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Shi L, Zhao Z, Yang L, Ding G, Xing X. Bioactive steroids from seed germination supporting fungus ( Ceratobasidium GS2) of the terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea. Mycology 2024; 14:371-380. [PMID: 38187881 PMCID: PMC10769133 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2254893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Almost all orchids rely on mycorrhizal fungus to support their seed germination. To date, the effect of active components in mycorrhizal fungus on orchid seed germination largely remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of active components found in mycorrhizal fungus on orchid seed germination. Specifically, we focused on a terrestrial orchid Gymnadenia conopsea and its host-specific seed germination supporting fungus Ceratobasidium GS2. In total, several steroids (1-7) were isolated from this fungus. Notably, compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 exhibited significant enhancements in protocorm volume. Moreover, compounds 1-6 demonstrated strong promotion of protocorm differentiation. These findings suggest that steroids may play a crucial role in the symbiotic germination of G. conopsea seeds. Future studies should continue to explore the specific mechanisms through which these steroids exert their effects, contributing to our understanding of orchid biology and mycorrhizal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Luna Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Xu ZX, Zhu XM, Yin H, Li B, Chen XJ, Fan XL, Li NQ, Selosse MA, Gao JY, Han JJ. Symbiosis between Dendrobium catenatum protocorms and Serendipita indica involves the plant hypoxia response pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2554-2568. [PMID: 36988071 PMCID: PMC10315314 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizae are ubiquitous symbioses established between fungi and plant roots. Orchids, in particular, require compatible mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination and protocorm development. Unlike arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which have wide host ranges, orchid mycorrhizal fungi are often highly specific to their host orchids. However, the molecular mechanism of orchid mycorrhizal symbiosis is largely unknown compared to that of arbuscular mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbiosis. Here, we report that an endophytic Sebacinales fungus, Serendipita indica, promotes seed germination and the development of protocorms into plantlets in several epiphytic Epidendroideae orchid species (6 species in 2 genera), including Dendrobium catenatum, a critically endangered orchid with high medicinal value. Although plant-pathogen interaction and high meristematic activity can induce the hypoxic response in plants, it has been unclear whether interactions with beneficial fungi, especially mycorrhizal ones, also involve the hypoxic response. By studying the symbiotic relationship between D. catenatum and S. indica, we determined that hypoxia-responsive genes, such as those encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), are highly induced in symbiotic D. catenatum protocorms. In situ hybridization assay indicated that the ADH gene is predominantly expressed in the basal mycorrhizal region of symbiotic protocorms. Additionally, the ADH inhibitors puerarin and 4-methylpyrazole both decreased S. indica colonization in D. catenatum protocorms. Thus, our study reveals that S. indica is widely compatible with orchids and that ADH and its related hypoxia-responsive pathway are involved in establishing successful symbiotic relationships in germinating orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiong Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xin-Meng Zhu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huachun Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xu-Li Fan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Neng-Qi Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Jiang-Yun Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jia-Jia Han
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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Zhu M, Chen H, Si J, Wu L. Effect of cultivation mode on bacterial and fungal communities of Dendrobium catenatum. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:221. [PMID: 36127644 PMCID: PMC9490927 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The orchid growth and development often associate with microbes. However, the interaction between plant performance and microbial communities within and surrounding plants is less understood. Dendrobium catenatum, which used to be an endangered orchid species, has become a billion dollar industry in China. Simulated natural cultivation modes, such as living tree epiphytic (LT) and cliff epiphytic (CE) cultivations, improve the production or quality of D. catenatum and contribute to the development of D. catenatum industry. In a previous study, morphological characteristics, anatomical structure, and main bioactive components (polysaccharides and ethanol-soluble extractives) of D. catenatum grown under LT and CE significantly differed from a facility cultivation mode, pot (PO) cultivation, were observed. Whether cultivation mode affects bacterial and fungal communities of D. catenatum, thereby affecting the chemical quality of this plant, need to be explored. Results Both three plant organs (leaf, stem, and root) and cultivating substrates obtained under three cultivation modes: living tree epiphytic (LT), cliff epiphytic (CE), and pot (PO) cultivation were examined by adopting high-throughput sequencing methods. Subsequently, bacterial and fungal correlations with D. catenatum main chemical components, stem polysaccharides and ethanol-soluble extractives and leaf phenols and flavonoids, were elucidated. The results showed that microbial communities of the plants and substrates are both influenced by the cultivation mode. However, the plants and their cultivating substrates exhibited different patterns of bacterial and fungal composition, with clearly distinguished dominant bacterial groups, but shared dominance among fungal groups. Bacteria and fungi differed in abundance, diversity, and community structure, depending on the cultivation environment and plant organ. Both bacterial and fungal communities were affected by cultivation mode and plant organ. In both plants and substrates, PO bacterial and fungal community structure differed significantly from those of LT and CE modes. Bacterial and fungal community structure differed significantly between roots and the other two plant organs examined (stems and leaves). Several bacteria and fungi were positively correlated with main chemical components in D. catenatum. Conclusions The findings indicate that microbial communities of the plants and substrates were both influenced by the cultivation mode and plant organ, and some of them were positively correlated with main chemical components in D. catenatum. The research would enhance our understanding of interactions between Dendrobium and the microbial environment, and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of improved D. catenatum cultivation methods. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02635-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, and Dendrobium catenatum Engineering and Technical Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Lin'an, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, and Dendrobium catenatum Engineering and Technical Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Lin'an, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, and Dendrobium catenatum Engineering and Technical Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Lin'an, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingshang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, and Dendrobium catenatum Engineering and Technical Research Center of State Forestry Administration, Lin'an, 311300, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Z, Zhao M, Zhang X, Deng X, Li J, Wang M. Genome-wide identification and characterization of active ingredients related β-Glucosidases in Dendrobium catenatum. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:612. [PMID: 35999493 PMCID: PMC9400273 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendrobium catenatum/D. officinale (here after D. catenatum), a well-known economically important traditional medicinal herb, produces a variety of bioactive metabolites including polysaccharides, alkaloids, and flavonoids with excellent pharmacological and clinical values. Although many genes associated with the biosynthesis of medicinal components have been cloned and characterized, the biosynthetic pathway, especially the downstream and regulatory pathway of major medicinal components in the herb, is far from clear. β-glucosidases (BGLUs) comprise a diverse group of enzymes that widely exist in plants and play essential functions in cell wall modification, defense response, phytohormone signaling, secondary metabolism, herbivore resistance, and scent release by hydrolyzing β-D-glycosidic bond from a carbohydrate moiety. The recent release of the chromosome-level reference genome of D. catenatum enables the characterization of gene families. Although the genome-wide analysis of the BGLU gene family has been successfully conducted in various plants, no systematic analysis is available for the D. catenatum. We previously isolated DcBGLU2 in the BGLU family as a key regulator for polysaccharide biosynthesis in D. catenatum. Yet, the exact number of DcBGLUs in the D. catenatum genome and their possible roles in bioactive compound production deserve more attention. RESULTS To investigate the role of BGLUs in active metabolites production, 22 BGLUs (DcBGLU1-22) of the glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) were identified from D. catenatum genome. Protein prediction showed that most of the DcBGLUs were acidic and phylogenetic analysis classified the family into four distinct clusters. The sequence alignments revealed several conserved motifs among the DcBGLU proteins and analyses of the putative signal peptides and N-glycosylation site revealed that the majority of DcBGLU members dually targeted to the vacuole and/or chloroplast. Organ-specific expression profiles and specific responses to MeJA and MF23 were also determined. Furthermore, four DcBGLUs were selected to test their involvement in metabolism regulation. Overexpression of DcBGLU2, 6, 8, and 13 significantly increased contents of flavonoid, reducing-polysaccharide, alkaloid and soluble-polysaccharide, respectively. CONCLUSION The genome-wide systematic analysis identified candidate DcBGLU genes with possible roles in medicinal metabolites production and laid a theoretical foundation for further functional characterization and molecular breeding of D. catenatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
