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Li J, Chen C, Zeng Y, Lu J, Xiao L. Hyaluronidase inhibits TGF-β-mediated rat periodontal ligament fibroblast expression of collagen and myofibroblast markers: An in vitro exploration of periodontal tissue remodeling. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 163:105980. [PMID: 38692246 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) degradation by hyaluronidase (HYAL) in inhibiting collagen fiber production by rat periodontal ligament cells (rPDLCs). DESIGN Primary rPDLCs were isolated from the euthanized rats and used for in vitro experiments. The appropriate HYAL concentration was determined through CCK-8 testing for cytotoxicity detection and Alizarin red staining for mineralization detection. RT-qPCR and western blot assays were conducted to assess the effect of HYAL, with or without TGF-β, on generation of collagen fiber constituents and expression of actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (ACTA2) of rPDLCs. RESULTS Neither cell proliferation nor mineralization were significantly affected by treatment with 4 U/mL HYAL. HYAL (4 U/mL) alone downregulated type I collagen fiber (Col1a1 and Col1a2) and Acta2 mRNA expression; however, ACTA2 and COL1 protein levels were only downregulated by HYAL treatment after TGF-β induction. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of rPDLCs with HYAL can inhibit TGF-β-induced collagen matrix formation and myofibroblast transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Osteopathy, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunting Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Osteopathy, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liwei Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical Center of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Kobori Y, Tachizaki M, Imaizumi T, Tanaka Y, Seya K, Miki Y, Kawaguchi S, Matsumiya T, Tobisawa Y, Ohyama C, Tasaka S. TMEM2 suppresses TLR3-mediated IFN-β/ISG56/CXCL10 expression in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:417. [PMID: 38483660 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial epithelial cells are at the front line of viral infections. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) cascade causes the expression of interferon (IFN)-β and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), which in turn induce an antiviral response. Members of the transmembrane protein (TMEM) family are expressed in various cell types. Although the prognostic value of TMEM2 in various cancers has been reported, its association with infectious diseases remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of TMEM2 on antiviral immunity in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS TMEM2 protein was found in the cytoplasm of normal human bronchial epithelial cells and differed between organs using immunohistochemistry. Cultured BEAS-2B cells were transfected with TMEM2 siRNA, followed by administration of TLR3 ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC) or recombinant human (r(h)) IFN-β. The expression of TMEM2, IFN-β, ISG56, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and hyaluronan were evaluated appropriately by western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TMEM2 expression was not altered by poly IC stimulation. Knockdown of TMEM2 increased poly IC-induced expression of IFN-β, CXCL10, and ISG56, while IFN-β-induced expression of ISG56 and CXCL10 were not changed by TMEM2 knockdown. The hyaluronan concentration in the medium was decreased by either TMEM2 knockdown or poly IC, but additive or synergistic effects were not observed. CONCLUSIONS TMEM2 knockdown enhanced TLR3-mediated IFN-β, CXCL10, and ISG56 expression in BEAS-2B cells. This implies that TMEM2 suppresses antiviral immune responses and prevents tissue injury in bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kobori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Mayuki Tachizaki
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tadaatsu Imaizumi
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoh Matsumiya
- Department of Vascular and Inflammatory Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobisawa
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Sadatomo Tasaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifucho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
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Liu W, Liu YY, Zhang MQ, Qin MZ, Yang YY, Liu BW, Zhang DJ, Jiang CH, Yin ZQ, Lu M, Shen JP, Zhang J. A comparative study of the ameliorative effects of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides and hyaluronic acid on DSS-induced colitis in mice and research on relevant mechanisms. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37366083 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03644d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a dietary supplement, hyaluronic acid (HA) has exhibited appreciable immunomodulatory activity and an ameliorative effect on rodent colitis. However, its high viscosity is not only refractory to absorb through the gut, but also causes flatulence. In contrast to HA, hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides (o-HAs) can overcome the above-mentioned constraints, but their treatment effect still remains ill-defined contemporarily. Herein, the current study intends to compare the modulatory effects of HA and o-HA on colitis and assess the underlying molecular mechanism. We first showed that o-HA had a better preventive effect than HA in alleviating colitis symptoms, as evidenced by lower body weight loss, lower disease activity index scores, a lower inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, p-NF-κB), and more intact colon epithelial integrity in vivo. The best efficiency was observed in the o-HA treated group with a dosage of 30 mg kg-1. In an in vitro barrier function assay, o-HA exerted a better protective effect on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), FITC permeability, and wound healing and modulated the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins (ZO-1, occludin) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Caco-2 cells. In summary, both HA and o-HA showed the potential to reduce inflammation and ameliorate intestinal damage in DSS-induced colitis and LPS-induced inflammation, but o-HA had improved outcomes. The results also provided a glimpse of the latent mechanism by which HA and o-HA enhanced intestinal barrier function via MLCK/p-MLC signaling pathway suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Meng-Qiu Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Miao-Zhen Qin
