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Kennedy PR, Felices M, Miller JS. Challenges to the broad application of allogeneic natural killer cell immunotherapy of cancer. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:165. [PMID: 35414042 PMCID: PMC9006579 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that recognize malignant cells through a wide array of germline-encoded receptors. Triggering of activating receptors results in cytotoxicity and broad immune system activation. The former is achieved through release of cytotoxic granules and presentation of death receptor ligands, while the latter is mediated by inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor α. Early success with ex vivo activation of NK cells and adoptive transfer suggest they are a safe therapeutic with promising responses in advanced hematologic malignancies. In particular, adoptive NK cell therapies can serve as a 'bridge' to potentially curative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In addition, strategies are being developed that expand large numbers of cells from limited starting material and mature NK cells from precursors. Together, these make 'off-the-shelf' NK cells possible to treat a wide range of cancers. Research efforts have focused on creating a range of tools that increase targeting of therapeutic NK cells toward cancer-from therapeutic antibodies that drive antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, to chimeric antigen receptors. As these novel therapies start to show promise in clinical trials, the field is rapidly moving toward addressing other challenges that limit NK cell therapeutics and the goal to treat solid tumors. This review describes the state of therapeutic NK cell targeting of tumors; discusses the challenges that need to be addressed before NK cells can be applied as a wide-ranging treatment for cancer; and points to some of the innovations that are being developed to surmount these challenges. Suppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment pose a direct threat to therapeutic NK cells, through presentation of inhibitory ligands and secretion of suppressive cytokines and metabolites. The nutrient- and oxygen-starved conditions under which NK cells must function necessitate an understanding of therapeutic NK cell metabolism that is still emerging. Prior to these challenges, NK cells must find their way into and persist in the tumor itself. Finally, the desirability of a 'single-shot' NK cell treatment and the problems and benefits of a short-lived rejection-prone NK cellular product are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa R Kennedy
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MCRB Rm 520, 425 E River Rd Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Martin Felices
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MCRB Rm 520, 425 E River Rd Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MCRB Rm 520, 425 E River Rd Parkway, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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2
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CXC Chemokine Signaling in Progression of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Theranostic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052642. [PMID: 35269786 PMCID: PMC8910147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to nonspecific symptoms and ineffective screening approaches. Although chemotherapy has been available and widely used for the treatment of advanced EOC, the overall prognosis remains dismal. As part of the intrinsic defense mechanisms against cancer development and progression, immune cells are recruited into the tumor microenvironment (TME), and this process is directed by the interactions between different chemokines and their receptors. In this review, the functional significance of CXC chemokine ligands/chemokine receptors (CXCL/CXCR) and their roles in modulating EOC progression are summarized. The status and prospects of CXCR/CXCL-based theranostic strategies in EOC management are also discussed.
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3
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Yao X, Matosevic S. Chemokine networks modulating natural killer cell trafficking to solid tumors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:36-45. [PMID: 33495094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell-based cell therapy has been emerging as a powerful weapon in the treatment of multiple malignancies. However, the inadequate infiltration of the therapeutic NK cells into solid tumors remains a big challenge to their clinical utility. Chemokine networks, which play essential roles in the migration of lymphocytes, have been recognized as critical in driving the intratumoral infiltration of NK cells via interactions between soluble chemokines and their receptors. Often, such interactions are complex and disease-specific. In the context of NK cells, chemokine receptors of note have included CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, CXCR3, and CX3CR1. The immunobiology of chemokine-receptor interactions has fueled the development of approaches that hope to improve the infiltration of NK cells into the microenvironment of solid tumors. Stimulation of NK cells ex vivo in the presence of various cytokines (such as IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21) and genetic engineering of NK cells have been utilized to alter the chemokine receptor profile and generate NK cells with higher infiltrating capacity. Additionally, the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment has also been targeted, by introducing, either directly or indirectly, chemokine ligands which NK cells are able to respond to, ultimately creating a more hospitable niche for NK cell trafficking. Such strategies have promoted the infiltration and activity of infused NK cells into multiple solid tumors. In this review, we discuss how chemokine receptors and their ligands coordinate and how they can be manipulated to regulate the trafficking, distribution, and residence of NK cells in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yao
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA.