| | - Meili Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,South China Limestone Plants Research Center, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
| | - Meina Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, Shenzhen, 518114, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
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Genome-Wide Analysis of the WOX Transcription Factor Genes in Dendrobium catenatum Lindl. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081481. [PMID: 36011392 PMCID: PMC9408443 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) proteins are a class of transcription factors exclusive to plants. They can promote cell division or inhibit stem cell differentiation to regulate plant growth and development. However, the WOX transcription factor genes in the monocotyledon Dendrobium catenatum Lindl. remain relatively uncharacterized. Specifically, the effects of phytohormones on their expression levels are unclear. In this study, we identified and analyzed 10 candidate DcaWOX transcription factor genes in D. catenatum. The DcaWOX family was divided into the modern/WUS, intermediate, and ancient clades. The subcellular localization analysis detected DcaWOX-GFP fusion proteins in the tobacco epidermal leaf cell nucleus. In DcaWOX, members of the WUS clade with the WUS-box motif can significantly activate the expression of TPL in vivo, while members of the intermediate and ancient clades cannot. The expression of the DcaWOX genes varied among the examined tissues. Moreover, the DcaWOX expression patterns were differentially affected by the phytohormone treatments, with differences detected even between homologs of the same gene. Furthermore, the gene expression patterns were consistent with the predicted cis-acting elements in the promoters. The above results suggest that DcaWOX may have an important role in its growth and development and resistance to stress. The results of this comprehensive investigation of the DcaWOX gene family provide the basis for future studies on the roles of WOX genes in D. catenatum.
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Ghirardo A, Fochi V, Lange B, Witting M, Schnitzler JP, Perotto S, Balestrini R. Metabolomic adjustments in the orchid mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella calospora during symbiosis with Serapias vomeracea. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1939-1952. [PMID: 32668507 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
All orchids rely on mycorrhizal fungi for organic carbon, at least during early development. In fact, orchid seed germination leads to the formation of a protocorm, a heterotrophic postembryonic structure colonized by intracellular fungal coils, thought to be the site of nutrient transfer. The molecular mechanisms underlying mycorrhizal interactions and metabolic changes induced by this symbiosis in both partners remain mostly unknown. We studied plant-fungus interactions in the mycorrhizal association between the Mediterranean orchid Serapias vomeracea and the basidiomycete Tulasnella calospora using nontargeted metabolomics. Plant and fungal metabolomes obtained from symbiotic structures were compared with those obtained under asymbiotic conditions. Symbiosis induced substantial metabolomic alterations in both partners. In particular, structural and signaling lipid compounds increased markedly in the external fungal mycelium growing near the symbiotic protocorms, whereas chito-oligosaccharides were identified uniquely in symbiotic protocorms. This work represents the first description of metabolic changes occurring in orchid mycorrhiza. These results - combined with previous transcriptomic data - provide novel insights on the mechanisms underlying the orchid mycorrhizal association and open intriguing questions on the role of fungal lipids in this symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Valeria Fochi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Birgit Lange
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Michael Witting
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Raffaella Balestrini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, 10125, Italy
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Valadares RBS, Perotto S, Lucheta AR, Santos EC, Oliveira RM, Lambais MR. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Indicate Metabolic Changes and Reduced Defense Responses in Mycorrhizal Roots of Oeceoclades maculata (Orchidaceae) Collected in Nature. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E148. [PMID: 32858792 PMCID: PMC7558880 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchids form endomycorrhizal associations with fungi mainly belonging to basidiomycetes. The molecular events taking place in orchid mycorrhiza are poorly understood, although the cellular changes necessary to accommodate the fungus and to control nutrient exchanges imply a modulation of gene expression. Here, we used proteomics and transcriptomics to identify changes in the steady-state levels of proteins and transcripts in the roots of the green terrestrial orchid Oeceoclades maculata. When mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots from the same individuals were compared, 94 proteins showed differential accumulation using the label-free protein quantitation approach, 86 using isobaric tagging and 60 using 2D-differential electrophoresis. After de novo assembly of transcriptomic data, 11,179 plant transcripts were found to be differentially expressed, and 2175 were successfully annotated. The annotated plant transcripts allowed the identification of up- and down-regulated metabolic pathways. Overall, proteomics and transcriptomics revealed, in mycorrhizal roots, increased levels of transcription factors and nutrient transporters, as well as ethylene-related proteins. The expression pattern of proteins and transcripts involved in plant defense responses suggested that plant defense was reduced in O. maculata mycorrhizal roots sampled in nature. These results expand our current knowledge towards a better understanding of the orchid mycorrhizal symbiosis in adult plants under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B. S. Valadares
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Depto de Ciência do Solo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil;
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale. Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém 66050-000, Brazil;
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino e IPSP-CNR, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Adriano R. Lucheta
- SENAI Innovation Institute for Mineral Technologies, Avenida Brás de Aguiar, 548, Belém 66035-405, Brazil;
| | - Eder C. Santos
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Linha Santa Bárbara, Francisco Beltrão 85601-970, Brazil;
| | - Renato M. Oliveira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale. Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Belém 66050-000, Brazil;
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marcio R. Lambais
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Depto de Ciência do Solo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil;
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Identification and expression of DoCCaMK during Sebacina sp. symbiosis of Dendrobium officinale. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9733. [PMID: 32546714 PMCID: PMC7298032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a famous precious medicinal plant in China. Seed and seedling were cultivated with the mycorrhizal fungus Sebacina sp. CCaMK was initially cloned from D. officinale based on a SSH cDNA library of symbiotically germinated seeds with Sebacina sp. Phylogenetic analysis was performed among DoCCaMK and other CCaMKs. The particle bombardment technique was used to visualize DoCCaMK-GFP. qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were conducted to determine the tissue expression patterns of DoCCaMK with (SGS) and without (UGS) Sebacina sp. Furthermore, the effect of KN-93 on CCaMK expression was also examined. Using NMT the net Ca2+ fluxes and the CCaMK concentration were measured during D. officinale seed germination. DoCCaMK had the highest homology with Lilium longiflorum CCaMK. The DoCCaMK-GFP protein localized in the nucleus and cell membrane. CCaMK expression was significantly upregulated after symbiosis with Sebacina sp. KN-93 could be used as an inhibitor of CCaMK to inhibit D. officinale seed germination. Ca2+ influx and the concentration of the CCaMK in the SGS group was significantly more than that of the UGS group. The characterization of CCaMK provides certain genetic evidence for the involvement of this gene during seed germination and mycorrhizal cultivation in D. officinale.