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Bi-Wen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Dong-Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Cui-Hua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Zhi-Qi Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Jian-Ping Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
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Akazawa H, Fukuda I, Kaneda H, Yoda S, Kimura M, Nomoto R, Ueda S, Shirai Y, Osawa R. Isolation and identification of hyaluronan-degrading bacteria from Japanese fecal microbiota. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284517. [PMID: 37196002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a high-molecular-weight glycosaminoglycan and widely distributed in all connective tissues and organs with diverse biological functions. HA has been increasingly used as dietary supplements targeted to joint and skin health for humans. We here first report isolation of bacteria from human feces that are capable of degrading HA to lower molecular weight HA oligosaccharides (oligo-HAs). The bacteria were successfully isolated via a selective enrichment method, in which the serially diluted feces of healthy Japanese donors were individually incubated in an enrichment medium containing HA, followed by the isolation of candidate strains from streaked HA-containing agar plates and selection of HA-degrading strains by measuring HA using an ELISA. Subsequent genomic and biochemical assays identified the strains as Bacteroides finegoldii, B. caccae, B. thetaiotaomicron, and Fusobacterium mortiferum. Furthermore, our HPLC analysis revealed that the strains degraded HA to oligo-HAs of various lengths. Subsequent quantitative PCR assay targeting the HA degrading bacteria showed that their distribution in the Japanese donors varied. The evidence suggests that dietary HA is degraded by the human gut microbiota with individual variation to oligo-HAs components, which are more absorbable than HA, thereby exerting its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Akazawa
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Haruna Kaneda
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, Sengawa Kewport, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yoda
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, Sengawa Kewport, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kimura
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, Sengawa Kewport, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nomoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuji Ueda
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shirai
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Kang H, Zuo Z, Lin R, Yao M, Han Y, Han J. The most promising microneedle device: present and future of hyaluronic acid microneedle patch. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:3087-3110. [PMID: 36151726 PMCID: PMC9518289 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2125600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microneedle patch (MNP) is an alternative to the oral route and subcutaneous injection with unique advantages such as painless administration, good compliance, and fewer side effects. Herein, we report MNP as a prominent strategy for drug delivery to treat local or systemic disease. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has advantageous properties, such as human autologous source, strong water absorption, biocompatibility, and viscoelasticity. Therefore, the Hyaluronic acid microneedle patch (HA MNP) occupies a large part of the MNP market. HA MNP is beneficial for wound healing, targeted therapy of certain specific diseases, extraction of interstitial skin fluid (ISF), and preservation of drugs. In this review, we summarize the benefits of HA and cross-linked HA (x-HA) as an MNP matrix. Then, we introduce the types of HA MNP, delivered substances, and drug distribution. Finally, we focus on the biomedical application of HA MNP as an excellent drug carrier in some specific diseases and the extraction and analysis of biomarkers. We also discuss the future development prospect of HA MNP in transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Kang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ru Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Muzi Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Han