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4
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Real-time analysis of protein and protein mixture interaction with lipid bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:319-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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5
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Mohan T, Zhu W, Wang Y, Wang BZ. Applications of chemokines as adjuvants for vaccine immunotherapy. Immunobiology 2017; 223:477-485. [PMID: 29246401 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinations are expected to aid in building immunity against pathogens. This objective often requires the addition of an adjuvant with certain vaccine formulations containing weakly immunogenic antigens. Adjuvants can improve antigen processing, presentation, and recognition, thereby improving the immunogenicity of a vaccine by simulating and eliciting an immune response. Chemokines are a group of small chemoattractant proteins that are essential regulators of the immune system. They are involved in almost every aspect of tumorigenesis, antitumor immunity, and antimicrobial activity and also play a critical role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. More recently, chemokines have been used as vaccine adjuvants due to their ability to modulate lymphocyte development, priming and effector functions, and enhance protective immunity. Chemokines that are produced naturally by the body's own immune system could serve as potentially safer and more reliable adjuvant options versus synthetic adjuvants. This review will primarily focus on chemokines and their immunomodulatory activities against various infectious diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ye Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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6
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Capicciotti CJ, Zong C, Sheikh MO, Sun T, Wells L, Boons GJ. Cell-Surface Glyco-Engineering by Exogenous Enzymatic Transfer Using a Bifunctional CMP-Neu5Ac Derivative. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13342-13348. [PMID: 28858492 PMCID: PMC5705004 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell-surface engineering strategies that permit long-lived display of well-defined, functionally active molecules are highly attractive for eliciting desired cellular responses and for understanding biological processes. Current methodologies for the exogenous introduction of synthetic biomolecules often result in short-lived presentations, or require genetic manipulation to facilitate membrane attachment. Herein, we report a cell-surface engineering strategy that is based on the use of a CMP-Neu5Ac derivative that is modified at C-5 by a bifunctional entity composed of a complex synthetic heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide and biotin. It is shown that recombinant ST6GAL1 can readily transfer the modified sialic acid to N-glycans of glycoprotein acceptors of living cells resulting in long-lived display. The HS oligosaccharide is functionally active, can restore protein binding, and allows activation of cell signaling events of HS-deficient cells. The cell-surface engineering methodology can easily be adapted to any cell type and is highly amenable to a wide range of complex biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle J. Capicciotti
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Chengli Zong
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - M. Osman Sheikh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Amit M, Na'ara S, Francis D, Matanis W, Zolotov S, Eisenhaber B, Eisenhaber F, Weiler Sagie M, Malkin L, Billan S, Charas T, Gil Z. Post-translational Regulation of Radioactive Iodine Therapy Response in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:4108088. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Immune Protection of Retroviral Vectors Upon Molecular Painting with the Complement Regulatory Protein CD59. Mol Biotechnol 2017; 58:480-8. [PMID: 27170144 PMCID: PMC4899500 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring is a type of post-translational modification that allows proteins to be presented on the exterior side of the cell membrane. Purified glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein can spontaneously re-insert into lipid bilayer membranes in a process termed Molecular Painting. Here, we demonstrate the possibility of inserting purified, recombinant CD59 into virus particles produced from a murine retroviral producer cell line. CD59 is a regulator of the complement system that helps protect healthy cells from the lytic activity of the complement cascade. In this study, we could show that Molecular Painting confers protection from complement activity upon murine retroviral vector particles. Indeed, increased infectivity of CD59-modified virus particles was observed upon challenge with human serum, indicating that Molecular Painting is suitable for modulating the immune system in gene therapy or vaccination applications.
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Church SE, Galon J. Regulation of CTL Infiltration Within the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1036:33-49. [PMID: 29275463 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67577-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of a complex milieu of cells and factors that maintain equilibrium between tumor progression and destruction. Characterization of the immune contexture in primary tumors has consistently shown that T lymphocytes are an integral predictor of improved clinical outcome. This is notably true in colorectal carcinoma where high densities of cytotoxic or memory T lymphocytes in the invasive margin and the center of the primary tumor predict better patient survival, a measure termed Immunoscore. Since a high Immunoscore and pre-existing adaptive immune response are significantly correlated with improved clinical outcome, it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying functional T lymphocyte infiltration into the tumor. The ability of cytolytic and memory T lymphocytes to migrate into tumors is regulated by multiple strategies including T lymphocyte help, homing factors, cytokines, tumor genotype, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and neurological signals. This chapter will discuss the predominant factors that mediate T-lymphocyte infiltration into tumors and how analysis of these biomarkers determine patients' disease-related survival and predicts response to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Church
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM, UMRS1138, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
- Cordeliers Research Centre, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Paris, France.