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Zhang Y, Li YY, Chen XM, Guo SX, Lee YI. Effect of different mycobionts on symbiotic germination and seedling growth of Dendrobium officinale, an important medicinal orchid. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2020; 61:2. [PMID: 31989371 PMCID: PMC6985412 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-019-0278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orchids maintain a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi in the lifecycle. Previous reports indicated that diverse mycobionts may have different roles during orchid growth and development. Although various mycorrhizal fungi have been isolated from Dendrobium roots and protocorms, little is known about their specific effects on seed germination and seedling growth. To understand the specific role of isolated fungal strains (i.e., Tulasnella and Sebacina), we used symbiotic culture to compare the effect of 6 fungal strains on seed germination and seedling growth of Dendrobium officinale, an important Chinese medicinal orchid. RESULTS In symbiotic germination tests, 6 fungal strains (4 Tulasnella strains and 2 Sebacina strains) promoted seed germination with different efficiencies. Seeds inoculated with Tulasnella strains S6 and S7 conferred higher germination percentage and faster protocorm development than other fungal strains. In symbiotic cultures, seedlings inoculated with Sebacina strain S3 had optimal fresh and dry matter yield. Also, Tulasnella strains S6 and S7 promoted seedling growth with good fresh and dry matter yield. Sebacina strain S2 inoculation greatly enhanced root and tiller production and the content of total crude polysaccharides, although seedlings were smaller with less fresh and dry matter yield than other seedlings. CONCLUSIONS Tulasnella and Sebacina strains could promote seed germination and seedling growth of D. officinale with different efficiencies. Our results suggest a non-specific mycorrhizal association and development-dependent preference. Our data provide the basic knowledge for use of different fungal strains in conservation and/or production practices of D. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Xing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yung-I Lee
- Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, 40453, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Ma X, Meng Y, Wang P, Tang Z, Wang H, Xie T. Bioinformatics-assisted, integrated omics studies on medicinal plants. Brief Bioinform 2019; 21:1857-1874. [PMID: 32706024 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immense therapeutic and economic values of medicinal plants have attracted increasing attention from the worldwide researchers. It has been recognized that production of the authentic and high-quality herbal drugs became the prerequisite for maintaining the healthy development of the traditional medicine industry. To this end, intensive research efforts have been devoted to the basic studies, in order to pave a way for standardized authentication of the plant materials, and bioengineering of the metabolic pathways in the medicinal plants. In this paper, the recent advances of omics studies on the medicinal plants were summarized from several aspects, including phenomics and taxonomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. We proposed a multi-omics data-based workflow for medicinal plant research. It was emphasized that integration of the omics data was important for plant authentication and mechanistic studies on plant metabolism. Additionally, the computational tools for proper storage, efficient processing and high-throughput analyses of the omics data have been introduced into the workflow. According to the workflow, authentication of the medicinal plant materials should not only be performed at the phenomics level but also be implemented by genomic and metabolomic marker-based examination. On the other hand, functional genomics studies, transcriptional regulatory networks and protein-protein interactions will contribute greatly for deciphering the secondary metabolic pathways. Finally, we hope that our work could inspire further efforts on the bioinformatics-assisted, integrated omics studies on the medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ma
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China.,Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yijun Meng
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghai Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
| | - Tian Xie
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China.,Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P.R. China
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11
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Functional Insights into the Roles of Hormones in the Dendrobium officinale-Tulasnella sp. Germinated Seed Symbiotic Association. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113484. [PMID: 30404159 PMCID: PMC6274778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium is one of the largest genera in the Orchidaceae, and D. officinale is used in traditional medicine, particularly in China. D. officinale seeds are minute and contain limited energy reserves, and colonization by a compatible fungus is essential for germination under natural conditions. When the orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) initiates symbiotic interactions with germination-driven orchid seeds, phytohormones from the orchid or the fungus play key roles, but the details of the possible biochemical pathways are still poorly understood. In the present study, we established a symbiotic system between D. officinale and Tulasnella sp. for seed germination. RNA-Seq was used to construct libraries of symbiotic-germinated seeds (DoTc), asymbiotic-germinated seeds (Do), and free-living OMF (Tc) to investigate the expression profiles of biosynthesis and metabolism pathway genes for three classes of endogenous hormones: JA (jasmonic acid), ABA (abscisic acid) and SLs (strigolactones), in D. officinale seeds and OMF under symbiotic and asymbiotic conditions. Low concentrations of endogenous JA, ABA, or SLs were detected in the D. officinale-Tulasnella symbiont compared with the asymbiotic tissues. Gene annotation results suggest that the expression of DEGs (differentially expressed genes) related to JA and ABA biosynthesis from D. officinale were down-regulated, while most of the key DEGs related to SL biosynthesis from D. officinale were up-regulated in the symbiotic germinated seeds compared with the asymbiotic germinated seeds. Moreover, in the OMF, we found a significantly up-regulated differential expression of the JA and ABA biosynthesis-related genes in the symbiotic interaction, with the opposite expression trends to those found in Dendrobium. This indicates that Dendrobium seed symbiotic germination may be stimulated by the apparent involvement of the OMF in the production of hormones, and relatively low concentrations of endogenous JA, ABA, or SLs might be maintained to promote the growth of the D. officinale-Tulasnella symbiotic protocorm-like body. These results will increase our understanding of the possible roles played by endogenous hormones in the regulation of the orchid-fungus symbiosis.