- Faculty of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Garantziotis S, Savani RC. Proteoglycans in Toll-like receptor responses and innate immunity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C202-C214. [PMID: 35675639 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00088.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an active and dynamic feature of tissues that not only provides gross structure but also plays key roles in cellular responses. The ever-changing microenvironment responds dynamically to cellular and external signals, and in turn influences cell fate, tissue development, and response to environmental injury or microbial invasion. It is therefore paramount to understand how the ECM components interact with each other, the environment and cells, and how they mediate their effects. Among the ECM components that have recently garnered increased attention, proteoglycans (PGs) deserve special note. Recent evidence strongly suggests that they play a crucial role both in health maintenance and disease development. In particular, proteoglycans dictate whether homeostasis or cell death will result from a given injury, by triggering and modulating activation of the innate immune system, via a conserved array of receptors that recognize exogenous (infectious) or endogenous (tissue damage) molecular patterns. Innate immune activation by proteoglycans has important implications for the understanding of cell-matrix interactions in health and disease. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge of innate immune signaling by proteoglycans, discuss the implications, and explore future directions to define progress in this area of extracellular matrix biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Center for Pulmonary & Vascular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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7
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Hu L, Nomura S, Sato Y, Takagi K, Ishii T, Honma Y, Watanabe K, Mizukami Y, Muto J. Anti-inflammatory effects of differential molecular weight Hyaluronic acids on UVB-induced calprotectin-mediated keratinocyte inflammation. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:24-31. [PMID: 35717315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological functions of Hyaluronic acid are related to its molecular weight and binding to its receptor, Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) or CD44. Recent studies have shown that low-molecular-weight Hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA) exhibits proinflammatory effects, while high-molecular-weight Hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA) functions as an anti-inflammatory factor. UVB-induced epidermal inflammation is mainly mediated by endogenous molecules, such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), that cause severe skin damage by activating TLR signaling pathways. OBJECTIVE Since both LMW- and HMW-HA have inhibitory functions on TLR-mediated macrophage inflammation, HA is assumed to suppress UVB-induced DAMP-mediated inflammation in the skin. In this study, both Ultra- low-molecular-weight Hyaluronic acid (uLMW-HA) and HMW-HA were found to inhibit UVB-induced keratinocyte inflammation. METHODS HaCaT cells were treated with medium containing Hyaluronic acid at the appropriate concentration after 15 mJ/cm2 irradiation. Secreted protein levels were determined with ELISA kits. Expression levels of proteins downstream of TLR4 were detected by Simple Western system. RESULTS By competitively binding to TLR4, uLMW-HA downregulated Calprotectin-induced TRAF6 expression, which might be the direct process by which uLMW-HA decreased UVB-induced IL-6 secretion. Reduced CD44 variant (CD44v) expression in keratinocytes attenuated the inhibitory effect of both uLMW-HA and HMW-HA on UVB-induced inflammation, which indicated the involvement of CD44v in HA-regulated anti-inflammatory activity. CONCLUSION Overall, this research indicates that Hyaluronic acid is more than a moisturizer; it is also a biologically effective material that can prevent the excessive skin inflammation caused in daily life, especially in the late stages after sunburn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Hu
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nomura
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sato
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takagi
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ishii
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honma
- Basic Research Development Division, ROHTO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Institute of Gene Research, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Mizukami
- Institute of Gene Research, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Jun Muto
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Touon-shi, Ehime, Japan
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8
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Han W, Lv Y, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Shi C, Chen X, Wang L, Zhang M, Wei B, Zhao X, Wang X. The anti-inflammatory activity of specific-sized hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 276:118699. [PMID: 34823813 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute inflammatory conditions may cause tissue damage, sepsis, and death. As a critical component of the extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been reported to possess pro- and anti-inflammatory properties via Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we prepared different sizes and structures of HA oligosaccharides and derivatives and investigated the effects on inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that HA tetra-saccharide was the minimum fragment to enhance inflammation, whereas HA disaccharide competitively blocked TLR4-dependent inflammation. The enzymatic HA disaccharide (ΔHA2) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Based on structure-activity relationship analysis, we observed that anti-inflammatory activity depended on HAs polymerization degree, acetyl group, and configuration. In addition, we demonstrated that ΔHA2 reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production in vivo. ΔHA2, a native metabolite of HA polysaccharides, may have a potential role against LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Youjing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yutong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yingdi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chuanqin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Li Wang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China.
