, which increases the risk of life-threatening hypoglycemic episodes. We developed a gene therapy approach to control diabetic hyperglycemia based on co-expression of the insulin and glucokinase genes in skeletal muscle. Previous studies proved the feasibility of gene delivery to large diabetic animals with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. Here, we report the long-term (∼8 years) follow-up after a single administration of therapeutic vectors to diabetic dogs. Successful, multi-year control of glycemia was achieved without the need of supplementation with exogenous insulin. Metabolic correction was demonstrated through normalization of serum levels of fructosamine, triglycerides, and cholesterol and remarkable improvement in the response to an oral glucose challenge. The persistence of vector genomes and therapeutic transgene expression years after vector delivery was documented in multiple samples from treated muscles, which showed normal morphology. Thus, this study demonstrates the long-term efficacy and safety of insulin and glucokinase gene transfer in large animals and especially the ability of the system to respond to the changes in metabolic needs as animals grow older.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Jaén
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Vilà
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivet Elias
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Jimenez
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Rodó
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luca Maggioni
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ruiz-de Gopegui
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miguel Garcia
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Callejas
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Ayuso
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tura Ferré
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Grifoll
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Andaluz
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jesus Ruberte
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Haurigot
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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