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12
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Miura C, Yamaguchi K, Miyahara R, Yamamoto T, Fuji M, Yagame T, Imaizumi-Anraku H, Yamato M, Shigenobu S, Kaminaka H. The Mycoheterotrophic Symbiosis Between Orchids and Mycorrhizal Fungi Possesses Major Components Shared with Mutualistic Plant-Mycorrhizal Symbioses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:1032-1047. [PMID: 29649962 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-18-0029-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Achlorophylous and early developmental stages of chorolophylous orchids are highly dependent on carbon and other nutrients provided by mycorrhizal fungi, in a nutritional mode termed mycoheterotrophy. Previous findings have implied that some common properties at least partially underlie the mycorrhizal symbioses of mycoheterotrophic orchids and that of autotrophic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants; however, information about the molecular mechanisms of the relationship between orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi is limited. In this study, we characterized the molecular basis of an orchid-mycorrhizal (OM) symbiosis by analyzing the transcriptome of Bletilla striata at an early developmental stage associated with the mycorrhizal fungus Tulasnella sp. The essential components required for the establishment of mutual symbioses with AM fungi or rhizobia in most terrestrial plants were identified from the B. striata gene set. A cross-species gene complementation analysis showed one of the component genes, calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase gene CCaMK in B. striata, retains functional characteristics of that in AM plants. The expression analysis revealed the activation of homologs of AM-related genes during the OM symbiosis. Our results suggest that orchids possess, at least partly, the molecular mechanisms common to AM plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Miura
- 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- 2 Functional Genomics Facility, NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Ryohei Miyahara
- 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Yamamoto
- 3 Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Masako Fuji
- 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | | | - Haruko Imaizumi-Anraku
- 5 Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan; and
| | | | - Shuji Shigenobu
- 2 Functional Genomics Facility, NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
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13
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Fungal elicitors stimulate biomass and active ingredients accumulation in Dendrobium catenatum plantlets. Biologia (Bratisl) 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-018-0091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Comparative transcriptomics provides insight into the molecular basis of species diversification of section Trigonopedia (Cypripedium) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11640. [PMID: 30076357 PMCID: PMC6076244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deceptive pollination is key to the species richness of Orchidaceae. However, the genetic basis of species diversification is still under study. Section Trigonopedia is a monophyletic clade of genus Cypripedium distributed in the southwest of China. The species of this section are pollinated by different flies. Pollinator differentiation makes section Trigonopedia an ideal group for studying the genetic basis underlying species diversification. Here, we sequenced the transcriptomes of eight species of the genus Cypripedium, including six co-flowering species of section Trigonopedia and two species outside this section as an outgroup. We reconstructed the phylogeny of the section with the combined 1572 single-copy genes extracted from the eight species and produced a highly resolved tree of the section. Furthermore, we combined substitution rate estimation and differential expression analysis to identify candidate genes, including genes related to floral scent synthesis and environmental adaptation, involved in species differentiation. Field investigations showed that these species have adapted to different habitats. We propose that the species diversification in this section is initiated by floral scent differentiation, followed by habitat differentiation, finally leading to speciation. This study sheds novel light on the diversification of closely related orchid species in the Qinghai-Tibetan region.
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15
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Li YY, Chen XM, Zhang Y, Cho YH, Wang AR, Yeung EC, Zeng X, Guo SX, Lee YI. Immunolocalization and Changes of Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoproteins During Symbiotic Germination of Dendrobium officinale. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:552. [PMID: 29922306 PMCID: PMC5996918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) are abundant cell wall components involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis, but little is known about their function in orchid mycorrhizal association. To gain further insight into the role of HRGPs in orchid symbiosis, the location and function of HRGPs were investigated during symbiotic germination of Dendrobium officinale. The presence of JIM11 epitope in developing protocorms was determined using immunodot blots and immunohistochemical staining procedures. Real-time PCR was also employed to verify the expression patterns of genes coding for extensin-like genes selected from the transcriptomic database. The importance of HRGPs in symbiotic germination was further investigated using 3,4-dehydro-L-proline (3,4-DHP), an inhibitor of HRGP biosynthesis. In symbiotic cultures, immunodot blots of JIM11 signals were moderate in mature seeds, and the signals became stronger in swollen embryos. After germination, signal intensities decreased in developing protocorms. In contrast, in asymbiotic cultures, JIM11 signals were much lower as compared with those stages in symbiotic cultures. Immunofluorescence staining enabled the visualization of JIM11 epitope in mature embryo and protocorm cells. Positive signals were initially localized in the larger cells near the basal (suspensor) end of uninfected embryos, marking the future colonization site of fungal hyphae. After 1 week of inoculation, the basal end of embryos had been colonized, and a strong signal was detected mostly at the mid- and basal regions of the enlarging protocorm. As protocorm development progressed, the signal was concentrated in the colonized cells at the basal end. In colonized cells, signals were present in the walls and intracellularly associated with hyphae and the pelotons. The precise localization of JIM11 epitope is further examined by immunogold labeling. In the colonized cells, gold particles were found mainly in the cell wall and the interfacial matrix near the fungal cell wall. Four extensin-like genes were verified to be highly up-regulated in symbiotically germinated protocorms as compared to asymbiotically germinated ones. The 3,4-DHP treatment inhibited the accumulation of HRGPs and symbiotic seed germination. In these protocorms, fungal hyphae could be found throughout the protocorms. Our results indicate that HRGPs play an important role in symbiotic germination. They can serve as markers for fungal colonization, establishing a symbiotic compartment and constraining fungal colonization inside the basal cells of protocorms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hsiu Cho
- Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Rong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Edward C. Yeung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Xu Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shun-Xing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yung-I Lee
- Biology Department, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Zeng X, Li Y, Ling H, Liu S, Liu M, Chen J, Guo S. Transcriptomic analyses reveal clathrin-mediated endocytosis involved in symbiotic seed germination of Gastrodia elata. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:31. [PMID: 28741080 PMCID: PMC5524656 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrodia elata is a well-known medicinal orchid. In nature, the germination rate of G. elata is extremely poor, because there is no endosperm within the mature seed. It is crucial for G. elata to obtain nutrition from mycorrhizal fungi (Mycena) at the early-stage of germination. After germination, the seed gives rise to a protocorm. However, there are no "omic" studies on understanding the interaction between Gastrodia and Mycena. Here, we used transcriptomic approaches to explore changes in seed germination of G. elata. RESULTS Based on RNA-Seq, a total of ~221 million clean reads were assembled denovo into 139,756 unigenes, including 42,140 unigenes that were annotated in public databases. Meanwhile, 1750 unigenes were identified as differentially expressed genes. Most of these differentially expressed genes were putatively involved in energy metabolism, plant defense, molecular signaling, and secondary metabolism. Additionally, numerous genes involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis were identified from our data. Most of these genes (e.g., clathrin, adaptor protein, dynamin, HSC70) were basally expressed in seeds and highly expressed in protocorms. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that clathrin-mediated endocytosis could play important roles in symbiotic seed germination of G. elata with Mycena infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Ling