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9
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Garantziotis S. Modulation of hyaluronan signaling as a therapeutic target in human disease. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107993. [PMID: 34587477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is an active participant, modulator and mediator of the cell, tissue, organ and organismal response to injury. Recent research has highlighted the role of hyaluronan, an abundant glycosaminoglycan constituent of the extracellular matrix, in many fundamental biological processes underpinning homeostasis and disease development. From this basis, emerging studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of strategies which target hyaluronan synthesis, biology and signaling, with significant promise as therapeutics for a variety of inflammatory and immune diseases. This review summarizes the state of the art in this field and discusses challenges and opportunities in what could emerge as a new class of therapeutic agents, that we term "matrix biologics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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10
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You N, Chu S, Cai B, Gao Y, Hui M, Zhu J, Wang M. Bioactive hyaluronic acid fragments inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses via the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Front Med 2020; 15:292-301. [PMID: 32946028 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The high- and the low-molecular weight hyaluronic acids (HMW-HA and LMW-HA, respectively) showed different biological activities in inflammation. However, the role of LMW-HA in inflammatory response is controversial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of bioactive hyaluronan (B-HA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in human macrophages and mice. B-HA was produced from HA treated with glycosylated recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20. Human THP-1 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages. THP-1-derived macrophages were treated with B-HA, LPS, or B-HA + LPS. The mRNA expression and the production of inflammatory cytokines were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The phosphorylation levels of proteins in the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and IRF-3 signaling pathways were measured using Western blot. The in vivo efficacy of B-HA was assessed in a mouse model of LPS-induced inflammation. Results showed that B-HA inhibited the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and IFN-β, and enhanced the expression of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 in LPS-induced inflammatory responses in THP-1-derived macrophages and in vivo. B-HA significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of the TLR4 signaling pathway proteins p65, IKKα/β, IκBα, JNK1/2, ERK1/2, p38, and IRF-3. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the B-HA attenuated the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway. B-HA could be a potential anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na You
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, 236800, China
| | - Sasa Chu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Binggang Cai
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Youfang Gao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Bozhou, Bozhou, 236800, China
| | - Mizhou Hui
- AnRuipu Biological Products Research Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310019, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, 210002, China.
| | - Maorong Wang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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11
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Lee SG, Yoon MS, Kim DH, Shin JU, Lee HJ. Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Improve Rosacea-Like Phenotype through Anti-Inflammatory and Epidermal Barrier-Improving Effects. Ann Dermatol 2020; 32:189-196. [PMID: 33911737 PMCID: PMC7992622 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2020.32.3.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rosacea is a common skin disease associated with increased expression of cathelicidin, kallikrein 5 (KLK5), toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and abnormal barrier function. Recently, it was reported that hyaluronan (HA) could influence immune function via various receptors and HA oligosaccharides (oligo-HAs) could suppress TLR-dependent cytokine expression. Objective We investigated if oligo-HAs could influence on inflammation and epidermal barrier induced by LL-37, which had a major role in rosacea. Methods We cultured normal human keratinocytes and treated them with LL-37 and oligo-HAs or the LL-37 alone. A rosacea-like BALB/c mouse model injected with LL-37 was used to determine the role of oligo-HAs in rosacea in vivo. Results Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α release was suppressed when keratinocytes were co-treated with oligo-HAs and LL-37 compared with keratinocytes treated with LL-37 only. Treatment with oligo-HAs resulted in decreased transepidermal water loss as well as improved redness. Decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, IL-17A and KLK5 expression and increased CD44 and filaggrin expression were also noted. Conclusion Our findings suggest that oligo-HA improves rosacea-like phenotype through anti-inflammatory and epidermal barrier improving effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Gu Lee
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Moon Soo Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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12
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Rezvani SN, Chen J, Li J, Midura R, Cali V, Sandy JD, Plaas A, Wang VM. In-Vivo Efficacy of Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) Injection for Accelerated Healing of Murine Retrocalcaneal Bursitis and Tendinopathy. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:59-69. [PMID: 31478241 PMCID: PMC6917826 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of aggrecan/hyaluronan (HA)-rich matrix within the tendon body and surrounding peritenon impede tendon healing and result in compromised biomechanical properties. Hence, the development of novel strategies to achieve targeted removal of the aggrecan-HA pericellular matrix may be effective in treating tendinopathy. The current study examined the therapeutic potential of a recombinant human hyaluronidase, rHuPH20 (FDA approved for reducing HA accumulation in tumors) for treating murine Achilles tendinopathy. The 12-week-old C57Bl/6 male mice were injected with two doses of rHuTGF-β1 into the retrocalcaneal bursa (RCB) to induce a combined bursitis and tendinopathy. Twenty-four hours following induction of injury, treatment groups were administered rHuPH20 Hyaluronidase (rHuPH20; Halozyme Therapeutics) into the RCB. At either 6 h (acute), 9 days, or 25 days following hyaluronidase treatment, Achilles tendons were analyzed for gene expression, histology and immunohistochemistry, fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis, and biomechanical properties. The rHuPH20 treatment was effective, particularly at the acute and 9-day time points, in (a) removing HA deposits from the Achilles tendon and surrounding tissues, (b) improving biomechanical properties of the healing tendon, and (c) eliciting targeted increases in expression of specific cell fate, extracellular matrix metabolism, and inflammatory genes. The potential of rHuPH20 to effectively clear the pro-inflammatory, HA-rich matrix within the RCB and tendon strongly supports the future refinement of injectable glycosidase preparations as potential treatments to protect or regenerate tendon tissue by reducing inflammation and scarring in the presence of bursitis or other inducers of damage such as mechanical overuse. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:59-69, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah N. Rezvani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA)