| | - Jérôme Galon
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, INSERM, UMRS1138, 15 Rue de l'Ecole de Medecine, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Cordeliers Research Centre, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Paris, France
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Heider S, Dangerfield JA, Metzner C. Biomedical applications of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1778-1788. [PMID: 27542385 PMCID: PMC5036375 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) use a unique posttranslational modification to link proteins to lipid bilayer membranes. The anchoring structure consists of both a lipid and carbohydrate portion and is highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms regarding its basic characteristics, yet highly variable in its molecular details. The strong membrane targeting property has made the anchors an interesting tool for biotechnological modification of lipid membrane-covered entities from cells through extracellular vesicles to enveloped virus particles. In this review, we will take a closer look at the mechanisms and fields of application for GPI-APs in lipid bilayer membrane engineering and discuss their advantages and disadvantages for biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Heider
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Metzner
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Tan H, Song Y, Jin J, Zhao X, Chen J, Qing Z, Yu S, Huang L. vwF A3-GPI modification of EPCs accelerates reendothelialization of injured vessels via collagen targeting in mice. J Drug Target 2016; 24:744-51. [PMID: 26878652 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2016.1154563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Tan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaoming Song
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhexue Qing
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyong Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Garapaty A, Champion JA. Biomimetic and synthetic interfaces to tune immune responses. Biointerphases 2015; 10:030801. [PMID: 26178262 PMCID: PMC4506308 DOI: 10.1116/1.4922798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms depend upon complex intercellular communication to initiate, maintain, or suppress immune responses during infection or disease. Communication occurs not only between different types of immune cells, but also between immune cells and nonimmune cells or pathogenic entities. It can occur directly at the cell-cell contact interface, or indirectly through secreted signals that bind cell surface molecules. Though secreted signals can be soluble, they can also be particulate in nature and direct communication at the cell-particle interface. Secreted extracellular vesicles are an example of native particulate communication, while viruses are examples of foreign particulates. Inspired by communication at natural immunological interfaces, biomimetic materials and designer molecules have been developed to mimic and direct the type of immune response. This review describes the ways in which native, biomimetic, and designer materials can mediate immune responses. Examples include extracellular vesicles, particles that mimic immune cells or pathogens, and hybrid designer molecules with multiple signaling functions, engineered to target and bind immune cell surface molecules. Interactions between these materials and immune cells are leading to increased understanding of natural immune communication and function, as well as development of immune therapeutics for the treatment of infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Garapaty
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Julie A Champion
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Wang L, Amoozgar Z, Huang J, Saleh MH, Xing D, Orsulic S, Goldberg MS. Decitabine Enhances Lymphocyte Migration and Function and Synergizes with CTLA-4 Blockade in a Murine Ovarian Cancer Model. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:1030-41. [PMID: 26056145 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-15-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lack of second-line treatment for relapsed ovarian cancer necessitates the development of improved combination therapies. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy each confer clinical benefit, albeit limited as monotherapies. Ovarian cancer is not particularly responsive to immune checkpoint blockade, so combination with a complementary therapy may be beneficial. Recent studies have revealed that a DNA methyl transferase inhibitor, azacytidine, alters expression of immunoregulatory genes in ovarian cancer. In this study, the antitumor effects of a related DNA methyl transferase inhibitor, decitabine (DAC), were demonstrated in a syngeneic murine ovarian cancer model. Low-dose DAC treatment increases the expression of chemokines that recruit NK cells and CD8(+) T cells, promotes their production of IFNγ and TNFα, and extends the survival of mice bearing subcutaneous or orthotopic tumors. While neither DAC nor immune checkpoint blockade confers durable responses as a monotherapy in this model, the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 was potentiated by combination with DAC. This combination promotes differentiation of naïve T cells into effector T cells and prolongs cytotoxic lymphocyte responses as well as mouse survival. These results suggest that this combination therapy may be worthy of further consideration for improved treatment of drug-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zohreh Amoozgar
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohammad H Saleh
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deyin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Women's Cancer Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael S Goldberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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14
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Kim JC, Tae G. Recent Advances in Cell surface Engineering Focused on Cell Therapy. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Chul Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Giyoong Tae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology; Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
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Nelson PJ, Muenchmeier N. Membrane-anchored chemokine fusion proteins: A novel class of adjuvants for immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e26619. [PMID: 24427544 PMCID: PMC3887060 DOI: 10.4161/onci.26619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive or active cancer immunotherapy can fail owing to the inefficient recruitment of effector leukocytes to malignant lesions. The intratumoral injection of recombinant proteins comprising a chemokine-derived domain linked to the mucin stalk of chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor can specifically enhance the recruitment of effector cell subsets to solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Nelson
- AG Klinische Biochemie; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV; University of Munich; Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas Muenchmeier
- The Scripps Research Institute; Institute for Immunology and Microbial Science; San Diego, CA USA
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