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sisi Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunxing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 People’s Republic of China
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17
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Yeung EC. A perspective on orchid seed and protocorm development. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:33. [PMID: 28779349 PMCID: PMC5544657 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This perspective draws attention to the functional organization of orchid seed and protocorm during the course of development. The orchid embryos have a well-organized developmental plan generating a blue-print of a protocorm as they mature. The different phases of embryo development in orchids, i.e. histodifferentiation, storage product synthesis and accumulation, and maturation are essentially similar to other flowering plants. The protocorm is considered as a unique structure designed to establish symbiotic association with mycorrhizal fungi and with the primary goal to form a shoot apical meristem. This perspective brings forth arguments that the processes of embryo and protocorm development are highly programmed events, enhancing survival of orchid seeds and plantlets in their natural habitats. Furthermore, the ability of protocorm cells to divide, makes them ideal explants for micropropagation and transformation studies. Through seed germination and micropropagation using protocorms as explants, orchid conservation efforts are greatly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Yeung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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18
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Molecular characterization and expression analysis of WRKY family genes in Dendrobium officinale. Genes Genomics 2017; 40:265-279. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Chen J, Liu SS, Kohler A, Yan B, Luo HM, Chen XM, Guo SX. iTRAQ and RNA-Seq Analyses Provide New Insights into Regulation Mechanism of Symbiotic Germination of Dendrobium officinale Seeds (Orchidaceae). J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2174-2187. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Si Si Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Annegret Kohler
- UMR
1136 INRA/Université de Lorraine, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,
INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre INRA de Nancy, Champenoux 54280, France
| | - Bo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Hong Mei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Mei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shun Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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20
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Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Dendrobine Biosynthesis in Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Infected with Mycorrhizal Fungus MF23 (Mycena sp.). Sci Rep 2017; 7:316. [PMID: 28331229 PMCID: PMC5428410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Content determination and microscopic observation proved that dendrobine accumulation in the stem of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. increased after infection with mycorrhizal fungus MF23 (Mycena sp.). Large-scale transcriptome sequencing of symbiotic and asymbiotic D. nobile revealed that 30 unigenes encoding proteins were possibly related to the biosynthesis of dendrobine sesquiterpene backbone. A qRT-PCR experiment of 16 unigenes, selected randomly, proved that there were significant changes in the expression levels of AACT, MVD, PMK and TPS21 at 9 weeks after inoculation. These results implied that MF23 might stimulate dendrobine biosynthesis by regulating the expressions of genes involved in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. The biogenetic pathway of dendrobine was suggested systematically according to the structural features of dendrobine alkaloids and their sesquiterpene precursors, which implied that post-modification enzymes might play a major role in dendrobine biosynthesis. Thus, genes encoding post-modification enzymes, including cytochrome P450, aminotransferase and methyltransferase, were screened for their possible involvement in dendrobine biosynthesis. This study provides a good example of endophytes promoting the formation of bioactive compounds in their host and paves the way for further investigation of the dendrobine biosynthetic pathway.
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21
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Li Q, Ding G, Li B, Guo SX. Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Dendrobine Biosynthesis in Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Infected with Mycorrhizal Fungus MF23 (Mycena sp.). Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28331229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00445-9/2045-2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Content determination and microscopic observation proved that dendrobine accumulation in the stem of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. increased after infection with mycorrhizal fungus MF23 (Mycena sp.). Large-scale transcriptome sequencing of symbiotic and asymbiotic D. nobile revealed that 30 unigenes encoding proteins were possibly related to the biosynthesis of dendrobine sesquiterpene backbone. A qRT-PCR experiment of 16 unigenes, selected randomly, proved that there were significant changes in the expression levels of AACT, MVD, PMK and TPS21 at 9 weeks after inoculation. These results implied that MF23 might stimulate dendrobine biosynthesis by regulating the expressions of genes involved in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. The biogenetic pathway of dendrobine was suggested systematically according to the structural features of dendrobine alkaloids and their sesquiterpene precursors, which implied that post-modification enzymes might play a major role in dendrobine biosynthesis. Thus, genes encoding post-modification enzymes, including cytochrome P450, aminotransferase and methyltransferase, were screened for their possible involvement in dendrobine biosynthesis. This study provides a good example of endophytes promoting the formation of bioactive compounds in their host and paves the way for further investigation of the dendrobine biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shun-Xing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Suetsugu K, Yamato M, Miura C, Yamaguchi K, Takahashi K, Ida Y, Shigenobu S, Kaminaka H. Comparison of green and albino individuals of the partially mycoheterotrophic orchid Epipactis helleborine on molecular identities of mycorrhizal fungi, nutritional modes and gene expression in mycorrhizal roots. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1652-1669. [PMID: 28099773 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Some green orchids obtain carbon from their mycorrhizal fungi, as well as from photosynthesis. These partially mycoheterotrophic orchids sometimes produce fully achlorophyllous, leaf-bearing (albino) variants. Comparing green and albino individuals of these orchids will help to uncover the molecular mechanisms associated with mycoheterotrophy. We compared green and albino Epipactis helleborine by molecular barcoding of mycorrhizal fungi, nutrient sources based on 15 N and 13 C abundances and gene expression in their mycorrhizae by RNA-seq and cDNA de novo assembly. Molecular identification of mycorrhizal fungi showed that green and albino E. helleborine harboured similar mycobionts, mainly Wilcoxina. Stable isotope analyses indicated that albino E. helleborine plants were fully mycoheterotrophic, whereas green individuals were partially mycoheterotrophic. Gene expression analyses showed that genes involved in antioxidant metabolism were upregulated in the albino variants, which indicates that these plants experience greater oxidative stress than the green variants, possibly due to a more frequent lysis of intracellular pelotons. It was also found that some genes involved in the transport of some metabolites, including carbon sources from plant to fungus, are higher in albino than in green variants. This result may indicate a bidirectional carbon flow even in the mycoheterotrophic symbiosis. The genes related to mycorrhizal symbiosis in autotrophic orchids and arbuscular mycorrhizal plants were also upregulated in the albino variants, indicating the existence of common molecular mechanisms among the different mycorrhizal types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Suetsugu
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masahide Yamato
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- Functional Genomics Facility, NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ida
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Functional Genomics Facility, NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaminaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Lan XM, Xu GL, Sun YZ, Li F, Liu HN. Effect of Dendrobium officinale Extraction on Gastric Carcinogenesis in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2016; 2016:1213090. [PMID: 28119756 PMCID: PMC5227151 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1213090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale (Tie Pi Shi Hu in Chinese) has been widely used to treat different diseases in China. Anticancer effect is one of the important effects of Dendrobium officinale. However, the molecular mechanism of its anticancer effect remains unclear. In the present study, gastric carcinogenesis in rats was used to evaluate the effect of Dendrobium officinale on cancer, and its pharmacological mechanism was explored. Dendrobium officinale extracts (4.8 and 2.4 g/kg) were orally administered to the rats of the gastric carcinogenesis model. Compared with the cancer model group, the high dose of Dendrobium officinale extracts significantly inhibited the rate of carcinogenesis. Further analysis revealed that Dendrobium officinale extracts could regulate the DNA damage, oxidative stress, and cytokines related with carcinogenesis and induce cell apoptosis in order to prevent gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xi-Ming Lan