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University (Chicago, IL)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University (Chicago, IL)
| | - Ron Midura
- Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (Cleveland, Ohio)
| | - Valbona Cali
- Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (Cleveland, Ohio)
| | - John D. Sandy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University (Chicago, IL)
| | - Anna Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University (Chicago, IL)
| | - Vincent M. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech (Blacksburg, VA)
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13
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Chistyakov DV, Astakhova AA, Azbukina NV, Goriainov SV, Chistyakov VV, Sergeeva MG. High and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Differentially Influences Oxylipins Synthesis in Course of Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163894. [PMID: 31405034 PMCID: PMC6719050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix, has cell signaling functions that are dependent on its molecular weight. Anti-inflammatory effects for high-molecular-weight (HMW) HA and pro-inflammatory effects for low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA effects were found for various myeloid cells, including microglia. Astrocytes are cells of ectodermal origin that play a pivotal role in brain inflammation, but the link between HA with different molecular weights and an inflammatory response in these cells is not clear. We tested the effects of LMW and HMW HA in rat primary astrocytes, stimulated with Poly:IC (PIC, TLR3 agonist) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, TLR4 agonist). Oxylipin profiles were measured by the UPLC-MS/MS analysis and metabolites HDoHEs (from docosahexaenoic acid), -HETEs, prostaglandins (from arachidonic acid), DiHOMEs and HODEs (from linoleic acid) were detected. Both, HMW and LMW HA downregulated the cyclooxygenase-mediated polyunsaturated fatty acids metabolism, LMW also reduced lipoxygenase-mediated fatty acid metabolism. Taken together, the data show that both LMW and HMW (i) influence themselves on cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10), enzymes iNOS, COX-2, and oxylipin levels in extracellular medium of cultured astrocytes, (ii) induced cellular adaptations in long-term applications, (iii) modulate TLR4- and TLR3-signaling pathways. The effects of HMW and LMW HA are predominantly revealed in TLR4– and TLR3- mediated responses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
- SREC PFUR Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia.
| | - Alina A Astakhova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Nadezda V Azbukina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119234 Russia
| | - Sergei V Goriainov
- SREC PFUR Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Viktor V Chistyakov
- SREC PFUR Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Marina G Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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14
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Emerging evidence for the essential role of hyaluronan in cutaneous biology. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 94:190-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Fallacara A, Baldini E, Manfredini S, Vertuani S. Hyaluronic Acid in the Third Millennium. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E701. [PMID: 30960626 PMCID: PMC6403654 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first isolation in 1934, hyaluronic acid (HA) has been studied across a variety of research areas. This unbranched glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating disaccharide units of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and d-glucuronic acid is almost ubiquitous in humans and in other vertebrates. HA is involved in many key processes, including cell signaling, wound reparation, tissue regeneration, morphogenesis, matrix organization and pathobiology, and has unique physico-chemical properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mucoadhesivity, hygroscopicity and viscoelasticity. For these reasons, exogenous HA has been investigated as a drug delivery system and treatment in cancer, ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, urology, aesthetic medicine and cosmetics. To improve and customize its properties and applications, HA can be subjected to chemical modifications: conjugation and crosslinking. The present review gives an overview regarding HA, describing its history, physico-chemical, structural and hydrodynamic properties and biology (occurrence, biosynthesis (by hyaluronan synthases), degradation (by hyaluronidases and oxidative stress), roles, mechanisms of action and receptors). Furthermore, both conventional and recently emerging methods developed for the industrial production of HA and its chemical derivatization are presented. Finally, the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications of HA and its derivatives are reviewed, reporting examples of HA-based products that currently are on the market or are undergoing further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Fallacara
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology (COSMAST), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Erika Baldini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology (COSMAST), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology (COSMAST), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technology (COSMAST), University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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16
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Hyaluronan interactions with innate immunity in lung biology. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:84-99. [PMID: 29410190 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Innate immune responses in the lung play a central role in the pathogenesis of lung disease and the maintenance of lung health, and thus it is crucial to understand factors that regulate them. Hyaluronan is ubiquitous in the lung, and its expression is increased following lung injury and in disease states. Furthermore, hyaladherins like inter-α-inhibitor, tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6, pentraxin 3 and versican are also induced and help form a dynamic hyaluronan matrix in injured lung. This review synthesizes present knowledge about the interactions of hyaluronan and its associated hyaladherins with the lung immune system, and the implications of these interactions for lung biology and disease.
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17
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Cerny V, Astapenko D, Brettner F, Benes J, Hyspler R, Lehmann C, Zadak Z. Targeting the endothelial glycocalyx in acute critical illness as a challenge for clinical and laboratory medicine. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 54:343-357. [PMID: 28958185 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1379943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript is to review the role of endothelial glycocalyx (EG) in the field of critical and perioperative medicine and to discuss possible future directions for investigations in this area. Under physiological conditions, EG has several well-defined functions aimed to prevent the disruption of vessel wall integrity. Under pathological conditions, the EG represent one of the earliest sites of injury during inflammation. EG structure and function distortion contribute to organ dysfunction related to sepsis, trauma, or global ischemia of any origin. Discovering new therapeutic approaches (either pharmacological or non-pharmacological) aimed to protect the EG against injury represents a promising direction in clinical medicine. Further, the currently-used common interventions in the acutely ill - fluids, blood products, nutritional support, organ-supporting techniques (e.g. continuous renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal circulation), temperature modulation and many others - should be re-evaluated during acute illness in terms of their EG "friendliness". To assess new therapies that protect the EG, or to evaluate the effect of currently-used interventions on EG integrity, a relevant marker or method to determine EG damage is needed. Such marker or method should be available to clinicians within hours, preferably in the form of a point-of-care test at the bedside. Collaborative research between clinical disciplines and laboratory medicine is warranted, and targeting the EG represents major challenges for both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Cerny
- a Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care , JE Purkinje University, Masaryk Hospital , Usti nad Labem , Czech Republic.,b Centrum for Research and Development, University Hospital , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,c Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care , Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic.,d Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
| | - David Astapenko
- c Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care , Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Florian Brettner
- e Department of Anaesthesiology , University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University , Munich , Germany
| | - Jan Benes
- f Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine , Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen , Plzen , Czech Republic.,g Biomedical Centre, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen , Plzen , Czech Republic
| | - Radomir Hyspler
- b Centrum for Research and Development, University Hospital , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Christian Lehmann
- d Department of Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada.,h Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada.,i Department of Pharmacology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
| | - Zdenek Zadak
- b Centrum for Research and Development, University Hospital , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
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18
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Šafránková B, Hermannová M, Nešporová K, Velebný V, Kubala L. Absence of differences among low, middle, and high molecular weight hyaluronan in activating murine immune cells in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:1-8. [PMID: 28860059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) effects on immune response are suggested to be dependent on HA molecular weight (MW), as low MW HA should activate immune cells in contrast to high MW HA. However, some current studies do not support this conception and emphasize the importance of the form of preparation of HA, particularly with respect to its purity and origin. We compared the activation of mouse immune cells by HA samples (100kDa, 500kDa, and 997kDa) prepared from HA originating from rooster comb, and HA samples (71kDa, 500kDa, and 1000kDa) prepared from pharmacological grade HA originating from Streptococcus equi. Interestingly, in contrast to established theory, only middle and high MW HA originating from rooster comb induced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α by macrophages and in whole blood. Further, all tested preparations of HA failed to induce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, the production of nitric oxide, or the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in macrophages and splenocytes. Importantly, all HA samples originating from rooster comb were found to be contaminated by endotoxin (up to 1.23EU/ml). Hence, low MW HA did not reveal itself to have significantly higher immunostimulatory activity compared to HA of higher MW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Šafránková
- Contipro a.s. 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kristina Nešporová
- Contipro a.s. 401, 561 02 Dolni Dobrouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lukáš Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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19
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Kimura M, Maeshima T, Kubota T, Kurihara H, Masuda Y, Nomura Y. Absorption of Orally Administered Hyaluronan. J Med Food 2017; 19:1172-1179. [PMID: 27982756 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has been utilized as a supplement. However, the absorption of orally administrated HA remains controversial. The degradation and absorption of HA in the intestine were investigated in this study. HA excretion into the feces, degradation in the intestinal tract, absorption through the large intestine, and translocation to the blood and skin were examined. HA administered orally was not detected in rat feces. HA was degraded by cecal content, but not by artificial gastric juice and intestinal juice. Oligosaccharide HA passed through excised large intestine sacs. Furthermore, disaccharides, tetrasaccharides, and polysaccharides HA were distributed to the skin of rats following oral administration of high molecular weight HA (300 kDa). The results of the study suggest that orally administered HA is degraded to oligosaccharides by intestinal bacteria, and oligosaccharide HA is absorbed in the large intestine and is subsequently distributed throughout the tissues, including the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Kimura