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Guo-Liang Xu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - You-Zhi Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Ning Liu
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Nanchang 330004, China
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Ling H, Zeng X, Guo S. Functional insights into the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein family from Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) using an Escherichia coli system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39693. [PMID: 28004781 PMCID: PMC5177895 DOI: 10.1038/srep39693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, a diverse family, accumulate during seed desiccation in the later stages of embryogenesis. LEA proteins are associated with tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity and high or cold temperature. Here, we report the first comprehensive survey of the LEA gene family in Dendrobium officinale, an important and widely grown medicinal orchid in China. Based on phylogenetic relationships with the complete set of Arabidopsis and Oryza LEA proteins, 17 genes encoding D. officinale LEAs (DofLEAs) were identified and their deduced proteins were classified into seven groups. The motif composition of these deduced proteins was correlated with the gene structure found in each LEA group. Our results reveal the DofLEA genes are widely distributed and expressed in tissues. Additionally, 11 genes from different groups were introduced into Escherichia coli to assess the functions of DofLEAs. Expression of 6 and 7 DofLEAs in E. coli improved growth performance compared with the control under salt and heat stress, respectively. Based on qPCR data, all of these genes were up-regulated in various tissues following exposure to salt and heat stresses. Our results suggest that DofLEAs play an important role in responses to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ling
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xu Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shunxing Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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Weiß M, Waller F, Zuccaro A, Selosse MA. Sebacinales - one thousand and one interactions with land plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:20-40. [PMID: 27193559 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
20 I 21 II 21 III 23 IV 29 V 33 VI 35 36 36 References 36 SUMMARY: Root endophytism and mycorrhizal associations are complex derived traits in fungi that shape plant physiology. Sebacinales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) display highly diverse interactions with plants. Although early-diverging Sebacinales lineages are root endophytes and/or have saprotrophic abilities, several more derived clades harbour obligate biotrophs forming mycorrhizal associations. Sebacinales thus display transitions from saprotrophy to endophytism and to mycorrhizal nutrition within one fungal order. This review discusses the genomic traits possibly associated with these transitions. We also show how molecular ecology revealed the hyperdiversity of Sebacinales and their evolutionary diversification into two sister families: Sebacinaceae encompasses mainly ectomycorrhizal and early-diverging saprotrophic species; the second family includes endophytes and lineages that repeatedly evolved ericoid, orchid and ectomycorrhizal abilities. We propose the name Serendipitaceae for this family and, within it, we transfer to the genus Serendipita the endophytic cultivable species Piriformospora indica and P. williamsii. Such cultivable Serendipitaceae species provide excellent models for root endophytism, especially because of available genomes, genetic tractability, and broad host plant range including important crop plants and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We review insights gained with endophytic Serendipitaceae species into the molecular mechanisms of endophytism and of beneficial effects on host plants, including enhanced resistance to abiotic and pathogen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weiß
- Steinbeis-Innovationszentrum Organismische Mykologie und Mikrobiologie, Vor dem Kreuzberg 17, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Waller
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius von Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Botanical Institute, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), BioCenter, University of Cologne, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Département Systématique et Evolution (UMR 7205 ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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López-Chávez MY, Guillén-Navarro K, Bertolini V, Encarnación S, Hernández-Ortiz M, Sánchez-Moreno I, Damon A. Proteomic and morphometric study of the in vitro interaction between Oncidium sphacelatum Lindl. (Orchidaceae) and Thanatephorus sp. RG26 (Ceratobasidiaceae). MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:353-65. [PMID: 26732875 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Orchidaceae establish symbiotic relationships with fungi in the Rhizoctonia group, resulting in interactions beneficial to both organisms or in cell destruction in one of them (pathogenicity). Previous studies have focused mostly on terrestrial species with a few, preliminary studies, on epiphytes. To further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these symbioses, we evaluated the interaction between Oncidium sphacelatum Lindl. and the mycorrhizal fungus Thanatephorus sp. strain RG26 (isolated from a different orchid species) in vitro using morphometric and proteomic analyses. Evidence from the morphometric and microscopic analysis showed that the fungus promoted linear growth and differentiation of orchid protocorms during 98 days interaction. On day 63, protocorm development was evident, so we analyzed the physiological response of both organisms at that moment. Proteome results suggest that orchid development stimulated by the fungus apparently involves cell cycle proteins, purine recycling, ribosome biogenesis, energy metabolism, and secretion that were up-regulated in the orchid; whereas in the fungus, a high expression of proteins implicated in stress response, protein-protein interaction, and saccharides and protein biosynthesis were found in the symbiotic interaction. This is the first work reporting proteins differentially expressed in the epiphytic orchid-fungus interaction and will contribute to the search for molecular markers that will facilitate the study of this symbiosis in both wild orchids and those in danger of extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Guillén-Navarro
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | - Vincenzo Bertolini
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Sergio Encarnación
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Hernández-Ortiz
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Irene Sánchez-Moreno
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio de María Auxiliadora, C.P. 29290, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Anne Damon
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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Teixeira da Silva JA, Jin X, Dobránszki J, Lu J, Wang H, Zotz G, Cardoso JC, Zeng S. Advances in Dendrobium molecular research: Applications in genetic variation, identification and breeding. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 95:196-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cytotoxic and Antifungal Constituents Isolated from the Metabolites of Endophytic Fungus DO14 from Dendrobium officinale. Molecules 2015; 21:E14. [PMID: 26703552 PMCID: PMC6274016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel cytotoxic and antifungal constituents, (4S,6S)-6-[(1S,2R)-1, 2-dihydroxybutyl]-4-hydroxy-4-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (1), (6S,2E)-6-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-oxodec-2-enoic acid (2), together with three known compounds, LL-P880γ (3), LL-P880α (4), and Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3b-ol (5) were isolated from the metabolites of endophytic fungi from Dendrobium officinale. The chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds 1–5 were evaluated by cytotoxicity and antifungal effects. Our present results indicated that compounds 1–4 showed notable anti-fungal activities (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 50 μg/mL) for all the tested pathogens including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus fumigatus. In addition, compounds 1–4 possessed notable cytotoxcities against human cancer cell lines of HL-60 cells with the IC50 values of below 100 μM. Besides, compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 showed strong cytotoxities on the LOVO cell line with the IC50 values were lower than 100 μM. In conclusion, our study suggested that endophytic fungi of D. officinale are great potential resources to discover novel agents for preventing or treating pathogens and tumors.
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in GA-GID1-DELLA Regulatory Module in Symbiotic and Asymbiotic Seed Germination of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30190-203. [PMID: 26694378 PMCID: PMC4691166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae) is an endangered medicinal plant in China, also called “King Medicine”. Due to lacking of sufficient nutrients in dust-like seeds, orchid species depend on mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination in the wild. As part of a conservation plan for the species, research on seed germination is necessary. However, the molecular mechanism of seed germination and underlying orchid-fungus interactions during symbiotic germination are poorly understood. In this study, Illumina HiSeq 4000 transcriptome sequencing was performed to generate a substantial sequence dataset of germinating A. roxburghii seed. A mean of 44,214,845 clean reads were obtained from each sample. 173,781 unigenes with a mean length of 653 nt were obtained. A total of 51,514 (29.64%) sequences were annotated, among these, 49 unigenes encoding proteins involved in GA-GID1-DELLA regulatory module, including 31 unigenes involved in GA metabolism pathway, 5 unigenes encoding GID1, 11 unigenes for DELLA and 2 unigenes for GID2. A total of 11,881 genes showed significant differential expression in the symbiotic germinating seed sample compared with the asymbiotic germinating seed sample, of which six were involved in the GA-GID1-DELLA regulatory module, and suggested that they might be induced or suppressed by fungi. These results will help us understand better the molecular mechanism of orchid seed germination and orchid-fungus symbiosis.
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30
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Teixeira da Silva JA, Tsavkelova EA, Ng TB, Parthibhan S, Dobránszki J, Cardoso JC, Rao MV, Zeng S. Asymbiotic in vitro seed propagation of Dendrobium. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1685-1706. [PMID: 26183950 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to germinate orchids from seeds in vitro presents a useful and viable method for the propagation of valuable germplasm, maintaining the genetic heterogeneity inherent in seeds. Given the ornamental and medicinal importance of many species within the genus Dendrobium, this review explores in vitro techniques for their asymbiotic seed germination. The influence of abiotic factors (such as temperature and light), methods of sterilization, composition of basal media, and supplementation with organic additives and plant growth regulators are discussed in context to achieve successful seed germination, protocorm formation, and further seedling growth and development. This review provides both a basis for the selection of optimal conditions, and a platform for the discovery of better ones, that would allow the development of new protocols and the exploration of new hypotheses for germination and conservation of Dendrobium seeds and seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena A Tsavkelova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - S Parthibhan
- Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, 4400, Nyíregyháza, Hungary.
| | - Jean Carlos Cardoso
- Department of Rural Development, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFSCar, Via Anhanguera, km 174, CP 153, CEP 13.600-970, Araras City, Brazil.
| | - M V Rao
- Department of Plant Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Songjun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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31
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Teixeira da Silva JA, Tsavkelova EA, Zeng S, Ng TB, Parthibhan S, Dobránszki J, Cardoso JC, Rao MV. Symbiotic in vitro seed propagation of Dendrobium: fungal and bacterial partners and their influence on plant growth and development. PLANTA 2015; 242:1-22. [PMID: 25940846 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The genus Dendrobium is one of the largest genera of the Orchidaceae Juss. family, although some of its members are the most threatened today. The reason why many species face a vulnerable or endangered status is primarily because of anthropogenic interference in natural habitats and commercial overexploitation. The development and application of modern techniques and strategies directed towards in vitro propagation of orchids not only increases their number but also provides a viable means to conserve plants in an artificial environment, both in vitro and ex vitro, thus providing material for reintroduction. Dendrobium seed germination and propagation are challenging processes in vivo and in vitro, especially when the extreme specialization of these plants is considered: (1) their biotic relationships with pollinators and mycorrhizae; (2) adaptation to epiphytic or lithophytic life-styles; (3) fine-scale requirements for an optimal combination of nutrients, light, temperature, and pH. This review also aims to summarize the available data on symbiotic in vitro Dendrobium seed germination. The influence of abiotic factors as well as composition and amounts of different exogenous nutrient substances is examined. With a view to better understanding how to optimize and control in vitro symbiotic associations, a part of the review describes the strong biotic relations of Dendrobium with different associative microorganisms that form microbial communities with adult plants, and also influence symbiotic seed germination. The beneficial role of plant growth-promoting bacteria is also discussed.