- 1 R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation , Sengawa Kewport, Tokyo, Japan .,2 Facility of Agriculture, Scleroprotein and Leather Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Maeshima
- 1 R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation , Sengawa Kewport, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Kubota
- 1 R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation , Sengawa Kewport, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurihara
- 1 R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation , Sengawa Kewport, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Masuda
- 1 R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation , Sengawa Kewport, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- 2 Facility of Agriculture, Scleroprotein and Leather Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo, Japan
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Effects of 4-methylumbelliferone and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid on the inflammation of corneal stromal cells induced by LPS. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 255:559-566. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Feng X, Liu X, Deng L, Liang ZA. Expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in lungs of immune-suppressed rat with Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2599-2605. [PMID: 27703512 PMCID: PMC5038893 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in the regulation of host responses to Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii). The aim of the present study was to examine the function of TLR4 in lung inflammation in immune-suppressed rats with A. baumannii infection. A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the control, A. baumannii infection and immune-suppressed infection groups. The immune-suppressed infection group was treated with 100 mg/kg hydrocortisone by subcutaneous injection every other day for 2 weeks prior to A. baumannii infection. Lung tissue was obtained on the 3rd and 7th day after tracheal inoculation with A. baumannii. The expression of TLR4 in bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophage was examined using immunohistochemistry. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were detected using ELISA. The results showed that in the control group, the expression of TLR4 was upregulated in the bronchial and alveolar epithelial, and alveolar macrophages, and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were increased in the early phase of A. baumannii infection. On the 7th day, no significant difference in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α was observed between the A. baumannii infection and control groups. Conversely, the expression of TLR4 was downregulated in the immune-suppressed group, and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced on the 3rd day after infection. In the subsequent observation period, the expression of TLR4 was upregulated and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were increased. In conclusion, the results show a critical role of TLR4 in mediating effective immune response in the lung of rat with A. baumannii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Province People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xuanlin Feng
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Province People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshu Liu
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Province People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Lei Deng
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Province People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Zong-An Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Qi C, Guo Y, Zhou W, Zhang Y. Toll-like receptor 4-related immunostimulatory polysaccharides: Primary structure, activity relationships, and possible interaction models. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 149:186-206. [PMID: 27261743 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is an important polysaccharide receptor; however, the relationships between the structures and biological activities of TLR4 and polysaccharides remain unknown. Many recent findings have revealed the primary structure of TLR4/MD-2-related polysaccharides, and several three-dimensional structure models of polysaccharide-binding proteins have been reported; and these models provide insights into the mechanisms through which polysaccharides interact with TLR4. In this review, we first discuss the origins of polysaccharides related to TLR4, including polysaccharides from higher plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and animals. We then briefly describe the glucosidic bond types of TLR4-related heteroglycans and homoglycans and describe the typical molecular weights of TLR4-related polysaccharides. The primary structures and activity relationships of polysaccharides with TLR4/MD-2 are also discussed. Finally, based on the existing interaction models of LPS with TLR4/MD-2 and linear polysaccharides with proteins, we provide insights into the possible interaction models of polysaccharide ligands with TLR4/MD-2. To our knowledge, this review is the first to summarize the primary structures and activity relationships of TLR4-related polysaccharides and the possible mechanisms of interaction for TLR4 and TLR4-related polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Chunhui Qi
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yan Guo
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China.
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Cellulose alters the expression of nuclear factor kappa B-related genes and Toll-like receptor-related genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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24
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Size Matters: Molecular Weight Specificity of Hyaluronan Effects in Cell Biology. Int J Cell Biol 2015; 2015:563818. [PMID: 26448754 PMCID: PMC4581549 DOI: 10.1155/2015/563818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan signaling properties are unique among other biologically active molecules, that they are apparently not influenced by postsynthetic molecular modification, but by hyaluronan fragment size. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the generation of hyaluronan fragments of different size and size-dependent differences in hyaluronan signaling as well as their downstream biological effects.
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25
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Dane MJC, van den Berg BM, Lee DH, Boels MGS, Tiemeier GL, Avramut MC, van Zonneveld AJ, van der Vlag J, Vink H, Rabelink TJ. A microscopic view on the renal endothelial glycocalyx. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F956-66. [PMID: 25673809 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00532.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells perform key homeostatic functions such as regulating blood flow, permeability, and aiding immune surveillance for pathogens. While endothelial activation serves normal physiological adaptation, maladaptation of these endothelial functions has been identified as an important effector mechanism in the progression of renal disease as well as the associated development of cardiovascular disease. The primary interface between blood and the endothelium is the glycocalyx. This carbohydrate-rich gel-like structure with its associated proteins mediates most of the regulatory functions of the endothelium. Because the endothelial glycocalyx is a highly dynamic and fragile structure ex vivo, and traditional tissue processing for staining and perfusion-fixation usually results in a partial or complete loss of the glycocalyx, studying its dimensions and function has proven to be challenging. In this review, we will outline the core functions of the glycocalyx and focus on different techniques to study structure-function relationships in kidney and vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn J C Dane
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M van den Berg
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dae Hyun Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margien G S Boels
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gesa L Tiemeier
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Cristina Avramut
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Section Electron Microscopy LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Hans Vink
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Nephrology, Einthoven laboratory for Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;
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26
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Płóciennikowska A, Hromada-Judycka A, Borzęcka K, Kwiatkowska K. Co-operation of TLR4 and raft proteins in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:557-581. [PMID: 25332099 PMCID: PMC4293489 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria to induce production of pro-inflammatory mediators aiming at eradication of the bacteria. Dysregulation of the host responses to LPS can lead to a systemic inflammatory condition named sepsis. In a typical scenario, activation of TLR4 is preceded by binding of LPS to CD14 protein anchored in cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane called rafts. CD14 then transfers the LPS to the TLR4/MD-2 complex which dimerizes and triggers MyD88- and TRIF-dependent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. The TRIF-dependent signaling is linked with endocytosis of the activated TLR4, which is controlled by CD14. In addition to CD14, other raft proteins like Lyn tyrosine kinase of the Src family, acid sphingomyelinase, CD44, Hsp70, and CD36 participate in the TLR4 signaling triggered by LPS and non-microbial endogenous ligands. In this review, we summarize the current state of the knowledge on the involvement of rafts in TLR4 signaling, with an emphasis on how the raft proteins regulate the TLR4 signaling pathways. CD14-bearing rafts, and possibly CD36-rich rafts, are believed to be preferred sites of the assembly of a multimolecular complex which mediates the endocytosis of activated TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Płóciennikowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Hromada-Judycka
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Borzęcka
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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27
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Sokolowska M, Chen LY, Eberlein M, Martinez-Anton A, Liu Y, Alsaaty S, Qi HY, Logun C, Horton M, Shelhamer JH. Low molecular weight hyaluronan activates cytosolic phospholipase A2α and eicosanoid production in monocytes and macrophages. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4470-88. [PMID: 24366870 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.515106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is the major glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix. During inflammation, there is an increased breakdown of HA, resulting in the accumulation of low molecular weight (LMW) HA and activation of monocytes and macrophages. Eicosanoids, derived from the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IVA (cPLA2α) activation, are potent lipid mediators also attributed to acute and chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of LMW HA on cPLA2α activation, arachidonic acid (AA) release, and subsequent eicosanoid production and to examine the receptors and downstream mechanisms involved in these processes in monocytes and differently polarized macrophages. LMW HA was a potent stimulant of AA release in a time- and dose-dependent manner, induced cPLA2α, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK phosphorylation, as well as activated COX2 expression and prostaglandin (PG) E2 production in primary human monocytes, murine RAW 264.7, and wild-type bone marrow-derived macrophages. Specific cPLA2α inhibitor blocked HA-induced AA release and PGE2 production in all of these cells. Using CD44, TLR4, TLR2, MYD88, RHAMM or STAB2 siRNA-transfected macrophages and monocytes, we found that AA release, cPLA2α, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK phosphorylation, COX2 expression, and PGE2 production were activated by LMW HA through a TLR4/MYD88 pathway. Likewise, PGE2 production and COX2 expression were blocked in Tlr4(-/-) and Myd88(-/-) mice, but not in Cd44(-/-) mice, after LMW HA stimulation. Moreover, we demonstrated that LMW HA activated the M1 macrophage phenotype with the unique cPLA2α/COX2(high) and COX1/ALOX15/ALOX5/LTA4H(low) gene and PGE2/PGD2/15-HETE(high) and LXA4(low) eicosanoid profile. These findings reveal a novel link between HA-mediated inflammation and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sokolowska
- From the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
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