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Zhao X, Zhang J, Chen C, Yang J, Zhu H, Liu M, Lv F. Deep sequencing-based comparative transcriptional profiles of Cymbidium hybridum roots in response to mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal beneficial fungi. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:747. [PMID: 25174959 PMCID: PMC4162972 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Orchidaceae is one of the largest families in the plant kingdom and orchid mycorrhizae (OM) are indispensable in the life cycle of all orchids under natural conditions. In spite of this, little is known concerning the mechanisms underlying orchid- mycorrhizal fungi interactions. Our previous work demonstrated that the non-mycorrhizal fungus Umbelopsis nana ZH3A-3 could improve the symbiotic effects of orchid mycorrhizal fungus Epulorhiza repens ML01 by co-cultivation with Cymbidium hybridum plantlets. Thus, we investigated the C. hybridum transcript profile associated with different beneficial fungi. Results More than 54,993,972 clean reads were obtained from un-normalized cDNA library prepared from fungal- and mock- treated Cymbidium roots at four time points using RNA-seq technology. These reads were assembled into 16,798 unique transcripts, with a mean length of 1127 bp. A total of 10,971 (65.31%) sequences were annotated based on BLASTX results and over ninety percent of which were assigned to plant origin. The digital gene expression profiles in Cymbidium root at 15 days post inoculation revealed that 1674, 845 and 1743 genes were sigificantly regulated in response to ML01, ZH3A-3 and ML01+ ZH3A-3 treatments, respectively. Twenty-six genes in different regulation patterns were validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Our analysis showed that general defense responses were co- induced by three treatments, including cell wall modification, reactive oxygen species detoxification, secondary biosynthesis and hormone balance. Genes involved in phosphate transport and root morphogenesis were also detected to be up-regulated collectively. Among the OM specifically induced transcripts, genes related to signaling, protein metabolism and processing, defense, transport and auxin response were identifed. Aside from these orchid transcripts, some putative fungal genes were also identified in symbiotic roots related to plant cell wall degradation, remodeling the fungal cell wall and nutrient transport. Conclusion The orchid root transcriptome will facilitate our understanding of orchid - associated biological mechanism. The comparative expression profiling revealed that the transcriptional reprogramming by OM symbiosis generally overlapped that of arbuscular mycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizas. The molecular basis of OM formation and function will improve our knowledge of plant- mycorrhzial fungi interactions, and their effects on plant and fungal growth, development and differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-747) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fubing Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, East 1st Street 1, Jinying Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
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Valadares RBS, Perotto S, Santos EC, Lambais MR. Proteome changes in Oncidium sphacelatum (Orchidaceae) at different trophic stages of symbiotic germination. MYCORRHIZA 2014; 24:349-60. [PMID: 24310930 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mutualistic symbioses between plants and fungi are a widespread phenomenon in nature. Particularly in orchids, association with symbiotic fungi is required for seed germination and seedling development. During the initial stages of symbiotic germination, before the onset of photosynthesis, orchid protocorms are fully mycoheterotrophic. The molecular mechanisms involved in orchid symbiotic germination and development are largely unknown, but it is likely that changes in plant energy metabolism and defense-related responses play a central role in these processes. We have used 2D-LC-MS/MS coupled to isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification to identify proteins with differential accumulation in Oncidium sphacelatum at different stages of mycorrhizal protocorm development (achlorophyllous and green protocorms) after seed inoculation with a Ceratobasidium sp. isolate. We identified and quantified 88 proteins, including proteins putatively involved in energy metabolism, cell rescue and defense, molecular signaling, and secondary metabolism. Quantitative analysis showed that the expected changes in carbon metabolism in green protocorms were accompanied by enhanced accumulation of proteins involved in the modulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis, defense-related responses, and phytoalexins and carotenoid biosynthesis. Our results suggest profound metabolic changes in orchid protocorms during the switch from the fully mycoheterotrophic to the photosynthetic stage. Part of these changes may be also related to the obligatory nature of the interaction with the endomycorrhizal fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B S Valadares
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Perotto S, Rodda M, Benetti A, Sillo F, Ercole E, Rodda M, Girlanda M, Murat C, Balestrini R. Gene expression in mycorrhizal orchid protocorms suggests a friendly plant-fungus relationship. PLANTA 2014; 239:1337-49. [PMID: 24760407 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Orchids fully depend on symbiotic interactions with specific soil fungi for seed germination and early development. Germinated seeds give rise to a protocorm, a heterotrophic organ that acquires nutrients, including organic carbon, from the mycorrhizal partner. It has long been debated if this interaction is mutualistic or antagonistic. To investigate the molecular bases of the orchid response to mycorrhizal invasion, we developed a symbiotic in vitro system between Serapias vomeracea, a Mediterranean green meadow orchid, and the rhizoctonia-like fungus Tulasnella calospora. 454 pyrosequencing was used to generate an inventory of plant and fungal genes expressed in mycorrhizal protocorms, and plant genes could be reliably identified with a customized bioinformatic pipeline. A small panel of plant genes was selected and expression was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal protocorm tissues. Among these genes were some markers of mutualistic (e.g. nodulins) as well as antagonistic (e.g. pathogenesis-related and wound/stress-induced) genes. None of the pathogenesis or wound/stress-related genes were significantly up-regulated in mycorrhizal tissues, suggesting that fungal colonization does not trigger strong plant defence responses. In addition, the highest expression fold change in mycorrhizal tissues was found for a nodulin-like gene similar to the plastocyanin domain-containing ENOD55. Another nodulin-like gene significantly more expressed in the symbiotic tissues of mycorrhizal protocorms was similar to a sugar transporter of the SWEET family. Two genes coding for mannose-binding lectins were significantly up-regulated in the presence of the mycorrhizal fungus, but their role in the symbiosis is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Perotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy,
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35
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Selosse MA. The latest news from biological interactions in orchids: in love, head to toe. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:337-340. [PMID: 24645780 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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36
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Balestrini R, Nerva L, Sillo F, Girlanda M, Perotto S. Plant and fungal gene expression in mycorrhizal protocorms of the orchid Serapias vomeracea colonized by Tulasnella calospora. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e977707. [PMID: 25482758 PMCID: PMC4623096 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.977707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Little is known on the molecular bases of plant-fungal interactions in orchid mycorrhiza. We developed a model system to investigate gene expression in mycorrhizal protocorms of Serapias vomeracea colonised by Tulasnella calospora. Our recent results with a small panel of genes as indicators of plant response to mycorrhizal colonization indicate that genes related with plant defense were not significantly up-regulated in mycorrhizal tissues. Here, we used laser microdissection to investigate whether expression of some orchid genes was restricted to specific cell types. Results showed that SvNod1, a S. vomeracea nodulin-like protein containing a plastocyanin-like domain, is expressed only in protocorm cells containing intracellular fungal hyphae. In addition, we investigated a family of fungal zinc metallopeptidases (M36). This gene family has expanded in the T. calospora genome and RNA-Seq experiments indicate that some members of the M36 metallopeptidases family are differentially regulated in orchid mycorrhizal protocorms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Balestrini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP); UOS Torino; CNR Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Nerva
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino;Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabiano Sillo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP); UOS Torino; CNR Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences; University of Torino; Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariangela Girlanda
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino;Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology; University of Torino;Viale Mattioli 25, Torino, Italy
- Correspondence to: Silvia Perotto;
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